A2C Data Integration System (Public Summary)

D1.13 – A2C Data Integration System (Public Summary) February 2025 Authors: Jaime Ortiz Aragón (CETEC); Xavier Paniello (EQU), Iker Larizgoitia (EVRY). Marcos Varveris (EXUS) This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N° 101036838. Ref. Ares(2025)1575910 - 27/02/2025 A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 2 І27 Technical references Project Acronym Agro2Circular Project Title TERRITORIAL CIRCULAR SYSTEMIC SOLUTION FOR THE UPCYCLING OF RESIDUES FROM THE AGRIFOOD SECTOR Project Coordinator Fuensanta Monzó CETEC [email protected] Project Duration October 2021 – March 2025 (42 months) Deliverable No. D1.13 Dissemination level* Work Package WP 1 - A2C Specifications, Residues Management and Data Integration System Task T1.5 - A2C Data Integration System (DIS) Lead beneficiary 1 (CETEC) Contributing beneficiary/ies 34 (EQU), 35 (EXUS), 36 (EVRY) Due date of deliverable 28 February 2025 Actual submission date 27 February 2025 * PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document history V Date Comments v0.1 17/02/25 First draft of document A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 3 І27 v0.2 25/02/25 Revised version based on the comments of Sofía Martínez-CTNCSalvador NavarroGWC v1.0 27/02/25 First final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. v1.1 First draft based upon first final version v2.0 Second final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. Document Distribution Log Version Date Distributed to v0.1 17/02/25 Salvador Navarro (GWC) and Sofía Martínez (CTNC) v0.2 25/02/25 Fuensanta Monzó (CETEC) v1.0 27/02/25 Jaime Ortiz (CETEC) Verification and approval Name Date Verification Final Draft by WP leader Jaime Ortíz Approval Final Deliverable by coordinator Fuensanta Monzó A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 4 І27 Disclaimer and acknowledgement This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036838 Disclaimer This document reflects only the views of the author(s) the European Research Executive Agency (REA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Whilst efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this document, the A2C consortium shall not be liable for any errors or omissions, however caused. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 5 І27 Table of contents List of abbreviations 6 Glossary 7 1 Executive summary <abstract> 8 2 Introduction 10 3 Deliverable Body 12 3.1 Existing challenges 12 3.2 What has been developed 15 3.2.1 Partners involved in the development 15 3.2.2 Technologies 16 3.3 How DIS contributes to the A2C systemic solution 18 3.4 Versatility of the solution: potential for other value chains and sectors 20 4 Conclusions 23 5 Evaluation of the results 24 6 Bibliography 27 List of Tables List of Figures A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 6 І27 List of abbreviations A2C – Agro2Circular AI – Artificial Intelligence API – Application Programming Interface DPP – Digital Product Passport DIS – Data Integration System DST – Decision Support Tool DSS – Decision Support System EBSI – European Blockchain Services Infrastructure EPCIS – Electronic Product Code Information Services EPR – Extended Producer Responsibility ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning EU – European Union GS1 – Global Standards for Supply Chain Traceability ICT – Information and Communication Technology IoT – Internet of Things ISO – International Organization for Standardization JSON-LD – JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data LCA – Life Cycle Assessment MCDM – Multi-Criteria Decision-Making QR Code – Quick Response Code REST API – Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface SaaS – Software as a Service SME – Small and Medium-sized Enterprise SOTA - State of the Art VC – Verifiable Credentia A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 7 І27 Glossary Blockchain – A decentralized, tamper-proof ledger used in DIS to ensure secure traceability and transparent data storage. Circular economy – An economic model that emphasizes waste reduction, material reuse, and resource efficiency to minimize environmental impact. Cloud computing – Internet-based computing that provides scalable data storage and processing power, allowing real-time access to DIS functionalities. Decision Support System (DSS) – A computer-based tool that helps stakeholders make informed decisions based on structured data analysis and multi-criteria evaluation. Digital Product Passport (DPP) – A digital identity assigned to products or materials to store and provide traceability data, including composition and sustainability attributes. End-to-End traceability – The ability to track waste and materials from their origin through the entire recycling and reuse process. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) – A regulatory policy that holds producers accountable for the environmental impacts of their products throughout the entire lifecycle. Interoperability – The ability of different digital systems and stakeholders to seamlessly exchange and use data. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – A method for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product, process, or system throughout its entire lifecycle. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) – A process that considers multiple economic, environmental, social, and regulatory factors to determine optimal waste recovery strategies. Predictive analytics – The use of AI models and historical data to forecast future trends, such as waste generation patterns and recycling efficiencies. Traceability – The ability to track and verify the movement, transformation, and origin of materials in a supply chain. Verifiable Credentials (VCs) – Digital proofs stored on a blockchain to verify sustainability claims, regulatory compliance, and material authenticity. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 8 І27 1 Executive summary <abstract> The Agro2Circular (A2C) Data Integration System (DIS) [1] represents a technological advance in waste traceability and circular economy innovation. Developed as a fundamental component of the A2C project, the DIS addresses critical challenges in waste management, including data fragmentation, lack of transparency, inefficient material recovery processes, and complex regulatory compliance requirements. By integrating a combination of cloud-based infrastructure, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and standardized traceability frameworks, the system provides real-time monitoring, decision support, and secure data exchange across the entire waste value chain. This comprehensive digital infrastructure ensures that waste materials are properly tracked, classified, and valorized, contributing to an efficient and transparent circular economy model. A major breakthrough of the DIS is its ability to provide end-to-end digital traceability, replacing traditional manual documentation methods with an automated system that enables real-time visibility into waste flows. This significantly reduces errors, mismanagement, and resource losses, while also ensuring that recycling processes become more efficient and secondary raw materials gain higher quality and market acceptance. By leveraging blockchain technology, the system guarantees the security and integrity of traceability data, preventing fraud, manipulation, and greenwashing. Through the use of Verifiable Credentials, sustainability claims and recycling certifications are stored in an immutable and auditable manner, ensuring that all stakeholders in the recycling process, from waste producers to regulatory bodies, can verify compliance with environmental policies and industry standards. Artificial intelligence plays a key role in enhancing the system’s effectiveness, with predictive analytics and multi-criteria decision-making tools supporting stakeholders in identifying the most efficient recycling pathways. By analyzing economic, environmental, and social factors, the Decision Support Tool integrated within DIS allows for informed decision-making, helping businesses and policymakers optimize material recovery strategies and reduce waste contamination. The system’s interoperability further increases its impact, as it aligns with international standards such as EPCIS 2.0 and JSON-LD, facilitating seamless data exchange between industries and regulatory frameworks. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 9 І27 The scalability of the DIS ensures that it is not limited to the agrifood and plastics recycling sectors but can be extended to various industries requiring supply chain visibility and circular economy integration. The system has the potential to be adapted to textile recycling, electronic waste management, automotive component reuse, and even smart city sustainability initiatives. By providing secure traceability and real-time data analytics, DIS enhances transparency in sectors where responsible sourcing, sustainable production, and ethical supply chain management are of growing importance. Through the integration of Digital Product Passports, the system allows consumers, manufacturers, and policymakers to access information about a product’s lifecycle, reinforcing confidence in sustainability claims and encouraging environmentally responsible production and consumption practices. By addressing challenges in regulatory compliance, the DIS simplifies the certification and auditing process for circular economy initiatives. Ensuring that companies can efficiently comply with Extended Producer Responsibility schemes and waste reduction targets, the system contributes to reducing administrative burdens while increasing accountability in waste management. Additionally, by improving efficiency in waste sorting, collection, and processing, the DIS enhances recycling performance, helping to minimize resource waste and improve the financial viability of circular business models. The A2C Data Integration System is not just a digital tool but a systemic solution that facilitates the transition toward a circular economy. Its ability to integrate cutting-edge technologies, such as blockchain security, artificial intelligence, and real-time data tracking, makes it a powerful enabler of sustainability strategies. Looking ahead, expanding its adoption beyond the A2C project can drive greater impact across various sectors, reinforcing digital traceability as a key pillar in waste valorization and sustainable resource management. With its adaptability, scalability, and compliance with global sustainability policies, the DIS has the potential to set a new standard for digitalization in circular economy models, ensuring that waste is no longer a liability but a valuable resource in the transition toward a more sustainable and resilient economy. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 16 І27 packaging, digital product passports, and blockchain solutions, Digimarc helps improve recycling efficiency, supply chain transparency, and counterfeit protection. 3.2.2 Technologies The Agro2Circular (A2C) project leverages cutting-edge digital technologies to ensure traceability, data security, and process optimization in waste management and recycling. The Data Integration System (DIS) serves as the backbone of these efforts, integrating cloud computing, identification QRs, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), digital product passports (DPP), and data analytics to enhance the transparency and efficiency of circular economy processes. These technologies enable real-time tracking of waste flows, support data-driven decision-making, and improve stakeholder collaboration across the supply chain. At the core of the DIS architecture is cloud computing, which provides the infrastructure for scalability, accessibility, and real-time processing. Cloud-based APIs facilitate seamless data exchange between different stakeholders, ensuring that waste producers, recyclers, and regulators can access and contribute data without delays. The system follows a RESTful API architecture, ensuring compatibility with existing enterprise solutions through standard HTTP requests. Secure authentication mechanisms protect access to sensitive traceability data while enabling real-time synchronization between the DIS platform, blockchain ledger, and external databases. This approach eliminates the inefficiencies associated with traditional manual record-keeping and allows for a more automated and data-driven waste management system. One of the most crucial technologies integrated into the DIS is blockchain, which ensures secure, transparent, and immutable traceability of materials throughout their lifecycle. Public blockchain technologies, specifically IOTA, under the European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI) framework, enable tamper-proof data anchoring and decentralized verification of supply chain transactions. Each traceability event, such as material transformation, transportation, or recycling, is hashed before being stored on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and auditability. This decentralized system prevents fraud, manipulation, or loss of data, creating a more trustworthy and transparent recycling ecosystem. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 17 І27 The integration of a Digital Product Passport (DPP) within the DIS further strengthens product lifecycle tracking. Products and materials are tagged with QR codes, linking them to their respective system unique identification, which store key metadata such as material composition, production origin, environmental footprint, and recyclability guidelines. When scanned, stakeholders, including manufacturers, recyclers, and consumers, gain immediate access to immutable product data, ensuring transparency, sustainability verification, and efficient sorting for recycling. To further optimize decision-making in waste valorization, A2C has developed an AI-powered Decision Support Tool (DST), integrated within the DIS platform. This tool offers advanced analytics for industrial processes, specifically in plastic recycling and agrifood waste management. It operates through five key components: 1. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load): Collects and processes raw data from recycling facilities, processors, and industrial sources, ensuring that data is structured for analysis. 2. Descriptive Analytics: Computes statistics on material flows, such as the amount of waste received, processed, and transformed over time. 3. Predictive Analytics: Uses ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models for time-series forecasting, predicting future waste availability and production levels. 4. Multi-Criteria Evaluation: Employs Hybrid-Fuzzy Logic models to analyze different recycling and processing routes, considering economic, environmental, and social factors to determine optimal value chains. 5. Dashboard Interface: Presents insights in a user-friendly format, enabling stakeholders to make data-driven decisions in real-time. By combining Big Data analytics with AI-driven forecasting, the DST enhances resource efficiency, optimizes recycling pathways, and improves sustainability outcomes. This tool allows stakeholders to make strategic decisions about which waste materials should be recycled, processed into secondary raw materials, or upcycled into high-value products. Through its combination of cloud-based services, blockchain security, AI-powered decision support, and digital product passports, the A2C Data Integration System (DIS) represents a transformative step toward a fully digitalized and efficient circular economy. By integrating state-of-the-art traceability, real-time analytics, and stakeholder collaboration A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 18 І27 mechanisms, the system ensures that waste is no longer seen as a liability, but as a valuable resource in the transition to a sustainable future. 3.3 How DIS contributes to the A2C systemic solution The A2C Data Integration System (DIS) provides a systemic solution to the fundamental challenges faced by the agrifood and plastic recycling sectors, as outlined in the first section. By leveraging digital traceability, blockchain security, AI-driven decision support, and standardized data exchange, DIS creates a more efficient, transparent, and circular waste management ecosystem. This section demonstrates how the technological components of DIS directly address the challenges related to data fragmentation, lack of digitalization, inefficiencies in recovery processes, regulatory complexity, and economic constraints. One of the core issues in waste management is the lack of digital traceability, which results in inefficiencies, errors, and regulatory non-compliance due to paper-based documentation and disconnected tracking systems. DIS resolves this problem by implementing end-to-end digital traceability, ensuring that waste materials, by-products, and recycled resources are tracked in real-time across the supply chain. By replacing manual record-keeping with a cloud-based platform, DIS enables real-time visibility into waste flows, reducing errors, delays, and material losses. This system also enhances regulatory compliance by providing secure, automated documentation that meets EU sustainability requirements, such as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and waste reduction targets. Another major challenge in the agrifood and plastics sectors is data fragmentation and the lack of digital integration among stakeholders. Waste producers, recyclers, manufacturers, and policymakers typically operate within isolated systems, using different data formats and reporting standards, which hinders collaboration and decision-making. The DIS addresses this interoperability challenge by integrating a common digital infrastructure that standardizes data collection, exchange, and processing. Compliance with EPCIS 2.0, JSON-LD, and GS1 standards ensures that all actors in the value chain can seamlessly share and access traceability data, enabling cross-sector collaboration and improving waste valorization processes. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 19 І27 The heterogeneity of waste streams, specially in multilayer plastics and organic agrifood by-products, creates obstacles in sorting, recycling, and recovery efficiency. Due to variations in material composition, contamination levels, and degradation rates, many recyclable materials are mishandled or lost. DIS tackles this challenge by using Digital Product Passports (DPPs) and blockchain-backed Digital Twins, assigning unique digital identities to materials that record composition, origin, processing history, and recyclability. By integrating QR codes and verifiable credentials, the system ensures that recyclers, manufacturers, and regulators can easily verify material properties, reducing contamination risks and improving sorting and processing efficiency. Economic challenges, such as the high cost of recycling compared to virgin plastic production and the reluctance of investors due to uncertain return on investment (ROI), also pose significant barriers to circular economy adoption. The DIS Decision Support Tool (DST) directly addresses this issue by leveraging AI-driven analytics to optimize waste recovery pathways. Through multi-criteria evaluation, the system helps identify the most cost-effective recycling methods by analyzing factors such as processing costs, material recovery rates, and market demand for secondary raw materials. Predictive analytics further enable waste managers to anticipate fluctuations in material availability, making it easier to plan long-term investments in circular economy solutions. By reducing operational uncertainties, the DIS helps improve business confidence in sustainable waste valorization. Regulatory complexity is another persistent issue that DIS effectively mitigates. Compliance with EU recycling and waste management regulations is often burdensome, requiring detailed documentation, certification, and audit trails. The integration of blockchain technology and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) within DIS ensures that all recorded events in the recycling chain remain immutable and auditable. By anchoring traceability data onto a tamper-proof blockchain ledger, DIS provides secure, fraud-resistant verification of sustainability claims, material origins, and waste processing activities. This not only simplifies regulatory reporting but also facilitates cross-border compliance with environmental directives, making it easier for companies operating in multiple regions to meet EU sustainability targets. Real-time processing and scalability were also identified as key technological barriers in the first section. Waste management involves continuous data inputs from multiple A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 20 І27 sources, requiring digital tools that can handle high-frequency processing without delays. DIS, built on a cloud-based architecture, ensures real-time data synchronization between waste producers, processors, and regulatory bodies. The use of scalable APIs and decentralized data storage allows the system to process large volumes of traceability events efficiently, ensuring that stakeholders receive up-to-date insights into waste flows and recycling activities. The modular, open-source design of DIS ensures that it can be adapted for different industries, making it a scalable solution beyond the A2C project. A final systemic challenge identified in the first section was the difficulty in integrating digital solutions into traditional waste management operations due to low digital literacy, reluctance to change, and cybersecurity concerns. DIS overcomes these barriers by providing a user-friendly interface that simplifies data input, analytics visualization, and compliance tracking. The integration of blockchain security ensures that all recorded transactions are protected from tampering, addressing stakeholder concerns over data integrity. Additionally, the system enables real-time tracking of sustainability efforts, providing consumers with transparent access to product lifecycle information and enhancing trust in recycled materials. 3.4 Versatility of the solution: potential for other value chains and sectors The A2C Data Integration System (DIS) is designed as a versatile, scalable, and adaptive solution capable of extending beyond agri-food and plastics recycling to other industries requiring traceability, circular economy integration, and sustainability validation. Its modular architecture, cloud-based infrastructure, and blockchain-backed transparency make it a powerful tool for any sector looking to enhance resource efficiency, lifecycle tracking, and regulatory compliance. By providing secure, real-time data exchange, AI-driven decision support, and Digital Product Passports (DPPs), the DIS enables businesses and policymakers to implement systemic circular economy strategies across multiple domains. The DIS is inherently designed to track, analyze, and optimize waste streams, making it highly adaptable to other recycling and waste valorization industries beyond plastics and agrifood by-products. The ability to integrate digital traceability, blockchain security, and A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 21 І27 predictive analytics ensures that industries dealing with complex waste materials can increase recovery efficiency, reduce waste mismanagement, and improve regulatory compliance. ● Other plastic and agricultural supply chains: The DIS can track organic certification, fair trade compliance, and food safety parameters, ensuring that producers, suppliers, and consumers have real-time access to origin and sustainability information. The DIS Traceability Tool has served as the core of two tools on other projects: Life program LifeT4C, for a circular solution of synthetic turf pitches [1], and ViSS on Horizon Europe [2] for transitioning into a more safe and sustainable bio-based plastic packaging. ● Textile recycling: The fashion industry faces increasing pressure to improve fiber recovery and reuse due to the environmental impact of fast fashion. The DIS can provide traceability of fabric composition, monitor waste collection and recycling rates, and ensure that sustainable materials are properly identified and sorted for reuse. ● Electronic waste (E-Waste) management: With growing concerns over hazardous materials and metal recovery in e-waste, DIS can be adapted to track electronic components, certify sustainable recycling practices, and validate responsible disposal of toxic elements. ● Construction and demolition waste: The reuse of building materials is critical for reducing landfill waste in the construction industry. The DIS traceability tools ensure that materials such as concrete, metals, and wood are properly classified, sorted, and reintegrated into secondary construction projects. ● Fashion & Apparel industry: Sustainability challenges in fast fashion require traceable material sourcing and ethical labor verification. The DIS can document the provenance of textiles, monitor fair wages, and validate sustainability claims, preventing greenwashing and supply chain fraud. ● Medical equipment & pharmaceuticals: As healthcare industries move toward sustainable medical devices and pharmaceutical waste recycling, the DIS can monitor product disposal, track recycling pathways, and prevent counterfeit goods from re-entering the supply chain. What is more, the DIS Traceability Tool will be the core of an ICT Platform of the ANIPH Horizon project [3] focused on using Biobased A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 22 І27 and biodegradable plastic products (BBpPs) are crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of fossil-based plastics, particularly in humanitarian crises where waste management is challenging. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 23 І27 4 Conclusions The A2C Data Integration System (DIS) is a direct response to the key challenges hindering waste management efficiency, recycling traceability, and circular economy integration. By providing end-to-end digital traceability, real-time AI-driven decision support, standardized data exchange, and secure blockchain verification, DIS eliminates barriers related to data fragmentation, regulatory complexity, waste mismanagement, and economic inefficiencies. Its scalability and interoperability ensure that it can be extended beyond plastics and agrifood waste, supporting multiple industries and expanding circular economy efforts at the European level. Through the integration of cutting-edge technologies, the DIS does not merely provide incremental improvements but rather drives a paradigm shift in waste valorization and resource efficiency. By aligning with EU sustainability directives and global circular economy principles, the system lays the foundation for a more transparent, efficient, and economically viable waste management ecosystem, one that can adapt, scale, and evolve in response to future technological and regulatory developments. A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 24 І27 5 Evaluation of the results The development of the A2C Data Integration System (DIS) represents a major advancement beyond the current state of the art in digital traceability, decision support systems, and circular economy process optimization. Existing traceability and decision-support solutions in waste management, particularly in agrifood and plastics recycling, have struggled with several key limitations, including high costs, lack of interoperability, and limited adaptability for SMEs. Additionally, while blockchain has been recognized as a powerful tool for enhancing supply chain traceability, its implementation in complex value chains such as agrifood and plastic waste recycling has faced challenges related to regulatory constraints, internal supply chain processes, and the need for significant organizational changes. With references to the SOTA described in A2C DoA, prior to A2C, several commercial traceability solutions existed, such as Carrefour IBM Food Trust, FairFood TRACE, TE-FOOD, Everledger, and BASF reciChain, which were primarily designed for large multinational corporations with complex ERP-managed supply chains. However, these solutions were often cost-prohibitive, lacked interoperability, and were not tailored for SMEs or diverse waste management applications. Similarly, commercial Decision Support Systems (DSS) for waste management, such as Aspen Plus®, Chemcad®, and SuperPro®, have been widely used for process simulation in the chemical, petroleum, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, no DSS had been developed specifically for circular value chains, particularly for modeling the composition of residual streams and simulating their valorization potential across different industries while considering economic, environmental, social, and regulatory factors. With the development of DIS, A2C has introduced an innovative and holistic digital framework that goes beyond these limitations, addressing the needs of both large industries and SMEs while ensuring seamless interoperability across different sectors and regulatory environments. The DIS integrates blockchain technology in a way that enhances supply chain traceability without the organizational and cost-related barriers that previously hindered blockchain adoption in complex waste management ecosystems. By implementing a decentralized, tamper-proof system for material tracking and verification, A2C – Deliverable D1.13v1.0 Page 25 І27 DIS provides a secure and transparent approach to traceability that overcomes the fragmentation of traditional supply chains. Furthermore, A2C has significantly advanced Decision Support Systems (DSS) for waste management by incorporating AI-driven predictive analytics and multi-criteria decision-making models. Unlike previous DSS platforms that relied primarily on static models and predefined rules, the A2C Decision Support Tool (DST) within DIS offers a dynamic and adaptive approach that considers real-time waste stream characteristics, market demand, operational costs, logistics, and sustainability assessments. The tool provides a holistic perspective by performing a technical scan of residual streams to determine their suitability for different industries, followed by an economic analysis at both the operational and logistical levels. This approach ensures that companies can make data-driven decisions about material recovery and valorization, optimizing circular processes in a way that was not possible with previous state-of-the-art DSS models. Another key advancement beyond the state of the art is the implementation of Digital Product Passports (DPPs) within DIS, enabling real-time lifecycle tracking of materials from production to recycling. Unlike traditional traceability systems, which often fail to provide complete visibility across different stages of waste transformation, DIS links industries and materials in their transformation processes, allowing stakeholders to visualize the path of recycled plastics and agrifood by-products. This capability enhances transparency in material flows, reduces the presence of contaminants in recycling streams, and ensures that high-value secondary raw materials can be reintegrated efficiently into industrial processes. The use of artificial intelligence in DIS goes beyond conventional process modeling, as the system is capable of forecasting residual stream characteristics and evaluating all available alternatives for valorization. The AI-powered Decision Support Tool predicts the best recovery pathways by considering technical feasibility, economic impact, environmental sustainability, and regulatory requirements. From an exploitability perspective, the DIS has significant potential for adoption beyond the A2C project, both within the consortium and across external industries. Within the A2C ecosystem, project partners can leverage DIS to enhance their own circular economy initiatives, optimizing waste valorization strategies and improving compliance with EU sustainability regulations. The system’s scalability and modularity make it ideal for