The climate modelling-observation interface

Model benchmarking and evaluation Process analysis Science-ready simulations Model initialisation Model verification Model simulations Model development Key stages of Earth System Models Data processing to products (L2) Value added services (L4) Dissemination & delivery products (L2−3) Data verification & quality assurance (L1) Data acquisition (L0) Testing & calibration Instrument design & development Preliminary design / feasibility Mission concept Key stages of Earth Observation identifies reference data gaps for model diagnostics feedback on user requirements provide datasets for verification and validation encourages coordinated development to integrate new observations into models inform new parameterisations (e.g. new ML techniques) provides forcing datasets, initial conditions and tuning identifies need for new & improved observations (new variables, spatial & temporal resolution) investigates whether suitable observations already exist provide dataset for benchmarking (e.g. Obs4MIPs) evaluate new climate parameterisations derive statistical or signal detection quantities performs baseline comparisons, bias correction, spectral calibration and simulation studies to tune instrument sensitivity and accuracy requires common metadata & format standards, uncertainty information provide updates to forcing datasets, parameter estimations Climate information