Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention

Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 887 International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Online ISSN-2958-3683 | Print ISSN-2958-3675 Frequency: Bi-Monthly Available online on: https://ijmpr.in/ Original Article Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention Dr. Vinay Tiwari1, Dr. Ranvijay Singh2, Dr. D K Singh3, Dr. Anju Singh4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine, RDASMC Ayodhya, India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine, RDASMC Ayodhya, India. 3Professor and Head, Department of Transfusion Medicine, RDASMC Ayodhya, India. 4Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine, RDASMC Ayodhya, India. A B S T R A C T Corresponding Author: Dr. Ranvijay Singh Associate Professor, Department of Transfusion Medicine, RDASMC Ayodhya, India. Received: 25‐10‐2025 Accepted: 17‐11‐2025 Available online: 28‐11‐2025 Introduction: Blood transfusions can improve a patient's health and save lives, but many patients do not have timely access to safe blood. Replacement or paid donors make up over half of the blood supply in many countries, but voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRBD) is the safest. Objective: This study assesses the attitude of blood donors and analyzes myths, misconceptions, and motivational factors to promote regular voluntary donation. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study involved 1550 healthy blood donors recruited over 12 months at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, KGMU Lucknow. A pre-tested validated questionnaire assessed attitude (9 questions), myths and misconceptions (16 questions), and motivation factors (10 questions). Participation was voluntary with assured confidentiality. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 with appropriate statistical tests, including T-test and chi-square, applied for descriptive and inferential analyses. Results: 52% of respondents voluntarily donated blood 54% preferred mobile van donation.45% considered blood donation a national duty. Common motivational factors included testing for infectious diseases (57.9%) and appeals via media or famous persons (55.4%).Many misconceptions persist, such as blood donation leading to weight loss (61.5%), infection risks (56.3%), infertility (52.8%), weakness/anemia (53.0%), and accelerated aging (53.6%).Positive attitude correlated significantly with age, sex, occupation, religion, marital status, and education.Female donors and older age groups showed more negative attitudes. Conclusion: Less than half of the respondents donated previously, indicating low awareness. Among donors, retention was low, with approximately half donating only once. Awareness on blood groups, age and weight eligibility, and interdonation intervals was generally low. The findings suggest a need to improve donor recruitment and retention strategies, including education on benefits and dispelling myths to build a sustainable voluntary blood donor base. Copyright © International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Keywords: Blood Donation, Voluntary Non‐Remunerated Blood Donation, Attitude, Myths and Misconceptions, Donor Motivation, Donor Retention. INTRODUCTION Blood transfusions improve patient health and save lives, yet many patients lack access to safe blood timely. Replacement or paid donors provide more than half of the blood supply in most countries. Adults are an important source not only for blood but for spreading health awareness. Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRBD) is the safest form. Replacement donors have higher rates of infections such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, and syphilis compared to VNRBD donors. Perceptions of voluntary donation are influenced by socio-demographic variables and knowledge. Fear for personal safety is a major deterrent to donating blood However, replacement or paid donors account for more than half of the blood supply in the majority of countries. Adults are a potential source of great interest, not only because of the blood they could provide, but also because of the information Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 888 on the subject of "giving blood," which could promote the spread of healthy lifestyles and increased awareness of one's own health, as well as contribute to the development of the population.1 The safest type of blood donation is voluntary nonremunerated blood donation (VNRBD). Replacement blood donors have higher HIV, HBsAg, HCV, and syphilis seropositivity than VNRBD donors.2 The general public's perceptions of voluntary blood donation could be influenced to a large extent by socio-demographic variables of knowledge. The safety of an individual is a major factor that deters them from donating.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of blood donors by questionnaire regarding blood donation process and myths and misconceptions related to it and to analyse factors which will motivate donors to becomes regular voluntary blood donors. A cross-sectional prospective study was done on 1550 healthy blood donors and was based on a well-structured validated and pre-tested questionnaire. All the donors who fulfilled the criteria as per drug and cosmetic act 2020 were recruited in the study in department of transfusion medicine KGMU Lucknow over a span of 12 month. Brief description was given to the participants about the objective of this study and confidentiality in collection of personal data was assured. All the relevant data so collected was entered in the master chart and analyzed using appropriate statistical procedure and software (SPSS) version23. Descriptive statistical evaluation and statistical significance was evaluated by T-test/ chi-square test as applicable. In our study 9 questions to assess attitude,16 questions to assess myths and misconception; and 10 questions to assess motivation in blood donors to become regular blood donors. RESULTS The donors were told about the study being undertaken and were assured of proper confidentiality of their answers. They were told about the basic model of the study and the kind of questions they were to be asked. After confirming that they completely understood the study they were going to be a part of, their consent was taken and proper signature of the participant was taken. Thereafter, they were provided with the prepared questionnaire and each response was noted. All the responses were compiled and the following observations were noted: Table – 1: Distribution of Cases according to Demographic Variables Variable No. % Age 18 - 30 yr 625 40.3 31 - 40 yr 349 22.5 41 - 50 yr 230 14.8 51 - 60 yr 287 18.5 > 60 yr 59 3.8 Sex Male 1139 73.5 Female 411 26.5 Occupation Business 90 5.8 Farmer 117 7.5 Govt Job 325 21.0 Pvt Job 342 22.1 Housewife 290 18.7 Professional 32 2.1 Unemployed 265 17.1 Student 89 5.7 RELIGION Hindu 1328 85.7 Muslim 222 14.3 Marital Status Married 1087 70.1 Unmarried 463 29.9 Education Illiterate 420 27.1 High School 187 12.1 Intermediate 178 11.5 Graduate 765 49.4 Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 889 Fig no. 2Bar graph showing distribution of cases according to various demographic variables In Table no. 1, Majority of the respondents belong to the age group 18-30 yr (40.3%) followed by the age group 31-40yr (22.5%). This shows that the major target population for the government agencies should be the younger population especially the college going population as they can be nicely motivated to become regular donors and they will be providing a good number of donors for a long duration till they reach 65 years of age. Among them 73.5% were males while 26.5% were females which indicates that the general notion is that males are healthier and are more likely to donate blood than the female population. The major occupations were Government Job (21.0%) and Private Job (21.1%). Out of 1550 respondents, 85.7% were Hindus and 14.3% were Muslim. This proportion is almost similar to the general proportion of Hindus and Muslims in the population. The proportion of married and unmarried was 70.1% & 29.9% respectively. Further majority of cases were graduates (49.4%) followed by illiterate (27.1%). This implies that education in general does have a positive impact on the willingness of the population to donate blood. Table – 2: Distribution of Cases according to Attitude about Blood Donation Attitude No. % Have you donated blood voluntarily No 716 46.2 Yes 806 52.0 Not sure 28 1.8 Do you prefer donating blood in mobile van No 665 42.9 Yes 837 54.0 Not sure 37 2.4 wrong answer 11 .7 Do you think blood donation is a National duty No 690 44.5 Yes 700 45.2 Not sure 111 7.2 wrong answer 49 3.2 Do you think blood donation is a Religious duty No 746 48.1 Yes 662 42.7 Not sure 101 6.5 wrong answer 41 2.6 Is blood donation good for health No 646 41.7 Yes 822 53.0 Not sure 59 3.8 wrong answer 23 1.5 Would you like to donate blood in future No 696 44.9 Yes 810 52.3 Not sure 44 2.8 If no why AFRAID 242 15.6 AOR 177 11.4 ILL 259 16.7 Would you like to donate blood to only family members /friends No 659 42.5 Yes 783 50.5 Not sure 80 5.2 wrong answer 28 1.8 Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 890 Would you like to donate blood to strangers in need of blood No 773 49.9 Yes 642 41.4 Not sure 85 5.5 wrong answer 50 3.2 Fig no. 1Pie chart showing attitude level of participants Table no. 2 shows that out of 1550 respondents, 52.0% donated blood voluntarily, 54.0% preferred donating blood in mobile van and 45.0% felt that blood donation is a national duty. The general attitude of the respondents towards blood donation seemed positive. The number of voluntary donors was only half on the respondents. This percentage if extrapolated to the total population of India points toward one of the reasons as to why there is continuous shortage of blood and blood products at most of the blood centers; this shortage can easily be overcome if the number of voluntary blood donors increase. Other attitude items showing positivity among more than 50% people were ‘blood donation is good for health’ (53.0%), would like to donate in future (52.3%), would like to donate blood only to family members/relatives (50.5%) Table – 3: Distribution of Cases according to Motivation regarding blood donation Variable No. % donating blood to help family or friend in need by your donation No 686 44.3 Yes 782 50.5 Not sure 64 4.1 wrong answer 18 1.2 donate blood to get Money/gift/fruity/ refreshment after blood donation No 728 47.0 Yes 743 47.9 Not sure 50 3.2 wrong answer 29 1.9 donate blood to get your HIV/Hepatitis/ syphilis malaria status tested No 557 35.9 Yes 897 57.9 Not sure 87 5.6 wrong answer 9 .6 donate blood on appeals done on radio, television or by famous person No 609 39.3 Yes 858 55.4 Not sure 64 4.1 wrong answer 19 1.2 It is ok to get reminder to donate when there is a shortage of blood in blood center No 761 49.1 Yes 662 42.7 Not sure 68 4.4 wrong answer 59 3.8 Table no 3 shows that out of 1550 respondents, 50.5% accepted that ‘donating blood to help family or friend in need’ was a major motivation factor. This group of donors comprise the replacement donors who constitute the major percentage of donors. Targeting this group can push them towards becoming regular voluntary donors. The motivations showed by more Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 891 than 50% people were ‘donate blood to get your HIV/Hepatitis/syphilis malaria status tested’ (57.9%) and donate blood on appeals done on radio, television or by famous person (55.4%). Table – 4: Distribution of Cases according to Knowledge of blood donors regarding myths and misconceptions in regular blood donation Variable No. % blood donation a painful procedure No 636 41.0 Yes 885 57.1 Not sure 29 1.9 Diabetic person can donate blood No 616 39.7 Yes 742 47.9 Not sure 136 8.8 wrong answer 56 3.6 Blood donation lead to weight loss No 536 34.6 Yes 954 61.5 Not sure 49 3.2 wrong answer 11 .7 There is risk of getting infections like HIV, Hepatitis, malaria syphilis from donation No 615 39.7 Yes 872 56.3 Not sure 46 3.0 wrong answer 17 1.1 donors can donate blood after taking antibiotics No 710 45.8 Yes 670 43.2 Not sure 108 7.0 wrong answer 62 4.0 donors can donate blood after taking pain killers No 706 45.5 Yes 631 40.7 Not sure 176 11.4 wrong answer 37 2.4 Can participate in sports/ other physical activities after blood donation No 706 45.5 Yes 774 49.9 Not sure 57 3.7 wrong answer 13 .8 think that there is limited blood in body and you will get unhealthy after donation No 660 42.6 Yes 787 50.8 Not sure 82 5.3 wrong answer 21 1.4 think that overweight people are healthier and have more blood volume to donate No 571 36.8 Yes 898 57.9 Not sure 50 3.2 wrong answer 31 2.0 think that blood can be manufactured artificially No 795 51.3 Yes 668 43.1 Not sure 57 3.7 wrong answer 30 1.9 blood can be stored forever No 738 47.6 Yes 663 42.8 Not sure 95 6.1 wrong answer 54 3.5 donations from international travelers accepted No 606 39.1 Yes 760 49.0 Not sure 123 7.9 wrong answer 61 3.9 think that blood donation will lead to infertility No 646 41.7 Yes 818 52.8 Not sure 56 3.6 wrong answer 30 1.9 think that blood donation will lead to weakness/anemia No 601 38.8 Yes 821 53.0 Not sure 100 6.5 wrong answer 28 1.8 Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 892 think that blood donation will lead to fainting No 700 45.2 Yes 814 52.5 Not sure 18 1.2 wrong answer 18 1.2 think that blood donation will lead to accelerated ageing No 662 42.7 Yes 831 53.6 Not sure 39 2.5 wrong answer 18 1.2 As shown in table no. 4, we can see that out of 1550 respondents, 57.1% believed that blood donation is a painful procedure. This is a relatively high percentage and proper counselling along with good behaviour of the staff during and after the donation process can alleviate the fear of needles in the population. The myths and misconceptions showed by more than 50% people were ‘blood donation leads to weight loss’ (61.5%), 56.3% believed that there is a risk of getting infections like HIV, Hepatitis, 57.9% think that overweight people are healthier and have more blood volume to donate, 52.8% believe that blood donation will lead to infertility,53% think that blood donation will lead to weakness/anaemia, 52.5% think that blood donation will lead to fainting, while 53.6% believed that blood donation will lead to accelerated ageing. Some of the myths like fainting and weakness which may be seen in some donors may lead to apprehension among them, and these must be tackled so that the fear may be addressed. Table – 5: Distribution of Cases according to Factors which will motivate blood donors to becomes regular voluntary blood donors Variable No. % know that blood donation will decrease your cholesterol levels which is a risk factor to heart decease No 708 45.7 Yes 672 43.4 Not sure 130 8.4 wrong answer 40 2.6 motivate your parents/seniors/friends/peer group to donate blood No 582 37.5 Yes 911 58.8 Not sure 51 3.3 wrong answer 6 .4 know that after blood donation blood testing will be done free of cost on your blood No 661 42.6 Yes 852 55.0 Not sure 18 1.2 wrong answer 19 1.2 think that good attitude of staff will motivate you for repeat blood donation No 602 38.8 Yes 844 54.5 Not sure 69 4.5 wrong answer 35 2.3 know that new red cells start forming after blood donation No 537 34.6 Yes 1013 65.4 In table no. 5, Out of 1550 respondents, 43.4% know that blood donation will decrease your cholesterol levels which is a risk factor to heart decease. The motivations factors showed by more than 50% people were ‘motivate your parents/seniors/friends/peer group to donate blood’ (58.8%), ‘know that after blood donation blood testing will be done free of cost on your blood’ (55.0%), ‘think that good attitude of staff will motivate you for repeat blood donation’ (54.5%) and ‘know that new red cells start forming after blood donation’ (65.4%). All these factors are good motivating factors and a person who might come as a replacement donor for the first time might be persuaded to donate again after understanding these benefits of blood donation. Table – 6: Association of Attitude Level with Socio-Demographic Variables Variable Attitude Level chi sq p-value < 33% 33 % - 66% > 66% N % N % N % Age 18 - 30 yr 199 31.8% 313 50.1% 113 18.1% 88.44 <0.001 31 - 40 yr 76 21.8% 185 53.0% 88 25.2% 41 - 50 yr 29 12.6% 119 51.7% 82 35.7% 51 - 60 yr 86 30.0% 164 57.1% 37 12.9% > 60 yr 27 45.8% 32 54.2% 0 0.0% SEX Male 274 24.1% 629 55.2% 236 20.7% 19.25 <0.001 Female 143 34.8% 184 44.8% 84 20.4% occupation Business 9 10.0% 59 65.6% 22 24.4% 134.68 <0.001 Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 893 Farmer 51 43.6% 28 23.9% 38 32.5% Govt Job 88 27.1% 185 56.9% 52 16.0% Pvt Job 104 30.4% 176 51.5% 62 18.1% Housewife 105 36.2% 111 38.3% 74 25.5% Professional 0 0.0% 17 53.1% 15 46.9% Unemployed 41 15.5% 177 66.8% 47 17.7% Student 19 21.3% 60 67.4% 10 11.2% RELIGION Hindu 345 26.0% 693 52.2% 290 21.8% 9.46 0.009 Muslim 72 32.4% 120 54.1% 30 13.5% MARRIED Married 295 27.1% 540 49.7% 252 23.2% 16.77 <0.001 Unmarried 122 26.3% 273 59.0% 68 14.7% Education Illiterate 99 23.6% 213 50.7% 108 25.7% 20.91 0.002 High School 50 26.7% 104 55.6% 33 17.6% Intermediate 55 30.9% 76 42.7% 47 26.4% Graduate 213 27.8% 420 54.9% 132 17.3% Fig no 2Bar graph showing association of attitude level among the participants according to various socio-demographic variables As seen in fig no 1 we can see that the attitude was more or less fair (33%-66%) among all age groups. Highest percentage of participants having good attitude towards voluntary blood donation was seen in the age group of 41-50 years (35.7%). While the highest percentage of participants showing poor attitude belonged to the age group of >60 years (45.8%). Females had higher percentage of participants having poor attitude (34.8%) than males (24.1%). Among the various occupations, farmers had the highest number of participants with poor attitude (43.6%) while the professionals had the highest percentage of participants with good attitude toward voluntary blood donation (49.6%). More percentage of Muslims (32.4%) had poor attitude toward blood donation than Hindus (26%). Percentage of participants having fair attitude towards blood donation was almost similar amongst Hindus and Muslims. Attitude amongst the married participants was better than the unmarried participants. Attitude levels amongst the participants were more or less similar in different education groups. Summing up, table no.10 indicates that the attitude level showed significant association with Age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), religion(p<0.009), marital status (p<0.001) and education (p=0.002). DISCUSSION In our study Out of 1550 respondents, 52.0% donated blood voluntarily and they donate blood at regular time interval. Study by Amit Agrawal et al showed 84% men had donated previously while only 13% women had donated previously. However, in a study done by salami et al only 30.1% respondents had donated blood previously. Studies done by Durgesh et al5 and Sushant et al6 showed that 47.7% and 43.3% respectively had donated blood previously. 54.0% preferred donating blood in mobile van and 45.0% think that blood donation is a national duty. Other attitude items that showed positivity among more than 50% people were ‘blood donation was good for health’ (53.0%), likely to donate in future (52.3%), likely to donate blood to only family members/relatives (50.5%). The attitude level showed significant association with Age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), religion(p<0.009), marital status (p<0.001) and education (p=0.002). Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 894 Study done by Abdulla et al showed that 86 percent donated blood because it was a healthy habit while 45% did it for altruism. Study done by salami et al showed that 44% of respondents had a positive feeling regarding blood donation procedure followed in blood bank. 57.8% respondents had a positive attitude toward blood donation in a study done by Dawit et al7. 79.3% respondents in the study done by Durgesh et al5 felt a moral satisfaction and social responsibility for blood donation. Study done by Limaye et al8 showed a very positive result with 95% of respondents having a good attitude towards blood donation. 94.6% participants of the Sushant Kumar KAP study felt that donating blood is a good practice. In a study done by Vijay Kumar et al 62.6% non-donors showed a positive attitude by expressing willingness to donate blood if they were approached. Fear of needles (57.1%) was the most common reason for not donating blood brought out during this study, and this value was much higher in the People’s Republic of China (44%). Study by Aslami et al showed that fear from donation process or needle was the most common barrier for donation among donors (16%) while health reasons were the main barrier for donation among non-donors (47.2 %). Fear of not being fit to donate (26.8%) was the second most common reason for not donating blood brought out in this study, whereas this was lower in respondents from Lucknow in India (6.75%). This fear was more in respondents from Moldova (60 %), the People’s Republic of China (63.2%), and Chile (64.2%). Fear of physical harm/weakness (53.0%) was the third most common reason for not donating blood brought out during this study, which was higher than observed in respondents from Lucknow (9.25%). This fear was even higher in respondents from Bangladesh (50%) and the People’s Republic of China (90.1%). The myth of contracting infection (HIV or other) was a lot less in this study (56.3%), whereas it was higher in respondents from Chile (73.4%). Studies done in Togo (31.7%), Tanzania (52.3%), Nigeria (52.4%) showed similar results. “No one ever asked us to donate blood” was reported by a lower number of respondents in this study (9.8%), whereas this was higher in respondents from Lucknow (40.7%), Moldova (40%), Saudi Arabia (42.6%), and Pakistan (51.6%). This agrees with the VBD movement in this region, as this was one of the regions where pioneering work on VBD was started in India. The myths and misconceptions showed by more than 50% people were ‘blood donation leads to weight loss’ (61.5%), there is risk of getting infections like HIV, Hepatitis (56.3%), overweight people are healthier and have more blood volume to donate (57.9%) and blood donation will lead to infertility (52.8%). Responders think that blood donation will lead to weakness/anemia (53.0%), fainting (52.5%) and accelerated ageing (53.6%). Study done by Durgesh et al also showed that the commonest reason for not donating blood was being declared medically unfit (69%). While in the study done by Irumi Gilani et al9, the reason for not donating blood was that ‘no one ever asked them to do so’, which was the common response in 40% doctors and 63.3% paramedics. Sonam Kumari et al5 had an interesting finding amongst donors, 3.33% donors did not want to donate blood in the future because of unpleasant experience of previous blood donation. The proportion of good (>66%), fair (33%-66%) and poor (<33%) attitude level among the study participants was found to be 20.6%, 52.5% and 26.9% respectively. The study supports the view that despite sociodemographic, interregional differences whether across or within the countries, there may be some common themes that could facilitate or hinder blood donation as observed by the authors of the review of KAP studies from the developing countries. Nevertheless, such differences in regional donor demographic reasons need to be identified by conducting KAP survey on blood donation to plan and execute blood donor recruitment. The 52% voluntary donation rate indicates moderate awareness. The study aligns with previous findings showing variations in donation prevalence and attitudes regionally. Fear of needles was the most common barrier, much higher than in some other countries, followed by fear of being unfit and physical weakness. Myths about infections and health effects are prevalent, requiring targeted education and counseling. Motivational strategies like friendly staff attitudes, free testing, and social encouragement are effective. The study supports the idea that despite demographic differences, common themes influence donor attitudes and behaviors across regions Blood donor motivation, recruitment, and retention strategies should be more specific and focus on the myths and misconceptions prevalent in the donor demographic area10,11. CONCLUSION Less than half of the respondents had donated blood previously which indicated a very low level of awareness regarding blood donation. Among the previously donated participants, half had done it only once which further indicated a very low level of donor retention in the area. A little more than half of the respondents in this study were aware of their blood groups while less than half were aware of the universal blood group. Only a small proportion of the participants knew about the minimum and maximum age limits required for blood donation. Around half of the participants were aware of the minimum weight requirement for blood donation. Less than half were aware of the minimum inter-donation interval required for males and females. Another interesting finding in this study was that majority of the respondents knew that a ‘smoker can donate blood’. This indicated that most of the respondents had below average knowledge regarding blood donation. The rate of donor recruitment and retention was quite low in this area. Further improvements in the techniques used by the blood centres for the same is required to increase the donor population. Dr. Vinay Tiwari, et al. Assessment of Attitude of blood donors and myth and misconception for promoting their Motivation and Retention. Int. J Med. Pharm. Res., 6 (6): 887‐895, 2025 895 DECLARATIONS Conflicts of interest: There is no any conflict of interest associated with this study Consent to participate: There is consent to participate. Consent for publication: There is consent for the publication of this paper. Authors' contributions: Author equally contributed the work. REFERENCES 1. 1Melku M, Terefe B, Asrie F, Enawgaw B, Melak T, Tsegay YG, et al. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Adult Population towards Blood Donation in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Blood Transfus. 2016;2016:1–10. 2. Kumari S, Raina T. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding voluntary non-remunerated blood donation (VNRBD) among the students of colleges of Jammu, India. Int J Community Med Public Heal. 2015;2(1):45. 3. Amatya M. 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