Bibliometric review on factors influencing consumers’ intention to purchase electric vehicles

Zhu, Xinyu; Lamsali, Hendrik Article Bibliometric review on factors influencing consumers’ intention to purchase electric vehicles Cogent Business & Management Provided in Cooperation with: Taylor & Francis Group Suggested Citation: Zhu, Xinyu; Lamsali, Hendrik (2024) : Bibliometric review on factors influencing consumers’ intention to purchase electric vehicles, Cogent Business & Management, ISSN 2331-1975, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2422036 This Version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/326657 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. 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Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1381 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=oabm20 Marketing | review article Cogent Business & ManageMent 2024, VoL. 11, no. 1, 2422036 Bibliometric review on factors influencing consumers’ intention to purchase electric vehicles Xinyu Zhu and Hendrik lamsali school of technology Management & Logistics, universiti utara Malaysia, sintok, Malaysia ABSTRACT the prevailing global emission pollution dilemma necessitates a sustainable alternative to gasoline-powered automobiles, with electric vehicles serving as a viable option. the shift from petrol to electric cars (evs) poses a challenge for expanding markets like Malaysia. the Malaysian automobile association reported that electric vehicle sales in Malaysia for 2023 totaled 13,257 units. this study examines studies on determinants that affect consumers’ intention to acquire electric vehicles. Subsequently, analyzed information regarding the determinants affecting Malaysian customers’ propensity to acquire electric vehicles in order to assess prevailing trends. thirty-six articles published between 2016 and 2023 were extracted from the Scopus databases. the investigation was conducted via bibliometric analysis utilizing vOSviewer software. the subsequent conventional bibliometric indicators employed were: publication year, source type, language, subject area, keyword analysis, geographical distribution, and author citation analysis. keyword analysis and publication patterns suggest that the determinants affecting consumers’ propensity to acquire electric vehicles represent a viable subject for future research. 1. Introduction now that global carbon emissions are increasing, more environmental protection measures need to be taken to ensure that the environment will not deteriorate; therefore, promoting the adoption of electric vehicles (evs) is a powerful measure. Fossil fuel combustion is a major contributor to global warming and, if checked, could result in catastrophic climate change (alanazi, 2023). the environment, economy, and society are all negatively affected by the consumption of petroleum carried by internal combustion engine vehicles (icevs), in addition to their contribution to greenhouse gas (gHg) emissions (Broadbent et al., 2021). Unlike their gasoline-powered counterparts, electric vehicles operate primarily on electricity stored in advanced battery systems, producing zero tailpipe emissions during operation. this fundamental distinction positions evs as key players in the transition toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly transportation ecosystem. the adoption of electric vehicles is not merely a technological trend but a strategic response to the urgent need for cleaner modes of mobility. 1.1. According to the Malaysian Automobile Association (MAA) Malaysian Automotive Association, Malaysian Automotive Association (2023), Malaysia electric vehicle sales in 2023 were only 13,257 units in comparison, the country’s total vehicle sales are approximately 720,000 units, with the former accounting for only 1.8%. the Malaysian electric vehicle market is relatively new compared to other countries © 2024 the author(s). Published by informa uK Limited, trading as taylor & Francis group CONTACT Hendrik Lamsali [email protected] school of technology Management & Logistics, universiti utara Malaysia, sintok 06010, Malaysia https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2422036 this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. the terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent. ARTICLE HISTORY received 14 March 2024 revised 23 July 2024 accepted 22 October 2024 KEYWORDS Bibliometric review; electric vehicles; purchase intention; influencing factors, climate change SUBJECTS consumer Psychology; consumer Behavior; Supply chain Management; Manufacturing industries; road vehicle Manufacturing industry 2 X. ZHU anD H. laMSali and regions, so research on Malaysian consumers’ purchase intentions for electric vehicles can help local automobile manufacturing companies and dealers better understand Malaysian consumers’ purchase preferences for vehicles. recently, an increasing number of automakers, including well-known brands like volkswagen and BMw, have declared that they will accelerate the process of electrifying their vehicles. Scientists have been steadily expanding their studies in this area (lim et al., 2019). the average consumer has limited knowledge about electric vehicles, even with the significant growth in the literature in these areas (e.g. battery technology, charging technology, and assisted driving technology). therefore, this study conducts a bibliometric review of past studies to discover and understand this aspect of electric vehicle purchase intention. Databases related to this topic were explored by searching for documents accessible in Scopus journals. the findings of this study will aid other researchers in formulating concepts for future research projects and in comprehending patterns in earlier research. the remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 examines earlier studies on the variables that have a major impact on consumers’ intentions to buy electric cars. the data sources, data collection, and data analysis for this experiment are presented in Section 3. the outcomes of the bibliometric analysis are presented in Section 4. the results are outlined in chapter 5 along with suggestions for future studies. 2. Literature review 2.1. Bibliometric analysis Bibliometric analysis is widely employed to evaluate the quantity and caliber of published works to identify patterns or trends within a specific field of study (Suchart & Pornpawee, 2022). the use of bibliometric analysis to report research trends and impacts is becoming more widespread. the most common categories of bibliometric indicators are country, authorship, citations, impact, and publication classification (ahmi & Mohamad, 2019). Bibliometric analysis constructs a statistical model to describe the field’s structure and pinpoints major themes and current linkages, such as those found in clusters and networks (ahmi & Mohamad, 2019). Understanding the structure of networks is the goal of both networks and clusters; bibliometric and scientometric studies frequently combine these two approaches. a critical assessment of the study will be made easier through the comprehensive analysis of the research trajectory. 2.2. Previous studies Most of the previous studies on electric vehicle purchase intention started based on consumers’ subjective feelings. Faizah et al.’s study (2023) applying the expanded unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UtaUt) and religious beliefs will clarify the extent to which technological factors, personal factors, and religious beliefs influence ev intentions and adoption. Some articles mention the impact of environmental awareness and sustainability (adnan et al., 2017; afroz etal., 2015; amin etal., 2020; amr et al., 2023; F. c. liao et al., 2017; Schuitema et al., 2013; Siyal et al., 2021). Some scholars believe that brand effect also has a great impact on consumers’ purchase intention. when consumers do not recognize a new brand, they will most likely not buy it because they do not want to take perceived risks (akmal & Sharifah, 2019; gunawan et al., 2022; Jiang etal., 2021; liu etal., 2020; nguyen, 2020; rezvani et al., 2015; thean et al., 2023; thilina & nisal, 2019). Other consumers who have owned gasoline cars will first consider the performance and reliability of electric cars before deciding on their purchase (Habich-Sobiegalla et al., 2019; Jensen et al., 2019; liu et al., 2020; trivedi & kishore, 2020). the next step is to study from the perspective of financial policy. according to the findings of (adhikari et al., 2020) the relatively high purchase price of electric vehicles compared to internal combustion vehicles and inadequate long-term planning and goal setting by the government were listed as obstacles to the popularization of electric vehicles in nepal. Study (anil et al., 2020), based on sensitivity analysis, shows that changes in the various components of operating costs have a significant impact on the cumulative ownership cost of electric vehicles, resulting in electric vehicle prices not falling too quickly Moreover, most research incentive policies such as subsidies have a significant cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 3 positive impact on consumers’ purchase intention of electric vehicles (chu & Mohamed, 2022; Huang & ge, 2019; ivanova & Moreira, 2023; li et al., 2019; Mustapa et al., 2020; nidal, 2020; J. w. wang et al., 2020). nowadays, the global demand for electric vehicles is increasing, and the degree of construction of supporting facilities such as charging stations is also an important factor that consumers need to consider before purchasing electric vehicles. Several studies have demonstrated that the availability of charging facilities has a positive impact on consumer attitudes and purchase intention (Broadbent etal., 2018; Dong etal., 2020; Dutta & Hwang, 2021; Julio etal., 2021; S. wang etal., 2017). the study (asensio etal., 2021) further examines how to optimize charging station power dispatch to attract more consumers. Of course, researchers start from an institutional perspective and use customer-centered sustainable development methods to promote restrained consumption (k. Y. liao et al., 2020; Sheth et al., 2011). Many previous studies have reviewed ev purchase intentions and ev technology using literature reviews. each paper presents a conclusion analysis from a different perspective, but they all show the factors that influence consumers to purchase electric vehicles. Study (amin et al., 2020) reviewed the impact of optimal charging and dispatching of electric vehicles on consumers’ use of electric vehicles under dynamic pricing schemes. Study (ivanova & Moreira, 2023) was based on a systematic literature review of 63 articles published between 1994 and 2021. the antecedents of electric vehicle purchase intention are divided into three categories: consumer characteristics, electric vehicle characteristics, and electric vehicle-related policies. in addition (Muzir et al., 2022), reviewed the challenges related to the implementation of ev culture in Malaysia are thoroughly examined, including the Malaysian government, policymakers, and ev manufacturers. However, none of these studies used bibliometric analysis to review the prior literature. therefore, in this study, bibliometric analysis was conducted to address the following questions: i. what are the journal’s most common/popular research topics? ii. which countries and regions are most popular for publishing articles on related topics? iii. which journals do researchers prefer to publish, and which journals have the most citations? table 1 presents a selection of prior research on the factors influencing the purchase intention of electric vehicles, in addition to bibliometric studies on the subject. there has been more research on this subject since January 2024. in general, there is a dearth of bibliometric analyses regarding the intentions to purchase electric vehicles. thus, to help researchers identify gaps in the literature and important topics, this article offers a thorough review of the factors influencing ev purchase intention. this will enable future studies to focus on promising research areas. Table 1. summary of previous studies. author the aim of the paper Methodology Key findings Habich-sobiegalla et al. (2019) to examine the factors of Chinese citizens’ intentions to adopt eVs a web-based sP survey; ordered logit regression Consumers will be much more likely to purchase an electric car if they have a large social network and know people who already own one. to a lesser degree, other descriptive factors like age and education also have notable effects. sovacool et al. (2019)to determine the factors associated with potential eV adoption a web-based sP survey; regression and principal component analysis the desire to purchase electric vehicles is influenced by three factors: policy support for promoting electric vehicles, the perceived advantages of driving an electric vehicle, and the performance of electric vehicles. Ling et al. (2021)to determine the factors that influence electric vehicle adoption a web-based sP survey the greater the willingness to purchase electric vehicles (PHeVs and BeVs), the higher the male and household income. tu and Yang (2019)to investigate key factors influencing consumer to purchase electric vehicles Questionnaires, using Cronbach’s α to measure Consumers’ environmental awareness and acceptance of technological products will also affect their behavioral intentions, or they will be more inclined to purchase electric vehicles when they think they are simpler and more convenient to use. the perceptions of those around consumers also significantly influence their behavioral intentions. 4 X. ZHU anD H. laMSali these studies investigated relatively mature ev markets such as china and european countries. in this study, the author focuses on the Malaysian ev market, and the previous research variables are different from this research. For instance, ling et al. (2021) investigated male and household income levels as influencing factors and Habich-Sobiegalla et al. (2019) examined whether social networks can significantly influence consumers’ purchase intentions. Overall, there is a lack of bibliometric analysis of ev purchase intention in the current literature, especially with regard to Malaysian consumers. therefore, this study provides an in-depth and up-to-date review of the research on ev purchase intention, which will enable researchers to identify gaps in the literature and key topics. 3. Methodology 3.1. Data source a comprehensive analysis of bibliographic material was conducted using the core collection of the Scopus database to identify trends, impacts, and consequence themes of research related to electric vehicle purchase intention. First, it is widely regarded as the largest database covering a comprehensive range of scholarly works, with over 19 million author records and 2.4 billion citations. Second, Scopus covers a range of interrelated disciplines such as social sciences, engineering, and business. thus, the Scopus database has been identified as a reliable and comprehensive resource for quantitative scientific research. 3.2. Data collection to collect information from the Scopus database, researchers must record it in three steps according to the following requirements: 1. topics: what the expert is interested in researching, scope: database type, search field, string; 2. Screening - time range and qualifications, after keyword search (n); 3. included – data document analysis that will be used. Figure 1 shows the flow chart used in this study. the topic covered in this study was the purchase intention of evs. Using the search query ‘title-aBSkeY ((“electric vehicle”) anD (“purchase intention”)),’ the information required for this study is as follows: Scopus; time frame: 1996–2023; number of documents: 196. then, the keywords are reset using the search query ‘title-aBS-keY ((“electric vehicle”) anD (“influencing”) anD (“purchase intention”)),’ identified records and n = 36, time frame: 2016–2023. From the Scopus database before January 15, 2024, the files included publications from 2016 to 2023, with the exception of data for 2024 because there was not enough data published in that year to represent research trends in 2024. Furthermore, the study specifically focuses on engineering, social sciences, business, management, environment, and decision science. consequently, 36 documents were selected for further analysis using search-related keywords. 3.3. Data analysis to ensure that the data were accurate, the 36 papers chosen for bibliometric analysis must be confirmed. erroneous conclusions can result from inaccurate data; examples include different authors publishing in the same journal, using wrong keywords, etc. Because there was not much data in this study, it is possible to manually examine the data. the authenticity of numerous components, including author names, publication counts, affiliations, nationalities, keywords, and document titles, were extensively examined to confirm the data. a basic bibliometric analysis was conducted during the survey. the purpose of the data analysis was to identify publication trends, assess impact, and investigate the impact of publications on research in the field of electric vehicle purchase intention. Figure 2 illustrates the bibliometric analysis. the vOS viewer software can utilize the cSv files of the Scopus database to visualize network co-occurrences, examine the impact of publications, and conceptualize, visualize, and create affiliated cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 5 networks. Finally, citation metrics are one way to measure the quality of research by examining how often it is cited; the higher the number of citations, the more influential the research is likely to be. with citations, you can examine the most influential articles in the field of study to understand the research topic. 4. Result the Scopus database was used to analyze growth, document and source type, language, geographical distribution, subject area, keyword analysis, author citations, active institutions, and citation analysis by year and year of publication. the results are presented in frequency and percentage forms. this study uses vOS viewer software’s co-authorship analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and citation analysis to visualize these data. this chapter provides an overview of the results from the bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database to answer the research questions. Figure 1. search flow chart. Figure 2. Bibliometric analysis process. 6 X. ZHU anD H. laMSali 4.1. Publication by year and publication trend Over the past 8 years, 36 research studies related to the topic of factors influencing the intention to purchase electric vehicles been published; the number of documents collected each year is shown in table 2. the table shows the factors influencing the intention to purchase electric vehicles this area from 2016 to 2023. Study (Z. wang & Dong, 2016) published the first paper in 2016, and the latest publication by Putra et al. (2023) in 2023. Based on the data in table 2, Figure 3 shows the research trends in this field. Until 2020, only a few articles were published each year and, none were published in 2017. However, after 2020, the overall research trend is upward, with an increase each year. this indicates that this research topic has received increasing attention. in 2020, most of the traditional car companies announced that their future business direction will shift to electric cars including BMw, volkswagen, and other european car companies, and released their time to stop developing gasoline cars. By far the highest number of papers on willingness to purchase an electric vehicle is 2023, with 12 publications, or one-third of the total number of papers. 4.2. Geographical distribution of publication and documents’ language this section counts the number of publications categorized by country/region of authorship based on cSv files. the Scopus database shows that scholars from 16 countries have contributed to the body of knowledge on the factors influencing electric vehicle purchase intentions. table 3 summarizes the top 10 countries with the most publications on this topic in the Scopus database. table 3 shows that the research results on reverse logistics and sustainability are mainly concentrated in china (38.89%), india (19.44%), indonesia (5.56%), Malaysia (5.56%) and Saudi arabia (5.56%). the total number of citations china (758), india (195) and indonesia (129) are the three most cited countries. in fact, Malaysian articles also had a good number of citations, only 3 less than indonesia. the reason for the highest number of articles from china is that the ev market in china has been the most competitive in the world in recent years, and there are many factors that influence chinese consumers to purchase evs. the dominance of the number of citations reflects china’s huge investment in research on ev technology, or else tesla, the giant, wouldn’t have built its gigafactory in Shanghai. Here, the term ‘document language’ refers to the specific language used by a document to convey information. Most documents are in english, which facilitates communication and collaboration between Table 2. Publication on factors influencing intention to purchase eV. Year total publication % 2016 1 2.78% 2017 0 0 2018 3 8.33% 2019 2 5.56% 2020 3 8.33% 2021 8 22.22% 2022 7 19.44% 2023 12 33.33% Figure 3. Publication trend (Source: scopus). cOgent BUSineSS & ManageMent 7 researchers. this was also true for the data in this bibliometric analysis, where all 36 articles were written in english. the results are presented in table 4. 4.3. Subject area and document types current publishing patterns can also be found through subject area analysis. this investigation is predicated on the documents that were chosen for this analysis and were grouped based on the field of study that the titles of the sources in which they were published indicated. From the 36 documents gathered, 10 subject areas were identified, as indicated in table 5. environmental Science (19.15%), engineering (18.09%), energy (15.96%) and Social Sciences (15.96%) are the major subject areas. However, engineering was not directly related to the main focus of this study. On the other hand, environmental Sciences, Business, Management and accounting, Decision Science, and energy are directly connected to the research field’s primary focus. the Scopus database to be a useful tool for researchers in all fields to access a wide range of scholarly information, focusing on peer-reviewed sources to ensure the quality and reliability of the indexed content. Document types were used to analyze documents extracted from the Scopus database. Document types included published papers, conference papers, reviews, books, book chapters, editorials, and others. table 6 summarizes the document-type analyses. Published articles accounted for more than half (75%) of the factors influencing the intention to purchase electric vehicles papers, followed by conference papers (19.44%), book chapters (2.78%), and conference reviews (2.78%). 4.4. Citation analysis of articles citation analysis provides a thorough evaluation of the most significant and extensive body of the literature. table 7 displays the top 10 of the 36 articles along with the number of citations for each article. researchers can verify the relevance of a publication within a particular field of study by counting the number of citations it receives. this helps to determine the impact of a publication. the density of these publications, which is based on the number of links, supports citations, and it is through the analysis of this density that the relationships between specific articles are revealed. Table 3. top 10 countries/region with the highest publication. Country/ territory total publication %total citation China 14 38.89% 758 india 7 19.44% 195 indonesia 2 5.56% 129 Malaysia 2 5.56% 126 saudi arabia 2 5.56% 118 taiwan 2 5.56% 57 thailand 2 5.56% 22 united states 2 5.56% 0 Viet nam 1 2.78% 118 ghana 1 2.78% 14 Table 4. Documents’ language. Language total publication % english 36 100 Table 5. subject area covered in factors influencing electric vehicle purchase intentions. subject area total publication % environmental science 18 19.15% engineering 17 18.09% energy 15 15.96% social sciences 15 15.96% Computer science 11 11.70% Business, Management and accounting 9 9.57% Decision sciences 3 3.20% economics, econometrics and Finance 3 3.20% Mathematics 2 2.13% earth and Planetary sciences 1 1.06% 14 X. ZHU anD H. laMSali liao, F. c., eric, M., & Bert, v. w. (2017). consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review. Transport Reviews, 37(3), 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1230794 liao, k. Y., wu, w. 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