STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GAZOBETON

ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 2022-2.889, 20246.875 ResearchBib IF: 8.848 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-6 2710 STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GAZOBETON Tashkent State Transport University Qodirov Boxodir G'ayratjon o'g'li Annotation. A multi-porous structure is formed when special gas-forming substances are introduced into the mixture. The resulting concretions are mainly divided into two types: gazobeton and penobeton. Their difference is mainly manifested in the indicators of physical and mechanical properties and reliability in the operation process. The main difference between gazobetons and penobetons is seen, above all, in the method of formation.nnotation. A multi-porous structure is formed when special gas-forming substances are introduced into the mixture. The resulting concretions are mainly divided into two types: gazobeton and penobeton. Their difference is mainly manifested in the indicators of physical and mechanical properties and reliability in the operation process. The main difference between gazobetons and penobetons is seen, above all, in the method of formation. In gazobetons, pores are formed by the separation of hydrogen through a reaction with aluminum powder and cement or lime, while in penobeton they are dressing using ready-made foam. Therefore, gazobeton pores are uniform and small, while in penobeton pores can be of different sizes and irregular shapes. This condition also creates significant differences in their physical and mechanical performance. Keywords: multi-porous structure, gas, substances, concrete, gasobeton, penobeton, physicomechanical, cement, lime, porous. Gazobeton is an artificial light stone material made on the basis of hydraulic binders (Portland cement, lime), gas-forming additives and various fillers. Its main feature is its porous structure. A large part of the volume of gazobeton — 60% or more — will consist of small pores.Gazobeton is an artificial light stone material made on the basis of hydraulic binders (Portland cement, lime), gasforming additives and various fillers. Its main feature is its porous structure. A large part of the volume of gazobeton — 60% or more — will consist of small pores. For example, in a gazobeton with a density of 500 kg/m3, the proportion of pores can reach up to 70-75%. Such a multi-porous structure is formed when special gas-forming substances are introduced into the mixture. The resulting concretions are mainly divided into two types: gazobeton and penobeton. Their difference is mainly manifested in the indicators of physical and mechanical properties and reliability in the operation process. Even according to the processing technology, porpoises are classified into two groups: porpoises processed in an autoclave and those formed without an autoclave. Their quality and mineralogical composition differ dramatically. Significant changes occur in the mineral composition of gazobeton prepared by the autoclave method, which improves its physical and mechanical properties. For this reason, autoclave gazobeton technology has historically appeared much earlier and continues to be important today. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 2022-2.889, 20246.875 ResearchBib IF: 8.848 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-6 2711 According to historical sources, the earliest methods of production of gazobeton were formed in the late 19th century. For example, in 1880, Michaelis patented a porous concrete formed when a mixture of lime and sand was treated under autoclave conditions (at a pressure of 0.8 MPA, for 9-10 hours). These studies have shown that the autoclave preparation of gazobeton is much more technologically perfectccording to historical sources, the earliest methods of production of gazobeton were formed in the late 19th century. For example, in 1880, Michaelis patented a porous concrete formed when a mixture of lime and sand was treated under autoclave conditions (at a pressure of 0.8 MPA, for 9-10 hours). These studies have shown that the autoclave preparation of gazobeton is much more technologically perfect. As a result, it began to be used as a valuable material in the construction of high-rise buildings. However, the economic cost of concrete prepared in this way also increased construction costs. In 1889, a method of production of aerated concrete based on carbon dioxide (CO₂) was proposed by Gofman [23] in Prague. In this method, hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate reacted to form a gas HCl + NaHCO₃ → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂↑. On this basis, gazogip blocks and sheet products were prepared. Later, aluminum powder began to be widely used as a gas-forming substance. As a result of the reaction of aluminum with calcium hydroxide, which is released in cement hydration, hydrogen gas is released and many pores are formed inside the concrete mass: 3Ca(OH)₂ + 2Al + 6H₂O → 3CaO·Al₂O₃·6H₂O + 3H₂↑. The resulting gas is retained in the mixture, forming tiny cells in it. This ensures the lightness and isolational properties of the material. The main difference between gazobetons and penobetons is seen, above all, in the method of formation. In gazobetons, pores are formed by the separation of hydrogen through a reaction with aluminum powder and cement or lime, while in penobeton they are dressing using ready-made foam. Therefore, gazobeton pores are uniform and small, while in penobeton pores can be of different sizes and irregular shapes.he main difference between gazobetons and penobetons is seen, above all, in the method of formation. In gazobetons, pores are formed by the separation of hydrogen through a reaction with aluminum powder and cement or lime, while in penobeton they are dressing using ready-made foam. Therefore, gazobeton pores are uniform and small, while in penobeton pores can be of different sizes and irregular shapes. This condition also creates significant differences in their physical and mechanical performance. According to the production process, porridges are divided into types cooked in an autoclave and formed in addition to an autoclave. Gasobeton prepared in an autoclave is synthesized under the influence of high temperature and pressure, as a result of which increasingly stable mineral compounds are formed. This increases its mechanical durability, ability to withstand water and cold. In the case of an autoclave-free method, however, drying is carried out under normal conditions, and there is no fundamental change in mineralogical composition.ccording to the production process, porridges are divided into types cooked in an autoclave and formed in addition to an autoclave. Gasobeton prepared in an autoclave is synthesized under the influence of high temperature and pressure, as a result of which increasingly stable mineral compounds are formed. This increases its mechanical durability, ability to withstand water and cold. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 2022-2.889, 20246.875 ResearchBib IF: 8.848 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-6 2712 In the case of an autoclave-free method, however, drying is carried out under normal conditions, and there is no fundamental change in mineralogical composition. Therefore, autoclave gazobeton is considered much superior in terms of strength and service life. With regard to historical data, in the first half of the 20th century, the production of gazobeton in European countries has developed significantly. In Sweden, for example, the autoclave gazobeton industry was founded in 1929, and it became known as "Ytong". Later, production was also established in Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and other countries. And today gazobeton has become one of the main materials of the construction industry on different continents [24-26]. One of the distinctive dominant aspects of a porous concrete is its low density and high thermal insulation ability. For example, gazobeton walls with a density of 400-600 kg/m3 will greatly reduce the cost of additional heating in the country house of the building in a rural or urban setting. Even with low density, it has a normal strength and can be used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings.One of the distinctive dominant aspects of a porous concrete is its low density and high thermal insulation ability. For example, gazobeton walls with a density of 400-600 kg/m3 will greatly reduce the cost of additional heating in the country house of the building in a rural or urban setting. Even with low density, it has a normal strength and can be used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings. Also, its high vapor permeability ensures natural moisture exchange in buildings, which creates a favorable microclimate for human health. Another important advantage of gazobeton is its environmental friendliness and fire resistance. It does not contain harmful substances, due to which production also does not have a large negative impact on the environment. In terms of fire resistance, however, gazobeton can withstand temperatures up to 1000 °C and does not lose its properties. Since the middle of the last century, the production of gazobeton has also been widely established in the CIS countries. Special factories were established in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan and other republics. For example, in the 1990s in Ukraine, the preparation of thermoblocks with a density of 350-400 kg/m3 and a strength of 12-25 kg/cm2 was established, and they were used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings.ince the middle of the last century, the production of gazobeton has also been widely established in the CIS countries. Special factories were established in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan and other republics. For example, in the 1990s in Ukraine, the preparation of thermoblocks with a density of 350-400 kg/m3 and a strength of 12-25 kg/cm2 was established, and they were used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings. This shows that gazobeton has fully justified itself in practice as a reliable building material [24]. Special attention is paid to the use of cheap and local raw materials in the production of gazobeton. Because one of the main goals of the building materials industry is to reduce the cost of products and ensure energy efficiency. For this reason, in most cases quartz sand, Domna slag, various industrial waste are used as fillers. This breath is not only cost-effective, but also partially eliminates environmental problems.