THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SELECTION VARIETIES ON THE CLEANING PROCESS OF COTTON STRUCTURE COMPOSITION

ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1153 THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SELECTION VARIETIES ON THE CLEANING PROCESS OF COTTON STRUCTURE COMPOSITION N.A. Mamatiskhakova, A.A. Abdugaffarov Tashkent institute of textile and light industry Abstract: In this article, experimental work was carried out at an enterprise in the LLC cluster system. It processed Andijan-36, 52-4, China-31, China-29, and 52 selection varieties imported from China, grown in Andijan, and studied the effect of the structural composition of different selection varieties on the ginning process. Keywords: fiber porosity, fiber volumetric mass, cotton fragments, cotton structure composition 1. INTRODUCTION Several regulations have been adopted to objectively evaluate new cotton varieties found out by breeders of our republic in terms of morphological, economic and technological indicators of their fiber, to select them for future expansion, to study the implementation of seed production work in elite farms that primarily reproduce seeds of new and promising cotton varieties, to study the acceptance of seed cotton at cotton ginning plants and cotton receiving points, and to study their separate collection and storage by varieties and generations. Many researchers have stated that one of the main factors that affects the efficiency of cotton structure ginning is the initial processing of cotton in cotton ginning enterprises. The cotton structure coefficient was proposed primarily by R.Z. Burnashev and A.E. Lugachev as an indicator of cotton structure as a cleaning object. However, other scientists considered it only as an indicator of the number of cotton fragments. In fact, it is not true for real cotton since the number of seeds connected by fibers can vary in a given piece of cotton. In the currently available cotton selection varieties, there can be up to 5-9 seeds in a piece of cotton. However, it should be noted that the main element of the cotton piece is a single fibercoated seed, which consists of a seed with a width of 3-6 mm, a length of 6-9 mm, and a fiber with a length of 29-36 mm, as well as fluff of various lengths. However, in nature, the fibers in the seed are in a dense state, bent in the boll of the cotton, and do not reach their maximum length even during technological processes. A piece of cotton consisting of 6-9 fiber seeds is stretched as a result of mechanical effects. In the process of separating the seeds, the fibers attached to them can be straightened and lengthened as a result of mechanical effects. During the drying and cleaning processes, the separated seed fibers can be further reduced in fiber length due to friction on the working surfaces of dryers and cleaners. The analysis can be concluded that even if the number of cotton pieces and the number of seeds in them are the same, the sizes of the cotton pieces, that is, the fiber surfaces involved in cleaning, may be different. This situation leads to the possibility that the cleaning efficiency of the cleaners may be different even if the value of the coefficient m, which is measured by the ratio of the number of seeds in the cotton to the number of cotton pieces, is the same. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1154 A number of studies focused on the effect of cotton density on cleaning efficiency found that an increase in its value leads to a decrease in cleaning efficiency. The following formula determines cotton density. The porosity depends on the Vm.        +−= rr b t b эквma m B T dV  2 min 3 610006    (1) here экв d - equivalent diameter of a fiber single seed; Тfiber thickness, tex; min B - fiber output; n m - fibrous single seed mass; b m - single fiber mass; r  - fiber length; b  - volumetric mass of fiber; rr a - width and length of the seed, respectively. (1) The parameters included in the formula are the same for a single batch of cotton. Therefore, the porosity of the fibers m V It is largely determined by the size of each fiber or the length of the cotton sliver that substitutes for them. Generally, it is scientifically significant to compare and analyze the structure of machine-picked and hand-picked cotton and their influence on the efficiency of cleaners. 2. METHODS This article describes the change in the structure of cotton due to technological processes, its optimal preparation for ginning, and how to determine the coefficient that characterizes the structure of cotton. To know that some experiments were conducted in the Chinabad cotton ginning factory. We used the cotton variety China-29½ collected by hand and by machine. After passing the cotton ginning machine 2CБ-10 and the УХК cleaners, samples were taken, and then the number of seeds as well as cotton fragments were measured three times. The value of the coefficient was calculated by this formula: M N m= (2) Here N - number of single fiber-coated seeds; M - number of cotton fragments. 3. RESULTS Results of experiments are provided in the first table. Moisture of cotton collected by hand accounts for 10.3% and moisture of cotton collected by machine accounts for 13.1%. 1-table Change in the cotton structure due to the technological process No. Spot from where the sample Number of fiber-coated seeds in cotton M N m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1155 was taken Hand-picked cotton 1. From the cotton heap 25 13 14 14 13 15 20 13 - 127 534 4,2 2. After 2СБ10 62 92 16 8 16 9 13 9 - 225 531 2.36 3. After УХК 330 40 7 9 7 3 3 2 - 401 517 1,29 Machine-picked cotton 1. From the cotton heap 80 30 12 10 11 15 13 5 - 176 492 2,8 2. After 2СБ10 125 55 10 40 9 10 4 - - 253 558 2,21 3. After УХК 470 34 7 9 4 6 4 - - 534 679 1,27 From the results of the study, it is clear that cotton is separated into small pieces after passing through pneumatic transport, the drying drum of 2СБ-10, and the cleaning flow of УХК. Therefore, the number of single fiber-coated seeds increases, leading to an increased number of cotton fragments. With the hand picking, the value of the coefficient is decreasing from 4.2 to 1.29, and with machine picking, from 2.8 to 1.27. Although the coefficient of cotton’s structure with hand-picking and machine picking after the cleaning flow of УХК is almost the same, we can see a significant change in its composition. In particular, the quantity of single fiber-coated seeds picked by hand is 620, while the fiber-coated seeds picked by machine – 125. In addition, the number of double seeds is 92 and 55, respectively. There are other noticeable changes in other parts of cotton. The registered cases show that previous recommendations of the cotton structure’s coefficient did not include the types of cotton picking. Besides that, the samples of 50g, 100g, and 150g were taken, and after the technological process of the cotton-ginning factory, the number of single fiber-coated seeds in the composition of cotton was obtained. The attained results are provided in tables 2-4 below: 2table The quantity of fiber-coated seeds in the 50g of cotton is in the sequence of the technological process of the cotton-ginning plant. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1156 No. Spot from where the sample was taken Cotton composition (number of fiber-coated seeds) М N m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. From the cotton heap 16 6 9 8 3 10 2 7 4 65 268 0.24 2. At the transfer point 48 15 11 3 6 6 6 5 - 100 271 0.37 3. After 2 СБ-10 46 25 12 9 2 7 6 2 - 109 278 0.39 4. After УХК 150 37 9 2 1 2 3 - - 204 297 0.69 5. From the gin tray 177 29 12 2 1 1 - - - 222 290 0.76 3-table The quantity of fiber-coated seeds in the 100g of cotton in the sequence of the technological process of the cotton-ginning plant. Т/р Намуна нуқтаси Cotton composition (number of fiber-coated seeds) М N m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. From the cotton heap 34 17 14 9 12 18 18 7 6 135 550 0.25 2. At the transfer point 99 33 21 23 7 12 11 5 - 211 544 0.38 3. After 2 СБ-10 116 41 18 12 9 13 14 5 1 229 570 0.40 4. After УХК 364 31 12 7 5 3 2 2 3 429 590 0.72 5. From the gin tray 394 37 16 5 3 3 3 - - 461 590 0.78 4-table The quantity of fiber-coated seeds in the 150g of cotton is in the sequence of the technological process of the cotton-ginning plant. Т/р Намуна нуқтаси Cotton composition (number of fiber-coated seeds) М N m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. From the cotton heap 52 28 11 23 22 22 23 16 5 202 809 0.25 2. At the transfer point 125 49 31 24 15 9 20 14 5 292 838 0.35 3. After 2 СБ-10 187 67 16 23 14 20 8 10 1 340 784 0.43 4. After УХК 489 52 23 14 8 5 8 1 2 602 870 0.69 5. From the gin tray 548 81 18 7 14 2 - - - 670 874 0.77 Based on the results of the study in pictures 3.7-3.9 show histograms of the change in quantity of single fiber-coated seeds, of cotton fragments, and the change of coefficient that determines the cotton ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1157 structure in cotton samples of different weights during the technological process of the cotton-ginning factory. 65 100 109 204 222 135 211 229 429 461 202 292 340 602 670 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Пахта ғарами Перевалкада 2 СБ-10 дан кейин УХК дан кейин Жин латогидан 268 271 278 297 290 550 544 570 590 590 809 838 784 870 874 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Пахта ғарами Перевалкада 2 СБ-10 дан кейин УХК дан кейин Жин латогидан Sequence of technological process Технологик жараён кетма-кетлиги -50g sample ; -100g sample; -150g sample. 1-picture. The number of fiber-coated seeds in cotton samples of different weights during the technological process of the cotton-ginning factor. Sequence of technological process ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1158 4. CONCLUSION The results of the study show that with an increase in the weight of the sample, the number of single fiber-coated seeds and cotton fragments increases in accordance with the number of cotton fibers of different weights in the technological process of the cotton ginning factory, and the coefficient characterizing the structure of cotton is almost the same in all samples. In conclusion, there is a need to conduct extensive research in connection with the efficiency of ginning to develop a coefficient characterizing the structure of cotton as an object of cleaning. REFERENCES 1. Umarkhodjaev D.Kh., Parpiev A. Some problems of fiber quality improvement. 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