Status of the SuperNEMO Experiment and physics objectives

Status of the SuperNEMO Experiment and physics objectives Maros Petro on behalf of the SuperNEMO Collaboration XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 29.9. –3.10.2025 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decays SuperNEMO Demonstrator Background Sensitivity to new physics OUTLINE 2 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay SuperNEMO Demonstrator Background Sensitivity to new physics OUTLINE 3 2𝜈𝛽𝛽:0𝜈𝛽𝛽: Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 4 Allowed in SM Measured for 11 isotopes Goal now precision measurements Possible new physics Two-neutrino double-beta decay 𝟐𝝂𝜷𝜷 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 5 Allowed in SM Measured for 11 isotopes Goal now precision measurements Possible new physics Two-neutrino double-beta decay 𝟐𝝂𝜷𝜷 Beyond SM physics Lepton Number violation Majorana vs Dirac Search ongoing Neutrinoless double-beta decay 𝟎𝝂𝜷𝜷 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 6 Signature of 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 is a 𝛿-peak in 𝑄𝛽𝛽 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 7 Signature of 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 is a 𝛿-peak in 𝑄𝛽𝛽 Most double beta experiments can measure only the sum of the two electrons’ energies → best signature for 𝟎𝝂𝜷𝜷 (light-neutrino exchange mechanism) Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 8 For different mechanisms, different ways to measure may be more optimal… Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 BSM Double beta decay 9 𝐄_𝐬𝐮𝐦 channel 𝐄_𝐢 channel 𝝋 channel Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 SuperNEMO Demonstrator - taking data 16 •Individual energy in OMs: 𝐸𝑖 •3D angle between tracks: 𝜑 •Vertex separation •ToF •Track length •Etc. For each event we measure Reconstructed tracks Triggered cell Triggered OM Reconstructed vertices 𝐸1 𝐸2 𝜑 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 SuperNEMO current status 17 SuperNEMO Status •Detector placed in LSM •Running in 𝜷𝜷 mode since 10th April! •Average duty cycle 𝟗𝟐% •Background data being assessed 10 April 2025 18:42:44 First 𝛽𝛽 candidate 3D event visualization Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Double beta decay SuperNEMO Demonstrator Background Sensitivity to new physics OUTLINE 18 Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Background - sources 19 • 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 • Foil contamination Internal background Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Background - sources 20 • 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 • Foil contamination Internal background • Detector contamination • Ambient (neutrons and gamma) • Radon gas External background Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Background - SuperNEMO shielding 21 Anti-radon tent Iron gamma shield PE neutron shield aim ~ 0.25 𝑐𝑡𝑠 in ROI @ 7.5 kg ⋅yr negligible aim ~ 0.65 𝑐𝑡𝑠 in ROI @ 7.5 kg ⋅yr Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Background - expectation 22 Expected 100k – 200k 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 events Wide ROI for 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 (2700 - 3100) keV Largest bkg. 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 and neutrons Bkg. index ~𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐜𝐭𝐬/(𝐤𝐞𝐕 ⋅𝐲𝐫 ⋅𝐤𝐠) supernemo preliminary Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Double beta decay SuperNEMO Demonstrator Background Sensitivity to new physics OUTLINE 23 supernemo preliminary Maros Petro | XXI Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Padova 2025 Sensitivity to new physics 24 Determine best data-cuts individually 1 Estimate the background in ROI 2 Estimate signal efficiency in ROI 3 Calculate sensitivity 4 𝐸sum spectrum: The traditional approach. 𝑇ൗ 12𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑇 ൗ 12(𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑙,𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑢) ∝ 𝜀 𝑓(𝑏) Goal is to find ROI that maximizes sensitivity supernemo preliminary 𝑙,𝑢 − lower and upper ROI boundary Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics - results 25 N-dimensional ROI optimization! Maximize signal-to-background ratio Across multiple variables simultaneously! i.e. 𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚, 𝐸𝑖, 𝜑, 𝑟,𝑃 𝑇𝑜𝐹 ∗→ 𝜃𝑖 Obtain an optimized set of data-cuts! 𝑇ൗ 12𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑇 ൗ 12(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) ∝ 𝜀(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) 𝑏(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) Find maximum Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics 32 Determine best data-cuts individually 1 Estimate the background in ROI 2 Estimate signal efficiency in ROI 3 Calculate sensitivity 4 𝐸sum spectrum: The traditional approach. 𝑇ൗ 12𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑇 ൗ 12(𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑙,𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑢) ∝ 𝜀 𝑓(𝑏) Goal is to find ROI that maximizes sensitivity supernemo preliminary 𝑙,𝑢 − lower and upper ROI boundary [1]F. Šimkovic et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW C 97, 034315 (2018) [2]O. Nitescu et al, Universe 2021, 7, 147 [3]Frank F. Deppisch et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 125 (2020) 171801 Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics 33 Thanks to the ability of SuperNEMO to measure full decay topology, we can study BSM decays in various ways! •SSD vs HSD •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝜉31,𝜉51 [1] Single-electron spectra •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝐾 𝜉31,𝜉51 [2] •𝜈𝑅𝜈𝐿𝛽𝛽 constraints [3] Angular distribution •Combining all variables Multivariate Escape angle between electrons [°] [1]F. Šimkovic et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW C 97, 034315 (2018) [2]O. Nitescu et al, Universe 2021, 7, 147 [3]Frank F. Deppisch et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 125 (2020) 171801 Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics 34 •SSD vs HSD •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝜉31,𝜉51 [1] Single-electron spectra •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝐾 𝜉31,𝜉51 [2] •𝜈𝑅𝜈𝐿𝛽𝛽 constraints [3] Angular distribution •Combining all variables Multivariate Escape angle between electrons [°] Thanks to the ability of SuperNEMO to measure full decay topology, we can study BSM decays in various ways! [1]F. Šimkovic et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW C 97, 034315 (2018) [2]O. Nitescu et al, Universe 2021, 7, 147 [3]Frank F. Deppisch et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 125 (2020) 171801 Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics 35 •SSD vs HSD •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝜉31,𝜉51 [1] Single-electron spectra •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝐾 𝜉31,𝜉51 [2] •𝜈𝑅𝜈𝐿𝛽𝛽 constraints [3] Angular distribution •Combining all variables Multivariate Escape angle between electrons [°] Thanks to the ability of SuperNEMO to measure full decay topology, we can study BSM decays in various ways! Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics 36 •SSD vs HSD •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝜉31,𝜉51 [1] Single-electron spectra •𝑔𝐴 analysis via 𝐾 𝜉31,𝜉51 [2] •𝜈𝑅𝜈𝐿𝛽𝛽 constraints [3] Angular distribution •Combining all variables Multivariate N-dimensional ROI optimization! [1]F. Šimkovic et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW C 97, 034315 (2018) [2]O. Nitescu et al, Universe 2021, 7, 147 [3]Frank F. Deppisch et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 125 (2020) 171801 Escape angle between electrons [°] Thanks to the ability of SuperNEMO to measure full decay topology, we can study BSM decays in various ways! Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics - results 37 N-dimensional ROI optimization! Maximize signal-to-background ratio Across multiple variables simultaneously! i.e. 𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑚, 𝐸𝑖, 𝜑, 𝑟,𝑃 𝑇𝑜𝐹 ∗→ 𝜃𝑖 Obtain an optimized set of data-cuts! 𝑇ൗ 12𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑇 ൗ 12(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) ∝ 𝜀(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) 𝑏(𝜃1 𝑙,𝜃1 𝑢,𝜃2 𝑙,𝜃2 𝑢,…) Find maximum Maros Petro | MEDEX'25 Prague Sensitivity to new physics - results 38 N-dimensional ROI optimization! •Possible ~16% increase •Depends on the process •The goal is to optimize for each process individually