Checklist of Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) of Albania

© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Open Access Checklist of Pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) of Albania Martina Červená1,§,* , Giulio Gardini2, Daniel Jablonski1, and Jana Christophoryová1,§,* 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia. *Co-correspondence: E-mails: [email protected] (Červená); [email protected] (Christophoryová). E-mail: [email protected] (Jablonski) 2Via Monte Corno 12/1, I-16166 Genova, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] (Gardini) §MČ and JCH contributed equally to this work. Received 8 July 2020 / Accepted 26 January 2021 / Published 6 April 2021 Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan A checklist is presented comprising 42 species in 21 genera and 10 families of the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones from Albania. Two taxa are identified only to the genus level – Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 and Roncus L. Koch, 1873. The checklist was constructed according to available published data, material deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna and newly collected material. Individual families contained the following numbers of species: Chthoniidae (8), Neobisiidae (13), Garypinidae (1), Geogarypidae (2), Olpiidae (1), Cheiridiidae (1), Atemnidae (1), Cheliferidae (7), Chernetidae (7) and Withiidae (1). Sixteen species and four families (Garypinidae, Cheiridiidae, Atemnidae, Withiidae) are recorded for the first time in Albania – Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931, C. rhodochelatus Hadži, 1933, C. tenuis L. Koch, 1873, Ephippiochthonius serbicus (Hadži, 1937), E. tuberculatus (Hadži, 1937), Amblyolpium dollfusi Simon, 1898, Geogarypus italicus Gardini, Galli and Zinni, 2017, Apocheiridium ferum (Simon, 1879), Atemnus syriacus (Beier, 1955), Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (Beier, 1929), Hysterochelifer cyprius (Beier, 1929), H. meridianus (L. Koch, 1873), Rhacochelifer peculiaris (L. Koch, 1873), Dinocheirus panzeri (C.L. Koch, 1837), Lamprochernes chyzeri (Tömösváry, 1883) and Withius piger (Simon, 1878). Moreover, A. dollfusi and G. italicus are newly recorded from the Balkans. Data on European distribution, habitat preferences and taxonomic considerations are reported. The Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna is compared with that of other Balkan countries. Key words: Balkans, Distribution, Diversity, New records, Southeast Europe. BACKGROUND Albania is located in the southwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It lies at the interface between the mountainous Balkans and the Mediterranean region. Despite the fact that Albania is a small country, it is rich in biological landscape and is ranked among the European countries with the highest biodiversity. This is due to the country’s geographic position as well as its geological, hydrological, climatic, soil and relief factors. The high diversity of ecosystems and habitats offers ideal conditions for rich species diversity and conservation of relict and endemic species (Zeneli et al. 2014). Despite that, current knowledge remains poor for Albanian invertebrate fauna, including pseudoscorpions. The first pseudoscorpion records in Albania were presented by Ellingsen (1910): Dactylochelifer latreillii (Leach, 1817), Geogarypus minor (L. Koch, 1873) and Roncus lubricus L. Koch, 1873. Müller (1931) briefly described Neobisium albanicum (Müller, 1931), a subterranean and endemic species. Other neobisiid species from Albania were recorded by Caporiacco (1949): Neobisium hellenum (Simon, 1885), N. doderoi (Simon, 1896) [as N. erythrodactylum mediterraneum (Beier, 1929)] and the new species Citation: Červená M, Gardini G, Jablonski D, Christophoryová J. 2021. Checklist of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) of Albania. Zool Stud 60:17. doi:10.6620/ZS.2021.60-17. Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) doi:10.6620/ZS.2021.60-17 1 © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Roncus lonai Caporiacco, 1949. Beier (1928 1929 1963) mentioned eight pseudoscorpions, six of which were new for Albanian fauna – Dendrochernes cyrneus (L. Koch, 1873), Chelifer cancroides (Linnaeus, 1758), Neobisium cephalonicum (Daday, 1888), N. fuscimanum (C.L. Koch, 1843), N. sylvaticum (C.L. Koch, 1835) and Lasiochernes graecus Beier, 1963. Pseudoscorpion research started to progress in the 21st century, still focusing mainly on soil and subterranean pseudoscorpions. New endemic and troglobitic species, Neobisium albanorum Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Rađa and Vujčić-Karlo, 2006 and N. georgecastriotae Ćurčić, Dimitrijević, Rađa, Dudić, Šimić and Vujčić-Karlo, 2006, were described by Ćurčić et al. (2006a b). Later, Gardini (2018) synonymised N. albanorum with N. georgecastriotae and described two new cavernicolous species: Neobisium latellai Gardini, 2018 and N. valsuanii Gardini, 2018 and documented the first record of Neobisium cf. vjetrenicae Hadži, 1932 from Albania. Three new species of Chthoniidae were recorded in Albania: Ephippiochthonius rogoi Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2008, Globochthonius argirocastronis (Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2007) and Chthonius gjirokastri Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2008 (Ćurčić et al. 2007 2008). The latest updated catalogue of Albanian fauna was published by Dhora (2010) and included five families of pseudoscorpions with the following number of species: Chthoniidae (3), Neobisiidae (10), Geogarypidae (1), Cheliferidae (2) and Chernetidae (2). In several recent papers, three new chernetid species—Lamprochernes nodosus (Schrank, 1803), Pselaphochernes lacertosus (L. Koch, 1873) and P. scorpioides (Hermann, 1804)—were added to the Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017; Christophoryová et al. 2017). The last newest pseudoscorpion species in the Albanian fauna were Rhacochelifer maculatus (L. Koch, 1873) and Calocheiridius libanoticus Beier, 1955 recorded by Naumova (2020). Despite this progress, the full extent of pseudoscorpion diversity remains unknown. The primary aim of the present paper is to present a checklist of Albanian pseudoscorpions based on a review of all available published records, a re-examination of the published museum material and the identification of the newly collected specimens from our own field work. MATERIALS AND METHODS The checklist was compiled using all available published records, material deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NHMW) and material obtained during several field trips in Albania. The new material was collected over five years (2015–2019) from 45 localities (in Table 1 marked with an asterisk *, Fig. 1). Pseudoscorpions were collected from natural Table 1. List of the studied localities in Albania Code Localities N E a.s.l. 1 Apollonia, Fier* 40°43'16'' 19°28'19'' 75 2Benjë* 40°14'34'' 20°25'46'' 336 3 Berat* 40°42'14'' 19°57'09'' 54 4 Berat* 40°42'37'' 19°56'41'' 178 5Berat, Paftal, Vrima ë dragoi 40°41'28" 19°52'42" 433 6Bënçë* 40°15'23'' 20°00'17'' 255 7Bërdicë 42°00'28'' 19°28'48'' 7 8 Bilisht 40°37'37'' 20°59'45'' 957 9Bogë, Helmit Abyss 42°23'53" 19°38'44" 1540 10 Çibërraka 41°09'32'' 20°10'44'' 156 11 Dajt Mt., National Park* 41°21'07'' 19°55'16'' 1052 12 Dajt Mt., National Park* 41°21'56'' 19°54'30'' 1044 13 Dajt Mt., National Park* 41°22'10'' 19°54'28'' 1058 14 Delvinë 39°55'22'' 20°06'37'' 298 15 Delvinë* 39°56'21'' 20°03'08'' 73 16 Dukat 40°15'07" 19°34'00" 388 17 Durrës 41°18'57" 19°27'00" 3 18 Elbasan* 40°59'56" 20°01'18" 109 19 Frashër* 40°51'36" 19°56'21" 37 20 Fushe-Okol* 42°23'47" 19°41'47" 1187 21 Gjallica e Lumës Mt., Kukës• 42°01'26" 20°30'32" 1200 22 Gjirokastër 40°04'00" 20°08'00" 391 page 2 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Code Localities N E a.s.l. 23 Hundëkuq* 40°12'28" 20°05'28" 168 24 Kardhikaq* 39°56'55" 20°09'23" 269 25 Kardhikaq* 39°57'09" 20°09'06" 239 26 Klos* 40°30'18" 19°42'12" 44 27 Krumë• 42°12'00" 20°25'00" 485 28 Kurvelesh, Sphella ë Leke Petres 40°14'00" 19°54'00" 667 29 Lapardha* 40°45'33'' 19°59'20'' 151 30 Limni Mikri Préspa* 40°41'01'' 20°59'49'' 866 31 Liqeni i reshpanit* 40°37'13'' 19°36'15'' 106 32 Liqeni i Vriseres* 39°53'27'' 20°20'09'' 317 33 Llogarë Pass 40°11'42'' 19°35'52'' 1028 34 Lumë• 42°04'13" 20°26'46" 300–350 35 Macukull, Shpella Bushiti 41°25'44" 20°03'58" 1131 36 Macukull, Shpella Haruska 41°39'53" 20°07'54" 1480 37 Macukull, Shpella Linozi-Leftari 41°42'00" 20°05'00" 1868 38 Mallakastër* 40°32'14'' 19°42'38'' 36 39 Mezhgoran, Mezhgoranit cave• 40°19'08'' 20°05'38'' 850 40 New Balldren* 41°48'10'' 19°37'50'' 0 41 Oblikë* 42°01'06'' 19°27'18'' 7 42 Palasë* 40°11'44'' 19°35'54'' 1028 43 Parku Kombëtar "Mali i Tomorrit"* 40°35'49'' 20°13'06'' 1566 44 Pashtrik Mt.• 42°12'38'' 20°31'24'' 1200–1400 45 Peca* 39°56'05'' 20°11'42'' 386 46 Poçem* 40°30'21'' 19°44'01'' 39 47 Poçem* 40°30'48'' 19°44'36'' 49 48 Poçem* 40°31'06'' 19°44'28'' 42 49 Pogradec 40°53'52'' 20°40'58'' 697 50 Progonat, Pusi i Kerpajt Pit 40°12'48" 19°56'41" 926 51 Progonat, Shpella ë Kasarit 40°12'38" 19°57'24" 1100 52 Progonat, Shterra ë Cikes 40°13'19" 19°51'43" 800 53 Projekti Shtermeni, Liqeni i Treganit* 41°01'02" 20°05'06" 216 54 Pustec* 40°47'17" 20°54'18" 850 55 Qafe e T'thores* 42°23'20'' 19°44'30'' 1610 56 Qafe e T'thores* 42°23'23'' 19°43'32'' 1606 57 Rruga Cerrik Elbasan* 41°02'36" 20°01'23" 84 58 Saranda 39°44'38'' 19°59'43'' 8 59 Saranda 39°47'56'' 20°00'02'' 56 60 Shëngjin i Madh* 41°19'35" 20°04'27" 582 61 Shtërmen* 41°00'49" 20°00'42" 120 62 Stjar 39°55'58'' 20°03'36'' 93 63 Tartar Mt. 40°19'17" 19°44'38" 1156 64 Theth* 42°22'37'' 19°47'46' 650 65 Theth* 42°22'51" 19°47'10" 676 66 Theth* 42°23'22" 19°46'55" 740 67 Theth* 42°24'04" 19°45'10" 1204 68 Uznovë 40°41'08'' 20°00'38'' 59 69 Vajkan* 40°46'28" 19°35'22" 14 70 Valbonë, Shpella ë Haxhise 42°28'00" 19°51'00" 1720 71 Vermosh• 42°35'34" 19°40'50" 1100 72 Vlorë 40°27'54" 19°29'06" 2 73 Vlorë* 40°28'26'' 19°27'21'' 0 74 Vlorë, Orikum* 40°19'06'' 19°25'48'' 8 75 Vodicë* 40°40'44'' 20°01'34'' 111 76 Zvërnec* 40°31'06'' 19°24'39'' 8 Abbreviations: a.s.l. – above sea level, E – longitude, N – latitude, * indicates new localities, • indicates localities of the deposited material. Table 1. (Continued) page 3 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan biotopes, as well as in biotopes affected by humans and from four habitats: decomposed organic material (compost heaps and cow-dung), in leaf litter and soil, under tree bark and under stones. Samples from the soil, leaf litter and decomposed material were sifted or heatextracted in Tullgren funnels. Specimens under tree bark and stones were sampled individually using forceps. Afterwards, all obtained specimens were preserved in 75% or 95% ethanol. The material deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (published by Beier 1928 1929 1963) includes pseudoscorpions from six localities (Fig. 1, Fig. 1. Map of all studied localities in Albania. Red circles indicate the published data, yellow stars indicate the new data. For the locality codes, see table 1. N page 4 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan in Table 1 marked with a black circle •). Some of the missing data, mainly regarding particular developmental stages, were added to the present checklist. The remaining 25 unmarked localities in Table 1 represent records from all available published data on Albanian pseudoscorpions (Ellingsen 1910; Müller 1931; Caporiacco 1932 1949; Ćurčić et al. 2006a b 2007 2008; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017; Christophoryová et al. 2017; Gardini 2018; Naumova 2020; Fig. 1). Pseudoscorpions were studied as temporary slide mounts prepared by immersing the specimens in lactic acid for clearing. After the study, they were rinsed in water and returned to 75% ethanol. Some specimens remained in 95% ethanol without mounting. All specimens were examined using a Zeiss Stemi 2000 stereomicroscope and for identification the keys in Beier (1932a b 1963), Christophoryová et al. (2011b), Gardini et al. (2017) and Hernández-Corral et al. (2018) were used. Digital photographs were taken using a Canon EOS 5D Mark II camera attached to a Zeiss Axio Zoom V16 stereomicroscope. Image stacks were produced manually, combined using the Zerene Stacker software and subsequently edited in Adobe Photoshop CC. The maps were created by QGIS Geographic Information System. Most specimens were deposited in the zoological collection of the Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, and a few specimens of Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 (five males and five females) in the private collection of Giulio Gardini, Italy. Format of checklist Nomenclature for all taxa follows Harvey (2013b), Zaragoza (2017) and Gardini (2018). The order of the families follows Harvey (2013a), while the genera and species in each family are in alphabetical order. The year of the description of Lamprochernes chyzeri (Tömösváry, 1883) was changed according to Judson (2018). The new records for Albania are marked with a black triangle ▲. For newly collected material, the following information is provided for each record: locality numerical code (refer to Table 1), biotope, habitat, collecting method, date, developmental stage (♀ – female, ♂ – male, T – tritonymph, D – deutonymph, P – protonymph), and collector name. The same information (if data were available) is provided for re-examined material in the NHMW and published records, with the addition of the concrete depository number and references. All localities are listed in table 1. Some coordinates and altitudes not reported in the original papers were added to the present checklist. Data on European distribution, habitat preferences and taxonomic considerations are also reported. RESULTS In total, 794 newly collected specimens of 25 taxa from nine families were identified (Table 2). Specimens from the genera Neobisium and Roncus were identified only to the genus level. The abundances of the newly collected pseudoscorpions in the examined habitats are listed in table 2. Sixteen species and four families are recorded for the first time in Albania (Table 2, marked with ▲), of which Amblyolpium dollfusi and Geogarypus italicus are new in the Balkan fauna. The families Cheliferidae and Chernetidae were the most species-rich, while five families were presented with one species each. The most abundant species was Chthonius jonicus. In contrast, Ephippiochthonius serbicus, Dendrochernes cyrneus and two unidentified neobisiid species were represented by one specimen each. The highest number of species were collected from tree bark. The most abundant species in this habitat were Hysterochelifer meridianus and Rhacochelifer maculatus. The highest number of specimens was collected from the leaf litter and soil, with more than half of them represented by Roncus specimens. In the decomposed material, the most abundant were Lamprochernes chyzeri and Roncus specimens in the leaf litter and soil. Only three specimens of two species were collected under stones. In total, 64 specimens of eight species belonging to three families were re-examined in the material deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna. The missing data on the developmental stages for these species (Neobisium cephalonicum, N. doderoi, N. fuscimanum, N. sylvaticum, Roncus lubricus, Chelifer cancroides, Dendrochernes cyrneus and Lasiochernes graecus) were added. The present checklist of Albanian pseudoscorpions comprises 42 species belonging to 21 genera and 10 families (Table 3). Individual families contain the following number of species: Chthoniidae (8), Neobisiidae (13), Garypinidae (1), Geogarypidae (2), Olpiidae (1), Cheiridiidae (1), Atemnidae (1), Cheliferidae (7), Chernetidae (7) and Withiidae (1). In addition, specimens identified only to the genus level are included in the checklist – Neobisium and Roncus. The presence of the recorded Albanian pseudoscorpions in other Balkan countries is reported in table 3. Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna is represented by species distributed widely across the Balkans, as well by endemic and rare species with Mediterranean-Oriental distribution (Table 3). page 5 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Checklist of Pseudoscorpions of Albania Order Pseudoscorpiones de Geer, 1778 Family Chthoniidae Daday, 1889 Chthonius gjirokastri Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2008 (Fig. 2A) Published data: 22: rotten wood, 5.viii.2003, 1 ♀, leg. Rađa T., Vujčić-Karlo S. (Ćurčić et al. 2008). European distribution: Albania (Ćurčić et al. 2008). Notes: This litterand soil-dwelling species is considered as an endemic relict form of the Albanian Dinaric karst by Ćurčić et al. (2008). Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 (Figs. 2A, 3A) ▲ New data: 66: beech forest, leaf litter, sifting, 29.ix.2016, 32 ♀, 46 ♂, 26 T, 12 D, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Spain (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Chthonius jonicus is newly recorded in Albania and its distribution is limited to the Mediterranean area. The species prefers plant detritus Table 2. Newly collected pseudoscorpions in four different habitats in Albania Taxa DM LL TB US Σ Chthoniidae Chthonius jonicus▲.116 . . 116 Chthonius rhodochelatus▲ . . . 2 2 Chthonius tenuis▲ .6..6 Ephippiochthonius serbicus▲ 1 . . . 1 Ephippiochthonius tuberculatus▲ 1 6 . . 7 Neobisiidae Neobisium sp. 1 . 1 . . 1 Neobisium sp. 2 . 1 . . 1 Roncus spp. . 227 1 1 229 Garypinidae Amblyolpium dollfusi▲ ..2.2 Geogarypidae Geogarypus italicus▲ . 18 . . 18 Cheiridiidae Apocheiridium ferum▲ . . 49 . 49 Atemnidae Atemnus syriacus▲ ..2.2 Cheliferidae Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus▲ ..8.8 Dactylochelifer latreillii . . 41 . 41 Hysterochelifer cyprius▲ ..6.6 Hysterochelifer meridianus▲ . . 66 . 66 Rhacochelifer maculatus . . 60 . 60 Rhacochelifer peculiaris▲ . . 21 . 21 Chernetidae Dendrochernes cyrneus ..1.1 Dinocheirus panzeri▲ .. 13 . 13 Lamprochernes chyzeri▲ 86 . . . 86 Lamprochernes nodosus 16 . . . 16 Pselaphochernes lacertosus 1.5.6 Pselaphochernes scorpioides 28 . . . 28 Withiidae Withius piger▲ 8 . . . 8 Σ141 375 275 3 794 Abbreviations: DM – decomposed organic material, LL – leaf litter and soil, TB – tree bark, US – under stone, Σ – total specimen number, ▲ – new species record for Albania. page 6 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Table 3. Presence of the recorded Albanian pseudoscorpions in Balkan countries Species / Country BA BG HR GR ME MK RO RS/KS Chthoniidae Chthonius gjirokastri ........ Chthonius jonicus . . . + . . + . Chthonius rhodochelatus . . + + . . . . Chthonius tenuis . + . + + + + + Ephippiochthonius rogoi ........ Ephippiochthonius serbicus . + . . . + . . Ephippiochthonius tuberculatus . . . + . + + . Globochthonius argirocastronis ........ Neobisiidae Neobisium (Blothrus) albanicum ........ Neobisium (B.) georgecastriotae ........ Neobisium (B.) latellai ........ Neobisium (B.) valsuanii ........ Neobisium (B.) vjetrenicae +....... Neobisium (Neobisium) cephalonicum .+++++++ Neobisium (N.) doderoi + . + + + + . + Neobisium (N.) fuscimanum +++++. ++ Neobisium (N.) hellenum . + . + . . . . Neobisium (N.) sublaeve ........ Neobisium (N.) sylvaticum +++++. ++ Roncus lonai ........ Roncus lubricus + + + + . . + . Garypinidae Amblyolpium dollfusi ........ Geogarypidae Geogarypus italicus ........ Geogarypus minor . + + +.... Olpiidae Calocheiridius libanoticus ...+.... Cheiridiidae Apocheiridium ferum . + . . . . + . Atemnidae Atemnus syriacus ...+.... Cheliferidae Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus . + . + . . . . Chelifer cancroides ++++. +++ Dactylochelifer latreillii . + + + . . + + Hysterochelifer cyprius ...+.... Hysterochelifer meridianus .+.+.++. Rhacochelifer maculatus + . + + + + . + Rhacochelifer peculiaris . . + + . . . . Chernetidae Dendrochernes cyrneus . + + . . . + . Dinocheirus panzeri + + + . . . . . Lamprochernes chyzeri . + + . + + + . Lamprochernes nodosus .+.+..+ . Lasiochernes graecus ...+.... Pselaphochernes lacertosus + + . + . . . . Pselaphochernes scorpioides .+.+..+. Withiidae Withius piger ..+..... Abbreviations: BA – Bosnia and Herzegovina, BG – Bulgaria, HR – Croatia, GR – Greece, ME – Montenegro, MK – North Macedonia, RO – Romania, RS/KS – Serbia/ Kosovo. page 7 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan in xerothermic biotope (Beier 1963; Mahnert 1997). The present records correspond to the known habitat preferences of the species, but the species is clearly not just limited to xerothermic biotopes, but also found in mountain environments. Chthonius rhodochelatus Hadži, 1933 (Figs. 2A, 3B) ▲ New data: 25: maple forest, under the stone, individual sampling, 13.viii.2019, 2 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland (Harvey 2013b). Notes: The distribution of C. rhodochelatus is restricted to the Mediterranean area and is recorded for the first time in Albania. Chthonius rhodochelatus is usually found in soil and leaf litter and a single specimen was found accidentally in a fallen bird’s nest (Gardini 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010). The present discovery of the species under a stone corresponds to its known habitat preferences. Chthonius tenuis L. Koch, 1873 (Figs. 2A, 3C) ▲ New data: 20: beech forest at roadside, leaf litter, sifting, 30.ix.2016, 4 ♂, 1 T, leg. Christophoryová J.; 55: between rocks, beech leaf litter, sifting, 28.ix.2016, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Chthonius tenuis is distributed widely in Europe and occurs mainly in soil, leaf litter and under stones (Beier 1963; Legg and Jones 1988; Gardini 2004). It is recorded for the first time in Albania and the studied habitats corresponds to the known species preferences. Ephippiochthonius rogoi (Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2008) (Fig. 2B) Published data: 22: rotten wood, 5.viii.2003, 1 ♀, leg. Rađa T., Vujčić-Karlo S. (Ćurčić et al. 2008). European distribution: Albania (Ćurčić et al. 2008). Notes: This litterand soil-dwelling species was considered by Ćurčić et al. (2008) as an endemic relict form of the Albanian Dinaric karst and a remnant of some ancient ancestor. The original description of this species was based on two specimens – a female holotype and a male allotype by Ćurčić et al. (2008). But in addition, the male allotype identified as E. rogoi was re-examined and describe as new endemic species Globochthonius argirocastronis by Ćurčić et al. (2007). The paradox is that the redescription of allotype male assigned to G. argirocastronis (Ćurčić et al. 2007) was published earlier as a description of allotype male as E. rogoi (Ćurčić et al. 2008). Ephippiochthonius serbicus (Hadži, 1937) (Figs. 2B, 3D) ▲ New data: 29: roadside, compost heap, sifting, 29.iv.2017, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Bulgaria, North Macedonia (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Within Europe, E. serbicus is distributed only in the Balkans. This species is new for Albanian fauna. The published records from Bulgaria and North Macedonia were from soil and caves (Hadži 1937 1939; Petrov 1997). The female from Albania was collected in a compost heap. Ephippiochthonius tuberculatus (Hadži, 1937) (Figs. 2B, 3E) ▲ New data: 13: forest, soil, heat extracted in Tullgren funnels, 22.ix.2016, 1 T, leg. Fenďa P.; 29: roadside, compost heap, sifting, 29.iv.2017, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 55: between rocks, beech leaf litter, sifting, 28.ix.2016, 2 T, leg. Christophoryová J.; 65: beech forest, leaf litter, sifting, 29.ix.2016, 1 T, leg. Christophoryová J.; 66: beech forest, leaf litter, sifting, 29.ix.2016, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 74: xerothermic grassland, soil, heat extracted in Tullgren funnels, 23.ix.2016, 1 ♀, leg. Fenďa P. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Germany, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Ephippiochthonius tuberculatus is newly recorded for Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna. This species lives in the soil and leaf litter (e.g., Beier 1963; Mahnert 1978), which corresponds to the present findings. One female from Albania was collected in a compost heap. Globochthonius argirocastronis (Ćurčić, Rađa and Dimitrijević, 2007) (Fig. 2A) Published data: 22: rotten wood, 5.viii.2003, 1 ♂, page 8 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 2. Distribution of the Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae taxa in Albania. A, Chthonius gjirokastri (red colour), Chthonius jonicus (orange colour), Chthonius rhodochelatus (green colour), Chthonius tenuis (blue colour), Globochthonius argirocastronis (yellow colour). B, Ephippiochthonius rogoi (red colour), Ephippiochthonius serbicus (green colour), Ephippiochthonius tuberculatus (yellow colour). C, Neobisium albanicum (purple colour), Neobisium doderoi (orange colour), Neobisium georgecastriotae (yellow colour), Neobisium latellai (red colour), Neobisium sylvaticum (blue colour), Neobisium valsuanii (green colour), Neobisium cf. vjetrenicae (brown colour), Neobisium sp. 1 (grey colour). D, Neobisium cephalonicum (red colour), Neobisium fuscimanum (blue colour), Neobisium hellenum (grey colour), Neobisium sublaeve (orange colour), Neobisium sp. 2 (green colour), Roncus lonai (purple colour), Roncus lubricus (brown colour), Roncus spp. (yellow colour). Circles indicate the published data, stars indicate the new data. For the locality codes, see table 1. N N N N page 9 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 5. First pseudoscorpion records for Albania from the families Geogarypidae, Cheiridiidae, Atemnidae and Cheliferidae. A, Geogarypus italicus (female). B, Apocheiridium ferum (female). C, Atemnus syriacus (male). D, Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (female). E, Hysterochelifer cyprius (female). F, Hysterochelifer meridianus (male). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 16 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan proved by the present records, a record from Greece (Mahnert 1977), and from its distribution outside Europe: in Turkey and Syria (Beier 1955 1964). Family Cheliferidae Risso, 1827 Beierochelifer peloponnesiacus (Beier, 1929) (Figs. 4B, 5D) ▲ New data: 60: plane trees near brook, under Platanus orientalis barks, individual sampling, 15.x.2019, 1 ♀, 4 T, 3 D, leg. Červená M., Selnekovič D. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland (Blick et al. 2004; Harvey 2013b; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2017; Hernández-Corral et al. 2018). Notes: The species is new to the Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna; Albania represents the thirdknown country in the Balkans with its distribution. During the study, it was found together with Apocheiridium ferum under the bark of plane trees. In Europe, the species is found commonly under tree bark (e.g., Beier 1963; Petrov 2004; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2017), and, more rarely, in leaf litter and tree hollows (e.g., Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2017; Hernández-Corral et al. 2018). Chelifer cancroides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 4B) Deposited material: 34: 8.vi.–12.vi.1918, 1 ♂ (NHMW 23125), leg. Penther A. (Beier 1929). European distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b; Krajčovičová et al. 2018). Notes: Chelifer cancroides was observed in Albania for the first time by Beier (1929), but without mention of its habitat. This cosmopolitan species is synanthropic and also occurs in bird’s nests (e.g., Beier 1963; Turienzo et al. 2010; Harvey 2014). Dactylochelifer latreillii (Leach, 1817) (Fig. 4B) Published data: 72: 1 ♀, leg. Oertzen E. (Ellingsen 1910). New data: 46: river bottom land by the roadside, under Salix sp. bark, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 2 ♀, 2 T, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 53: by the river, under Acer sp. bark, individual sampling, 7.viii.2019, 1 ♀, 3 D, leg. Christophoryová J.; 69: alley near the road, under the Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 27.iv.2017, 22 ♀, 10 ♂, 1 T, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P. European distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Blick et al. 2004; Harvey 2013b). Notes: The record of D. latreillii in Albania was presented for the first time by Ellingsen (1910) but without its habitat. This species is distributed widely in Europe and is considered a typical inhabitant of tree microhabitats and bird’s nests (e.g., Beier 1963; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010). The present findings correspond to the known habitat preferences of D. latreillii and extended its distribution in Albania by three new localities. Hysterochelifer cyprius (Beier, 1929) (Figs. 4C, 5E) ▲ New data: 46: river bottom land by the roadside, under the Salix sp. bark, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♀, 2 T, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 47: rural zone by the river, under the bark of broken tree, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♀, 1 D, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 73: by the roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 29.iv.2017, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Cyprus, Greece (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Hysterochelifer cyprius is a rare species known until now only in Cyprus and Greece (Harvey 2013b). Albania is the third-known country of its occurrence in Europe and represents the northernmost distribution of the species in Europe. As during the present study, the species was found under the bark of different trees in Cyprus and Greece (Beier 1963; Mahnert 1977). Hysterochelifer meridianus (L. Koch, 1873) (Figs. 4B, 5F) ▲ New data: 15: by the roadside, under Platanus sp. bark, individual sampling, 14.viii.2019, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 19: by the roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 11.viii.2019, 6 ♀, 10 ♂, 1 T, 2 D, leg. Christophoryová J.; 23: fig grove, under Ficus sp. bark, individual sampling, 12.viii.2019, 3 ♀, 1 ♂, 4 D, 1 P, leg. Christophoryová page 17 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan J.; 24: road by the mountain valley, under Acer sp. bark, individual sampling, 13.viii.2019, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 26: olive grove, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♂, 1 D, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 32: droughty river, under Platanus sp. bark, individual sampling, 12.viii.2019, 1 ♂, Christophoryová J.; 38: field by-road, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 11.viii.2019, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 2 D, leg. Christophoryová J.; 47: rural zone by the river, under the bark of broken tree, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 48: olive grove by the roadside, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 62: roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 13.viii.2019, 7 ♀, 6 ♂, 2 D, 4 P, leg. Christophoryová J.; 69: alley near the roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 27.iv.2017, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 73: by the roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 29.iv.2017, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 75: by the small river, under Acer sp. bark, individual sampling, 30.iv.2017, 4 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J., Gežová S., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Spain (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Hysterochelifer meridianus is distributed widely in the Mediterranean region, including the Balkans (Harvey 2013b). The species is recorded in Albania for the first time. This species is considered bark-dwelling, which is proved by the present records, as well as by the previous findings in Europe (e.g., Beier 1963; Mahnert 1977; Petrov 2004; Zaragoza 2007). During the study, H. meridianus was collected from under the bark of olive and eucalyptus trees in natural and anthropic biotopes. It was found mainly at the roadside and in places containing garbage. Based on the present findings, it is obvious that species has a wide range of biotope preferences. Rhacochelifer maculatus (L. Koch, 1873) (Fig. 4C) Published data: 58: under Eucalyptus globules bark, 28.ix.–4.x.2018, 1 ♀ (Naumova 2020). New data: 18: natural parking area, under Acer sp. bark, individual sampling, 8.viii.2019, 1 ♂, 1 D, 5 P, leg. Christophoryová J.; 26: olive grove, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 28.iv.2017, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, 4 T, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 31: olive grove, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 20.vii.2017, 2 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. Jablonski D.; 45: olive grove, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 13.viii.2019, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 69: alley by the roadside, under Eucalyptus sp. bark, individual sampling, 27.iv.2017, 6 ♀, 7 ♂, 11 T, 1 D, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D., Mikulíček P.; 76: olive grove, under Olea sp. bark, individual sampling, 29.iv.2017, 7 ♀, 3 ♂, 5 T, 1 D, leg. Christophoryová J., Jablonski D. European distribution: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Spain (Harvey 2013b; Naumova 2020). Notes: Rhacochelifer maculatus is distributed in the Mediterranean region mainly in the Balkans (Harvey 2013b). It is a typical inhabitant of tree microhabitats and bird’s nests (e.g., Beier 1963; Zaragoza 2007; Gardini 2008; Turienzo et al. 2010). Rhacochelifer maculatus was observed in Albania for the first time by Naumova (2020) under the bark of the eucalyptus tree. During the present study, it was also collected under eucalyptus bark, but more often under olive bark. The present findings extended the species distribution in Albania by six new localities. Rhacochelifer peculiaris (L. Koch, 1873) (Figs. 4C, 6A) ▲ New data: 42: pine trees on a hill, under Pinus nigra barks, individual sampling, 26.iv.2016, 3 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J.; 42: pine trees on a hill, under Pinus nigra barks, individual sampling, 27.iv.2016, 3 ♀, 3 ♂, 8 T, 1 D, 1 P, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Rhacochelifer peculiaris is recorded in Albania for the first time. Albania represents the thirdknown country of its distribution in the Balkans. Beier (1963) mentioned the occurrence of the species in leaf litter and under tree bark, which corresponds to the present findings. Comparison of both recorded Rhacochelifer species shows that R. peculiaris was found only under the bark of one coniferous tree, whereas R. maculatus was more common and was collected from under the bark of different types of deciduous tree. Family Chernetidae Menge, 1855 Dendrochernes cyrneus (L. Koch, 1873) (Fig. 4D) Deposited material: 21: phoretic on Asemum striatum (L., 1758), 14.vi.1918, 2 ♀ (NHMW 24156), 1 ♂ (NHMW 24163), leg. Penther A. (Beier 1929). page 18 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Published data: 33: subalpine pine-forest, under Pinus nigra bark, 27.iv.2016, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). New data: 42: pine trees on a hill, under Pinus nigra barks, individual sampling, 27.iv.2016, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Blick et al. 2004; Harvey 2013b; Sammet et al. 2016; Krajčovičová et al. 2018). Notes: Dendrochernes cyrneus is distributed widely in Europe, but it is a rare species in the entire area and is considered as a relict of primeval forests (Muster 1998; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Esser 2011; Muster and Blick 2016). It lives mainly under the loose bark of old tree trunks and branches and beneath the dry bark of fallen and dead trees (e.g., Beier 1963; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Esser 2011; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014; Machač et al. 2018). As well as under tree bark, the species occurs regularly in bird’s nests or occasionally in tree hollows (e.g., Turienzo et al. 2010; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014). In Albania, this species was recorded for the first time by Beier (1929) in phoretic association. The latest record from Albania was of one male found under the bark of a pine tree (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). In the present study, another male was found under the bark of a pine tree, in a new locality in Albania. Dinocheirus panzeri (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Figs. 4D, 6B) ▲ New data: 11: beech forest with pine and plane trees, under Acer pseudoplatanus barks, individual sampling, 11.x.2019, 2 ♂, 1 T, leg. Červená M., Selnekovič D.; 12: beech forest with pine and plane trees, under Acer pseudoplatanus barks, individual sampling, 12.x.2019, 2 ♀, 3 ♂, 4 T, 1 P, leg. Červená M., Selnekovič D. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b; Sammet et al. 2016). Notes: Dinocheirus panzeri is distributed widely in Europe and is newly recorded within the Balkans in Albania. This species occurs in different habitats with no obvious preference. It is found in tree hollows, bird’s nests, in the litter of barns and stables and in hay and compost heaps; hence, it is often considered as hemisynanthropic (e.g., Beier 1963; Legg and Jones 1998; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014; Muster and Blick 2016). During the present study, D. panzeri was collected under the bark of maple trees; its occurrence in this habitat is considered accidental (Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014). Lamprochernes chyzeri (Tömösváry, 1883) (Figs. 4D, 6C) ▲ New data: 54: town residential area, cowdung, sifting, 4.x.2016, 28 ♀, 41 ♂, 11 T, 4 D, leg. Christophoryová J.; 54: town residential area, compost heap, 4.x.2016, 2 T, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b; Sammet et al. 2016; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2018). Notes: Lamprochernes chyzeri is distributed widely in Europe, including the Balkans (Harvey 2013b; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2018). The species is recorded for the first time in Albania. Harvey (2013b) listed Serbia in the pseudoscorpion catalogue; however, Ćurčić et al. (2020) did not include L. chyzeri in the pseudoscorpion checklist of Serbia. Ćurčić (1974) reported its occurrence in the former Yugoslavia, but no previous references confirmed this to mean Serbia (S. Ćurčić, pers. comm.). The species occurs mainly under the bark of old or decaying trees, in compost heaps, in phoretic association and accidentally in bird’s nests (e.g., Beier 1963; Legg and Jones 1988; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Petrov 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010; Christophoryová et al. 2011a; Kaňuchová et al. 2015; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2018). The present dicovery of the species in compost heaps correspond to its known habitat preferences. Lamprochernes nodosus (Schrank, 1803) (Fig. 4D) Published data: 68: compost heap near field, 24.ix.2015, 1 ♀, leg. Gruľa D., Jablonski D. (Christophoryová et al. 2017). New data: 6: cliff edge, compost heap, sifting, 11.viii.2019, 9 ♀, 2 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J.; 57: by the roadside, cow-dung, sifting, 8.viii.2019, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 61: town residential area, compost heap, sifting, 8.viii.2019, 1 ♀, 3 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. page 19 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan European distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b; Christophoryová et al. 2017). Notes: Lamprochernes nodosus is distributed widely in Europe, including the Balkans (Harvey 2013b). It is a typical inhabitant of decomposed organic material, but it occasionally lives in bird’s nests or under tree bark and it is often found in phoretic associations (e.g., Beier 1963; Poinar et al. 1998; Drogla and Lippold 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014; Červená et al. 2019). Lamprochernes nodosus was recorded in Albania for the first time by Christophoryová et al. (2017) in a compost heap, similar to the present research. The new findings extend its occurrence in Albania by three new localities. Lasiochernes graecus Beier, 1963 (Fig. 4D) Deposited material: 39: cave, 31.v.1961, 8 ♀, 11 ♂, 4 T (NHMW 24351) (Beier 1963). European distribution: Albania, Greece (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Lasiochernes graecus until now has been known only in Greece (Harvey 2013b). Albania is at the same time the second-known country of occurrence of the species in the Balkans and the northernmost country of its distribution in Europe. The species is considered as troglophile (Beier 1963 1965; Mahnert 1978). Beier (1963) published the first species record in Albania but without the precise faunistic data that were later added by Christophoryová and Jablonski (2017). Unfortunately, the year on the label of the deposited material was incorrect in Christophoryová and Jablonski (2017): 1956 rather than 1961. Pselaphochernes lacertosus (L. Koch, 1873) (Fig. 4D) Published data: 7: compost heap near the road, 27.ix.2016, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). New data: 3: urban vegetation, under Aesculus hippocastanum bark, individual sampling, 16.x.2019, 1 ♀, 2 T, 1 D, 1 P, leg. Červená M., Selnekovič D.; 40: garden by the road, cow-dung, sifting, 26.iv.2017, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain (Harvey 2013b; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). Notes: The distribution of P. lacertosus in Europe is restricted to the Mediterranean region (Harvey 2013b). This species is a common inhabitant under tree bark, in wood mould and bird’s nests, and occasionally occurs in the soil and under stones (e.g., Beier 1963; Zaragoza 2007; Turienzo et al. 2010). The first finding of P. lacertosus in Albania was recorded in a compost heap (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). The present findings correspond to the known habitat preference of P. lacertosus and extend its occurrence in Albania by two new localities. During the study, both recorded Pselaphochernes species were collected in synanthropic biotopes, but from different habitats. Pselaphochernes scorpioides was collected in decaying material, whereas P. lacertosus was found mainly under tree bark, and only a single specimen was observed in a compost heap. Pselaphochernes scorpioides (Hermann, 1804) (Fig. 4D) Published data: 8: compost heap, 3.x.2016, 1 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J. (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017); 10: compost heap near the road, 2.x.2016, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017); 49: compost heap near the road, 27.ix.2015, 7 ♀, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017). New data: 54: town residential area, compost heap, sifting, 4.x.2016, 10 ♀, 17 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J.; 54: town residential area, cow-dung, sifting, 4.x.2016, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b; Sammet et al. 2016; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017; Krajčovičová et al. 2018). Notes: Pselaphochernes scorpioides is distributed widely in Europe, including the Balkan countries (Harvey 2013b). In general, P. scorpioides prefers rich decaying organic material; it occurs in cowdung, compost heaps or straw debris, especially in synanthropic habitats (e.g., Beier 1963; Legg and Jones 1998; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014). This agrees with previous reports (Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017), as well as with the present records from Albania. It is less commonly found in leaf litter, tree hollows, under tree bark, in decaying wood and in bird’s or ant’s nests (e.g., Drogla and Lippold 2004; Petrov 2004; Turienzo et al. 2010; Krajčovičová and Christophoryová 2014). The present findings extend page 20 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan species occurrence in Albania by one new locality. Family Withiidae Chamberlin, 1931 Withius piger (Simon, 1878) (Figs. 4A, 6D) ▲ New data: 1: archaeological park, compost heap, sifting, 26.ix.2015, 1 ♂, leg. Gruľa D.; 18: natural parking area, compost heap, sifting, 8.viii.2019, 5 ♀, leg. Christophoryová J.; 41: garden at roadside, cowdung, sifting, 26.iv.2017, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J.; 61: town residential area, compost heap, sifting, 8.viii.2019, 1 ♂, leg. Christophoryová J. European distribution: Albania (present paper), Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Harvey 2013b). Notes: Withius piger is recorded for the first time in Albania, the second-known country of its distribution in the Balkans. The species is considered to be synanthropic and is recorded mostly in warehouses, grain storages and farms, but sometimes also under tree bark (e.g., Beier 1963; Legg and Jones 1988; Tooren 2005). The obtained records correspond to the known habitat preferences of the species. DISCUSSION The pseudoscorpion fauna of the Balkan Peninsula is relatively well known, and is proved by the following pseudoscorpion species numbers per Fig. 6. First pseudoscorpion records for Albania from the families Cheliferidae, Chernetidae and Withiidae. A, Rhacochelifer peculiaris (male). B, Dinocheirus panzeri (male). C, Lamprochernes chyzeri (male). D, Withius piger (female). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 21 of 25Zoological Studies 60:17 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan country (the approximate species number was adjusted according to the recent proposed synonymies): Bosnia and Herzegovina – 61 (Harvey 2013b; Ćurčić et al. 2014b d e; Dimitrijević and Rađa 2017; Novák and Hörweg 2017; Christophoryová et al. 2018), Bulgaria – 59 (Harvey 2013b; Novák and Harvey 2015), Croatia – 125 (Ozimec 2004; Dimitrijević and Rađa 2009 2016; Ćurčić et al. 2012a b e f g 2013b c d e 2014b c; Harvey 2013b; Gardini 2014; Novák et al. 2019), Greece – 125 (Harvey 2013b; Gardini 2014; Mahnert and Gardini 2014), Montenegro – 55 (Harvey 2013b; Gardini 2014; Ćurčić and Dimitrijević 2016), North Macedonia – 46 (Harvey 2013b; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2018), Romania – 74 (Harvey 2013b; Ćurčić et al. 2014f; Gardini 2014; Novák 2014 2017; Novák and Harvey 2015; Novák and Hörweg 2017; Novák et al. 2019), Serbia/ Kosovo – 76 (Ćurčić et al. 2020). Compared to other Balkan countries, Albania has the fewest recorded species (26 species from five families) (Harvey 2013b; Christophoryová and Jablonski 2017; Christophoryová et al. 2017; Gardini 2018; Naumova 2020). Besides the political situation, the low diversity was also caused by researchers focusing mainly on cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions. The collection in less-studied habitats during the present study, such as tree bark, tree hollows or compost heaps, has increased pseudoscorpion diversity by 16 species. CONCLUSIONS The present paper updates the knowledge of the species richness and composition of pseudoscorpions in Albania. Due to our own field works in Albania, the species richness of pseudoscorpions has increased to 42. Albanian pseudoscorpion fauna is represented by species distributed widely throughout the Balkans, as well by endemic and rare species with MediterraneanOriental distribution. The present paper can help with future monitoring and selecting areas for the next sampling of pseudoscorpions. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank all our colleagues for their help collecting pseudoscorpion specimens and material in the field. Many thanks are due to Christoph Hörweg (Austria) for loaning the deposited material and Blerina Vrenozi (Albania) for revising some Albanian localities. We are grateful to Dávid Selnekovič (Slovakia) for his technical assistance with the figures and two anonymous reviewers for all corrections and suggestions that improved the paper. The research was financially supported by VEGA grant 1/0704/20 and by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-19-0076. Authors՚ contributions: MČ, JCH and DJ collected the specimens. MČ, JCH and GG identified specimens. MČ and JCH re-examined the deposited material from Natural History Museum in Vienna. MČ and JCH wrote the manuscript. GG and DJ revised the manuscript. MČ, JCH and DJ created the maps and the figures. Competing interests: MČ, GG, DJ and JCH declare that they have no conflict of interests. Availability of data and materials: The specimens are deposited in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NHMW), in the zoological collection of the Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava and in the private collection of GG. Consent for publication: All authors agree to submit the manuscript to Zoological Studies, and agree to publish if accepted. Ethics approval consent to participate: Not applicable. REFERENCES Beier M. 1928. Die Pseudoskorpione des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. I. Hemictenodactyli. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 42:285–314. Beier M. 1929. Die Pseudoskorpione des Wiener Naturhistorischen Museums. II. Panctenodactyli. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 43:341–367. Beier M. 1932a. Pseudoscorpionidea I. Subord. Chthoniinea et Neobisiinea. Tierreich 57:1–258. Beier M. 1932b. 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