SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE SYSTEM OF THE ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 94 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE SYSTEM OF THE ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES Hojiboyeva E’zoza Student of Navoi State University https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17791842 Annotation. Investigating the English vowel phoneme system holds significant scientific importance due to its foundational role in language acquisition. This article seeks to analyze the viewpoints of scholars from both English and Uzbek backgrounds regarding this linguistic phenomenon. Through an examination of pertinent theories and examples from English and Uzbek texts, we aim to highlight the differences and similarities in terminology and methodologies used in each language. Key words: English language, Uzbek language, vowel, sound, term. Annotatsiya. Ingliz tilidagi unli tovush tizimini tadqiq qilish tilni oʻzlashtirishdagi asosiy roli tufayli muhim ilmiy ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu maqola ingliz va oʻzbek millatiga mansub olimlarning ushbu lingvistik hodisaga nisbatan qarashlarini tahlil qilishga intiladi. Ingliz va oʻzbek tilidagi matnlardan tegishli nazariyalar va misollarni oʻrganish orqali biz har bir tilda qoʻllaniladigan atama va metodologiyalardagi farq va oʻxshashliklarni koʻrsatishni maqsad qilingan. Kalit so'zlar: ingliz tili, o'zbek tili, unli, tovush, atama. Understanding grammar is essential for effective English communication, providing structure and rules for coherent expression. Learning grammar not only improves your writing and speaking skills, but also develops a better understanding of the language. However, students may have difficulty comparing their native language with English. This article focuses on the grammatical analysis of adjectives with inappropriate meaning in English and Uzbek languages. In English vowels are letters that represent speech sounds where air leaves the mouth without any blockage by the tongue, lips, or throat. The vowels in the alphabet are a, e, i, o, u, a [Abduazizov, 100] Vowel sounds are sounds that are formed without any obstacles in the mouth and dehydration, and the composition is sound noise is almost non-existent. Each language has its own system of vowels. The vowel system in the tongue is called vocalism. Latin: vocalis - vowel sound In the Uzbek language, there are 6 vowels: a, e, i, o, u, o'.[Erkaboyeva, 26] According to the horizontal movement of the tongue, vowels are classified into front, mixed and back ones.[A.A. Abduazizov, 104] In Uzbek, according to the horizontal movement of the tongue, the front row vowels: i, e, a, the back row vowels u, o, o'.[Erkaboyeva, 26] According to the vertical movement of the tongue (or to the height of the raised part of the tongue) vowels may be classified into: a) close or high /u:/, /1/, /u/, /u:/; b) mid-open or mid - /e/, /s/, /ǝ://ǝl; c) open or low- /æ/, /o/, /:/, /a:/.[A. A. Abduazizov, 104] INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 95 Depending on the vertical motion of the language, vowel sounds are divided into 3 types: high-rise vowels u, i, medium-rise vowels e, o‘ and low-rise vowels a, o. [Erkaboyeva 26] According to the position of the lips vowels may be rounded and unrounded. Rounded vowels are of two types: a) slightly rounded - /ɔ/, /u/ and b) closely rounded - /ɔ:/, /u:/; [A.A. Abduazizov 104] According to the position (participation) of the lip, vowels are divided into 2: lipped vowels (у, о) and unliped vowels (i, е, а, о). During the pronunciation of labial vowels, the lips are actively involved: the lips are puckered, come forward, and take a round shape. Unlabialized vowels are pronounced without lips or passive lip involvement.[Erkaboyeva 26] Traditionally, according to the quantitative features, English vowels are classified into historically long /i:/, /α:/, /:/, /u:/, /ǝ:/ and in certain positions /æ/ and short //, /e/, /ə/, /, /, /ǝ/ (and in certain positions /æ/) vowels.[A.A. Abduazizov 105] Depending on the amount of time spent in the formation of a sound, vowel sounds are divided into 2 types: elongated vowel; short vowel. Long vowels are vowels that are pronounced. Such sounds often serve to differentiate meaning. The pronunciation of short vowels takes less time than the flour.[Erkaboyeva 26] According to the stability of their articulation English vowels may be divided into three groups: 1. 10 monophthongs: //, /e/, /æ/, /α:/, /:/, //, //, /s/, /ǝ:/, /ǝ/; 2. 9 diphthongs among which are: glides to /ǝ/ /eı, aǝ, ɔǝ/; glides to /u/ - /au/, /ǝu/; glides to /ǝ/-/ɔǝ, ǝ, uǝ, ǝǝ/; 3. 2 diphthongoids: /i:/, /u:/; Thus, the phonemic inventory of the English vowels includes 21 phonemes, among which the phoneme /ǝǝ/ is regarded as facultative or optional, owing to its substitution by the vowel /:/ in words like more /mǝǝ/, /mǝ:/, sore /sǝǝ/, /s0:/. Therefore /ǝǝ/ is often omitted from the inventory of English vowel phonemes [A.A. Abduazizov 107] The Uzbek vowels have relatively stable articulation. There are no diphthongs and diphthongoids in Uzbek. There are other differences in the articulation of the English and Uzbek vowels. For example, the Uzbek /i/ takes an intermediate position between the English /i:/ and /1/. In the articulation of the Uzbek /i/ the tongue takes a less frontal position than in the English /i:/ but is more frontal than in the English /1/. Such differences may be found in the X-ray pictures given below.[A.A.Abduazizov 108] Uzbek learners often encounter several difficulties when acquiring the English vowel system. To begin with, English contains a significantly larger number of vowel phonemes compared to Uzbek, including distinctions in vowel length, vowel quality (tense vs. lax), and numerous diphthongs. Since these categories do not exist in Uzbek, learners commonly replace unfamiliar English vowel sounds with the closest Uzbek equivalents, which leads to inaccurate pronunciation and reduced intelligibility. A major challenge involves the English long–short vowel contrast. Because Uzbek does not use vowel duration to distinguish meaning, learners frequently confuse pairs such as ship /ɪ/ and sheep /iː/. As a result, long vowels may be shortened, and short vowels may be lengthened unintentionally. This disrupts meaning and makes communication less precis INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 96 Another problem is the articulation of diphthongs. English requires gliding from one vowel position to another (for example, /eɪ/ in face, /aʊ/ in now), whereas Uzbek uses only monophthongs. Without proper training, Uzbek learners tend to simplify English diphthongs into single vowels, losing the necessary glide and producing non-native-like speech. Stress and intonation patterns further complicate the acquisition process. English employs variable stress, and unstressed syllables often reduce vowels to schwa /ə/, which does not exist in Uzbek. Learners may misplace stress and fail to reduce vowels accordingly, resulting in unnatural rhythm and decreased fluency. Additional difficulties arise from limited phonetic training and insufficient exposure to authentic spoken English. In many educational contexts, pronunciation is not emphasized, and learners may not receive ample practice with minimal pairs or listening discrimination tasks. Without regular exposure to natural English speech, it becomes difficult for learners to perceive subtle vowel contrasts. Psychological factors—such as lack of confidence, anxiety about making mistakes, or low motivation to practice difficult sounds—may also hinder progress. To sum up, it's worth noting that the grammar of English and Uzbek differs due to their respective classifications as analytical and synthetic languages. However, despite this distinction, we can still identify similarities in the morphological structure of similarities and differences of the system of the english vowel phonemes in english and uzbek languages in the examples provided above. REFERENCES 1. [1]. Erkaboyeva N. O'zbek tilidan ma'ruzalar to'plami. T.: “Akademnashr”, 2014 y. 432 p 2. [2]. A.A. Abduazizov English phonetics publishing house T "Musiqa" 2007 y. 258 p 3. [3]. Sobirov.T.- O’zbek tilining fonetikasi va fonologiyasi T:”Fan” 2008 4. [4]. Ladefoged, Peter – A course in Phonetics T:”Cengage” 2005 5. [5]. Catford. J.C. – A Practical Introduction to Phonetics T:”Oxford University Press” 2001