Reports on CMIP7 DDC and TG-Data Subgroup provenance Complex Citation at TG-Data F2F 2025

TG-Data Subgroup provenance / Complex Citation: Improving the input data archival process and the documentation of the figure creation process including credit assignment in AR7 Martina Stockhause, Beate Krüss, Graham Parton, Charlotte Pascoe, Lina Sitz, José Manuel Gutiérrez, Alessandro Spinuso, David Huard, Greta Adamo, Jonathan Blythe, Louise Darroch, Alexandra Kokkinaki, James Ayliffe, Justin Buck, Shelley Stall, Lesley Wyborn TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15714121 WHY PROVENANCE? Motivation for the TG-Data Subgroup 2 WMO INFCOM-3/INF. 8.3(6b) –2024 (CLIMATE DATA MANAGEMENT INCLUDING THE UPDATE OF THE CLIMATE DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS (WMO-NO. 1131)): "Data provenance establishes the authenticity and reliability of data by allowing an end-user to trace back to its source and understand the transformations it underwent.” […] “The need for this new type of climate metadata has become more evident following consistent attacks on the credibility of climate data. One notable example is the so called Climategate incident and subsequent inquiries." Application to IPCC: •IPCC assesses the latest climate change research at a specific date. This information (and related data) informs the Climate Change negotiations of UNFCCC. •Importance of long-term preservation of all assessed datasets used •Reliable provenance information and traceability requires the long-term availability of all digital resources: report / report figures, final dataset, software, and input data, and to connect them. •The DDC Partners are responsible for this long-term preservation of data. •Assignment of credit for authors generating software, final data and figures but also for input data providers is important. Data licenses like CC BY requires this acknowledgement of input data providers. •Provenance without long-term preserved input data in the DDC and input data disintegrating over time, lead to unreliable traceability information and might be used by Climate Sceptics to undermine the credibility of IPCC AR7 results. •Input data contain latest scientific results. The DDC for input data is essential for ensuring highly available science and the answering of cross-domain questions about climate change on the long-term. Role of the Input Data DDC: M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR6 Current situation in IPCC WGI AR6 General Access to Data and Code: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/resources/data-access/ https://github.com/IPCC-WG1 Data and Code Overview Figure Page (Input data missing): 3 Figure in the Report M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR6 Figure creation information - traceability Supplementary Materials: •Not indexed / no credit assigned •Not accessible by machines •Not sufficient for traceability •Not part of printed report version •Too detailed to be included in figure captions 4 Annex II: •Not indexed / no credit assigned •Not accessible by machines •Not connected to individual figures / Not sufficient for traceability •Too detailed to be included in figure captions M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR6 Retrofitting of input data information - credit 1. References to AR6 chapters added to input metadata and published to DataCite (http://bit.ly/CMIP6_in_IPCC) 5 2. DDC published CMIP6 input data references to DataCite 8417 591 570 497 (Source: http://corpus.datacite.org/dashboard, 2024-09-25) (Source: http://corpus.datacite.org/dashboard, 2025-11-18) 8417 M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR6 Complex Citation proof-of-concept 6 1. DKRZ enriched the metadata for its CMIP6 input data with references to final data, software and AR6 and published Zenodo records for the 107 figures, for which some information was provided by the AR6 WGI authors through the WGI TSU: https://zenodo.org/communities/ipccar6/records?q=%22CMIP6%20input%20data%20usage%20information%20for%20IPCC%20W GI%20AR6%20figure%22 2. Add references to Zenodo (“CCO”) objects to metadata of final and CMIP6 input data DDC repositories Complex Citation proof-of-concept as documentation of AR6 CMIP6 input data usage (funded by IPCC DDC grants): M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 7 Complex Citation RDA Complex Citation Implementation IG RDA Complex Citation Implementation IG –Recommendations: Agarwal, D., Ayliffe, J.O., Buck, J.J.H., Damerow, J., Stall, S., Stockhause, M., Wyborn, L., and RDA Complex Citation Working Group Members: Complex Citation WG Recommendation, https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00130, 2025. IPCC Use Case –Stockhause, M. (2023). RDA WG Complex Citation: Use case IPCC. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7684261 Recommendations: 1. Establishing a Complex Citation Object Metadata-only object and new type of DOI containing list of Linked Digital Objects 2. Enabling credit for creators/contributors of the Linked Digital Objects 3. Supporting provenance: through providing the relationship among the Linked Digital Objects and to the research object citing the Complex Citation Object. 4. Changing roles and responsibilities in research lifecycle and citation process is required. Vision: To create an approach for aggregate citation of use in scholarly literature of the digital objects to enable transparent (and reproducible in applicable communities) research and credit for the creators and contributors. Digital objects include data, software, physical samples, images, audio, video and any other supporting digital object. Ongoing Work: Standardization and implementation of the Complex Citation concept together with all relevant stakeholders. M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR7 Complex Citation in AR7 8 Using Complex Citation Objects for figure provenance and input data credit assignment and integrate it into figure captions: 1. Gathering required provenance information from IPCC authors used for input data preservation in the DDC (see report on the CMIP7 DDC) 2. Creating and publishing of a Complex Citation Object DOI per figure 3. Integrating Complex Citation Object references / links in the AR7: ○ in figure captions and figure pages (requires IPCC’s approval) ○in metadata records of input and final datasets through services like Event Data / Scholix 4. Integrating into publisher process at Cambridge University Press (requires IPCC’s approval and CUP’s support) Vision of a full implementation of the Complex Citation approach into IPCC WGI AR7; contributions from IPCC are blue and from external partners black (source: Stockhause et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15790512). M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560 IPCC FAIR AR7 Complex Citation in AR7 (Status 12/2025) 9 TG-Data Subgroup provenance / Complex Citation: 1. Gathering required provenance information from IPCC authors used for input data preservation in the DDC: ○Work on provenance template in collaboration with REF and Jupyter projects could not be finalized and has to be continued within the TGData Subgroup ○Discussion with WGI TSU on provenance integration into author data request and simple provenance generating tool 2. Creating and publishing of a Complex Citation Object DOI per figure: ○RDA Complex Citation Implementation IG (CCI IG) works on standardization and implementation of the Complex Citation concept 3. Integrating Complex Citation Object references / links in the AR7 (requires IPCC’s approval -suspended) 4. Integrating into publisher process at Cambridge University Press (requires IPCC’s approval and CUP’s support - suspended) Vision of a full implementation of the Complex Citation approach into IPCC WGI AR7; contributions from IPCC are blue and from external partners black (source: Stockhause et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15790512). Loss of input data DDC Partner in 01/2025 and DKRZ’s final leave of TG-Data end 12/2025 have questioned this initiative. M. Stockhause et al.: Reports on CMIP7 DDC and WDS, TG-Data F2F, Frankfurt, 10-13 December 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17804560