3D Digitisation and Preservation – Survey Results from the NFDI4Culture Community
Abstract
One of the project goals of NFDI4Culture – Consortium for Research Data on Material and Immaterial Cultural Heritage and specifically the Task Area Data Publication and Availability (TA4) is the development of concepts for central long term preservation services to ensure a sustainable infrastructure. In particular, publications from cultural disciplines with 3D data are in the foreground. The requirements for developing a concept are the needs of producers, providers and administrators of research data. One measure of this needs assessment was the implementation of a survey on the creation, use and handling of 3D models, the results of which are discussed below.
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2 | 3D Digitisation and Preservation
3D Digitisation and Preservation Survey Results from the NFDI4Culture Community Jörg Heseler, Matthias Arnold, Alexandra Büttner and Simon Worthington Version: 1.0.0, December 2023 | 3
Published by: NFDI4Culture, Digital Publications and Data Working Group Last updated: 20231129 Created: 20231004 Language: English United Kingdom) Created by: Editorial Team 4 | 3D Digitisation and Preservation
Contents Survey results 7 Introduction 7 Analysis 7 1. Participants and disciplines 7 2. Digitisation methods 8 3. Digitised objects 9 4. Metadata schemas 9 5. Digitisation software 10 6. Capture hardware 11 7. Display devices for 3D data 12 8. 3D formats 12 9. 3D data viewing software 13 Conclusion and outlook 13 Appendix: Survey data 14 Acknowledgements 14 Imprint 16 | 5
Survey results Introduction One of the project goals of NFDI4Culture Consortium for Research Data on Material and Immaterial Cultural Heritage and specifically the Task Area Data Publication and Availability TA4 is the development of concepts for central long term preservation services to ensure a sustainable infrastructure. In particular, publications from cultural disciplines with 3D data are in the foreground. The requirements for developing a concept are the needs of producers, providers and administrators of research data. One measure of this needs assessment was the implementation of a survey on the creation, use and handling of 3D models, the results of which are discussed below. Analysis 1. Participants and disciplines This survey on 3D digitisation and long-term preservation was conducted during the NFDI4Culture Forum "3D objects: digitisation, presentation and preservation" in May 2022. This forum was jointly organized by the task areas Data capture and enrichment of digital cultural assets TA1 and Data publication and data availability TA4. The aim of the event was to support the exchange between 3D data providers and repository operators in order to identify needs and problems and to work together to solve them in the future. The main goal of this survey was to identify used file formats and metadata schemas in the 3D area used by the NFDI4Culture communities, i.e. media and music studies as well as architecture, art history and performing arts. Survey results | 7
Figure 1 Which discipline would you classify yourself as? First, we asked about the disciplines to which the respondents belong. Nine out of twenty participants 45% assigned themselves to NFDI4Culture disciplines. Of these, architecture was most frequently represented with 17.5%, followed by art studies with 15%, media studies with 10% and dance studies with 2.5%. Participants were able to assign themselves to several specialist areas. No other personal data was collected. 2. Digitisation methods Figure 2 Which methods do you use to digitise 3D objects? When asked which digitisation methods our participants used, photogrammetry was used fifteen times, followed by strip light methods eleven times, laser scanning methods nine times, as well as terrain models seven times, structure-from-motion SfM and computer tomography CT four times each, as well as terrestrial laser scanning TLS and Reflectance Transformation Imaging RTI twice each. Finally, the modeling of abstract models such as molecules but also the use of X-ray were mentioned once each. 8 | 3D Digitisation and Preservation
3. Digitised objects Figure 3 What are you digitising? Ordered by object size) With regard to the objects to be digitised, the variety in terms of size, material and surface structure was significant. Museum objects were frequently listed, from pottery to sculptures made from various materials such as ceramics or metal. Very large objects such as buildings and landscapes followed, which were mostly mentioned in connection with capture using stationary laser scanners or drones using photogrammetry methods. In addition to the previously mentioned modeled molecules, very small objects such as insects, fossils or even bones were also listed, for which CT or X-ray methods were mainly used. 4. Metadata schemas Figure 4 Which metadata schemas do you use? When asked about the metadata schemas used to describe the physical and digital objects, the XML schema Lightweight Information Describing Objects LIDO was mentioned twice and Dublin Core, Simple Knowledge Survey results | 9
Imprint NFDI4Culture Consortium for Research Data on Material and Immaterial Cultural Heritage, https://nfdi4culture.de/ Authors: Heseler, Jörg; ORCID iD 000000021497627X; Saxon State and University Library Dresden SLUB Dresden); ROR ID https://ror.org/03wf51b65 Arnold, Matthias; ORCID iD 0000000308766177; Ruprecht-KarlsUniversität Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek; ROR ID https://ror.org/038t36y30 Büttner, Alexandra; ORCID iD 0000000249500941; Ruprecht-KarlsUniversität Heidelberg, Universitätsbibliothek; ROR ID https://ror.org/038t36y30 Worthington, Simon; ORCID iD 0000000285799717; German National Library of Science and Technology TIB; ROR ID https://ror.org/04aj4c181 Citation: Heseler, Jörg; Arnold, Matthias; Büttner, Alexandra; & Worthington, Simon. 2023. 3D Digitisation and Preservation Survey Results from the NFDI4Culture Community. Digital Publications and Data Working Group NFDI4Culture). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033413. German version: Heseler, Jörg; Arnold, Matthias; Büttner, Alexandra; & Worthington, Simon. 2023. 3DDigitalisierung und Langzeitarchivierung – Umfrageergebnisse aus der NFDI4Culture Community. Arbeitsgruppe Digitale Publikationen und Daten NFDI4Culture). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8033536. 16 | 3D Digitisation and Preservation
HTML version: https://nfdi4culture.github.io/3d-digitisation-and-preservation/ German version: https://nfdi4culture.github.io/3d-digitalisierung-undlangzeitarchivierung/ Keywords: NFDI4Culture; survey; 3d model; 3d object; digital preservation; digitisation; research data; metadata scheme; file format Funding: NFDI4Culture and this research are funded by the German Research Foundation DFG under project number 441958017. DFG https://www.dfg.de/; ROR ID https://ror.org/018mejw64 Licenses: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. © Copyright of the texts: The Authors, 2023. Fonts: Inter. These fonts are licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. The Inter project is led by Rasmus Andersson. https://github.com/rsms/inter/ Playfair Display. These fonts are licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. Designer is Claus Eggers Sørensen. https://github.com/clauseggers/Playfair Roboto Slab. These fonts are licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Designer is Christian Robertson. https://github.com/googlefonts/robotoslab Technical information: ADA Semantic Publishing Pipeline: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/ADAsemantic-publishing Multi-format CSS theming: Interpunct.dev Imprint | 17