Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis

Razali, Razlina; Arifin, Muhammad Aiman; Shafie, Latisha Asmaak; Azizan, Farah Lina; Ishak, Mohd Azlan Mohd Article Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis Cogent Business & Management Provided in Cooperation with: Taylor & Francis Group Suggested Citation: Razali, Razlina; Arifin, Muhammad Aiman; Shafie, Latisha Asmaak; Azizan, Farah Lina; Ishak, Mohd Azlan Mohd (2024) : Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis, Cogent Business & Management, ISSN 2331-1975, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2298300 This Version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/325970 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. 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If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Cogent Business & Management ISSN: 2331-1975 (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/oabm20 Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis Razlina Razali, Muhammad Aiman Arifin, Latisha Asmaak Shafie, Farah Lina Azizan & Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak To cite this article: Razlina Razali, Muhammad Aiman Arifin, Latisha Asmaak Shafie, Farah Lina Azizan & Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak (2024) Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis, Cogent Business & Management, 11:1, 2298300, DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2298300 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2298300 © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 01 Feb 2024. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2956 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=oabm20 ManageMent | Review aRticle Cogent Business & ManageMent 2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2298300 Mapping the landscape of talent management research in higher education: a bibliometric analysis Razlina Razalia, Muhammad aiman arifinb, latisha asmaak Shafiea, Farah lina azizanb and Mohd azlan Mohd ishakc aacademy of Language studies, universiti teknologi MaRa Cawangan Perlis, arau, Malaysia; bFaculty of Business and Management, universiti teknologi MaRa Cawangan Perlis, arau, Malaysia; cFaculty of applied sciences, universiti teknologi MaRa Cawangan Perlis, arau, Malaysia ABSTRACT Research on talent management (tM) in higher education has witnessed a positive development in recent years, following the rising recognition of tM as a key strategy for higher learning institutions to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable performance. However, a comprehensive review of tM using bibliometric analysis that focused on tM research in higher education has not been published. Following this gap, the present study used quantitative bibliometric approaches to statistically and objectively explore research publication patterns of tM in higher education. voSviewer and Bibliometrix R-package were used to analyse data retrieved from the Scopus database. this analysis involved seven indicators such as highly cited papers, prominent authors, co-authorship patterns among countries, influential journals and countries, thematic mapping, emerging trends, and bibliographic coupling. Results showed that tM in higher education is an evolving topic, with contributions from scholars since 2006. it emerged from this study that topics such as leadership, recruitment, talent attraction, talent development, talent retention, and employee engagement are inherent to tM in higher education. it is important to study the development of tM research in higher education and its characteristics as this type of analysis is still scarce in the literature. the present study contributes to the literature by providing the evolution of this research field as well as helping scholars shape future work in this field. IMPACT STATEMENT Our paper presents findings and discussions on the evolution of talent management (tM) research in higher education, elicited using bibliometric approaches. this study is motivated by past scholars and practitioners who have recognized the importance of tM as a key strategy for organizations to achieve a strategic advantage and sustainable performance. this article contributes to the understanding of current developments in tM research in the higher education context. Discussions in this article can facilitate readers in thinking about ways to improve research and practices of tM in higher education, as well as in their respective contexts. Our bibliometric analyses, which have been explained in a straightforward manner, can be adapted by future scholars who are interested in studying the evolution of research studies in their respective areas. 1. Introduction in recent years, there has been a growing realization of the importance of talent management (tM) as a key strategy for organizations to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable performance (anlesinya & amponsah-tawiah, 2020; Kaliannan et al., 2023). tM functions as a mechanism to enhance employee and organizational outcomes (anlesinya et al., 2019). correspondingly, the concept of tM has been applied in various contexts such as healthcare (Mitosis et al., 2021), manufacturing (Dalal & akdere, 2023), hospitality and tourism (Kravariti et al.,2022), banking (Jimoh & Kee, 2022), multinational © 2024 the author(s). Published by informa uK Limited, trading as taylor & Francis group CONTACT Razlina Razali [email protected]y academy of Language studies, universiti teknologi MaRa Cawangan Perlis, arau, Malaysia https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2298300 this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. the terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 29 June 2023 Revised 1 December 2023 accepted 19 December 2023 KEYWORDS talent management; higher education; bibliometric analysis; Scopus REVIEWING EDITOR antonio Montero-navarro, Universidad Rey Juan carlos, Spain SUBJECTS Social Sciences; economics, Finance, Business & industry; Business, Management and accounting; education; Sustainability education, training & leadership; Higher education 2 R. RaZali etal. corporation (Hor etal., 2010), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMes) (Krishnan & Scullion, 2017), and higher education (gandy et al., 2018). notably, the focus on tM in the literature has been quite recent, as indicated by several dedicated publications on the topic starting from 2010 (Sparrow, 2019). the extant tM literature includes discussions on the conceptualizations of tM (vardi & collings, 2023), emerging themes in the current labour market (cappelli & Keller, 2014), the transferability of tM to the public sector (Kravariti & Johnston, 2020), tM at the regional level (anlesinya et al., 2019) and inclusive tM as a key approach in tM practice (Kaliannan et al., 2023). Several review studies have also been published on topics pertinent to tM for instance, the evolution of tM scholarship (McDonnell et al., 2017), issues related to ways tM is defined, conceptualized, and operationalized (lewis & Heckman, 2006), theoretical framework for tM (collings & Mellahi, 2009), theoretical views on talent (Dries, 2013) and new perspectives on tM (thunnissen et al., 2013). while tM has gained the attention of scholars and practitioners, review studies that focus on the publication trends in this topic, in particular those from the bibliometric lenses are still lacking. a search conducted by the authors in the Scopus database on august 2, 2023, found only three review studies on tM that utilized bibliometric analysis have been published i.e. gallardo-gallardo & thunnissen (2016), gallardo-gallardo et al. (2015) and Pagan-castaño et al. (2022). in addition, to the best of our knowledge, no prior bibliometric studies have focused on tM in the context of higher education. according to gallardo-gallardo & thunnissen (2016), an assessment of the developments in the tM literature so far can shed light on the achievements in the field and at the same time highlight the underexplored areas in tM research. Such studies can contribute to the advancements in the field of tM. in a similar vein, Donthu et al. (2021) maintained that bibliometric studies empower knowledge creation as this approach allows scholars to obtain a comprehensive overview of a topic, identify gaps in knowledge, generate new ideas for future research, and position their intended contributions in a specific field of research. given this gap in the literature, our study aims to explore the developments related to tM in higher education up until 2023 using a bibliometric approach. to this end, our study has addressed the following research questions: Q1. what are the trends and patterns of development in tM research in higher education? Q2. what are the most cited documents, prominent authors, countries, and journals related to tM research in higher education? Q3. what are the thematic patterns in tM research in higher education? Q4. what are the prospective research areas in tM in higher education? 2. Literature review: talent and talent management in higher education talents are a unique and non-imitable human resource that can help higher learning institutions achieve a strategic advantage (gandy et al., 2018). institutions are aware that talents are key assets that can enhance innovation and social development, which are crucial for institutional sustainability due to the knowledge, skills, and expertise they possess (Mohammed et al., 2018). consequently, talent in the context of higher education is often discussed alongside tangible outputs such as research productivity, quality of research, and citation counts (taamneh et al., 2021; gandy et al., 2018). talent management (tM) can be conceptualized as the systematic process of attracting, identifying, developing, engaging, retaining, and deploying talents that support organizations toward sustainable success (gallardo-gallardo etal., 2020). the term started to gain the attention of practitioners and scholars since its emergence in the War for Talent in 1997 by McKinsey and company (anlesinya & amponsah-tawiah, 2020). in the higher education context, tM is seen as a key enabler for universities to achieve their mission and vision through human resources (Bradley, 2016). accordingly, tM plays a key role in enhancing university performance which leads to the improvements of ranking (Hazelkorn, 2017; Ramaditya et al., 2022). cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 3 while literature on tM in higher education is still far behind compared to other contexts (Mousa & ayoubi, 2019, Mohammed et al., 2020, Paisey & Paisey, 2018), there is a consensus among scholars on the need for higher education to invest in tM, particularly for their survival in this demanding world (Miiro & Otham, 2018; Mohammed et al., 2018; Ramaditya et al., 2022). collectively, the literature has outlined several practical implications of tM in higher education: • Attracting talented employees. a strategic talent identification process can ensure the successful identification of potential faculty members who possess the required knowledge and competencies such as in teaching, research, and consultation (Romiani & Farahbakhsh, 2023); • Retaining talent. tM practices that are engaging such as the provision of rewards and opportunities for employee development increase their satisfaction and reduce their likelihood of leaving the job (Matongolo et al., 2018; Saurombe & Barkhuizen, 2022); • Improves quality of teaching and research. tM that is aligned to institutional strategies allows the identification and development of individuals that are important for the successful deliverance of teaching and research activities (Bradley, 2016); • Influences institutional brand management. tM contributes to the quality of output delivered by an institution hence increasing its reputation and ranking (neri & wilkins, 2018); Supports career progression. talent development which is a component in tM supports the development of knowledge, skills, and competencies of talents that are essential for their career progression (abiwu & Martins, 2023); and • Increases university performance. Having talented academics who are knowledgeable and competent can help universities attract prospective students and secure grants to support research activities (Mohammed et al., 2018). to date, several bibliometric analyses have been applied in previous tM review studies. For instance, gallardo-gallardo and thunnissen (2016) used bibliometrics and content analysis to review tM literature sourced from the web of Science (woS) and Scopus databases. the same approaches were utilized by gallardo-gallardo et al. (2015) using data extracted from woS and Scopus. in a more recent study, Pagan-castaño et al. (2022) performed a bibliometric analysis of published tM works in the web of Science database from 2003 to 2022. Despite these studies, none were focused on tM literature published in the context of higher education. accordingly, a bibliometric study that analyses the state of the tM literature in higher education is needed to unveil the development of the field so far, while identifying potential areas for exploration. this study contributes to the literature especially related to tM in higher education which has been limited until now as compared to other contexts (Mohammed et al., 2019; Paisey & Paisey, 2018). this study can offer valuable insights to scholars and practitioners in human resource management and higher education to understand the development of tM research in the higher education context. Moreover, this study aims to propose new areas of research related to tM which is contextualized (gallardo-gallardo et al., 2020) within higher education. 3. Methodology 3.1. Bibliometric analysis the current study employed bibliometric analysis to discover publication trends within the Scopus database with a specific focus on tM in the higher education context. Bibliometric analysis is an innovative, research evaluation methodology that has become popular among researchers in both social and science and technology fields (ellegaard & wallin, 2015). it allows the mapping of bibliometric elements from a large amount of scientific data in a quantitative manner (Danvila-del-valle et al., 2019). Donthu et al. (2021) highlighted that this rigorous method has become increasingly popular in business research. they further explained that the popularity of bibliometric analysis is due to the development, availability, and 4 R. RaZali etal. ease of use of scientific databases for instance, Scopus and woS as well as bibliometric software tools such as the vOSviewer. 3.2. Choosing the techniques for analysis Data in this study were analyzed using the vOSviewer software and Bibliometrix R-package software. vOSviewer is one of the software tools used in bibliometric research for visualizing networks based on several types of analysis such as citation, co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co-citation relations (ahmi, 2021). compared to other software tools for bibliometric mapping, vOSviewer can view maps that have a considerably large number of items adequately (van eck & waltman, 2010). in this study, we used the vOSviewer software to display the most prominent authors, publications, countries, sources, and documents based on their citation and publication counts. it was also utilized to visualize the international collaborations among authors in relation to the countries of origin of the articles they have authored. Moreover, this software was used for bibliometric coupling to explore the related themes. Meanwhile, Bibliometrix is another tool that can be employed to provide a comprehensive mapping of scientific literature. it is programmed in R to enable flexible integration with other statistical and graphical packages (aria & cuccurullo, 2017). One of the advantages of this software tool compared to voSviewer is it enables researchers to achieve precise, statistical completeness of the results (Derviş, 2019). in this study, this software tool was used to present the thematic map and trending topics in tM research in higher education based on the keywords used in the articles. 3.3. Data collection the first stage of the study involved the researchers selecting a database that met the purpose of the study. common databases used by researchers to retrieve bibliographic data include google Scholar, Scopus, and woS. while some researchers combine several databases in their bibliometric analyses, the current study followed the recommendation by Donthu et al. (2021) to use a single database to reduce redundant action items that may contribute to errors on the researchers’ part. For the study, data were extracted as of august 10, 2023, from the Scopus database. the researchers chose Scopus as the database is one of the most distinguished databases globally (ahmi & Mohamad, 2019). Moreover, the database was purposefully chosen because it indexes a huge amount of quality scholarly work and holds the most integrated coverage of peer-reviewed literature in the fields of sciences, technology, medicine as well as social sciences and arts and humanities (Scopus, 2023). in this study, the researchers did not set a time limit for the data search to capture the evolution of tM research in higher education since the first publication on the topic in Scopus. the data collection procedure is summarized in table 1. 4. Results 4.1. Sample characteristics the final sample encompassed 127 articles which were produced by 160 authors from 51 countries. these articles were published across 19 subjects by 98 journals from 2006 to 2023. Table 1. search procedure. Filtering Criteria excluded included Database: scopus Date of search: august 10, 2023 Published from: no time limit Language: english only Document type: limited to ‘articles’ only Limit to documents with publication stage as ‘final’ 142 Content screening: only articles in which the scope of the study (tM in higher education) discussed in ‘titles, abstracts, and Keywords’ are included 15 127 Note(s): this table shows the filtering criteria used to reach the final compilation of 127 articles. cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 5 4.2. Performance analysis 4.2.1. Publication trend the publication trend of tM research in higher education from 2006 to 2023 is shown in Figure 1. Publications in this area experienced slow growth during the first six years with the number of publications being less than five each year. Years 2013 until 2018 indicated research on tM in the higher education context started to catch the attention of more scholars despite a drop in publications in 2015. However, the number of publications increased significantly in 2019 and remained above ten per year since then. Over the years, the year 2022 was found to be the most productive with 24 articles published. Based on the table, it can be projected that the year 2023 may not be as industrious as the previous year in terms of publications, since the number of publications so far is 10 although 2023 has already entered its third quartile. 4.2.2. Top authors and countries of TM research in higher education table 2 presents the top ten authors and countries of tM research in higher education that have contributed the most to tM research in higher education. the results are ranked according to publication and citation metrics that are based only on publications on tM in higher education. among the 160 authors who have published at least one document on this topic, collings, D.g. from ireland emerged as the most influential author with 72 citations. this is followed by thunnissen, M. from the netherlands with 60 citations and Dries, n. from Belgium with 54 citations. On the other hand, in terms of productivity, ghani, e.K. from Malaysia led with a total of four articles, followed by thunnissen, M. and Mousa, M. from Poland, with three articles, respectively. Out of the 51 countries that have a minimum of one document published on this topic, the country that contributed the most is Malaysia with 17 publications. in contrast, the netherlands is the country that is the most prominent in terms of citation metrics with 333 citations. 4.2.3. Top sources of TM research in higher education table 3 lists the most influential sources of tM research in higher education. Employee Relations (Emerald Publishing) and Human Resource Management (Wiley-Blackwell) journals are the two most notable sources for this topic with 130 and 110 citations, respectively. However, the most prolific sources in terms of production are the Sa Journal of Human Resource Management (Open Journals Publishing AOSIS) and International Journal of Human Resource Management (Taylor & Francis), with eight and four publications, respectively. it is worth mentioning that while six out of ten journals that publish articles related to tM research in higher education are oriented in Business, Management and accounting, journals that publish in other subject areas are also accepting articles in this topic. this is a positive indication that multidisciplinary journals are also publishing on this topic, which is important for advancing knowledge. Figure 1. Publication trend of tM research in higher education, 2006–2023. source: authors’ conception, based on Vosviewer. 6 R. RaZali etal. Table 2. top authors and countries of tM research in higher education. R author tP institution/Country author tC institution/Country Countries tP Countries tC 1ghani, e.K. 4universiti teknologi MaRa, shah alam, Malaysia Collings, D.g. 72 DCu Business school, Dublin, ireland Malaysia 17 netherlands 333 2thunnissen, M. 3Fontys university of applied sciences, eindhoven, netherlands thunnissen, M. 60 Fontys university of applied sciences, eindhoven, netherlands south africa 16 united Kingdom 221 3Mousa, M. 3WsB university, Dabrowa gornicza, Dabrowa gornicza, Poland Dries, n. 54 Ku Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium united states 15 united states 128 4Mohamed Jais, i.R. 3universiti teknologi MaRa, shah alam, Malaysia scullion, H. 52 Hull university Business school, Hull, united Kingdom united Kingdom 13 south africa 91 5ayoubi, R.M. 3Coventry university, Coventry, united Kingdom Paauwe, J. 43 tilburg university, tilburg, netherlands iran 10 China 75 6abdullahi, M.s. 3King Fahd university of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, saudi arabia Mellahi, K. 41 Centre for Responsible Business, Dubai, united arab emirates China 9 singapore 69 7Yusof, n.M. 2universiti sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia gallardogallardo, e. 40 universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, spain australia 5 ecuador 37 8 Yarmohammadian, M.H. 2isfahan university of Medical sciences, isfahan, iran Barkhuizen, e.n. 36 College of Business and economics, Johannesburg, south africa indonesia 5 Mexico 34 9Van arensbergen, P. 2Van Hall-Larenstein university of applied sciences, Velp, netherlands Fruytier, B. 35 utrecht university of applied sciences, utrecht, netherlands singapore 5 australia 33 10 surendran, n.n. 2asia Pacific university (aPu), Malaysia Farndale, e. 31 Pennsylvania state university, university Park, united states Jordan 4 Pakistan 27 Note(s): R: rank; tP: total publications; tC: total citations. source: authors’ conception, based on Vosviewer. Table 3. top sources of tM research in higher education. R Journal tC tP Publisher subject area 1employee Relations 130 1 emerald Publishing Business, Management and accounting 2Human Resource Management Journal 110 1 Wiley-Blackwell Business, Management and accounting 3international Journal of Human Resource Management 98 4 taylor & Francis Business, Management and accounting 4Journal of Management Development 54 2 emerald Publishing Business, Management and accounting 5Personnel Review 54 1 emerald Publishing Business, Management and accounting 6Higher education Policy 39 1 springer nature social sciences 7sa Journal of Human Resource Management 37 8 open Journals Publishing aosis Business, Management and accounting 8Future internet 34 1 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing institute (MDPi) Computer science 9Mediterranean Journal of social sciences 30 2 Mediterranean Center of social and educational Research social sciences 10 Journal of the american College of surgeons 29 1 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Medicine Note(s): R: rank; tP: total publications; tC: total citations. source: authors’ conception, based on Vosviewer. cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 7 4.2.4. Influential articles the top ten most cited articles with their respective authors, first author’s affiliation, source, and citation metrics are presented in table 4. these articles are ranked based on their total number of citations. Based on our analysis, the article that received the highest citation which is 130 was authored by thunnissen (2016) with the title, Talent management: For what, how and how well? An empirical exploration of talent management in practice in Employee Relations. through an exploratory, longitudinal study in five Dutch university departments, the author investigated how tM was carried out in practice. an interesting finding arising from the study was the incongruities between the theory and practice of tM. this leads to the conclusion that no one shoe fits all when it comes to tM strategy, rather the development and implementation of a tM strategy should be specifically aligned to an organization and its context. the second most influential article is Talent management in academia: performance systems and HRM policies by van den Brink etal. (2013). the article was published in Human Resource Management Journal and has 110 Scopus citations so far. the article explored the recruitment and selection practices for junior and senior academic talent involving several universities in the netherlands. according to the study, performance indicators such as H-indexes and citation indices are used in the talent selection stage and the talent recruitment process is influenced by the structural and cultural contexts of academic disciplines. Table 4. top articles on tM research in higher education. RDocument title author source First author institution/ Country tC 1talent management: For what, how and how well? an empirical exploration of talent management in practice thunnissen (2016)employee Relations Fontys university of applied sciences, eindhoven, netherlands 130 2talent management in academia: performance systems and HRM policies van den Brink et al. (2013) Human Resource Management Journal Radboud universiteit, nijmegen, netherlands 110 3understanding graduate recruitment, development and retention for the enhancement of talent management: sharpening ‘the edge’ of graduate talent McCracken et al. (2016) the international Journal of Human Resource Management ulster university Business school, Coleraine, united Kingdom 56 4a multi-dimensional approach to talent: an empirical analysis of the definition of talent in Dutch academia thunnissen & Van arensbergen (2015) Personnel Review Fontys university of applied sciences, eindhoven, netherlands 54 5Determinants of success in academic Careers Van Balen et al. (2012) Higher education Policy Qanu (Quality assurance netherlands universities), utrecht, netherlands 39 6Characterization of the teaching Profile within the Framework of education 4.0 Ramírez-Montoya et al. (2021) Future internet tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico 34 7inclusive/exclusive talent management, responsible leadership and organizational downsizing: a study of academics in egyptian public business schools Mousa & ayoubi (2019) Journal of Management Development WsB university, Dabrowa gornicza, Dabrowa gornicza, Poland 34 8overcoming the ethnocentric firm? – foreign fresh university graduate employment in Japan as a new international human resource development method Conrad & Meyer-ohle (2019) the international Journal of Human Resource Management Heinrich-Heine-universität Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, germany 31 9a Review of trends in attrition Rates for surgical Faculty: a Case for a sustainable Retention strategy to Cope with Demographic and economic Realities satiani et al. 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