Supplementary material 1 from: Galasso G, Domina G, Ardenghi NMG, Argenti E, Azzella MM, Bacchetta G, Bajona E, Barone G, Bartolucci F, Bertotto G, Bonivento E, Brundu G, Calvia G, Camilletti M, Costanzo E, Croce A, Cuena-Lombraña A, Del Guacchio E, Di Gristina E, Falcinelli F, Fois M, Fortini P, Giardini M, Guiggi A, Kompatscher K, Lallai A, Lonati M, Lozano V, Lucchese F, Meneguzzo E, Nota G, Pirani S, Podda L, Quaranta L, Quattrini G, Ravetto Enri S, Ruggero A, Sarigu M, Tomaselli V, Lastrucci L (2025) Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 20. Italian Botanist 20: 109-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.20.179465

Italian Botanist 20 Supplementary data to Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 20 Edited by G. Galasso, F. Bartolucci Categories concerning the occurrence status of taxa follow Galasso et al. (2024). 1. Nomenclatural updates Family Nomenclature according to Galasso et al. (2024) Revised nomenclature References/Notes Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia repens L. subsp. diandra (L.) Maire & Weiller Boerhavia diandra L. Kotiya et al. (2020) Valerianaceae Centranthus macrosiphon Boiss. Valeriana macrosiphon (Boiss.) E.Vilm. De Castro et al. (2025), De Luca and De Castro (2025) Cactaceae Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) Britton & Rose Echinopsis chamaecereus H.Friedrich & Glaetzle de Vos et al. (2025) Oleaceae Jasminum primulinum Hemsl. Jasminum primulinum Hemsl. ex Baker Protologue verified; synonym of Jasminum mesnyi Hance Poaceae Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Nees Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. is a nomen invalidum IPNI (2025 [onwards]) Vitaceae Parthenocissus inserta (A.Kern.) Fritsch Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Wu et al. (2025) Geraniaceae Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H.Bailey Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. Crespo (2015) Verbenaceae Phyla canescens (Kunth) Greene Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Rosaceae Pyracantha crenatoserrata (Hance) Rehder Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Cactaceae Selenicereus triangularis (L.) D.R.Hunt Hylocereus triangularis (L.) Britton & Rose de Vos et al. (2025) Cactaceae Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose de Vos et al. (2025) Cactaceae Soehrensia candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. Echinopsis candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber ex D.R.Hunt de Vos et al. (2025) Cactaceae Soehrensia spachiana (Lem.) Schlumpb. Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley de Vos et al. (2025) Plantaginaceae Veronica tournefortii C.C.Gmel., non Vill., nom. illeg. Veronica tournefortii C.C.Gmel., non (Vill.) F.W.Schmidt, nom. illeg. Synonym of Veronica filiformis Sm. 2. Note updates Family Taxon Note update References/Notes Ranunculaceae Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux So far this species has not been found in nature in Italy, but it is highly probable that it can escape from cultivation (W.K. Rottensteiner, in litteris). Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera L. Confused with A. verticillata (Ard.) Lam. (Galasso 2015; Domina et al. 2025). Galasso (2015), Domina et al. (2025) Brassicaceae Brassica elongata Ehrh. subsp. elongata Confused with B. fruticulosa Cirillo subsp. fruticulosa (Domina et al. 2025). Domina et al. (2025) Poaceae Bromus brachystachys Hornung Confused with B. arvensis L. subsp. arvensis (Domina et al. 2025). Domina et al. (2025) Asteraceae Centaurea kanitziana Janka ex D.Brândză Confused with C. stoebe L. (Domina et al. 2025). Domina et al. (2025) Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. Often confused with C. laetevirens (Hiyama) Nakaike (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2023; Antonietti et al. 2025). Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2023), Antonietti et al. (2025) Poaceae Panicum hillmanii Chase The species was reported by Galasso et al. (2018a) based on a herbarium specimen of P. capillare L. stored at MSNM and revised by Filip Verloove as P. hillmanii. A follow-up inspection revealed that the Galasso et al. (2018a), Domina et al. (2025) specimens revised by Verloove as P. hillmanii are from Belgium (MSNM26108, MSNM26109), not from Lombardia (Domina et al. 2025). Solanaceae Physalis nicandroides Schltdl. According to Leoni et al. (2025), previous records for Lombardia (CR and LC provinces) could have been confused with P. pruinosa L. Leoni et al. (2025) Rosaceae Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Synonymy according to Feng et al. (2021); interpretation of the epithet fortuneana according to Webb et al. (1988) and Clement (2012). Webb et al. (1988), Clement (2012), Feng et al. (2021) Fabaceae Robinia ×ambigua Poir. Parentage: R. pseudoacacia L. × R. viscosa Vent. Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch. Add: This species has been completely eradicated in Lazio (Buccomino et al. 2011; Domina et al. 2025) and has disappeared from Toscana and Sardegna (Domina et al. 2025). Buccomino et al. (2011), Domina et al. (2025) 3. Distribution updates Family Taxon Distribution update References/Notes Ranunculaceae Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux N CAS ITA; A CAS VEN Argenti (2025) Pteridaceae Adiantum raddianum C.Presl N NAT ITA; P A NAT PIE Dellavedova et al. (2025b) Rosaceae Agrimonia repens L. N NP ITA; NP UMB Domina et al. (2025) Amaranthaceae Amaranthus emarginatus Salzm. ex Uline & W.L.Bray subsp. pseudogracilis (Thell.) Hügin P A NAT LOM Bonali (2025) Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera L. N NP ITA; NP VEN Domina et al. (2025) Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa L. P A INV LAZ Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Basellaceae Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis A CAS LOM Galasso (2025) Apocynaceae Araujia sericifera Brot. P A NAT TOS Gestri and Peruzzi (2013) Asteraceae Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte P A INV SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Salviniaceae Azolla cristata Kaulf. P A SIC Minissale and Sciandrello (2017), Domina et al. (2025) Brassicaceae Brassica elongata Ehrh. subsp. elongata N NP ITA; NP CAM Domina et al. (2025) Poaceae Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub N NAT ITA; P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Poaceae Bromus brachystachys Hornung N NP ITA; NP FVG Domina et al. (2025) Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. N NAT ITA; P A NAT VEN Da Pozzo et al. (2025) Casuarinaceae Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng. N CAS ITA; A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Asteraceae Centaurea babylonica (L.) L. N NP ITA; NP SAR Domina et al. (2025) Asteraceae Centaurea kanitziana Janka ex D.Brândză N NP ITA; NP VEN Domina et al. (2025) Poaceae Ceratochloa sitchensis (Trin.) Cope & Ryves A CAS LOM Banfi (2025) Apiaceae Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. subsp. bulbosum NP VEN Argenti (2025) Apiaceae Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. subsp. bulbosum P A NAT TOS De Bellis et al. (2024) Amaranthaceae Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. N D ITA; D A TAA Domina et al. (2025) Calycanthaceae Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link A CAS VEN Elerdini et al. (2025) Commelinaceae Commelina erecta L. A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Rosaceae Cotoneaster divaricatus Rehder & E.H.Wilson N NAT ITA; P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Rosaceae Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Asteraceae Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook.f. P A NAT LOM Bonali (2025) Asteraceae Cotula sericea L.f. N CAS ITA; A CAS TOS Peruzzi et al. (2025) Iridaceae Crocus tommasinianus Herb. A CAS VEN Argenti (2025) Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. N NAT ITA; P A NAT PIE Antonietti et al. (2025) Hydrangeaceae Deutzia crenata Siebold & Zucc. P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Caryophyllaceae Dianthus plumarius L. subsp. plumarius N CAS ITA; A CAS VEN, D A TOS Domina et al. (2025) Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum Raf. A CAS LAZ Pinzani et al. (2025) Poaceae Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees A CAS VEN Argenti (2025) Iridaceae Eremiris lactea (Pall.) Rodion. NP PIE Domina et al. (2025) Ranunculaceae Eriocapitella hupehensis (É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng N CAS ITA; A CAS TOS Peruzzi et al. (2025) Apiaceae Eryngium creticum Lam. N EX ITA; EX A TOS, EX A MAR Domina et al. (2025) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino N CAS? ITA; P A VEN Reichert et al. (2018), Argenti (2025); according to POWO (2025a [onwards]), the species is alien in Italy Iridaceae Evansia japonica (Thunb.) Klatt P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Polygonaceae Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. A CAS VEN Argenti (2025) Moraceae Ficus watkinsiana F.M.Bailey A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Oleaceae Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl A CAS LOM Bonali (2025) Oleaceae Forsythia viridissima Lindl. N NAT ITA; P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Liliaceae Fritillaria persica L. N CAS ITA; A CAS EMR Domina et al. (2025) treat the species as NC A MAR, writing that Mattei (1886) stated “naturalized and abundant”; actually Mattei (1886) simply wrote “inselvatichita” (alien), so it is more correct to consider it as a casual alien (from the past) Poaceae Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. P A NAT VEN Argenti (2025) Poaceae Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze N CAS ITA; A CAS PIE Domina et al. (2025) report this species as EX A PIE, but wrote “reported as ephemeral and already disappeared by Gola (1910)”. Indeed, Gola (1910) wrote exactly that, and therefore it is more correct to consider it as a casual alien (from the past) Asteraceae Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet subsp. scabra (Dunal) T.R.Fisher A CAS VEN Argenti (2025) Asparagaceae Honorius nutans (L.) Gray NC A UMB Domina et al. (2025) Saururaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb. A CAS LOM Marenzi and Bonali (2025), Mazzi and Truzzi (2025) Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. N CAS ITA; A CAS LOM Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Hypericaceae Hypericum balearicum L. N NC ITA; NC A LIG Domina et al. (2025) Iridaceae Iris florentina L. P A NAT TOS Gestri and Peruzzi (2013) Iridaceae Iris pallida Lam. P A NAT TOS Gestri and Peruzzi (2013), Peruzzi et al. (2025) Juncaceae Juncus dudleyi Wiegand N CAS ITA; A CAS VEN Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Acanthaceae Justicia adhatoda L. N NAT ITA; P A NAT SIC Domina et al. (2025) Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense Lour. P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense Lour. A CAS BAS Pinzani et al. (2025) Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. A CAS VEN Elerdini et al. (2025) Campanulaceae Lobelia erinus L. A CAS LAZ Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica L. A CAS TOS Peruzzi et al. (2025) Caryophyllaceae Lychnis chalcedonica L. A CAS MAR Domina et al. (2025) Solanaceae Lycium barbarum L. P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Solanaceae Lycium ferocissimum Miers N INV ITA; P A INV SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Lythraceae Lythrum thesioides M.Bieb. N CAS ITA; NP LOM, A CAS VEN, A CAS EMR Domina et al. (2025) Berberidaceae Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. A CAS BAS Pinzani et al. (2025) Solanaceae Mandragora officinarum L. EX A MAR Domina et al. (2025) Cupressaceae Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng N CAS ITA; A CAS PIE Lonati et al. (2025) Poaceae Miscanthus sinensis Andersson A CAS LAZ Pinzani et al. (2025) Moraceae Morus kagayamae Koidz. A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Asparagaceae Muscari macrocarpum Sweet N EX ITA; EX A MAR Domina et al. (2025) Amaryllidaceae Narcissus ×cyclazetta Chater & Stace nothosubsp. cyclazetta A CAS ABR Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Amaryllidaceae Narcissus Small-cupped Daffodil Group (Division 3) A CAS LOM Galasso et al. (2025) Brassicaceae Ochthodium aegyptiacum (L.) DC. N EX ITA; EX A TOS Domina et al. (2025) Onagraceae Oenothera latipetala (Soldano) Soldano P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Cactaceae Opuntia elatior Mill. A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii Jacq. A CAS LAZ Pinzani et al. (2025) Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii Jacq. NP MAR Domina et al. (2025) report this species as NC A MAR, but wrote “Camerino in the Botanical Garden (1965, PESA)”; therefore it is more correct to consider it as erroneously reported as escaped Oxaloidaceae Oxalis stricta L. P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta L. NC A UMB Domina et al. (2025) Oxalidaceae Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. N CAS ITA; A CAS PIE, A CAS LOM Zero (2025) Paeoniaceae Paeonia ×suffruticosa Andrews N CAS ITA; A CAS MAR Domina et al. (2025) report this species as NC A MAR, but wrote “Scapezzano di Senigallia (1949, casual alien in Viegi et al. 2003)”; therefore it is more correct to consider it as a casual alien (from the past) Poaceae Panicum hillmanii Chase N NP ITA; NP LOM Domina et al. (2025) Poaceae Panicum virgatum L. A CAS LOM Galasso and Banfi (2025) Papaveraceae Papaver setiferum Goldblatt N CAS ITA; A CAS LOM Coltri et al. (2025) Solanaceae Physalis nicandroides Schltdl. N D ITA; D A LOM Leoni et al. (2025) Solanaceae Physalis pruinosa L. N CAS ITA; A CAS LOM Leoni et al. (2025) Plantaginaceae Plantago loeflingii L. N NP ITA; NP SAR Domina et al. (2025) Dryopteridaceae Polystichum luctuosum (Kunze) T.Moore N CAS ITA; A CAS PIE Dellavedova et al. (2025a) Salicaceae Populus deltoides W.Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides A CAS TOS Lazzeri (2017) Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora Hook. A CAS CAM Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Rosaceae Prunus cerasus L. P A NAT TOS Gestri and Peruzzi (2013) Rosaceae Prunus laurocerasus L. P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Rosaceae Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder A CAS VEN Elerdini et al. (2025) Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum L. N NAT ITA; P A NAT TAA Mei and Wellstein (2025) Fabaceae Robinia ×ambigua Poir. N CAS ITA; A CAS SAR Calvia et al. (2025) Rosaceae Rosa multiflora Thunb. P A NAT TOS Gestri and Peruzzi (2013) Salicaceae Salix viminalis L. NC A UMB Domina et al. (2025) Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitch. N EX ITA; EX A TOS, EX A LAZ, EX A SAR Domina et al. (2025) Asteraceae Santolina chamaecyparissus L. NC A SIC Domina et al. (2025) Poaceae Secale cereale L. subsp. cereale A CAS TOS Peruzzi et al. (2025) reported the taxon as naturalized, but this is certainly an error of interpretation Solanaceae Solanum americanum Mill. N CAS ITA; A CAS SIC Giardina et al. (2007) Solanaceae Solanum pseudocapsicum L. A CAS PIE Soldano (2025) Solanaceae Solanum pseudocapsicum L. A CAS BAS Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Poaceae Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P.M.Peterson & Saarela N D ITA; D A VEN Domina et al. (2025) Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L.Nesom N NAT ITA; P A NAT TAA Domina et al. (2025) Tamaricaceae Tamarix parviflora DC. P A NAT TOS Gestri et al. (2023) Valerianaceae Valeriana macrosiphon (Boiss.) E.Vilm. P A NAT TOS Peruzzi et al. (2025) Arecaceae Washingtonia robusta H.Wendl. A CAS EMR Roma-Marzio et al. (2025) Asparagaceae Yucca gigantea Lem. A CAS SIC Mondello et al. (2025) Araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. P A NAT LOM Mazzi and Truzzi (2025) 4. Synonyms, misapplied or included names Family Synonym, misapplied or included name Accepted name References/Notes Malvaceae Abutilon striatum Dicks. ex Lindl. f. palmatifidum Ekman Callianthe picta (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Donnell O’Leary and Moroni (2025) Malvaceae Abutilon venosum Lem. var. brevicalyx K.Schum. Callianthe picta (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Donnell O’Leary and Moroni (2025) Oxalidaceae Acetosella papilionacea (Hoffmanns. ex Zucc.) Kuntze Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Oxalidaceae Acetosella regnellii (Miq.) Kuntze Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Oxalidaceae Acetosella triangularis (A.St.- Hil.) Kuntze Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Acanthaceae Adhatoda adhatoda (L.) Huth, nom. inval. Justicia adhatoda L. Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. Justicia adhatoda L. Pteridaceae Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch., non G.Forst., nom. illeg. Adiantum raddianum C.Presl Pteridaceae Adiantum cuneipinnulum N.C.Nair & S.R.Ghosh, nom. illeg. Adiantum raddianum C.Presl Juncaceae Agathryon dudleyi (Wiegand) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków Juncus dudleyi Wiegand Vitaceae Ampelopsis heptaphylla Buckley, non (L.) Schult., nom. illeg. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Ranunculaceae Anemone hupehensis (É.Lemoine) É.Lemoine Eriocapitella hupehensis (É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng Ranunculaceae Anemone japonica (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. var. hupehensis É.Lemoine Eriocapitella hupehensis (É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng Dryopteridaceae Aspidium luctuosum Kunze Polystichum luctuosum (Kunze) T.Moore Scrophulariaceae Blattaria virgata (Stokes) Fourr. Verbascum virgatum Stokes Poaceae Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub subsp. pumpelliana (Scribn.) W.A.Weber Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub Poaceae Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. pumpellianus (Scribn.) Wagnon Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub Poaceae Bromus pumpellianus Scribn. Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub Cyperaceae Carex festiva Dewey var. pachystachya (Cham. ex Steud.) L.H.Bailey Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. Cyperaceae Carex macloviana d’Urv. subsp. pachystachya (Cham. ex Steud.) Hultén Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. Cyperaceae Carex macloviana d’Urv. var. pachystachya (Cham. ex Steud.) Kük. Carex pachystachya Cham. ex Steud. Araliaceae Centella verticillata (Thunb.) Fourc. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Valerianaceae Centranthus calcitrapae (L.) Dufr. var. macrosiphon (Boiss.) Pau Valeriana macrosiphon (Boiss.) E.Vilm. Geraniaceae Ciconium ×hybridum (L.) Sweet Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. Asteraceae Cotula fallax D.J.N.Hind Cotula sericea L.f. Rosaceae Crataegus crenulata (D.Don) Roxb. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Acanthaceae Ecbolium adhatoda (L.) Kuntze Justicia adhatoda L. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia boissieriana (Woronow) Prokh. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. f. linariifolia G.Froel. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Molero & Rovira Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. subsp. saratoi (Ardoino) P.Fourn. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. var. orientalis (Boiss.) Kuzmanov Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. var. pseudotenuifolia Sennen Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula L. var. saratoi (Ardoino) Fiori Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia intercedens Podp., non Pax, nom. illeg. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia jucula Prod. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia linariifolia (G.Froel.) G.Froel., non Lam., nom. illeg. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia orientalis (Boiss.) Velen., non L., nom. illeg. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia podperae Croizat Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Velen. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. var. lutescens Rehmann & Woł. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. var. orientalis Boiss. Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia virgultosa Klokov Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Reichert et al. (2018) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia waldsteinii (Soják) Radcl.-Sm. subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Oudejans Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia waldsteinii (Soják) Radcl.-Sm. subsp. saratoi (Ardoino) Oudejans Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino Poaceae Forasaccus pumpellianus (Scribn.) Lunell Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub Acanthaceae Gendarussa adhadota (L.) Steud. Justicia adhatoda L. Geraniaceae Geranium ×hybridum L. Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. Geraniaceae Geranium ×roseum (Ehrh.) Poir., non Andrews, nom. illeg. Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. POWO (2025d [onwards]) Araliaceae Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. var. communis Cham. & Schltdl., nom. illeg. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Araliaceae Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. var. verticillata (Thunb.) Pers. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Hydrocharitaceae Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Hunz. Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Willd. subsp. dudleyi (Wiegand) P.Fourn. Juncus dudleyi Wiegand Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Wiegand) F.J.Herm. Juncus dudleyi Wiegand Hydrocharitaceae Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. Hydrocharitaceae Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Steud. subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Lowden Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. Verbenaceae Lippia aegyptiaca Delchev. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia fruticosa (Mill.) K.Kenn. ex R.W.Sanders Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia lanceolata Michx. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fernald & Griscom Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia linearis Kunth Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. f. sericea Kuntze Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. acutifolia Kuntze Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. lanceolata (Michx.) Alph.Wood Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. pusilla Briq. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. reptans (Kunth) Kuntze Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. rosea (D.Don) Munz Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. strigulosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) J.F.Macbr. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. suborbicularis Chevall. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. subsessilis Bornm. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. tarraconensis Sennen Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia queretarensis Kunth Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia reptans Kunth Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Lippia strigulosa M.Martens & Galeotti Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Lythraceae Lythrum thesioides M.Bieb. subsp. geminiflorum (Bertol.) Rouy & E.G.Camus Lythrum thesioides M.Bieb. Rosaceae Mespilus loureiroi Kostel. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Cupressaceae Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng subsp. caespitosa (Y.H.Long & Y.Wu) Silba Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng POWO (2025c [onwards]) Cupressaceae Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng subsp. neopangaea (Silba) Silba Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng POWO (2025c [onwards]) Cupressaceae Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng var. caespitosa Y.H.Long & Y.Wu Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng POWO (2025c [onwards]) Cupressaceae Metasequoia honshuenensis Silba & Callahan Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng POWO (2025c [onwards]) Cupressaceae Metasequoia neopangaea Silba Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng POWO (2025c [onwards]) Lythraceae Middendorfia thesioides (M.Bieb.) Tacik Lythrum thesioides M.Bieb. Valerianaceae Ocymastrum macrosiphon (Boiss.) Kuntze Valeriana macrosiphon (Boiss.) E.Vilm. Oxalidaceae Oxalis papilionacea Hoffmanns. ex Zucc. Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Oxalidaceae Oxalis regnellii Miq. Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Oxalidaceae Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. subsp. papilionacea (Hoffmanns. ex Zucc.) Lourteig Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil. Poaceae Panicum capillare L. subsp. hillmanii (Chase) Freckmann & Lelong Panicum hillmanii Chase Papaveraceae Papaver bracteatum Lindl. var. pseudo-orientale Fedde Papaver setiferum Goldblatt Papaveraceae Papaver intermedium A.DC., non Becker, nom. illeg. Papaver setiferum Goldblatt Papaveraceae Papaver orientale L. var. intermedium Grossh. Papaver setiferum Goldblatt Papaveraceae Papaver pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw., non E.G.Camus, nom. illeg. Papaver setiferum Goldblatt Vitaceae Parthenocissus heptaphylla (Planch.) Britton Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Wu et al. (2025) Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. var. heptaphylla Planch. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Geraniaceae Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. var. roseum (Ehrh.) G.Don Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. POWO (2025d [onwards]) Geraniaceae Pelargonium ×roseum Ehrh. Pelargonium ×hybridum (L.) L’Hér. POWO (2025d [onwards]) Verbenaceae Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla fruticosa (Mill.) K.Kenn. ex Wunderlin & B.F.Hansen Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla ×intermedia Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene f. ahlesii Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene var. recognita (Fernald and Griscom) Soper Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla linearis (Kunth) Tronc. & López-Pal. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene f. copiapina Acevedo Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene f. spathulata Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. antillana Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. galapagensis Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. longifolia Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. pusilla (Briq.) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. reptans (Kunth) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. rosea (D.Don) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. subsessilis (Bornm.) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. texensis Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla reptans (Kunth) Greene Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla strigulosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla strigulosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla yucatana Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Verbenaceae Phyla yucatana Moldenke var. parvifolia Moldenke Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Solanaceae Physalis cordifolia Dunal Physalis pruinosa L. Martínez et al. (2023) Solanaceae Physalis maxima Mill. Physalis pruinosa L. Martínez et al. (2023) Verbenaceae Pilopus nodiflora (L.) Raf. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Cardoso et al. (2025) Dryopteridaceae Polystichum lobatum (Huds.) Bastard var. luctuosum (Kunze) Christ Polystichum luctuosum (Kunze) T.Moore Vitaceae Psedera heptaphylla (Planch.) Rehder Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Rosaceae Pyracantha atalantioides (Hance) Stapf Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Rosaceae Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. var. kansuensis Rehder Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Rosaceae Pyracantha discolor Rehder Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Rosaceae Pyracantha gibbsii A.B.Jacks. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Rosaceae Pyracantha loureiroi (Kostel.) Merr. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. Feng et al. (2021) Rosaceae Pyracantha rogersiana (A.B.Jacks.) Bean f. aurantiaca Anon. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. POWO (2025e [onwards]) Rosaceae Pyracantha rogersiana (A.B.Jacks.) Bean f. flava Anon. Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. POWO (2025e [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia ×ambigua Poir. f. bellarosea (Voss) Geerinck Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia ×ambigua Poir. var. bella-rosea (Voss) Rehder Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia ×bella-rosea (Voss) G.Nicholson & Mottet Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia dubia Foucault var. bella-rosea (Voss) Rehder Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia ×hybrida Audib. ex DC. Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia L. × Robinia viscosa Vent. Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Fabaceae Robinia viscosa Vent. f. bellarosea Voss Robinia ×ambigua Poir. POWO (2025f [onwards]) Hydrocharitaceae Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. Cupressaceae Sequoia glyptostroboides (Hu & W.C.Cheng) Weide Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W.C.Cheng Solanaceae Solanum amarantoides Dunal Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum americanum Mill. subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend. Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum americanum Mill. var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum americanum Mill. var. patulum (L.) Edmonds Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum calvum Bitter Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum curtipes Bitter Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum depilatum Bitter Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018) Solanaceae Solanum desvauxii Ham., nom. illeg. Solanum americanum Mill. Särkinen et al. (2018)