PANDEMIC AND GLOBAL TOURISM: THE IMPACT OF COVID-19

Journal(of(Academic(Research( and(Trends(in(Educational( Sciences( Journal(home(page:(( http://ijournal.uz/index.php/jartes( PANDEMIC(AND(GLOBAL(TOURISM:(THE(IMPACT(OF(( COVID-19( Sardorbek)Normurodov1) ) University(of(World(Economy(and(Diplomacy( DOI:"10.5281/zenodo.17928538" Article+History+ Abstract+ Received:"10.10.2025" Accepted:"12.12.2025" The"COVID-19"pandemic"has"severely"disrupted"the"global"tourism" industry," leading" to" an" unprecedented" decline" in" international" travel." Strict" travel" restrictions," strict" lockdown" measures," and" health"concerns"have"led"to"a"significant"decline"in"tourist"arrivals," which"has"also"affected"economic"sectors"that"depend"on"tourism." Airlines," hotels," and" small" businesses" have" suffered" significant" financial" losses," and" governments" have" begun" implementing" various"public"health"strategies,"including"digital"health"documents" and"financial"assistance"programs."This"article"examines"the"impact" of" the" pandemic" on" global" tourism," the" economic" consequences," changes"in"consumer"behavior,"and"the"long-term"transformation"of" the" industry." It" also" discusses" the" importance" of" technology" and" long-term"practices"in"the"post-pandemic"tourism"recovery." Keywords:"COVID-19,"global"tourism,"travel"restrictions,"economic"impact,"consumer"behavior," sustainable"tourism,"post-pandemic"recovery,"tourism"sustainability." " This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru) (( ( 1!Jizzakh!Polytechnic!Institute,!Jizzakh,!Uzbekistan! JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ DECEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( ( 85( ! ( ( PANDEMIYA(VA(GLOBAL(TURIZM:(COVID-19(NING(TA’SIRI( ! KALIT&SO‘ZLAR/( КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ&СЛОВА: ANNOTATSIYA/(АННОТАЦИЯ& & COVID-19,&global&turizm,& sayohat&cheklovlari,& iqtisodiy&ta'sir,& iste'molchilarning&xattiharakatlari,&barqaror& turizm,&pandemiyadan& keyingi&tiklanish,&turizm& barqarorligi.& COVID-19&pandemiyasi&global&turizm&sanoatini&jiddiy&ravishda& buzilishiga&olib&keldi&va&xalqaro&sayohatlarning&o’tmishda&hech& ko’rilmagan& darajada& pasayishiga& olib& keldi.& Qattiq& sayohat& cheklovlari,& qat’iy& yopilish& choralari& va& sog‘liq& bilan& bog‘liq& xavotirlar& sayyohlar& kelishining& sezilarli& darajada& qisqarishiga& olib&keldi,&bu&esa&turizmga&bog'liq&bo'lgan&iqtisodiy&sektorlarga& ta'sir& qilmay& qolmadi.& Aviakompaniyalar,& mehmonxonalar& va& kichik& biznes& jiddiy& moliyaviy& yo'qotishlarga& duch& keldi,& hukumatlar& sog'liqni& saqlash& bo'yicha& turli& strategiyalarni,& jumladan& raqamli& sog'liqni& saqlash& hujjatlarini& va& moliyaviy& yordam&dasturlarini&amalga&oshirishni&boshladi.&Ushbu&maqola& pandemiyaning& global& turizmga& ta'sirini,& iqtisodiy& oqibatlarini,& iste'molchilar&xatti-harakatlaridagi&o'zgarishlarni&va&sanoatdagi& uzoq& muddatli& o'zgarishni& o'rganadi.& Bundan& tashqari,& texnologiya& va& uzoq& muddatli& amaliyotlarning& pandemiyadan& keyingi& turizmni& qayta& tiklashda& qanchalik& ahamiyatliligini& muhokama&qiladi.& ! Kirish:! COVID-19)pandemiyasi)misli)ko'rilmagan)global)turizm)inqirozini)keltirib)chiqardi,) xalqaro)sayohatlar) blokirovkalar,)chegaralarning)yopilishi)va)sog'liq) muammolari)tufayli) keskin)pasayib)ketdi.)Pandemiyadan)oldin)turizm)global)yalpi)ichki)mahsulotning)qariyb)10) foizini)tashkil)etgan)va)320)milliondan)ortiq)ish)o‘rinlarini)qo‘llab-quvvatlagan.)Biroq,)2020) yilda)xalqaro)sayyohlar)kelishi)65)foizga)qisqardi)va)moliyaviy)yo'qotishlar)2009)yilgi)global) iqtisodiy)inqirozdan)oshib)ketdi.)Birlashgan)Millatlar)Tashkilotining)Savdo)va)Rivojlanish) bo'yicha) Konferentsiyasi) (UNCTAD)) turizmdan) 1,2) trillion) dollargacha) zarar)ko'rishini) taxmin)qildi.2) Pandemiyaning)ta'siri)turizmdan)tashqariga)chiqib,)aviatsiya,)mehmonxona)sanoati) va) boshqa)sohalarga) jiddiy) ta'sir) ko'rsatdi.) Global) turizmda)tiklanish) belgilari)ko’ringan) bo'lsa-da,) ba’zi) bir) muammolar) haligacha) yechilmay) qolmoqda.) Taxminlarga) qaraganda,) 2025-yilda)ispan)aviakompaniyalari)yo'lovchilar)soni)rekord)darajada)bo'lishini)kutmoqda,) Avstraliyada)esa)qisqa)muddatli)tashrif)buyuruvchilarning)ko'payishini)kuzatmoqda.) Ushbu) maqolada) COVID-19) ning) turizmga) iqtisodiy) ta’siri,) sayohatchilarning) odatlaridagi) o‘zgarishlar) va) sanoatning) texnologiya) hamda) barqarorlik) orqali) qanday) moslashgani)ko‘rib)chiqiladi.)Shuningdek,)unda)asosiy)tiklanish)yo‘llari)va)pandemiyadan) keyin)global)turizmda)yuz)beradigan)uzoq)muddatli)o‘zgarishlar)haqida)so‘z)boradi.) Adabiyotlar!tahlili:! ( 2!Bu!ma’lumot!UNWTO!(BMTning!Jahon!sayyohlik!tashkiloti)dan!olingan.!!https://www.unwto.org/news/impact-ofcovid-19-on-global-tourism-made-clear-as-unwto-counts-the-cost-of-standstill?utm_source! JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ DECEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( ( 86( ! ( ( COVID-19)pandemiyasi)global)turizmga)sezilarli)taʼsir)koʻrsatib,)2020-yilda)xalqaro) sayyohlar) kelishini)60–80%) ga) qisqarishiga) olib) keldi.3)UNWTO)(Birlashgan) Millatlar) Tashkilotining) Jahon) Turizm) Tashkiloti))pandemiyaning) birinchi) choragida) global) turizmning)22)foizga)qisqargani)haqida)ma’lumot)berdi,)bu)esa)butun)dunyoda1,2)trillion) dollargacha) yo'qotishlarga) olib) keldi) va) 120) millionga) yaqin)ish) o'rinlarini) xavf) ostiga) qo'ydi.4)Aviakompaniya) sanoati) 314) milliard) dollarga) yaqin)daromadni)yo‘qotdi,) mehmonxona) va) turar) joy) sektorida)bandlik) darajasi) 60) foizdan) ko’proqqa)pasaydi.5) Jahonda)bo’lib)o’tgan)bu)pandemiya)ushbu)sohaning)qanchalik)bunday)holatlarga)tayyor) emasligini) ko‘rsatdi) va) kelajakda) bunday) holatlarga) nisbatan)yaxshiroq) biznes) g’oyalari,) raqamli) texnologiyalardan) foydalanish) va) barqaror) turizm) qoidalarini) ishlab) chiqish) kerakligini)tushunib)yetdi.) Metodologiya:! Ushbu) tadqiqotda) COVID-19) ning) global) turizmga) ta'sirini) tahlil) qilish) uchun) turli) tadqiqot) usullaridan) foydalanildi.) Iqtisodiy) yo'qotishlarni) hisoblash)va) qayta) rivojlanish) yo’llarini)ko’rish)uchun)UNWTO)va)UNCTAD)kabi)tashkilotlarning)statistik)ma'lumotlaridan) foydalanildi.) Turli) mintaqalarga)qanday) ta'sir) qilgani) va) ular) qanday) munosabatda) bo'lganini) taqqoslab,) tadqiqotda)turizmning) pasayishi) va) tiklanishidagi) asosiy) farqlarni) ko’rsatadi.) Ushbu) tahlilga) asoslanib,) maqolada)turizm) sanoatini) yanada) barqaror) va) bardoshli)tarzda)tiklashga)yordam)beradigan)strategiyalarni)ko’rib)chiqamiz.) Natijalar!va!muhokama:! COVID-19) pandemiyasi) global) turizmda) misli) koʻrilmagan) qisqarishni) keltirib) chiqardi,)Grafikga)e’tibor)beradigan)bo’lsak,)2020-yilda)xalqaro)sayyohlar)soni)2019-yilga) nisbatan)74)foizga)kamaydi,)bu)esa)taxminan)bir)milliard)sayyohlarning)qisqarishiga)teng) hisoblanadi.)Ushbu)keskin)pasayish)jiddiy)iqtisodiy)tanazzulga)olib)keldi,)xalqaro)turizm) foydasi)taxminan)1,3)trillion)dollarga)zarar)ko'rdi.6) Xalqaro) turizmning) qayta) tiklanishi) 2022) yilda) boshlandi,) turistlar) soni) pandemiyadan)oldingi)paytdan)ko’ra)63%)ga)ko'tarildi.)Ushbu)o’sish)hajmi)2023)yilga)kelib) tezlashdi,) chunki) xalqaro) sayyohlar) yilning) birinchi) choragida) pandemiyadan) oldingi) ko'rsatkichlarning) taxminan) 80%) ga) yetdi.7)Shunisi) e'tiborga) loyiqki,) Yaqin) Sharq) 2023) yilning) dastlabki) to'qqiz) oyida) pandemiyadan) oldingi) darajadan) 20) foizga) oshib,) kuchli) tiklanishni) namoyish) etdi.) Dunyoning) eng) ko'p) tashrif) buyuradigan) mintaqasi) bo'lgan) Yevropa,)o’sha)paytda)pandemiyadan)oldin)kelganlarning)94)foiziga)erishdi.) ( 3!Haryanto,!T.!(2020).!COVID-19 Pandemic and International Tourism Demand.!Journal!of!Developing!Economies.! 4!Luković,!S.,!&!Stojković,!D.!(2020).!COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Tourism.!CyberLeninka.! 5!Gössling,!S.,!Scott,!D.,!&!Hall,!C.!M.!(2021).!Pandemics, tourism, and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19.! Journal!of!Sustainable!Tourism.! 6!Bu!ma’lumot!UNWTO!(BMTning!Jahon!sayyohlik!tashkiloti)dan!olingan.!https://www.unwto.org/covid-19-andtourism-2020?utm_source! 7!Bu!ma’lumot!UNWTO!(BMTning!Jahon!sayyohlik!tashkiloti)dan!olingan.!https://www.unwto.org/news/tourism-ontrack-for-full-recovery-as-new-data-shows-strong-start-to-2023?utm_source! JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ DECEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( ( 87( ! ( ( 1-rasm.) 1990-yildan) beri) xalqaro) sayyohlarning) kelishlari) soni) statistikasi.) ) 2-rasm.)2019) va) 2022-yillardagi) xalqaro)sayyorlarning)kelishlari)soni.) ) ) ) Manba:) Statista) (2024)) International* Tourism*to*Surpass**Pre-Pandemic*Levels* in*2024.)UNWTO.) Manba:) Statista) (2024)) How* Covid* Changed* the* World’s* Top* Tourist* Destinations.)UNWTO.) 3-rasm.)Xalqaro)sayyohlarning)kelishlari)(2019-yilga)nisbatan)o’zgarish)foizda)) ) Manba:)UNWTO)(2023))International*Tourist*Arrivals*–*World*Tourism*Barometer,*January* JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ DECEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( ( 88( ! ( ( 2023.) Aviatsiya) sektori)ham)ijobiy) o’zgarishlarni) aks) ettirdi,) 2023) yilda) global) aviakompaniyalar)quvvati)2019)yil)darajasidan)2,4)foizga)oshdi.)Biroq,)bu)tiklanish)barcha) hududlarda)bir)xil)kechgani)yo’q.)Masalan,)grafikka)ko’ra)Janubi-Sharqiy)Osiyo)va)Sharqiy) Yevropa)bu)ko’rsatgich)pasayishda)davom)etdi,)bu)esa)global)turizm)tiklanishidagi)doimiy) nomutanosiblikni)ko’rsatib)berdi.) Ushbu) o’zgarishlarga)qaramay,) turizm) sanoatining) tiklanishi) turli) muammolarga,) jumladan,) iqtisodiy) tengsizliklar,) rivojlanayotgan) iste'molchilar) xatti-harakatlari) va) geosiyosiy)keskinliklarga)moyil)bo'lib)qolmoqda.)Turizmning)barqarorligi)sog‘liqni)saqlash,) iqtisodiyot)va)biznesning)moslashishiga)bog‘liq)bo’lib)qolmoqda.) ! 1-jadval.!Pandemiya!va!global!turizm:!COVID-19!ning!ta’siri!bo’yicha!SWOT!analiz! Strengths!(Kuchli!tomonlari)! Weaknesses!(Zaif!tomonlari)! -)Turizm)sanoati)oldin)ham)global) inqirozlarga)bardosh)bergan) tajribaga)ega.) -)Xalqaro)sayohatlar)74%)gacha)qisqardi,) ko‘plab)aviakompaniyalar)va) mehmonxonalar)bankrotlikka)uchradi.) -)Ichki)turizm)pandemiya)sharoitida) nisbatan)tezroq)tiklana)boshladi.) -)Turizm)sohasining)ko‘plab)mamlakatlar) iqtisodiyotiga)qattiq)bog‘liqligi)uning) beqarorligini)oshirdi.) -)Texnologiyalar)rivojlanishi)bilan) raqamli)turizm)(virtual)sayohatlar,) onlayn)bron)qilish))o‘sdi.) -)Sayohat)cheklovlari)va)karantin)choralari) turizmni)qattiq)cheklab)qo‘ydi.) -)Turizmning)barqaror)va)ekologik) shakllari)rivojlanishga)harakat)qildi.) -)Ishsizlik)darajasi)turizm)sohasida)keskin) oshdi.) Opportunities!(Imkoniyatlar)! Threats!(Tahdidlar)! -)Pandemiyadan)keyin)xavfsizlik) choralari)va)gigiyenaga)e’tibor) qaratilgan)yangi)turizm)turlarini) rivojlantirish)imkoniyati)paydo) bo‘ldi.) -)Pandemiyaning)uzoq)muddatli)ta’siri) turizmning)tiklanishiga)sekinlik)bilan)ta’sir) qiladi.) -)Ichki)va)mahalliy)turizm)rivojlandi,) ko‘plab)mamlakatlar)mahalliy) sayohatchilarni)qo‘llab-quvvatladi.) -)Geosiyosiy)mojarolar)va)iqtisodiy)inqiroz) global)turizm)rivojlanishiga)xavf)tug‘diradi.) -)Sun’iy)intellekt)va) avtomatlashtirilgan)xizmatlar) turistik)xizmatlarni)yaxshilashga) yordam)berdi.) -)Iqlim)o‘zgarishi)tufayli)kelajakda)tabiiy) ofatlar)turizm)infratuzilmasiga)zarar) yetkazishi)mumkin.) JARTES 4;3 IJOURNAL.UZ DECEMBER, 2025 Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences is produced by XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC Group, a division of ijournal.uz platform Downloaded from ijournal.uz. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright © 2025 XALQARO TADQIQOT LLC. All rights reserved. ! ( ( 89( ! ( ( -)Onlayn)xizmatlar)va)raqamli)sog‘liq) saqlash)hujjatlari)sayohatni)yanada) qulay)qilish)imkonini)berdi.) -)Kelajakda)yangi)pandemiyalar)yoki)sog‘liq) bilan)bog‘liq)global)inqirozlar)yuzaga) kelishi)mumkin.) Manba:*Muallif*tomonidan*ishlab*chiqilgan.* ) Bu)SWOT)tahlili)global)turizmning)COVID-19)pandemiyasi)davridagi)asosiy)kuchli)va) zaif)tomonlarini,)shuningdek,)imkoniyatlar)va)tahdidlarni)ko‘rsatib)beradi.) Xulosa! COVID-19) pandemiyasi) global) turizmni) oʻzgartirib,) moslashuvchan) va) barqaror) boʻlish) muhimligini) koʻrsatdi.) U) ommaviy) turizmga) haddan) tashqari) ishonish) xavfini) ko’rsatib) berdi) va) raqamli) yechimlar) va) inqirozni) yaxshiroq) rejalashtirish) zarurligini) ta'kidladi.)Uzoq)muddatli)rivojlanishni)ta'minlash)uchun)sanoat)barqarorlik,)innovatsiyalar) va)kelajakdagi)muammolar)uchun)aqlli)strategiyalarga)e'tibor)qaratishi)kerak.) Adabiyotlar!ro’yxati! 1. UNCTAD)(2020))Impact*of*COVID-19*on*global*tourism:*Economic*losses*and* recovery* prospects.)United) Nations) Conference) on) Trade) and) Development.) Available) at:) https://unctad.org)) 2. UNWTO) (2020))International* tourism* and* COVID-19* crisis.)United) Nations) World)Tourism)Organization.)Available)at:)https://www.unwto.org) 3. United) Nations) World) Tourism) Organization) (UNWTO),) 2020.) Impact* assessment* of* the* COVID-19* outbreak* on* international* tourism.) [online]) Available) at:) https://www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-on-internationaltourism) 4. Reuters)(2025))Spanish*airlines*see*another*record*summer*as*tourists*move* past* COVID.)https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/spanish-airlines-seeanother-record-summer-tourists-move-covid-2025-03-21/)) 5. Gössling,) S.,) Scott,) D.,) &) Hall,) C.) M.) (2021).) Pandemics,* tourism,* and* global* change:*A*rapid*assessment*of*COVID-19.)Journal)of)Sustainable)Tourism.)PDF) 6. Haryanto,)T.)(2020).)COVID-19*Pandemic*and*International*Tourism*Demand.) Journal)of)Developing)Economies.) 7. Luković,) S.,) &) Stojković,) D.) (2020).) COVID-19* Pandemic* and* Global* Tourism.) CyberLeninka.)) ) )