The first checklist of fungi known for Honduras: revealing taxonomic, geographical, and functional trends

93 The first checklist of fungi known for Honduras: revealing taxonomic, geographical, and functional trends Libelje Mortier1,2,3 , Ruben Vanhoomissen3, Lee Davies4, Paul M. Kirk4, Jose G. Maciá-Vicente5,6 , Meike Piepenbring7,8 , Danny Haelewaters1,3,8,9 1 BiologyCentreoftheCzechAcademyofSciences,InstituteofEntomology,37005ČeskéBudějovice,CzechRepublic 2 DepartmentofBotany,FacultyofScience,UniversityofSouthBohemia,37005ČeskéBudějovice,CzechRepublic 3 ResearchGroupMycology,DepartmentofBiology,GhentUniversity,9000Ghent,Belgium 4 RoyalBotanicGarden,Kew,RichmondTW93AE,Surrey,UK 5 DepartmentofMarineSciencesandAppliedBiology,UniversityofAlicante,Apto.99,03080Alicante,Spain 6 DepartmentofMicrobialEcology,NetherlandsInstituteofEcology(NIOO-KNAW),6700ABWageningen,TheNetherlands 7 MycologyResearchGroup,GoetheUniversityFrankfurtamMain,Biologicum,60438FrankfurtamMain,Germany 8 CentrodeInvestigacionesMicólogicas(CIMi),UniversidadAutónomadeChiriquí,FacultaddeCienciasNaturalesyExactas,ApartadoPostal0427,David,Panama 9 DepartmentofZoology,FacultyofScience,UniversityofSouthBohemia,37005ČeskéBudějovice,CzechRepublic Correspondingauthor:DannyHaelewaters(danny[email protected]) Copyright: © Libelje Mortier et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Checklist Abstract Fungi play pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Despite their ecological importance, fungal research remains limited, particularly in tropical regions. Many tropical countries, including Honduras, still lack a comprehensive fungal checklist. To address this gap, we compiled the first fungal checklist for Honduras by collating data from Index Fungorum, MyCoPortal, the Kew Data Portal, and published literature. The resulting dataset contains 1365 species across 4011 records, of which 96.6% are true fungi and 3.4% are fungus-like organisms. Among the true fungi, 69.8% belong to Basidiomycota and 29.4% to Ascomycota. A large percentage of the records refer to plant pathogens (42.4%), reflecting a relatively high number of phytopathological studies and a focus on fungal associations with plant species. Species accumulation curves indicate that all administrative divisions (departments) of Honduras remain understudied, as none have reached saturation. This checklist is a fundamental resource tool for fungal identification and conservation planning and contributes to a broader understanding of fungal biodiversity in the region. Key words: Biodiversity, Central America, conservation, ecology, Mesoamerica, mycology, species list, species richness Introduction Many global efforts to conserve and restore nature, including activities of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), rely for their policy recommendations on available scientific knowledge. International agreements such as the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) advocate for protecting all species from extinction, including hyper-diverse groups such as fungi (Fenu Academic editor: Pier Luigi Nimis Received: 19 August 2025 Accepted: 29 September 2025 Published: 5 December 2025 Citation: Mortier L, Vanhoomissen R, Davies L, Kirk PM, Maciá-Vicente JG, Piepenbring M, Haelewaters D (2025) The first checklist of fungi known for Honduras: revealing taxonomic, geographical, and functional trends. MycoKeys 126: 93–117. https://doi. org/10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 94 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras et al. 2015). However, relative to other kingdoms of life, fungi are often neglected due to a lack of data regarding fungal diversity, distribution, persistence, and ecological roles in various ecosystems as well as a general underestimation of their importance (Hortal et al. 2015; Martin et al. 2022). This lack of data can be attributed to (i) their generally cryptic nature, with fungal microorganisms occupying ecological niches in very specialized substrates (Rambold et al. 2013), (ii) the fact that many areas and niches that are often hotspots for fungal diversity remain underexplored (Aime and Brearley 2012), and (iii) the lack of funding for micro-organismal research projects (Guénard et al. 2025), among other reasons. As such, the number of IUCN Red List assessments of fungi is low in comparison to most other multicellular organisms. As of 13 January 2025, 857 fungal species were assessed by the IUCN, compared to 91,667 animal species and 73,558 plant species (IUCN 2025). The number of fungal assessments also pales in comparison to their predicted diversity, estimated at 2.5 million (Niskanen et al. 2023; Haelewaters et al. 2024). Tropical environments tend to exhibit higher levels of species richness and endemism in comparison to temperate regions (Smith et al. 2013; Bandala et al. 2016; Del Olmo-Ruiz et al. 2017; Mikryukov et al. 2023). Studies in Central America (Bermúdez and Sánchez 2000; Piepenbring 2007; Piepenbring et al. 2012) suggest that numerous fungal species remain undiscovered in tropical regions and biodiversity hotspots (Hawksworth and Lücking 2017). However, the number of extended fungal specimens from tropical regions is low in comparison to those from temperate regions (Lendemer et al. 2020; Quandt and Haelewaters 2021; Stallman et al. 2024a). Due to the lack of reference specimens and expertise, identifying and describing fungi from the tropics remain challenging (Piepenbring et al. 2020). Many tropical countries have no fungal species lists and have received little-to-no mycological attention, due to a lack of funding and infrastructure, among other reasons (Cazabonne et al. 2022). One such understudied country is Honduras, part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot (Myers et al. 2000), where mycological research has been scarce, even compared to other Central American countries. To illustrate, Del Olmo-Ruiz et al. (2017) found a bare 12 fungal records from neotropical cloud forests in Honduras, compared to 2289 from the same ecosystem in Mexico and 1540 in Costa Rica. This contrast underscores the potential for significant fungal discoveries in Honduras, if more research initiatives were undertaken, of which a fungal checklist would be a logical starting point. Piepenbring et al. (2020) presented a list of reasons as to why compiling fungal records into a unified database, i.e., a checklist of fungal species, is vital. A fungal checklist: (1) reveals the present state of mycology in an area; (2) is indispensable to decide whether fungal records are new for the area; (3) provides older (perhaps locally forgotten) names that may be revived by new collections; (4) helps to identify under sampled taxonomic and ecological groups as well as poorly explored geographical areas, and thereby yields arguments to justify (funding for) research projects; (5) gives the ability to compare diversity among regions and countries; and (6) helps to identify fungi collected in the area by providing possible names of species and references to literature for identification. The importance of species checklists is recognized under the 1992 Rio Convention on Biological Diversity, reinforcing their role in biodiversity characterization and management. A fungal checklist is essential to advance 95 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras fungal research in Honduras and to inform us on how to best handle challenges related to climate change and habitat loss. The urgency for fungal research and conservation in Honduras is high, as many areas in the country, even national parks, are subjected to alarming rates of habitat destruction (Martin et al. 2021). Deforestation resulting from logging is rampant in the Olancho Department, while the clearing of land for agriculture is prevalent in the La Mosquitia region. On a country scale, deforestation in 2016–2018 spanned 369.1 km2, with an average annual loss of 200 km2/year over the last decade (Interactive Country Fiches 2024). The coverage of mangrove swamps has continuously and rapidly decreased from 662.6 km2 in 1996 to 591.9 km2 in 2016 (Interactive Country Fiches 2024). A growing recognition of the utilitarian value of cloud forest ecosystems in Honduras, e.g., providing drinking water and preventing floods (IPBES 2019), resulted in the formal protection of all forests above an elevation of 1800 m a.s.l. in 1987 following the Cloud Forest Act (Act 87-1987) (Martin et al. 2021). However, without concrete conservation measures, these areas represent so-called paper parks without law-enforcing infrastructure (Martin and Blackburn 2009). For example, at least 20% of the core zone of Jeannette Kawas National Park has been lost due to expanding palm cultivation (DiBio 2017). The goal of this study is to compile and analyze fungal records for Honduras from the available literature. Specifically, this study aims to: (1) evaluate the current knowledge of fungal species diversity; (2) discuss this knowledge from systematic, geographic, and historical viewpoints; and (3) identify gaps that need to be filled by future research. Methods Study area Honduras is located in Central America and is bordered by Guatemala to the west, El Salvador and the Pacific Ocean (via the Gulf of Fonseca) to the south, Nicaragua to the east, and the Caribbean Sea to the north. Honduras is administratively divided into 18 departments: Atlántida, Choluteca, Colón, Comayagua, Copán, Cortés, El Paraíso, Francisco Morazán, Gracias a Dios, Intibucá, Islas de la Bahía, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Bárbara, Valle, and Yoro. The capital, Tegucigalpa, is situated in the Francisco Morazán Department, in the south-central region of the country. The climate in Honduras is tropical in the coastal lowlands with annual temperatures averaging 26 °C to 29 °C and becomes more temperate in the highlands where annual temperatures average 16 °C to 24 °C (Climate Change Knowledge Portal 2021). The average annual precipitation is lowest in the mountainous interior of the country (800–2000 mm) and highest at the Caribbean coast (≥2,000 mm). The Pacific coast and interior highlands have a dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October, while the Caribbean coast has rainfall throughout the year (Climate Change Knowledge Portal 2021). Honduras is home to a wide variety of ecosystems: rain forests, montane cloud forests, mangroves, savannas, mountain ranges with pine and oak trees, and the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. Honduras covers 112,492 km2 of which about 63,011 km2 comprises forests (approximately 56% of the nation- 96 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras al territory) (Interactive Country Fiches 2024). Forest cover (56%) is distributed as follows: 28.0% moist broadleaf forest, 17.3% coniferous forest, 10.3% deciduous broadleaf forest, and 0.5% mangrove forest. The territory is mostly mountainous, with slopes steeper than 30% and the mean elevation is 684 m a.s.l., with the highest peak being Cerro Las Minas, reaching 2878 m a.s.l. The country harbors an exceptionally high biodiversity, e.g., almost 8000 known species of plants, 276 reptiles, 153 amphibians, 771 birds, and 220 species of mammals, due to its location in the tropics and topographical conditions with a wide variety of niches (Interactive Country Fiches 2024). Main threats to Honduran biodiversity are habitat destruction and deterioration, ecosystem fragmentation, species overexploitation, exotic invasive species, and pollution (DiBio 2017; Martin et al. 2021; Interactive Country Fiches 2024). Collation of records and curation of the dataset To compile the checklist of fungi known for Honduras, we used the following sources: scientific literature and three databases, i.e., the Mycology Collections data Portal (MyCoPortal), the Kew Data Portal, and Index Fungorum. Publications were found by searching Web of Science for the following terms: “Honduras” + “fungi”. We also searched for publications referencing Honduras or Central America in Lindau and Sydow (1908). Fungal records from MyCoPortal were downloaded after searching all available collections for specimens from Honduras (Locality Criteria: Country “Honduras”). The Kew Data Portal (http://data.kew. org/) was searched for Honduran collections deposited at the Kew Fungarium and digitized up to that date (25 October 2022). Finally, a list of species described based on material from Honduras was obtained from Index Fungorum (2025). Duplicates were detected based on the record number (a number assigned by a given collector to a specific specimen) and subsequently deleted. Author names were standardized manually (e.g., “P.C. Standlay” to “P.C. Standley”). Scientific names were checked manually for completeness, typos, and taxonomic accuracy. Index Fungorum (2025) was used as a reference for fungal names. Locality resolution was chosen to be at the level of department, as many records did not provide more detailed information. Classification data were extracted from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Taxonomy Database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy) and included the taxid number and taxonomic categories from kingdom to species. When the automatic search did not result in all additional information, it was added manually following the classification from Index Fungorum (2025). Only records identified up to the level of genus or species were retained. The final checklist (see Suppl. material 1) contains information for records of fungi and fungus-like organisms in Honduras in an Excel file, including taxonomy, locality, and record contexts. Analyses Analyses were performed in R version 4.3.3 (R Core Team 2024). A Krona plot to visualize the taxonomic composition of the dataset was built using the “KronaTools” package (Ondov et al. 2011). A summary of the ecological guilds, based on genus-level occurrences, was constructed and data about the particular 97 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras guild of each record were extracted from the FungalTraits database (Põlme et al. 2020). Species accumulation curves for every department were made in R using the rarecurve function of the “vegan” package version 2.6.4 (Oksanen et al. 2022). To illustrate the species richness through space, the richness for each department was plotted onto the country map of Honduras using QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2025). The following packages were used for additional analyses: “ggplot2” version 3.5.1 (Wickham 2016), “ggthemes” version 5.1.0 (Arnold 2024), “reshape2” version 1.4.4 (Wickham 2007), “sf” version 1.0.16 (Pebesma 2018; Pebesma and Bivand 2023), “RColorBrewer” version 1.1.3 (Neuwirth 2022), “dplyr” version 1.1.4 (Wickham et al. 2023), and “tidyr” version 1.3.1 (Wickham et al. 2024). Species richness estimators, Bootstrap (Efron 1979; Colwell and Coddington 1994), Jackknife 1 (Burnham and Overton 1978), and Chao1 (Chao 1984) were tested using the “specpool” function of the “vegan” package version 2.6.4 (Oksanen et al. 2022). Raw data are available online at https://github.com/dannyhaelewaters/haelewaters-group/tree/main/Honduras_checklist_of_fungi_2025. Results A total of 4011 records representing 1365 species are included in the checklist of fungi known for Honduras. Of those records, 3782 originate from MyCoPortal, 70 from Index Fungorum, 65 from Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, and 94 from the literature (spanning 35 papers). All records are accompanied by source information, indicating the origin of collection (MyCoPortal, Index Fungorum, Kew Data Portal, or published literature). Many records also include the locality (at the department level), collector information, and the year of sampling. A smaller subset of records contains additional metadata, including a collector’s number, detailed locality, and identifier information. A temporal increase is observed in both the number of fungal records (sampling effort) and fungal species detected in Honduras over the last 100 years (Fig. 1A). For 206 records the year is unknown; these were excluded from this analysis. Three steep increases in sampling effort can be detected as well as a similar but less pronounced pattern for observed species richness. The first records from Honduras date back as far as the second half of the 19th century and were made by the botanist J.A. Hjalmarson. A small number of records were made between 1900 and 1920 by M.E. Peck and P. Willson. The period between 1923 and 1928 marks the first steep increase in sampling effort, mainly caused by the activities of three botanists: M.A. Carleton, P.C. Standley, and O.A. Reinking (Fig. 1A). The collectors identified above contributed a high number of records to the checklist; M.E. Peck, P. Willson, M.A. Carleton, P.C. Standley, and O.A. Reinking added 72, 47, 44, 1178, and 246 collections, respectively, placing them among the top 15 collectors (Fig. 1B). The second and largest increase in fungal sampling effort is observed around the 1940s–1950s, which coincides with the establishment of the Escuela Agrícola Panamericana (Zamorano University, est. 1942). Indeed, most records from this period are from the Francisco Morazán Department where Zamorano University is located. From then onwards, fungal sampling effort rises steadily, with a third steep increase initiating between 2012 and 2022. This can potentially be attributed to an increase in public interest in fungal biodiversity and to the inclusion of research-grade observations in the field uploaded to databases such as iNaturalist. 98 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras A B CD Standley, P.C. Muller, A.S. Reinking, O.A. van den Berghe, E. Grant, T.J. Alexopoulos, C.J. Collector rank Number of records seiceps fo rebmun evitalumuccA seiceps / sdrocer fo rebmuN Species richness 0 550 Gracias a Dios Colón Olancho El Paraíso Yoro Atlántida Copán Santa Bárbara Comayagua Cortés Francisco Morazán Lempira Ocotepeque Intibucá La Paz Valle Santa Bárbara Valle Yoro Islas de la Bahía La Paz Lempira Ocotepeque Olancho Cortés El Paraíso Francisco Morazán Gracias a Dios Intibucá Atlántida Choluteca Colón Comayagua Copán 1 10 10010001 10 10010001 10 1001000 1 10 10010001 10 100 100 0 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 subsample eulav sample Atlántida Choluteca Colón Comayagua Copán Cortés El Paraíso Francisco Morazán Gracias a Dios Intibucá Islas de la Bahía La Paz Lempira Ocotepeque Olancho Santa Bárbara Valle Yoro Number of records (sampling effort) Year Figure 1. Analyses of species and records compiled in the checklist of fungi known for Honduras. A. The cumulative number of fungal records and species recorded through time; B. Rank abundance curve showing the number of records per collector. Names of the collectors with highest number of Honduran records in the checklist are indicated; C. Species accumulation curves for the 18 departments of Honduras. The accumulative number of species for each department is plotted in relation to the number of records; D. Map of Honduras and its departments indicating the recorded species richness per department. Species accumulation curves for the different departments of Honduras do not show saturation for any department, indicating that fungal documentation remains incomplete across all regions (Fig. 1C). As no extrapolation was carried out, some accumulation curves are shorter than others due to a low number of records in certain departments. In this study, a higher species richness is more likely a reflection of greater sampling effort rather than actual species diversity. The highest species richness in a department (Fig. 1D) is documented for Francisco Morazán (564 species, 1458 records), followed by Atlántida (399 species, 1034 records) and El Paraíso (112 species, 157 records). For Colón and Gracias a Dios, only 10 and 12 records (twice representing 8 species), respectively, have been reported to date. There is no locality information for 586 records; these records were excluded from this visualization. Species richness estimates for all departments are very tentative, showing high standard errors resulting from low sampling – both in the number of species and number of records (see Suppl. material 2). Among the 4011 records in the fungal checklist, 96.6% refer to true fungi, 2.9% to Eumycetozoa (Amoebozoa), and 0.5% to species of Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae (Oomycota) (Fig. 2A). Of all records of fungi sensu stricto (s.s.), i.e., without slime molds and other fungus-like organisms, 69.8% belong 99 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras to Basidiomycota and 29.4% to Ascomycota. Records encompass six phyla, 25 classes, 83 orders, 236 families, 527 genera, and 1304 species of fungi s.s. The highest number of records come from the classes Agaricomycetes (43.7%), Pucciniomycetes (24.6%), Sordariomycetes (14.4%), Dothideomycetes (6.6%), and Lecanoromycetes (4.1%) (Fig. 2B). An interactive version of the Krona plot (Fig. 2C) can be accessed in the Suppl. material (see Suppl. material 3). Agaricomycetes represents 62.7% of all Basidiomycota records and is the most abundant class in this phylum, followed by Pucciniomycetes with 35.3% of records (Fig. 3A). Similarly, Sordariomycetes represents 48.9% of all Ascomycota records and is thus the most abundant class in the phylum, followed by Dothideomycetes with 22.4% of records (Fig. 3B). Conversely, Geoglossomycetes, Orbiliomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Taphrinomycetes have only one record each in the checklist. Of all records of fungi s.s., 27.8% belong to two Figure 2. Diversity of fungi known for Honduras based on numbers of records. A. By phylum (fungi sensu lato); B. By class (fungi sensu stricto); C. Snapshot of the Krona plot, presenting the taxonomic distribution of records of fungi s.l. 2.9 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.5 % 0.2 % 67.4% 28.4% 43.7% 14.4% 24.6% 6.6% AB C Fungi 100 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras Figure 3. Taxonomic diversity of the records of fungi in the checklist for Honduras. A. Within Basidiomycota; B. Within Ascomycota. Number of records sdrocer fo rebmuN ClassClass AB orders within Agaricomycetes: Polyporales (15.4%) and Agaricales (12.4%). These orders contain several of the typical mushroom-forming species commonly known among the public. Among the genera with the most records in the checklist is Puccinia, representing 11.4% of fungal records from Honduras. Taxa of macrofungi (e.g., Amanita, Coprinellus, Mycena) and some plant pathogens (e.g., Cercospora, Phyllachora) are relatively well studied, whereas those less well studied tend to be less conspicuous fungi (including Chytridiomycota and Oomycota) and fungi not recognized as important in applied context. Among the 1365 species of fungi sensu lato (s.l.) reported for Honduras, 711 species (52.1%) are reported once, 266 species (19.5%) are reported twice, and 98 species (7.2%) are reported thrice (Fig. 4A). The most frequently recorded species are Calostoma cinnabarinum (77 records), Lactarius indigo (38 records), and Schizophyllum commune (36 records, Fig. 5A). In addition to these three species, only Aseroe rubra (Fig. 5D), Cerrena hydnoides, Coprinellus disseminatus, Coriolopsis occidentalis, Fabisporus sanguineus, and Puccinia urbaniana are reported ≥30 times in the checklist. Figure 4. Records-based overview of the most frequently reported fungal species and ecological strategies in Honduras. A. Rank abundance curve showing the number of records per species. Species ranks are presented in logarithmic scale. Names of the most frequently reported species are indicated; B. Fungi grouped according to lifestyle based on FungalTraits data (Põlme et al. 2020). Lactarius indigo Schizophyllum commune Aseroe rubra Calostoma cinnabarinum Cerrena hydnoides A B 42.4% 27.1% 9.7% 6.2% 4.6% 4.5% sdrocer fo rebmuN Species rank 101 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras Figure 5. Fungi from Honduras. A. Schizophyllum commune; B. Hydnellum sp.; C. Beauveria caledonica; D. Aseroe rubra; E. Chlorociboria sp.; F. Xeromphalina enigmatica; G. Calostoma sp.; H. A species of Gomphaceae; I. Lentinus crinitus; J. Erioscyphella brasiliensis; K. Hymenochaete cinnamomea; L. Trechispora hondurensis. All photos were taken in Cusuco National Park, located in northwestern Honduras. For 3798 of the 4011 records in the checklist, the ecological guild is recorded in the FungalTraits database (Põlme et al. 2020) with guild assignment based on genus level. Thus, 213 records were excluded from this analysis. The majority of records, 42.4% (n = 1610), are classified as plant pathogens, followed 108 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Use of AI No use of AI was reported. Funding This work is supported in part by a Lumina Quaeruntur Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant agreement LQ200962501 to D.H.), a travel grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, K216124N to D.H.), and a 2022 Postdoctoral Forest Fungal Ecology Research Award of the Mycological Society of America (to D.H.). Author contributions Conceptualization: D.H. Methodology, Visualization: L.M., R.V., and J.G.M.V. Investigation: L.M., R.V., L.D., and P.M.K. Data Curation: L.M. and R.V. Writing – Original draft: L.M. Writing – Review & Editing: L.M., J.G.M.V., M.P., and D.H. Supervision, Funding Acquisition: D.H. Author ORCIDs Libelje Mortier https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6995-7239 Lee Davies https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9361-2651 Paul M. Kirk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-7338 Jose G. Maciá-Vicente https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-7270 Meike Piepenbring https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-5769 Danny Haelewaters https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-0834 Data availability Raw data are available online at https://github.com/dannyhaelewaters/haelewaters-group/tree/main/Honduras_checklist_of_fungi_2025. References Aime MC, Brearley FQ (2012) Tropical fungal diversity: Closing the gap between species estimates and species discovery. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 2177–2180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0338-7 Ainsworth GC (1981) Introduction to the History of Plant Pathology. 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The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230.suppl1 117 MycoKeys 126: 93–117 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230 Libelje Mortier et al.: First fungal checklist of Honduras Supplementary material 2 Species richness estimates Authors: Libelje Mortier, Ruben Vanhoomissen, Lee Davies, Paul M. Kirk, Jose G. Maciá-Vicente, Meike Piepenbring, Danny Haelewaters Data type: pdf Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230.suppl2 Supplementary material 3 Interactive Krona plot Authors: Libelje Mortier, Ruben Vanhoomissen, Lee Davies, Paul M. Kirk, Jose G. Maciá-Vicente, Meike Piepenbring, Danny Haelewaters Data type: html Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.126.169230.suppl3