Report on potential for adoption and scale-up potential

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 101036838. D7.16. Report on potential for adoption and scale-up potential July 2025 Authors: Alba Matamoros (KVC); Aran Blanco (KVC); Maite Ferrando (KVC); Ref. Ares(2025)6161469 - 29/07/2025 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 1 І51 Technical references Project Acronym Agro2Circular Project Title TERRITORIAL CIRCULAR SYSTEMIC SOLUTION FOR THE UPCYCLING OF RESIDUES FROM THE AGRIFOOD SECTOR Project Coordinator Fuensanta Monzó CETEC [email protected] Project Duration October 2021 – March 2025 (42 months) Deliverable No. D7.16 Dissemination level* PU Work Package WP 7 - A2C systemic solution adoption, replication and scalability Task Task 7.7 Validation of the A2C multidimensional model through cross-fertilization with other clusters. Lead beneficiary KVC Contributing beneficiary/ies CETEC, VTT, UB, TCA, LPK, UVEG, EURADA Due date of deliverable 31 March 2025 Actual submission date 28 March 2025 * PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 2 І51 Document history V Date Comments v0.1 17/03/2025 First draft of document v0.3 25/03/2025 Revised version based on the comments of Name Reviewer(s) - Organisation v1.0 27/05/2025 First final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. v2.0 29/07/2025 Second final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. Document Distribution Log Versi on Date Distributed to v0.1 18/03/2025 CETEC, UB, VTT, TCA, LPK, EURADA, UVEG V0.3. 25/03/2025 Internal master v.1.0 27/03/2025 Coordinator and WP leader V2.0 29/07/2025 Coordinator and WP leader Verification and approval Name Date Verification Final Draft by WP leader Maite Ferrando 29/07/2025 Approval Final Deliverable by coordinator Fuensanta Monzó 29/07/2025 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 3 І51 Disclaimer and acknowledgement This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036838 Disclaimer This document reflects only the views of the author(s) the European Research Executive Agency (REA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Whilst efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this document, the A2C consortium shall not be liable for any errors or omissions, however caused. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 4 І51 Table of contents List of abbreviations 6 1 Executive summary <abstract> ................................................... 7 2 Introduction .................................................................................. 8 3 A2C Approach: maximizing CE potential ................................... 10 3.1. Technological developments and their potential in the market ........................ 11 3.2. Evaluation insights linked to adoption and replicability ................................ 18 3.3. Relation with the multidimensional model and the SAT .................................... 21 3.4. A2C replication cases: Lombardy and Lithuania regions ................................. 23 3.4.1. Lessons learned ............................................................................................... 29 3.5. Scaling A2C at regional level: lessons learned from Murcia Circular Action Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.6. Comprehensive Analysis of A2C Model Replication and Scalability Potential: EU stakeholders’ workshop ........................................................................................ 32 3.6.1. Survey respondents: sample characterisation .................................................. 34 3.6.2. Feedback gathered: replicability and scalability of the A2C Model. .................. 35 4. Policy recommendations for scaling and replicating .................. 37 5. Conclusions ............................................................................... 42 6. Bibliography ............................................................................... 44 ANNEXES....................................................................................... 45 Annex 1. Workshop materials ..................................................................................... 45 List of Tables Table 1 Multidimension recommendations: fostering replication and scaling up ................ 37 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 5 І51 List of Figures Figure 1 A2C technological solution .................................................................................. 12 Figure 2 DEMO1: Multilayer plastic waste upcycling diagram ........................................... 13 Figure 3 DEMO2: yeast factory building blocks production diagram .................................. 13 Figure 4 DEMO3&4: Extraction route based on green hybrid technologies diagram ......... 14 Figure 5 DEMO5: Biodegradable plastic from sugar-rich waste diagram .......................... 15 Figure 6 DEMO6 & (8): Circular solution diagram .............................................................. 15 Figure 7 DEMO7&9&2: Circular solution diagram .............................................................. 16 Figure 8 DEMO10: A2C data integration system (DIS) ...................................................... 17 Figure 9 A2C self-assessment tool in the DIS tool ............................................................. 21 Figure 10 SAT results display: environmental and socioeconomic dimension examples .. 22 Figure 11 Workshop materials ........................................................................................... 34 Figure 12 Replicability of the A2C Model: stakeholders' feedback ..................................... 35 Figure 13 Scalability of the A2C Model: stakeholders' feedback ....................................... 35 Figure 14 Adaptability and usefulness of the SAT tool: stakeholders' feedback ................ 36 Image 1 A2C replication cases .......................................................................................... 29 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 6 І51 List of abbreviations BAU – Business as Usual (solution) CEAP – Circular Economy Action Plan CSO – Civil Society Organisations eLCC – Environmental Life Cycle Costing FIAB – Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas LCA – Life Cycle Assessment LCSA – Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment PEF – Product Environmental Footprint SAT – Self Assessment tool SDG – Sustainable Development Goals SO-LCA – Social Organisational Life Cycle Assessment WS – Workshop A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 7 І51 1 Executive summary <abstract> D.7.16. Report on potential for adoption and scale-up potential represents one of the final outcomes related to tasks 7.6 and 7.7 which aimed to ensure the replicability and scalability of the A2C systemic solution by studying replication potential in two European regions, validating the A2C multidimensional model and Self-Assessment Tool (SAT) by crossfertilising with other clusters, thereby fostering adoption of the A2C model. In line with these objectives, this report presents evidence that A2C technologies offer opportunities for both replication and scaling across diverse contexts. After 42 months of project implementation, the analysis demonstrates clear pathways for territorial transfer and cross-sector application through replication studies in Lombardy and Lithuania regions, stakeholder consultations, and practical implementation insights from the Murcia Circular Action Plan. The report documents how the A2C approach maximises circular economy potential through proven technological developments with strong market viability, comprehensive evaluation frameworks that support adoption decisions, and strategic integration with the multidimensional model and SAT working synergistically. Key evidence supporting the scalability potential includes successful validation across diverse regional contexts, demonstrated cross-sector applicability, and strong stakeholder endorsement gathered through EU-wide workshops and targeted consultations. The multidimensional model and SAT emerge as critical enablers for systematic replication, providing organisations with practical tools to assess readiness, identify optimisation opportunities, and implement the A2C solution effectively. The findings synthesised in this report—spanning technological evaluations, replication case studies, stakeholder feedback, and regional scaling experiences—offer actionable insights and policy recommendations for organisations and regions seeking to implement or scale circular economy solutions. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 8 І51 2 Introduction In the Agro2Circular project, replication and scale-up are of the utmost importance. These principles are incorporated into two of the initiative's three objectives and are the focal point of one specific work package, along with other interdisciplinary activities. On the one hand, project objective two aimed to provide to the A2C technological solution the circular systemic approach by building a multidimensional model enabling the solution territorial deployment and its replication and scalability. It entailed to construct the multidimensional model and foster its replicability and scalability together with the validations of the applicability of the model and the tools delivered, through cross-fertilization with other agrifood clusters and relevant stakeholders. On the other hand, project objective three aimed at maximizing project impacts and facilitating A2C systemic solution replication & scalability and it entailed to engage in cooperation and mobilization of all relevant stakeholders at local and EU levels among other relevant activities. Focusing on the operationalisation of the mentioned objectives, WP7 “A2C systemic solution adoption, replication and scalability” is where the majority of the efforts have been made, and specific tasks have been implemented to achieve these goals. Task 7.6. “Italian/Lithuanian Region replication case” and Task 7.7. “Validation of the A2C multidimensional model through cross-fertilization with other clusters” are the concrete tasks nurturing this deliverable. It is worth noting that under the approach followed in this project, replication and scaling are two pathways of an interconnected process. This interconnection stems from the project's integrated methodology, where replication provides the horizontal expansion across different territories and contexts, while scaling delivers the vertical growth in adoption and impact. The multidimensional model and self-assessment tool serve both purposes simultaneously – enabling adaptation to new regions (replication) while identifying opportunities for wider application and increased adoption (scaling). Concretely, the Murcia case and the results presented in D.7.11. A2C circular Action Plan report stands out for the scaling up part and the Lombardy and Lithuania cases, with D.7.16 & D.7.17, corresponding to the replication of the A2C solution. This deliverable aims to make this interconnectedness clear. In the three cases, technological/ systemic/ supply chain solutions, and the A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 15 І51 Figure 5 DEMO5: Biodegradable plastic from sugar-rich waste diagram Demonstrators for food packaging sector: DEMO6: Bioplastic PHBV based compounding. Biodegradable packaging. Located in Murcia (Spain). End users: Plastic transformer. Figure 6 DEMO6 & (8): Circular solution diagram A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 16 І51 DEMO7: Recycled and recyclable high barrier compounds for food packaging. Located in Murcia (Spain). End users: Plastic transformer. Demonstrators for agriculture primary sector: DEMO8: Bioplastics PHBV compounds to use in biodegradable agricultural films. Located in Murcia (Spain). End users: Plastic transformer. DEMO9: Recycled and recyclable very high barrier compounds for agricultural films. Located in Murcia (Spain). End users: Plastic transformer. Figure 7 DEMO7&9&2: Circular solution diagram Demonstrator for Circular Economy Digitalisation: DEMO10: Data Integration System for the traceability assurance along the value chains and predictive tool support. End users: agrifood sector industries, recycling industries & plastic industries. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 17 І51 Figure 8 DEMO10: A2C data integration system (DIS) All these technologies, practices and processes are part of the tangible list of results of A2C. However, the technology market readiness varies significantly, ranging from medium-stage developments to fully commercialised solutions. Green extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted and enzymatic hydrolysis with microwave treatment, are being explored for sustainable ingredient production. On one side, even though ultrasound technology is already mature, its large-scale application in extraction processes still faces cost and efficiency challenges [1], this technology can be classified as potentially ready. On the other side, enzymatic hydrolysis seems to be a good alternative to conventional methods, and it is still at a medium adoption stage. Meanwhile, some other innovations also remain in their medium adoption stage due to technical and economic barriers. Bioplastic PHBV compounds to use in biodegradable agricultural films and bioplastics PHBV compounds to use in biodegradable food packaging are promising alternatives to conventional plastics. However, despite growing interest in sustainable materials, their high production costs and mechanical limitations hinder widespread adoption [2]. Regarding yeast building blocks production even though it has been demonstrated to have great potential, it has still a long path to achieve being an economic option [3] in the market, for this reason it is classified as potentially ready technology. Finally, the data integration system represents a unique case, due to its wide-spread use across multiple sectors, one of them the agrifood sector. While the market for data-driven A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 18 І51 solutions is expanding [4], integration into the agrifood sector is becoming more and more demanded in order to optimise certain processes. Even though these systems are already market mature, globalisation has overpriced these data services, putting pressure on the farmers [5]. In summary, while some technologies are nearing commercialisation, others require further development and investment before achieving full market adoption. The continuous evolution of these innovations, driven by regulatory policies, consumer demand, and technological improvements, will shape their future integration into the European economy. It also needs to be mentioned that the technologies developed within the A2C framework have significant potential for application beyond their original scope. These innovations could be valuable in various recycling streams, such as other plastic types or textile recycling, where they could help track fabric composition and verify sustainable material sourcing. E-waste management represents another promising application area, where these technologies could ensure responsible handling and recycling of electronics and hazardous materials. Additionally, given the construction sector's paramount importance across Europe, applying A2C technologies to construction waste valorisation presents another strategic opportunity for cross-sector exploitation 3 . 3.2. Evaluation insights linked to adoption and replicability Life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) is a tool to assess sustainability from a life cycle perspective. This framework consists of an integrated approach that incorporates environmental, economic, and social aspects into the same technological system [6]. In A2C, this approach was utilised to evaluate the developed technologies. From the various existing methodologies to apply this framework, the environmental component followed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and Environmental Footprint (EF) impact assessment method developed by the European Commission, the economic component employed environmental Life Cycle Costing (eLCC), and the social component implemented Social Organisational Life Cycle Assessment (SO-LCA). For more information on the evaluation results, please consult D.7.7. Environmental assessment, LCA and A2C 3 For more information on the possible exploitation pathways, please consult D.6.5. A2C business cases. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 19 І51 circularity monitoring (Final) and D.7.9. Socioeconomic and sociocultural analysis report (Final). The first goal of the LCA was to detect which processes or life cycle stages have the highest contribution to the A2C systems’ environmental impacts. This was done using hotspot analysis. The second goal was to benchmark the environmental performance of the A2C circular solution against a functionally equivalent linear solution. The purpose of combining the benchmarking and hotspot analysis was to identify what are the aspects of the novel A2C system which need to be possibly improved to reach the level of sustainability as the more developed benchmark products. Regarding the eLCC, the aim was to compare the associated economic and environmental costs (eLCC) over the entire life cycle of the innovative solutions which have been tested, in comparison with the Business as usual (BAU) solution. The analysis focused on two primary systems: agrifood and plastic waste, examining multiple demonstration cases across various scales. Key findings highlighted the critical importance of energy consumption and material utilisation in the processes. On the agrifood part of eLCA one of the findings was that the production of process chemicals and electricity contributed substantially to all impact categories analysed, with chemicals used in demos 5, 8, and 6 showing particularly significant impacts across most categories. Despite the current limitations in data scale and comprehensiveness, the research provides a foundational understanding that points to clear pathways for technological improvement. Concerning the economic results, the sensitivity analysis carried out revealed a promising potential at a larger scale. Overall costs could be reduced by up to 60%, suggesting significant economic viability with increased production volumes. Moreover, one of the most encouraging findings is the economic competitiveness in specific sectors. For instance, in plastic waste recycling, the A2C solution demonstrated a 21% cost advantage compared to conventional alternatives. In agrifood system, while initial costs appeared higher, the solution offered superior product concentration (phenolic extract) and better quality than the benchmark product. To sum up, the data indicates that while the A2C system offers innovative approaches to waste valorisation, it currently requires an optimised production scale to reach both environmental and economic competitiveness compared to conventional alternatives. The high dependence on chemical inputs, energy requirements, and equipment costs presents A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 20 І51 opportunities for optimisation through process improvements, chemical circulation, and renewable energy integration to enhance overall sustainability performance. On the economic side, several costs are affected by the demo testing medium scale, which prevents the recycling process from achieving a higher level of efficiency. Another example is that since equipment cost, and partly maintenance, are influenced by the demo testing medium scale, and the overall eLCC cost of the recycled plastic pellet would certainly be reduced with a higher scale of yearly production. The data indicates that while A2C technologies show promise for Circular Economy applications, selective and strategic replication with continued optimisation would yield better outcomes than direct replication of the current system configuration. So, in order to enhance technological replication and scalability, it should be prioritised the replication of processes with more favourable environmental and economic profiles rather than a full system replication, given the varying performance across the demos. Moreover, other recommendation would be to focus research and development efforts on reducing chemical inputs and increasing energy efficiency in high-impact processes, given the results of both evaluations. The social assessment of the A2C organisations (SO-LCA) has derived in a series of conclusions about their performance and contribution to social sustainability. By highlighting positive social performance indicators, the assessment provides a comprehensive view of the organisations' social contributions that can serve as a catalyst for future adoption and scaling of the A2C solution. These indicators are linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and demonstrate the organisations' commitment to ethical and responsible practices. For instance, the organisations showed exemplary performance in critical social dimensions: no reported instances of forced labour, zero sexual harassment incidents, absence of anti-competitive behaviour sanctions, and full compliance with tax obligations. Moreover, each organisation demonstrated positive contributions across the five stakeholder groups evaluated. These social performance insights are not merely descriptive but serve as a strategic driver for the A2C solution's broader adoption. By showcasing the organisations' positive social impact, the assessment provides a compelling narrative that can help reduce barriers to implementation and encourage replication of the A2C approach in other contexts. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 21 І51 3.3. Relation with the multidimensional model and the SAT Multidimensional systems change has been widely recognised as necessary to address some of our most complex social and ecological challenges, and thus, the cultivation of innovation in technological niches alone will be insufficient [7]. A2C addresses this critical gap by addressing systematically various barriers to circular solutions, including socioeconomic, environmental, regulatory, and financial factors. At its core, A2C introduces a comprehensive Circular Economy model that enables territories to adopt, replicate, and scale sustainable, regenerative, and inclusive solutions. This model not only strengthens urban and regional economies but also provides practical tools for all stakeholders—from citizens to industry leaders, policymakers, and the academic community—to advance circular practices. This model is merely the framework. Within A2C, a self-assessment tool has also been developed and digitalised to assist cities and regions in adopting, replicating and scaling the A2C solution. The primary objective of the A2C model is to define the key dimensions and elements that a region (or city) should consider becoming circular, especially within the context of the agrifood industry. The model covers eight dimensions: environmental, socioeconomic, governance, policy and regulatory, funding & financial, technology and R&D, standardisation and capacity building. Each dimension is characterised by specific elements that are crucial for achieving circularity. The A2C SAT (https://sat.agro2dis.eu/) is designed to evaluate the readiness of a region or city to adopt the A2C circular economy model. It is intended for use by regions and cities to qualitatively self-assess and identify key areas for improvement in their circular economy initiatives. The A2C SAT directly utilises the dimensions and elements Figure 9 A2C self-assessment tool in the DIS tool A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 22 І51 defined by the A2C model. It transforms these elements into Likert scales, enabling regions and cities to assess their level of implementation and effectiveness in deploying circular economy policies. In order to facilitate its use and adoption in other regions and cities, the SAT has been digitalised and included in the DIS tool (see Figure 10). As it can be seen, the structure of the tool is very simple. It is composed of three main pages: - Instructions: this page provides guidance on how to use the tool effectively. - Evaluation: each of the eight dimensions follows the same structure. Every dimension consists of multiple elements, each accompanied by an explanation, assessment hints, and a Likert scale for evaluation. The results are automatically saved throughout the form's completion and can be accessed on the "Results" page. - Results: once its assessment per dimension is submitted, the results are displayed in this page accompanied by a series of general recommendations by dimension to inspire and guide users in further steps of implementing CE. Figure 10 SAT results display: environmental and socioeconomic dimension examples The SAT serves as a pivotal instrument in facilitating the adoption, replication, and scale-up of both the multidimensional model and technological solutions within the A2C project. The SAT functions as a diagnostic and planning mechanism that enables stakeholders to evaluate their specific context and develop customized implementation pathways. It allows clusters and stakeholders to evaluate their initial conditions and determine how these unique circumstances may affect the implementation process of circular economy practices (including the adoption of the technologies or processes developed in the A2C A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 23 І51 project). Moreover, this tool facilitates the creation of customised roadmaps for implementation, based on the assessment findings. It emphasises the needs and strengths of the territory, providing a foundation for a systematic approach to adopting circular economy practices. Another key mechanism to facilitate adoption, replication and scale-up is that the SAT is intended to connect assessment outcomes to practical resources developed through the A2C project. This includes policy recommendations, financing options, training packages, and documented best practices that are allocated in A2C webpage (Resources – Agro2Circular) and correspond to the following deliverables: - D.7.3. Public Engagement Strategy & Summary of Activities and Results (Final) - D.7.10. A2C systemic solution model and self assessment tool - D.7.13. Policy Briefs (Final) - D.7.15. Financing recommendations (Final) - D.8.7. Toolkit of guidelines and training materials (Final) - D.8.10. Contribution to standardization (Final) This ensures that stakeholders receive guidance that is both theoretically sound and practically applicable. Furthermore, the cross-validation of the SAT with different European agrifood clusters, regions and cities, enhances its reliability and applicability across diverse European contexts. This validation process ensures that the tool maintains flexibility while providing structured support for implementation across varying conditions. The SAT ultimately bridges the gap between theoretical models and practical implementation, accelerating the adoption, replication, and scale-up of circular solutions across Europe. 3.4. A2C replication cases: Lombardy and Lithuania regions A2C demonstration entailed a strong focus on facilitating the circular technical solution early adoption and further replication & scalability. This was achieved through a systemic approach based on the identification and analysis of challenges, enablers and barriers hampering the deployment of the solution not only at A2C cluster level but also at national and European level. In this sense, and in the framework of Task 7.6, the project has involved two specific replication cases, in the Italian region of Lombardy, one of the major players on A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 24 І51 the agrifood sector and in the NUTS-2 Baltic region from Lithuania. Concretely, task 7.6 aimed to demonstrate A2C's replication potential through the development of specific implementation plans for circular economy business models in both regions, encompassing contextual analysis of agrifood residues, strategic stakeholder engagement, multidimensional territorial assessment according to the A2C model, and development of tailored circular business models to ensure readiness for post-project implementation. The main outputs of this task have been two deliverables (D.7.17 4 & D.7.18 5 ) that present the key conclusions of the activities undertaken by these two regions and their capacity for adopting the A2C solution. The partners responsible for this initiative have been TCA, representing the Lombardy region, and LPK, representing Lithuania: - Tecnoalimenti (TCA) is as a non-profit research consortium of 30 food sector industries and one financial institution, Intesa San Paolo, as trustee of ministerial funds. Its member industries account for about 12% of Italian food sales. They have a wide experience in networking industries (large and SMEs) for research activities, due to its institutional function of bridging industry and research players. Further, TCA participated/participates to food chain projects with a specific role of carrying out studies, training activities, steering and animating Industrial Platforms, thanks to its wide experience in approaching food SMEs. - The Lithuanian Confederation of Industrialists (LPK) is a major business association in Lithuania which represents the interests of industrialists and employers. LPK is an independent, non-political organization that represents public interests of all business groups in Lithuania. LPK unites 50 trade and seven regional business associations with over 3000 major business and manufacturing enterprises of the country, as well as 26 largest non-associated enterprises and corporations. LPK members include most Lithuanian production enterprises, banks, trading companies, representative offices of foreign firms, research institutes, and educational establishments. Deliverable D.7.17 presents a comprehensive structure presenting the replication analysis and action plan for the Lombardy region. In the case of the Lombardy region, the analysis has been focused on two main lines of replication: (i) systemic approach to Agro2Circular value chains replicability and (ii) multidimensional replicability analysis according to the 4 D7.17. Lombardy Action Plan (Report-PU; TCA, M42; Related Task 7.6). Synthesis report describing the cluster CEAP (Circular Economy action Plan) for the deployment of circular systemic solutions within Lombardy Region. 5 D7.18. NUTS-2 Lithuania Action Plan (Report-PU; LPK, M42; Related Task 7.6). Synthesis report describing the cluster CEAP (Circular Economy action Plan) for the deployment of circular systemic solutions within Nuts2 Lithuania region. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 31 І51 1. Resource optimisation is critical for scaling: starting a job from scratch takes more time and resources than grouping efforts in actions that are already consolidated. Scaling efforts should build upon existing initiatives rather than creating entirely new programs. 2. Financial and human resource constraints limit adoption: Despite many solutions being available in the market, not all companies have access to them due to the necessary investments in terms of financial and human resources, as well as time. This has been identified as a barrier for scaling up the A2C solution. 3. Multidisciplinary expertise is necessary: For successful scaling, a multidisciplinary working group specialised in the subject is needed to establish priorities and review implementation points. 4. Self-assessment tools facilitate replication: The SAT developed within A2C is a useful tool for diagnosing improvement areas before scaling circular solutions to new regions. 5. Communication barriers impact scaling speed: According to AGRIFOOD research, there have been concepts difficult to understand by stakeholders, suggesting that simplified, adapted language is necessary for wider adoption. 6. Quadruple helix collaboration accelerates scaling: Facilitating meeting points to discuss ideas among members of the quadruple helix is the most effective way to implement circular economy solutions at scale. 7. Systemic approach required: The conclusion states that successful scaling requires a multi-faceted approach that integrates financial incentives, regulatory support, stakeholder collaboration, and knowledge dissemination, in line with A2C approach. 8. Resource allocation for R&D is a prerequisite: it is needed to allocate R&D resources in order to implement these types of solutions, however many companies according to AGRIFOOD report lack this prerequisite, indicating a need for support structures to enable scaling. 9. Knowledge sharing prevents duplication: the work done in A2C with deliverables D.7.11, D.7.16 and D.7.17, serves as tools for avoiding duplications and optimising the resources across multiple entities, which is essential for efficient scaling. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 32 І51 To sum up, while significant barriers were encountered throughout the implementation process, the comprehensive tools, methodologies, and materials developed within the A2C project can equip other regions to anticipate and overcome these challenges more efficiently. By leveraging these resources, future adopters can not only avoid the identified barriers, but also strategically reinforce the enabling factors that accelerate the transition to a circular economy in their respective agrifood sectors. 3.6. Comprehensive Analysis of A2C Model Replication and Scalability Potential: EU stakeholders’ workshop The A2C project implemented a strategic approach to cross-fertilization activities, specifically targeting Task 7.1 (Public Engagement and community-based schemes for sustainable systemic circular economy), 7.5 (Multidimensional model for adoption, replicability and scalability of A2C systemic solution at regional and EU level) & 7.7 (Validation of the A2C multidimensional model through cross-fertilization with other clusters). These interconnected tasks encompassed public engagement for sustainable CE schemes, development of a multidimensional model for A2C solution adoption, and validation of the model through inter-cluster collaboration. In line with the project's comprehensive stakeholder engagement and European outreach strategies, a dedicated EU Stakeholder Panel was established. This panel, was constituted together with a Regional Stakeholder Panel, ensuring a multi-layered approach to project insights and interactions throughout the project's duration. Researchers and interested parties seeking detailed information about the engagement process can refer to three key deliverable documents: D.7.1 Public Engagement (Draft), D.7.2 Public Engagement Strategy & Summary of Activities and Results (Status Report), and D.7.3 Public Engagement Strategy & Summary of Activities and Results (Final). These documents provide comprehensive documentation of the project's engagement initiatives, methodologies, and outcomes. The most recent collaborative endeavour was a workshop organised by Kveloce (KVC), the University of Valencia (UVEG) and the European Association of Development Agencies (EURADA) on Friday, 17th of January 2025. This workshop aimed at exploring the A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 33 І51 scalability and replicability of the Agro2Circular (A2C) multidimensional model across different regions, cities and clusters. More than 25 organisations were invited by EURADA & KVC to join the workshop and provide insights on the model replication and scalable potential. The list of institutions invited went beyond the A2C EU stakeholder panel in order to ensure the participation and insights of enough European institutions and taking advantage of the EURADA extensive network of regional development agencies. The final list of attendees is provided below: • Project s.a.s. (Consultancy Company, Italy) • PNRR, Regione Umbria (Regional Development Agency, Italy) • RDA Centru (Regional Development Agency, Romania) • FIAB (Industrial Cluster, Spain) • Agrotransilvania Cluster (Industrial Cluster, Romania) • RDA NW (Regional Development Agency, Romania) • ADR Nord-Vest (Regional Development Agency, Romania) • FILSE (Technical entity that provides support to the Regione Liguria) To optimise workshop preparation and participants engagement, the attendees were provided with a detailed summary of the Multidimensional Model rationale and dimensions elements (see Annex 1) and the SAT pdf for their preliminary review (see Figure 11). Also, to ensure a focused and productive discussion, a pre-workshop survey was prepared and shared with the attendees. This strategic approach was intended to guide participant reflections and concentrate the workshop dialogue on the survey's analytical findings, thereby maximizing the efficiency and relevance of the collaborative session. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 34 І51 Figure 11 Workshop materials 3.6.1. Survey respondents: sample characterisation The number of respondents was 7, that came from different institutions across the EU: • North-East Regional Development Agency • Ingredalia • AgroTransilvania Cluster • North-East Regional Development Agency • FOOD FOR LIFE-SPAIN • Project HUB 360 • ProjectHUB360 Respondents represent a variety of organisations primarily focused on regional development, agrifood innovation, and collaborative projects. Notably, some entities are from Romania—such as the North-East Regional Development Agency and AgroTransilvania Cluster—while others, like FOOD FOR LIFE-SPAIN and Ingredalia, are Spanish. Overall, this group encompasses both public bodies (regional development agencies) and private or semi-private initiatives (clusters, companies, and project hubs). The 57% of respondents who knew the project before the WS and the 43% who did not. The SAT was created with the aim of helping regions and cities all over Europe to develop their CEAPs or transition strategies, fostering the adoption of CE. The 71% of the WS A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 35 І51 participants declared that in their region/city it is in place a CEAP or CE strategy, while the 29% stated that they were unaware of the existence or non-existence of this practice. 3.6.2. Feedback gathered: replicability and scalability of the A2C Model. Replicability refers to the ability of a CE practice, model, or initiative to be reproduced or adapted by other entities or in different contexts, while maintaining its core benefits and principles. There was a significant degree of agreement in the stakeholders’ responses, as all respondents indicated that the model is moderately replicable (see Figure 12). Two of the respondents indicated that they haven’t had enough knowledge of the model, so they voted for the middle answer. Figure 12 Replicability of the A2C Model: stakeholders' feedback However, there were slightly more positive evaluations regarding the model's scalability potential (see Figure 13). Factors identified as influencing the scalability of the model included: • “The level of commitment of the stakeholders” • “A more active political response is needed.” These responses might underscore the interdependent Figure 13 Scalability of the A2C Model: stakeholders' feedback A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 36 І51 nature of stakeholder engagement and political support in ensuring successful model expansion. The identified factors emphasise the importance of aligning implementation strategies with policy frameworks and securing institutional support at various governance levels. Interestingly the SAT tool seems to have generated greater consensus regarding its adaptability to different regions, with agreement highlighting its flexibility. Overall, it is considered that all dimensions of the SAT tool are useful. The dimensions with higher consensus were the socioeconomic, financial and funding and the innovation and technology dimensions. However, there was slightly less consensus on the environmental, governance, and standardisation dimensions. Figure 14 Adaptability and usefulness of the SAT tool: stakeholders' feedback In general, it can be concluded that the SAT tool is perceived as useful. Further conclusions of the workshop will be included in section 4 Policy recommendations for scaling and replicating , since the second part of it turned around the discussion of policy measures for the replicability and scalability of the A2C Model. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 37 І51 4. Policy recommendations for scaling and replicating Agriculture has been the primary source of food for humanity since time immemorial. With the ever-growing global population and the rising demand for food supplies, there has been a transition from traditional agricultural practices to more advanced methods [8]. This section presents key recommendations for enhancing the replication and scalability of A2C solutions 8 , addressing both technical implementations and elements of the multidimensional model (see Table 1). These guidelines aim to facilitate broader adoption across diverse contexts and operational environments and have been obtained and prioritised in the carried-out workshop presented in section 3.6. Comprehensive Analysis of A2C Model Replication and Scalability Potential: EU stakeholders’ workshop. Table 1 Multidimension recommendations: fostering replication and scaling up Replicability Scalability Environmental dimension Create permanent working and coordination groups for by-products, with a regional register to facilitate reuse and recycling efforts. Strengthen waste management policies, including the establishment of integrated and decentralised water and waste infrastructures. Promote product lifetime extension through design for longevity and maintenance of durable goods, reducing waste generation Rationale: The establishment of permanent working and coordination groups, alongside a regional register for byproducts, enhances replicability by providing structured mechanisms that can be easily adapted to different regions. These initiatives ensure systematic collaboration between stakeholders, creating a blueprint that can be replicated in various contexts. Similarly, strengthening waste management policies and developing decentralised infrastructures facilitate scalability by creating resilient and adaptable systems that accommodate increasing waste streams and diverse environmental challenges across regions. Socioeconomic dimension Establish a permanent forum aligned with national efforts to continuously spread Circular Economy culture and best practices. Support initiatives that focus on employment opportunities and the creation of new businesses within the Circular Economy 8 As it can be seen, in some cases the recommendations are included in both columns (replicability and scalability). As explained at the beginning of the deliverable, we see both processes as a linked journey, thus some recommendations apply to both pathways. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 38 І51 Utilise gamification and innovative communication strategies to integrate Circular Economy into residents' daily lives and promote active participation. sector, particularly involving individuals with limited access to the labour market. Implement training programs and disseminate information on the environmental, economic, and social impacts of Circular Economy practices to enhance community engagement and understanding. Rationale: The promotion of a permanent forum for Circular Economy awareness aligns with replicability by institutionalising knowledge-sharing mechanisms that other regions can adopt with minimal adaptation. The use of gamification and innovative communication strategies enhances engagement and participation, making it easier for communities to adopt Circular Economy principles. For scalability, supporting employment opportunities and business creation fosters economic resilience, ensuring that as the Circular Economy sector expands, it continues to integrate marginalised groups and generate long-term benefits. The inclusion of training programmes ensures that knowledge diffusion keeps pace with sectoral growth, providing a skilled workforce to sustain Circular Economy initiatives. Governance dimension Create regional forums on Circular Economy to bring together diverse stakeholders and foster dialogue and cooperation. Establish a public monitoring platform for green procurement. Implement a Circular Supplier Certification system to give advantages in public procurement processes. Develop policy strategies that promote multilevel governance initiatives, utilising regional policy instruments like the ERDF to align regional strategies with Circular Economy goals and boost participation in circular businesses. Create regional forums on Circular Economy to bring together diverse stakeholders and foster dialogue and cooperation. Develop policy strategies that promote multilevel governance initiatives, utilising regional policy instruments like the ERDF to align regional strategies with Circular Economy goals and boost participation in circular businesses. Rationale: The creation of regional forums for Circular Economy governance supports replicability by establishing a structured dialogue between stakeholders, allowing other regions to model their own governance structures accordingly. The introduction of public monitoring platforms and supplier certification systems further standardises Circular Economy practices, ensuring coherence across different jurisdictions. For scalability, policy strategies leveraging multi-level governance instruments, such as the ERDF, facilitate broader adoption by integrating Circular Economy goals into existing institutional frameworks, ensuring that regional initiatives can seamlessly align with national and European policies. Policy & Regulatory dimension Restructure public procurement to prioritise products and services that meet Circular Economy environmental standards, including incentives in contracts to enhance project life cycles. Simplify and clarify the legislative framework for Circular Economy, including regulation of by-products and end-of-waste criteria, measures against planned obsolescence, and ensuring spare parts availability. Restructure public procurement to prioritise products and services that meet Circular A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 39 І51 Promote pay-as-you-throw systems to discourage waste disposal and encourage recycling and waste reduction. Economy environmental standards, including incentives in contracts to enhance project life cycles. Rationale: The restructuring of public procurement towards Circular Economy standards ensures replicability by setting a precedent for sustainable purchasing criteria that can be adapted across different administrative levels. The introduction of pay-as-you-throw systems provides a proven financial incentive model for waste reduction that can be easily implemented elsewhere. In terms of scalability, simplifying the legislative framework for by-products and end-ofwaste criteria eliminates regulatory ambiguities, fostering a more predictable and efficient business environment that facilitates the expansion of Circular Economy solutions at a larger scale. Funding & Financial dimension Create new financial instruments tailored for both public administration and businesses to facilitate Circular Economy projects and investments. Ensure access to adequate financial resources by establishing special funds, risksharing mechanisms, and financial advisory services to support Circular Economy initiatives. Provide public funding, subsidies, and financial incentives to support Circular Economy initiatives and drive the transition to a circular economy. Create new financial instruments tailored for both public administration and businesses to facilitate Circular Economy projects and investments. Rationale: The creation of tailored financial instruments ensures replicability by offering adaptable funding mechanisms that can be modified to suit different regional and national contexts. Establishing special funds and risk-sharing mechanisms further enhances financial sustainability, making Circular Economy investments more attractive and reducing the financial risks associated with early-stage projects. For scalability, providing subsidies and financial incentives drives widespread adoption, ensuring that businesses and public administrations can transition towards Circular Economy practices without encountering prohibitive upfront costs. Technology & Innovation dimension Foster eco-design through targeted training activities and financial incentives to encourage sustainable product development. Stimulate innovation in product chains and Circular Economy entrepreneurship by providing funding, launching challenges, and allocating resources for living labs that test and develop new Circular Economy solutions Implement pilot projects within critical regional value chains to explore and refine Circular Economy practices, leveraging synergies with other funding instruments. Promote changes in industrial fabrication, support the development of green patents, and encourage the growth of high-tech and clean technology industries through dedicated programs and incentives. Implement pilot projects within critical regional value chains to explore and refine Circular Economy practices, leveraging synergies with other funding instruments. Promote changes in industrial fabrication, support the development of green patents, and encourage the growth of high-tech and clean technology industries through dedicated programs and incentives. Foster the use of traceability tools/digital passports in industry to achieve full value chain visibility. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 40 І51 Foster the use of traceability tools/digital passports in industry to achieve full value chain visibility. Rationale: The harmonisation of end-of-waste criteria between countries ensures replicability by providing a common regulatory framework that facilitates the exchange of secondary raw materials across borders. The introduction of standardised certification schemes and sustainability labels enhances consumer and business confidence, making it easier to scale Circular Economy initiatives by providing clear market signals and quality assurances. By establishing a recognised framework, new businesses can seamlessly enter the market, ensuring a smoother and more predictable expansion. Standardisation dimension Harmonise end-of-waste criteria between countries. Introduce new labels for reusing secondary raw materials in certified building or Circular Economy projects. Establish harmonised certification schemes to support, prove, and verify the statements of sustainability for new products and processes. Harmonise end-of-waste criteria between countries. Establish harmonised certification schemes to support, prove, and verify the statements of sustainability for new products and processes. Introduce new labels for reusing secondary raw materials in certified building or Circular Economy projects. Rationale: The harmonisation of end-of-waste criteria between countries ensures replicability by providing a common regulatory framework that facilitates the exchange of secondary raw materials across borders. The introduction of standardised certification schemes and sustainability labels enhances consumer and business confidence, making it easier to scale Circular Economy initiatives by providing clear market signals and quality assurances. By establishing a recognised framework, new businesses can seamlessly enter the market, ensuring a smoother and more predictable expansion. Capacity Building dimension Support educational programs to train scholars in Circular Economy at all educational levels. Implement training activities aimed at different target groups (students, enterprises, public institutions) to create new knowledge and a cultural background favourable to the Circular Economy, ranging from low-qualified to highly qualified workers. Support educational programs to train scholars in Circular Economy at all educational levels. Implement training activities aimed at different target groups (students, enterprises, public institutions) to create new knowledge and a cultural background favourable to the Circular Economy, ranging from low-qualified to highly qualified workers. Enhance the creation of knowledge exchange and learning networks on Circular Economy. Rationale: Supporting educational programmes at all levels ensures replicability by fostering a foundational knowledge base that can be disseminated across different educational institutions and professional sectors. The implementation of targeted training activities ensures that Circular Economy principles are integrated into diverse industries, making it easier to scale practices as demand for skilled professionals grows. Additionally, the development of knowledge exchange networks fosters collaboration between regions, allowing best practices to be rapidly shared and adopted at a larger scale, ensuring that expertise keeps pace with sectoral development. A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 47 І51 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 48 І51 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 49 І51 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 50 І51 A2C – Deliverable D7.16v2.0 Page 51 І51