CVD-Engineered Nano Carbon Architectures: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Outlook
Abstract
Description: FAIR data applicable for the Review paper, from the collaboration of the EBEAM project members with the Centre of Nanotechnologies of the CEET, VSB-TUO. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52071225) and the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No. 101087143 (Electron Beam Emergent Additive Manufacturing (EBEAM)). Project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 “REFRESH-Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-tech Industries” via the Operational Programme Just Transition and CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000045 “Circular economy R&D Centre—CirkArena and The Operational Programme Just Transition”.
Full text
Carbon Dimension Representative Materials Raman Signature XPS Signature XRD Signature Ref. 0D CQDs, NDs, CNOs,GF CQDs: D & G present; broad bands from disorder; weak 2D. NDs: 1332 cm⁻¹ diamond peak. CNOs: strong D, broadened G (curved shells). CQDs: mixed sp²/sp³ + C–O, C=O, COOH groups. CNOs: mostly sp², graphitization increases with annealing. NDs: dominant sp³ core. CQDs: very broad (002). CNOs: broadened graphitic (002), ~0.34 nm spacing. NDs: sharp diamond reflections (111 at ~44°). [137,138,140,141,144,145] 1D Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs), CNTs GNRs: strong edge D; RLBM 200-400 cm⁻¹; widthdependent features. D-band dispersion is a GNR fingerprint. Predominantly sp²; edges host O/N dopants; chemistry varies with fabrication. Individual ribbons: no strong (002). Bundled GNRs or CNTunzipped products show turbostratic (002) features. [143,146,147] 2D Graphene Sheets, Carbon Nanowalls (CNWs) CNWs: strong D (edge density), G prominent. D-band energy dispersion ~46 cm⁻¹/eV. Mostly sp² with small sp³; oxygen functional groups present. Valence band resembles graphite. ~0.34 nm layer spacing (graphitelike). Broad (002) due to vertical nanosheet geometry. [148,149] 3D Graphene Foams, Aerogels, sp²–sp³ Graphitic Networks D and G clear; 2D broad singlecomponent; crystallinity improves with annealing. Predominantly sp²; sp³ fraction depends on synthesis; annealing reduces oxygen. Broad (002) that sharpens with wall thickening; sp²/sp³ hybrids show expanded spacing + diamond + graphitic peaks. [145,149]