Checklist and Distribution of Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa)

© 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Open Access Checklist and Distribution of Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa) Raphaël N’doua Etilé*, Théophile Aké Bédia, Georges Kassi Blahoua, Gouli Goore Bi, Paul Essetchi Kouamelan, and Valentin N’Douba University Félix Houphouët-Boigny; Department of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Natural Environments and Biodiversity Conservation; Unit of Pedagogy and Research in Hydrobiology (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire); 22 Box 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire. *Correspondence E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Etilé) E-mail: [email protected] (Bédia), [email protected] (Blahoua), [email protected] (Goore Bi), [email protected] (Kouamelan), [email protected] (N’Douba) Received 6 September 2019 / Accepted 12 June 2020 / Published 20 July 2020 Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan This study provides a checklist of cladocerans and evaluates the species richness and composition of this order in Côte d’Ivoire. A checklist of cladocerans was created by evaluating data from the literature and fauna surveys focused on zooplankton in different types of aquatic environments over the past 50 years. In total, 39 Cladocera species have been reported from Côte d’Ivoire. This richness includes 24 genera and seven families, with Chydoridae being the most diversified family (16 species, 41% of the total Cladocera diversity in Côte d’Ivoire), followed by Daphniidae (eight species, 21%); Moinidae (four species, 10%); Bosminidae, Macrothricidae, and Sidiidae (three species, 8% each); and Ilyocriptidae (two species, 5%). Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura, and Diaphanosoma excisum were the most frequently encountered species. Key words: Cladocera, Diversity, Checklist, Biogeography and Distribution, Côte d’Ivoire. Citation: Etilé RN, Bédia TA, Blahoua GK, Goore Bi G, Kouamelan PE, N’Douba V. 2020. Checklist and distribution of freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Zool Stud 59:31. doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-31. BACKGROUND Cladocera is one of the three main groups (along with Rotifera and Copepoda) of zooplankton in freshwater ecosystems. Cladocera and Copepoda are widespread planktonic microcrustaceans that predominantly occur in freshwater (Dumont and Negrea 2002). These taxa include littoral, pelagic, and benthic species that play key roles in food webs. They have great value for fisheries and help maintain ecosystem processes (Dela Paz et al. 2018). Moreover, as they readily respond to changes in water quality, they also can be used as environmental indicators of pollution (Forró et al. 2008). Indeed, according to Parmar et al. (2016), all changes in population density, species richness, and community structure of cladocerans and copepods are mostly affected by the physico-chemical conditions of the water in which they live. In addition, these animals have an important ecological role, functioning as a link between different trophic levels, since they scrape, filter, and collect organic matter (Fryer 1968). Cladocerans have also gained certain economic importance as they are also widely used in aquaculture, and large filter-feeding planktonic species have an indirect economic impact as important fish food or phytoplankton-controlling group (Alanis et al. 2009; Bogut et al. 2010; Gogoi et al. 2016). Hence, a review of hydrobiological literature focusing on the zooplankton community components in general and on cladocerans in particular seems to be necessary to gain deeper knowledge on cladocera composition and its global diversity. Indeed, according to Martens and Behen Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) doi:10.6620/ZS.2020.59-31 1 © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan (1994), establishing a checklist is also important for dealing with questions regarding existing biodiversity in certains regions, lakes, countries, or continents. Global and regional management strategies make increasing use of such databases, and this tendency should be encouraged. However, it is also a primary duty of biologists to regularly update these databases and make them accessible. According to López et al. (2018), national and/or regional checklists are crucial resources for gaining basic knowledge on biodiversity, and such efforts allow a firm taxonomic basis for derived studies. To date, cladoceran checklists with taxanomic notes have been compiled for several countries around the world: Venezuela (Zopi de Roa and López 2008), Cuba (Elías-Gutiérrez and Varela 2009), Laos (Kotov et al. 2013a), Brazil (Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro 2012 2013), South Korea (Jeong et al. 2014), Columbia (Kotov and Fuentes-Reinés 2015), China (Xiang et al. 2015), the Philippines (Dela Paz et al. 2018), and Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (López et al. 2018). In Africa, few studies on cladocera species have been undertaken: Jeje (1989) (Nigeria), Smirnov (2008) (Republic of South Africa), and Ghaouaci et al. (2018) (Algeria). However, studies of Cladocera fauna taxonomy exist, and are concentrated on somes Africa regions as Uganda-Kenya-Tanzania (Lake Victoria) (Delachaux 1917), Sudan (Rzóska 1952; Dumont et al. 1984), Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo (Green 1967; Van Damme and Eggermont 2011), Uganda (Thomas 1961a b; Bourgie 1973), Chad (Rey and Saint-Jean 1968 1969; Guo and Dumont 2014), Mali (Dumont et al. 1981), Guinea (Dumont 1981), Nigeria (Egborge 1987; Jeje 1988; Egborge et al. 1994), Cameroon (Green and Kling 1988), Morocco (Tifnouti and Pourriot 1989), the Republic of South Africa (Van Damme et al. 2013), Ethiopia (Neretina and Kotov 2015; Neretina et al. 2017), and Kenya (Korovchinsky et al. 2017). Diversity in the zooplankton community has been studied in various inland aquatic ecosystems of Côte d’Ivoire. Recent studies focused on the composition and ecology of zooplankton in several fresh and brackish water bodies in the country, such as Fresco Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2018), Hana (Diomande et al. 2018) and Bagoé (Berté et al. 2019) Rivers. Of these zooplanktonic communities found in the above mentioned ecosystems, several studies have been made concerning the biology and the demographic characteristics of somes cladocera species such as Moina micrura (Bonou et al. 1991; Saint-Jean and Bonou 1994; Pagano et al. 2000; Pagano 2008) and Diaphanosoma excisum (Pagano et al. 2000; Pagano 2008). Unfortunately, studies related to cladoceran systematics are scarce (Lamoot and Dumont 1974; Rey and Yté 1982). Thus, here we add to a database of the species compositions and global diversity for the cladocerans of Côte d’Ivoire that began in the 1950s (De Beauchamp 1955; Lindberg 1957), and update the taxonomic list with valid names (Kotov et al. 2013b) and remove outdated taxonomic information. This paper provides a checklist of cladoceran species from Côte d’Ivoire and information on their distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS This checklist presents findings from the following studies: Rahm (1964), Lamoote and Dumond (1974), Yté et al. (1982 1983 1996 2002 2009), Rey and Yté (1982), Yté and Kouassi (1983), Arfi et al. (1987), Legendre et al. (1987), Nobah (1998), Yté (1992), Aka et al. (2000 2016a b), Ouattara et al. (2007), Etilé et al. (2009 2015 2018), Yao et al. (2015), N’da et al. (2015), Monney et al. (2015 2015), Diomandé et al. (2018), Amian et al. (2018), Appiah et al. (2018), and Kouamé et al. (2018). Sites visited by these authors are listed in figure 1. RESULTS In total, 39 Cladocera species from Côte d’Ivoire were identified from the literature. This taxanomic richness includes 24 genera and seven families (Bosminidae, Chydoridae, Daphniidae, Ilyocryptidae, Macrothricidae, Moinidae, and Sididae). Chydoridae was the most diverse family (16 species, 41% of the total cladoceran diversity in Côte d’Ivoire), followed by Daphniidae (eight species, 21%); Moinidae (four species, 10%); Bosminidae, Macrothricidae and Sididae (three species each, 8%); and Ilyocryptidae (two species, 5%). Chydorus and Macrothrix were the most diversified genera, with five and four species, respectively. It is worth noting that, among these cladocera taxa recorded from Côte d’Ivoire, Ceriodaphnia cornuta was encountered the most (recorded in 15 sites / 19 studied), followed by Moina micrura (recorded in 13 sites / 19 studied) and Diaphanosoma excisum (recorded in 10 sites / 19 studied). In contrast, the following 13 species were each found in only one site: Acroperus harpae, Alonella excisa, A. nana, Chydorus pubescens, Euryalona orientalis, Leberis diaphanous, Notoalona sculpa, Pseudochydorus globorus, Ceriodaphnia rigaudi (species inquirenda), Simocephalus vetulus, Grimaldina brazzai, Moina dubia, and Pseudosida szalayi. Cladocera species recorded in the literature on zooplankton from Côte d’Ivoire are listed below. In page 2 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan the present list, the family, genera, and species names are arranged alphabetically to facilitate the search for a given taxon. Moreover, species names used are based on the checklist from the Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment project (FADA) website (Kotov et al. 2013b). TAXONOMIC CHECKLIST Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 Subphylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 Class Branchiopoda Latreille, 1817 Suborder Cladocera Latreille, 1829 Order Anomopoda Sars, 1865 Bosminidae Baird, 1845 Bosmina Baird, 1845 Syn.: Eunica Koch, 1841; Garbinia Grochowski, 1910. Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris O.F. Müller, 1776 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrié Lagoon (Arfi et al. 1987); Comoé River (Comoé National Park) (Yao et al. 2015); Ebrié Lagoon (Aghien) (Aka et al. 2016b). Fig. 1. Map showing the different sites visited by authors of the scientific works cited here that were focused on the cladocera community of Côte d’Ivoire. 1Shallow reservoirs of the northern of Côte d’Ivoire. 2 - Ebrié Lagoon. 3 - Pisciculture pond at Daloa. 4 - Hana River in Taï Park. 5 - Grand-Lahou Lagoon. 6 - Fresco Lagoon. 7 - Lobo River (Sassandra Basin). 8 - Davo River (Sassandra Basin). 9 - Buyo Lake (Sassandra Basin). 10 - Sassandra River Main Reach. 11 - Kossou Lake. 12 - Tendo-Ehy-Aby lagoonal system. 13 - Bagoe River. 14 - Ayame Lake I. 15 - Agnebi River. 16 - Bia River. 17 - Gagnoa (low ground). 18 - Comoé River in the Comoé National Park. 19 - Fae Lake. page 3 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Synonyms: Lynceus longirostris O.F. Müller 1776; Monoculus cornuta Jurine 1820; Bosmina curvirostris Fischer 1854; Bosmina brevicornis Hellich 1877; Bosmina japonica Poppe and Richard 1890; Bosmina pelagica Stingelin 1895; Bosmina pellucida Stingelin 1895; Bosmina stuhlmanni Weltner 1898; Garbinia adriani Grochowski 1910; Bosmina africanaaustralis Methuen 1911; Bosmina arostris Schiklejew 1930. World distribution: B. (Bosmina) longirostris is reported in all the main biogeographical areas described by Forró et al. (2008), but it is reported as not present in the Pacific Ocean islands or Antarctic region (Maiphae et al. 2008); it is considered cosmopolitan by Kotov et al. (2013b). Bosmina (Liederobosmina) tubicen Brehm, 1953 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Rey and Yté 1982; Yté et al. 1982 1983; Ouattara et al. 2007); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996); Bia River (Ouattara et al. 2007); the Agnebi River (Ouattara et al. 2007); the Sassandra River watershed (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Bosmina americana Aurich 1934; Eubosmina tubicen (Brehm 1953) World distribution: B. (Liederobosmina) tubicen Brehm 1953 was reported by Kotov et al. (2013b) from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 Syn.: Bosminella Daday, 1903. Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrié Lagoon: Grand Bassam, Eloka, Bingerville, Banco, Cosrou, and Toupah (Rham 1964), Aghien (Aka et al. 2016b); Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983); the Bagoe River (N’da et al. 2015). Synonyms: Bosminopsis zernowi Linko 1901; Bosminopsis ishikawai Klocke 1903; Bosminella anisitsi Daday 1903; Bosminella africana Daday 1908; Bosminopsis stingelini Burckhardt 1909; Bosminopsis typica Burckhardt 1909; Bosminopsis birgei Burckhardt 1924; Bosminopsis brehmi Burckhardt 1924; Bosminopsis pernodi Burckhardt 1924; Bosminopsis schroeteri Burckhardt 1924; Bosminopsis devendrari Rane 1984; Bosminopsis macaguensis Rey and Vasquez 1986. World distribution: B. deitersi was regarded as circumtropical by Maiphae et al. (2008), while Kotov et al. (2013a) reported it as tropicopolitan, very common in the tropics-subtropics of the old and new worlds. For Kotov et al. (2013b), B. deitersi is found in Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. So, it is reported as not present in Pacific Ocean islands or Antarctic region. Chydoridae Dybowski and Grochowski, 1894 Acroperus Baird, 1843 Syn.: Alonopsis Sars, 1861. Acroperus elongatus Sars, 1862 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Bia River (Ouattara et al. 2007); Buyo Lake (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Alona elongatus Sars 1862; Acroperus intermedius Schödler 1863; Lynceus lacustris Frič 1872; Alonopsis jamaliensis Werestschagin 1913. World distribution: Acroperus elongatus was reported by Kotov et al. (2013b) from Nearctic and Neotropical regions. So, it is reported as a northern hemisphere species. Acroperus harpae Baird, 1843 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983). Synonyms: Lynceus harpae Baird 1834; Acroperus bairdi Langhans 1911; Acroperus cavirostris P.E. Müller 1867; Acroperus frigida Ekman 1904; Acroperus leucocephalus Koch 1841; Acroperus striatus Lilljeborg 1853; Acroperus transylvanicus Daday 1884. World distribution: This species was reported from the Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). It was also reported as not being in the Pacific Ocean islands or Antarctic region. Note nevertheless that, according to Chatterjee et al. (2013), the presence of Acroperus harpae in tropical region is doubtful. Alona Baird, 1843 Syn.: Biapertura Smirnov, 1971; Biapertura pseudoverrucosa Smirnov, 1971; Halona Agassiz, 1846. Alona monacantha Sars, 1901 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Comoé River (Comoé National Park) (Yao et al. 2015). Synonyms: Alona acuticostata Sars 1903; Alona tridentata Stingelin 1905; Alona reiseri Spandl 1926. World distribution: A. monacantha was reported from the African and Oriental regions by Maiphae et al. page 4 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan (2008); according to Van Damme et al. (2010), it was distributed in the Neotropics, and its records outside Neotropics need revision or references to other species. However, it was regarded as being in Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions by Kotov et al. (2013b). Alona pulchella King, 1853 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983; Ouattara et al. 2007), Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: A. pulchella was recorded from African, Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions by Maiphae et al. (2008). However, it was reported from Australasian regions by Van Damme et al. (2010) and the Oriental region by Kotov et al. (2013b). Alonella Sars, 1862 Alonella excisa Fischer, 1854 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Agneby River (Ouattara et al. 2007). Synonyms: Lynceus excisa Fischer 1854; Alonella szczorsiana Dybowski and Grochowski 1895; Alonella setosa Werestchagin 1913; Alonella kulczynskii Grochmalicki 1915. World distribution: A. excisa is mentioned as a cosmopolitan species (Maiphae et al. 2008). But, Kotov et al. (2013b) reported it from Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. Alonella nana Baird, 1843 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Agneby River (Ouattara et al. 2007). Synonyms: Acroperus nana Baird 1843; Alona pygmaea Sars 1862; Pleuroxus transversa Schödler 1862; Pleuroxus tusnadiensis Daday 1883. World distribution: This species was reported as absent from African and Neotropics regions by Maiphae et al. (2008), but reported in Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, Oriental regions and the Palaearctic by Kotov et al. (2013b). Camptocercus Baird, 1843 Syn.: Acrokurzia Brooks, 1953. Camptocercus rectirostris Schödler, 1862 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Cosrou (Rham 1964); Bia and Agnebi Rivers (Ouattara et al. 2007). Synonyms: Camptocercus biserratus Schödler 1862; Camptocercus macrurus Schoedler 1862; Camptocercus abrau Schiklejew 1933; Camptocercus shiklejevi Šrámek-Hušek et al. 1962; Camptocercus serratunguis Chiang Sieh-chih 1964. World distribution: Reported from Afrotropical, Nearctic, and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Chydorus Leach, 1816 Chydorus eurynotus Sars, 1901 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon (Rham 1964); Ayame Lake I (Ouattara et al. 2007); Agnebi River (Ouattara et al. 2007); Buyo Lake (Kouamé et al. 2018); Sassandra River watershed (Kouamé et al. 2018); Lobo River (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonym: Chydorus flavescens Daday 1905. World distribution: C. eurynotus is regarded as a circumtropical species and was observed in Oriental, Australian, African, and Neotropical regions (Maiphae et al. 2008). Chydorus pubescens Sars, 1901 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon (Rham 1964). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: Signaled as a circumtropical species (Smirnov 1996 in Yalım and Çıplak 2010), C. pubescens is observed in Oriental, Neotropical, and Nearctic regions according to Maiphae et al. (2008). But, it is reported as from Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions by Kotov et al. (2013b). Chydorus sphaericus O.F. Müller, 1776 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Lynceus sphaericus O.F. Müller 1776; Monoculus infusorius Schrank 1781; Chydorus lynceus Langhans 1911; Chydorus coelatus Werestchagin 1913; Chydorus mutilus Kreis 1921; Chydorus arcticus Røen 1987. World distribution: Cosmopolitan species according to Maiphae et al. (2008) and Jeong et al. (2014), it is reported as from all zoogeographical regions, except in Antarctic region by Kotov et al. (2013b). page 5 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Ephemeroporus Frey, 1982 Ephemeroporus barroisi Richard, 1894 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Sassandra River watershed (Kouamé et al. 2018); Davo River (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Pleuroxus barroisi Richard 1894; Chydorus barroisi Richard 1894; Ephemeroporus barroisi barroisi Richard 1894. World distribution: E. barroisi is recorded as distributed in Syria, Iran, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Africa, Nicaragua and North America by Smirnov (1996) in Yalım and Çıplak (2010). It is also regarded as circumtropical species by Maiphae et al. (2008), but according to Kotov et al. (2013b), this species is recorded in all zoogeographical regions, except in the Antarctic region and may be qualified as tropicopolitan species. Euryalana Sars, 1901 Euryalana orientalis Daday, 1898 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983). Synonyms: Alonopsis orientalis Daday 1898; Euryalona occidentalis Sar 1901. World distribution: According to Kotov et al. (2013a), E. orientalis is a very characteristic circumtropical species, but it is reported as species from the Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, Oriental regions by Kotov et al. (2013b). Kurzia Dybowski and Grochowski, 1894 Syn.: Pseudalona Sars, 1901. Kurzia longirostris Daday, 1898 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983); Bia River (Ouattara et al. 2007): Sassandra River watershed (Kouamé et al. 2018); Lobo River (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Alona longirostris Daday 1898; Alona macrohyncha Daday 1900. World distribution: K. longirostris is reported by Maiphae et al. (2008) as species recorded in African, Australian, and Oriental regions. In addition, it is reported as from Neotropical region by Kotov et al. (2013b). Leberis Smirnov, 1989 Leberis diaphanus King, 1853 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon (Dabou) (Rham 1964). Synonyms: Alona diaphanus King 1853; Alona punctatus Daday 1898; Alona vermiculatus Smirnov and Timms 1983. World distribution: L. diaphaunus is regarded as species from African, Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions by Maiphae et al. (2008). In addition to these biogeographical regions, it is also reported as from the Pacific Ocean islands region by Kotov et al. (2013b). Nevertheless, according to Neretina and Sinev (2016), L. diaphaunus is frequently mentioned in the faunal lists from tropics and subtropics of the old world and Australia (Australia and Tasmania, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Hainan Island: South China). Notoalona Rajapaksa and Fernando, 1987 Notoalona sculpta Sars, 1901 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Dabou (Rham 1964). Synonym: Alonella sculpta Sars 1901. World distribution: Signaled as Neotropical species by Kotov et al. (2013b) and López et al. (2018). Pseudochydorus Freyer, 1968 Pseudochydorus globosus Baird, 1843 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon (Rham 1964). Synonyms: Chydorus globosus Baird 1843; Chydorus globiformis Dybowski and Grochowski 1898; Chydorus paradoxus Shikleev 1930. World distribution: Cosmopolitan species (Smirnov 1996 in Yalım and Çıplak 2010; Maiphae et al. 2008); it reported in Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions, but not in the Pacific Ocean islands or Antarctic region (Kotov et al. 2013b). Daphniidae Straus 1820 Ceriodaphnia Dana 1853 Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars 1885 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1982 1983); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Agro-pastoral reservoirs in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Aka et al. 2000); Bia and Agnebi Rivers (Ouattara et al. 2007); Grand-Lahou Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2009); Tendo-Ehy-Aby lagoonal system (Monney et al. 2015); Bagoe River (N’da et al. 2015); Ebrie Lagoon: Aghien (Aka et al. 2016a); Ebrie Lagoon (Aka et al. 2016b); Comoé River (Comoé National Park) (Yao et al. 2015); fish ponds in Gagnoa (Amian et al. 2018); page 6 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Sassandra River main stem (Kouamé et al. 2018); Lobo and Davo Rivers (Kouamé et al. 2018); Fresco Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2018). Synonym: Ceriodaphnia cornigera Jiang Xiezhi 1977. World distribution: C. cornuta is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics (Chatterjee et al. 2013; Kotov et al. 2013a). This species is also reported by Kotov et al. (2013b) from Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions. Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Agro-pastoral reservoirs in northern Côte d’Ivoire (Aka et al. 2000); Ayame Lake I (Ouattara et al. 2007); Comoé River, Comoé National Park (Yao et al. 2015); Tendo-Ehy-Aby lagoonal system (Monney et al. 2015); Lobo and Davo Rivers (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Ceriodaphnia acuminata Ekman 1900; Ceriodaphnia limicola Ekman 1900; Ceriodaphnia richardi Sars 1901; Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg 1901. World distribution: C. dubia is widespread throughout the world, and is currently considered a true cosmopolitan species (Chatterjee et al. 2013; Jeong et al. 2014). This species is reported from all zoogeographical regions defined by Kotov et al. (2013b), except the Antarctic region. Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard, 1894 (species inquirenda) Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Toupah, Cosrou, and Bengerville (Rham 1964). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: Ceriodaphnia rigaudi is reported as species inquirenda by Kotov et al. (2013b) and Kotov and Fuentes-Reinés (2015). Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785 Syn.: Cephaloxus Sars, 1861; Hyalodaphnia Schoedler, 1866; Leiodaphnia Dybowski and Grochowski, 1895; Dactylura Brady, 1898; Daphniopsis Sars, 1903. Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) barbata Weltner, 1898 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: D. (Ctenodaphnia) barbata is reported from Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina O.F. Müller, 1776 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Daphne longispina O.F. Müller 1776; Daphnia rectispina Krøyer 1838; Daphnia muelleri P.E. Müller 1867; Daphnia leydigii Hellich 1874; Daphnia centricosa Hellich 1877; Daphnia paludicola Hellich 1877; Daphnia tenuitesta Sars 1890; Daphnia brevipennis Sars 1890; Daphnia hellichi Stingelin 1895; Daphnia rectifrons Stingelin 1895; Daphnia rotundirostris Burckhardt 1899; Daphnia pulchella Sars 1903; Daphnia aspina Wereschagin 1911. World distribution: D. (Daphnia) longispina is reported in Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b), but also in Europa, Asia, and North Africa (Benzie 2005 in Chatterjee et al. 2013; Jeong et al. 2014). Scapholaberis Schödler, 1858 Scapholaberi kingii Sars, 1888 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon, Bengerville, Bimbresso (Rham 1964); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: Found in African, Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions (Maiphae et al. 2008), this species is reported to have a wide distribution (Chatterjee et al. 2013; Jeong et al. 2014) and is regarded as being from Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Simocephalus Schôldler, 1858 Syn.: Simodaphnia Angel and Chevey, 1927; Simosa Norman, 1903. Simocephalus latirostris Stingelin, 1906 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I and Bia and Agnebi Rivers (Ouattara et al. 2007). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: According to Kotov et al. (2013b), this species’ distribution is restricted to Neotropical regions. Nevertheless, according to OrlovaBienkowskaja (1995 1998) and Orlova-Bienkowskaja (2001) in Chatterjee et al. (2013), numerous records of S. latirostris were reported from Australia, Malay Archipelago, South-East Asia, and Africa. page 7 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Simocephalus vetulus O.F. Müller, 1776 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Dabou (Rham 1964). Synonyms: Daphnia vetulus O.F. Müller 1776; Daphnia brandti Fischer 1848; Daphnia sima O.F. Müller 1785; Monoculus nasutus Jurine 1820; Simocephalus angustifrons Lilljeborg 1901; Simocephalus beianensis Shi Xinlu and Shi Xinbai 1994; Simocephalus gebhardti Ponyi 1955; Simocephalus hungaricus Ponyi 1956. World distribution: Maiphae et al. (2008) suggests that S. vetulus is from African, Australian, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic regions. On the other hand, according to Kotov et al. (2013b), it is reported only in Palaearctic regions, while Orlova-Bienkowskaja (1998) and Jeong et al. (2014) report this species as only being present in Europe and North Africa. Ilyocryptidae Smirnov, 1992 Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862 Syn.: Iliocryptus Sars, 1862. Ilyocryptus sordidus Liévin, 1848 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Toupah (Rham 1964); Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983). Synonyms: Acanthocercus sordidus Liévin 1848; Iliocryptus aequalis Romijn 1919; Iliocryptus balatonicus Hankó 1926; Iliocryptus inaequalis Romijn 1919; Ilyocryptus alexandrinae Negrea 1987. World distribution: This species is distributed in the Northern Palearctic, but close forms are widely distributed worldwide according to Ghaouaci et al. (2018). On the other hand, Kotov et al. (2013b) reported it like species from Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palaearctic regions on the one hand and exclude it from the Oriental, Australasian, Pacific Ocean islands, and Antarctic regions. Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon (Dabou, Eloka, Bengerville) (Rham 1964); Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1983); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Sassandra River main stem (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Ilyocryptus halyi Brady 1886: Ilyocryptus longiremis Sars 1888; Acanthocercus immundus Ihering 1895; Iliocryptus verrucosus Daday 1905; Iliocryptus tetraspinatus Bergamin 1939. World distribution: Ilyocryptus spinifer is signaled as widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics (Kotov and Dumont 2000). On the other hand, Kotov et al. (2013b) reported it to be like species from Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Pacific Ocean islands, and Palaearctic regions, and excludes only the Antarctic region. According to Sousa and Elmoor-Loureiro (2019), I. spinifer is a cosmopolitan species with high ecological plasticity. Macrothricidae Norman and Brady, 1867 Grimaldina Richard, 1892 Grimaldina brazzai Richard, 1892 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Dabou (Rham 1964). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: Grimaldina brazzai has been described from Gabon (Richard 1892 in Chatterjee et al. 2013) and is reported to be from Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Macrothrix Baird 1843 Syn.: Echinisca Liévin, 1848; Iheringula Sars, 1900; Drepanomacrothryx Werestschagin, 1913; Gurneyella Brehm, 1930. Macrothrix spinosa King, 1853 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); low ground at Gagnoa (Yté et al. 2009). Synonyms: Macrothrix goeldi Richard 1897; Macrothrix squamosa Sars 1901; Macrothrix affinis Brady 1904; Macrothrix dentata Playfair 1915; Macrothrix murati Gauthier 1939. World distribution: M. spinosa is regarded as a circumtropical species (Maiphae et al. 2008; Smirnov 1992 in Chatterjee et al. 2013); it is also believed to be widely distributed in Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Pacific Ocean islands, and Palaearctic regions, but not from the Antarctic region (Kotov et al. 2013b). Macrothrix triserialis Brady, 1886 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Dabou, Toupah, Bengerville (Rham 1964); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Sassandra River main stem and Lobo River (Kouamé et al. 2018). Synonym: Macrothrix chevreuxi Guerne and Richard 1892. World distribution: M. triserialis is considered a tropical and subtropical cladocera species (Dumont et page 8 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020) © 2020 Academia Sinica, Taiwan al. 2002); it is also believed to be from Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, Oriental, and Pacific Ocean islands regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Moinidae Goulden, 1968 Moina Baird, 1850 Syn.: Mediomoina Аrоrа 1931. Moina dubia Guerne and Richard, 1892 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Bengerville, Bimbresso (Rham 1964). Synonyms: No synonyms available. World distribution: M. dubia is mentioned as being from Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions (Chatterjee et al. 2013; Kotov et al. 2013b). Moina reticulata Daday, 1905 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Kossou Lake (Lamoot and Dumont 1974). Synonym: Moinodaphnia reticulata Daday 1905. World distribution: Mentioned as an Afrotropical and Neotropical species (Kotov et al. 2013b). Moina micrura Kurz, 1875 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1982 1983; Ouattara et al. 2007); Ebrie Lagoon: Aghien, Layo (Arfi et al. 1987; Legendre et al. 1987; Aka et al. 2016a b); Bia and Agnebi Rivers (Ouattara et al. 2007); Grand-Lahou Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2009); Tendo-Ehy-Aby lagoonal system (Monney et al. 2015); Bagoe River (N’da et al. 2015); Comoé River in Comoé National Park (Yao et al. 2015); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); fish ponds in Gagnoa (Amian et al. 2018); Sassandra River main stem, Lobo and Davo Rivers (Kouamé et al. 2018); Fresco Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2018); Hana River in Taï National Park (Diomande et al. 2018). Synonyms: Moina weberi Richard 1891; Moina macrophtalma Stingelin 1913; Moina lacustris Rammner 1931; Moina macrocephala Rammner 1933; Moina latidens Brehm 1933; Moina parva Jenkin 1934; Moina dodhui Rane 1987. World distribution: According to Chatterjee et al. (2013) and Jeong et al. (2014), M. micrura is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and southern Europe; it was considered a cosmopolitan species by De los Ríos-Escalante and Kotov (2015) and Ghaouaci et al. (2018). Moinodaphnia Herrick, 1887 Syn.: Paramoina Sаrs, 1888. Moinodaphnia macleayi King, 1853 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Bingerville, Aghien (Rham 1964; Aka et al. 2016a b); Grand-Lahou Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2009). Synonyms: Moina macleayi King 1853; Moina submucronata Brady 1886; Moinodaphnia alabamensis Herrick 1887; Moinodaphnia mocquerysi Richard 1892. World distribution: M. macleayi is widely distributed, in Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Order Ctenopoda Sars, 1865 Sididae Baird, 1850 Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 Syn.: Daphnella Baird, 1850. Diaphanosoma excisum Sars, 1885 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ayame Lake I (Yté et al. 1982 1983); Agro-pastoral reservoirs in the northern Côte d’Ivoire (Aka et al. 2000); Ebrie Lagoon (Aghien, Layo) (Arfi et al. 1987; Legendre et al. 1987; Aka et al. 2016a b); Ayame Lake I, Bia and Agnebi Rivers (Ouattara et al. 2007); the Comoé River (Comoé National Park) (Yao et al. 2015); Tendo-Ehy-Aby lagoonal system (Monney et al. 2015); the Bagoe River (N’da et al. 2015); Buyo Lake (Yté et al. 1996; Kouamé et al. 2018); Fish ponds at Gagnoa (Amian et al. 2018); Sassandra river main stem, Davo and Lobo Rivers (Kouamé et al. 2018); Fresco Lagoon (Etilé et al. 2018). Synonyms: Diaphanosoma paucispinosum Brehm 1933. World distribution: D. excisum is found in the tropics and subtropics of the eastern hemisphere (Korovchinsky 2004). It is widely distributed in the old world (Kotov et al. 2013a), and species have been reported in the Afrotropical, Australasian, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions (Kotov et al. 2013b). Diaphanosoma sarsi Richard, 1894 Distribution in Côte d’Ivoire: Ebrie Lagoon: Cosrou, Eloka, Bingerville, Banco, Dabou, Toupah, Grand Bassam (Rham 1964). Synonym: Diaphanosoma singalense Daday 1898. World distribution: D. sarsi is widely distributed in the old world (Kotov et al. 2013a); it has been page 9 of 14Zoological Studies 59:31 (2020)