ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION IN CLOTHING DESIGN AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ERGONOMICS

ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-12 370 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION IN CLOTHING DESIGN AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ERGONOMICS Omonov Dilshod Esonovich Samarkand State Pedagogical Institute, Professor of the Department of “Fine Arts and Technological Education”, Faculty of “Exact and Applied Sciences”, 1st-year Master’s students of “Engineering Graphics and Design Theory” Jorayeva Muxlisa Alisher qizi, Yunusova Nafisa Jamshid qizi Abstract This article highlights the scientific and theoretical foundations of the interrelationship between engineering graphics and the principles of composition in clothing design, as well as their application in ergonomics. The integration of graphic modeling, form, proportion, rhythm, symmetry, and balance with ergonomics in the process of clothing creation is analyzed. In addition, the role of modern computer graphics tools in fashion design is revealed. Keywords: engineering graphics, clothing design, composition, ergonomics, modeling, form, AutoCAD, 3D design. In modern society, with the development of the design industry, especially in the field of clothing design, the integration of engineering graphics and ergonomic requirements has gained significant importance. Today, creating clothing that is not only aesthetically attractive but also adapted to the human body, comfortable, and functional has become a primary requirement. In this process, modeling carried out through engineering graphics plays an essential role. In clothing design, along with the principles of composition—such as form, proportion, rhythm, color harmony, and balance— ergonomic requirements, that is, adaptation to human physiological characteristics, also occupy an important place. Therefore, this article scientifically analyzes the principles of composition in engineering graphics and clothing design and their application in ergonomics. THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING GRAPHICS IN CLOTHING DESIGN Engineering graphics is a field of science that enables the representation of technical objects through graphic images and allows their design and modeling. In clothing design, engineering graphics helps to construct garments based on precise drawings. With the help of graphic tools, the dimensions, proportions, cutting patterns, and technological processing stages of garment details are accurately planned. Modern designers use software such as AutoCAD, CorelDRAW, CLO3D, and Marvelous Designer to model garments in 2D and 3D formats. This increases the efficiency of the design process and enables the project to be transferred quickly and accurately to the production stage. PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION IN CLOTHING DESIGN Composition means the harmonious integration of form, color, decorative elements, patterns, and silhouette. The following main principles of composition are of great importance in clothing design: • Symmetry and asymmetry: ensure the balance of the garment form. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-12 371 • Rhythm: the repetitive arrangement of patterns, seams, and decorations gives dynamism to the garment. • Proportion: the conformity of garment parts to human body measurements ensures both aesthetic and ergonomic comfort. • Color harmony: creates psychological impact and aesthetic pleasure. • Form and silhouette: determine the overall image of the garment. These principles are implemented through engineering graphics based on precise calculations. Each line, segment, and form is designed in accordance with the anatomical structure of the human body. THE IMPORTANCE OF ERGONOMICS IN CLOTHING DESIGN Ergonomics is a scientific field that studies the harmony between humans, technology, and the environment. In clothing design, it serves to ensure comfort, freedom of movement, health safety, and overall convenience. For clothing to be ergonomically perfect, the following criteria must be considered: • Compatibility with body measurements; • Freedom of movement; • Air permeability of the material; • Optimal weight and thickness; • Thermal regulation properties. With the help of engineering graphics, the ergonomic structure of clothing is pre-modeled and tested virtually. This minimizes errors. THE HARMONY OF COMPOSITION AND ERGONOMICS In clothing design, composition should ensure not only aesthetic appearance but also ergonomic comfort. For example, the placement of decorative elements should not interfere with movement, seams should not press on the body, and patterns should create visual balance. Through engineering graphics, all garment elements are positioned based on coordinates. As a result, both aesthetic and ergonomic requirements are simultaneously ensured during the design process. THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES Today, digital technologies are revolutionizing the field of clothing design. With the help of 3D modeling, garments are created based on a digital model of the human body. Virtual measurements help eliminate ergonomic errors in advance. This reduces production costs and improves product quality. CONCLUSION In conclusion, engineering graphics and the principles of composition in clothing design and their application in ergonomics are an essential component of the modern design industry. Engineering graphics ensures accurate modeling of garments, composition provides aesthetic perfection, and ergonomics guarantees human comfort and health. The integration of these three fields leads to the creation of modern, functional, and competitive clothing. REFERENCES 1. 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