How to create a semantically interlinked Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph from heterogeneous distributed repositories? Examples from CH Artefacts, Holy Wells and Cultural Heritage covered with Campanian Ignimbrite tephra

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E Florian Thiery, Daria Stefan, Lasse Mempel-Länger, Fiona Schenk, Nora White, Megan Kasten, Anne-Karoline Distel, Peter Thiery CHNT30 | 2025 | 03-05 Nov 2025 | Vienna | Austria | 04/11/2025 Session: RDM in an agile world of Knowledge Hubs How to create a semantically interlinked Cultural Heritage Knowledge Graph from heterogeneous distributed repositories? Examples from CH Artefacts, Holy Wells and Cultural Heritage covered with Campanian Ignimbrite tephra In the interdisciplinary field of Cultural Heritage, research data is dispersed across heterogeneous and distributed repositories 2 Florian Thiery & Andreas Noback, CC BY 4.0 Integrating community-driven infrastructures such as the Wikiverse and OpenStreetMap supports also AI systems 3 Mtrognitz, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons A view of the Wikimedia Linked Open Data web. Credit: Dan Shick (WMDE) CC-BY-SA 4.0 Building semantically interlinked and federated Knowledge Graphs relay on community standards, such as the CIDOC-CRM, terminologies, and Linked Open Data (LOD) technologies 4 via https://5stardata.info/ and https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html FAIR access to Cultural Heritage data plays a crucial role in fostering transparency, reproducibility, and community engagement 5 image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E The urgency of these efforts becomes evident when considering how cultural heritage continues to shape contemporary society 6 image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E Example: The Ogham Stone CIIC 506 (GIGHA/1) on the Isle of Gigha 7 image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E Og(h)am of the Month Jan 2025: S-ARL-001 (CIIC 506 | GIGHA/1) 8 via https://ogham.glasgow.ac.uk/index.php/ogham-of-the-month/ Ogham as part of the local heritage and brewery identity 9 via gighabreweryandbar @ Instagram How to “feed” the (CH-) Federated Knowledge Graph Ecosystem?16 I0I0 0I0I LOD Wikibase FDO GIS OSM LPG HIN EpiDoc Florian Thiery & Andreas Noback, CC BY 4.0 17 01 02 03 04 Irish Ogham Stones Linked Ogham (RDF) Wikidata & other Wikibases FDO (3D Models & Software) OSM, TEI/EpiDoc Holy Wells Wikidata OSM & FDO (3D Models) Campanian Ignimbrite Linked Open Data (fuzzy-sl Ont.) fuzzy-sl Wikibase OpenStreetMap & Wikidata FDO (Research Software) Govan Artefacts Wikidata & Wikibases OSM & FDO (3D Models) Four Use Cases from heterogeneous distributed repositories I0I0 0I0I LOD Wikibase FDO GIS OSM LPG HIN EpiDoc Ogham Stones Mix of all Sources … Ogham! 4.-6. AD, early Medieval, “Primitive Irish” 19 Florian Thiery, CC BY 4.0 image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E Florian Thiery & Peter Thiery, CC BY 4.0 Ogham Stones within the KG Ecosystem 20 Florian Thiery, CC BY 4.0 Extract from the Linked Open Ogham Ontology 21 E22 TX6 TX1 E25 E22 TX3 Florian Thiery, CC BY 4.0 CIIC 506 Gigha Ogham Stone 22 R.A.S. Macalister, Corpus inscriptionum insularum Celticarum, vol. I (1945) / p. 484 Steve Partridge, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons CIIC 506 Gigha Ogham Stone @ CISP Database 23 via https://linkedopenogham.github.io/cisp-recovery/cisp/database/stone/gigha_1.html Gigha Stone as TEI/EpiDoc ⇒ CIDOC-CRM and LOD? 24 E22 E25 via https://github.com/lguariento/og-h-am/blob/main/XML/S-ARL/S-ARL-001.xml Gigha Stone as TEI/EpiDoc ⇒ CIDOC-CRM and LOD? 25 TX1 TX6 via https://github.com/lguariento/og-h-am/blob/main/XML/S-ARL/S-ARL-001.xml 32 via https://research-squirrel-engineers.github.io/jupyter-nb-lod/wikidata-ogham-sites-map Wikidata I0I0 0I0I 33 via https://research-squirrel-engineers.github.io/jupyter-nb-lod/wikidata-ogham-sites-map Wikidata [Q130529871] I0I0 0I0I Semantic Kompakkt [Q1247] 34 via https://wikibase.semantic-kompakkt.de/wiki/Item:Q1247 via https://semantic-kompakkt.de/entity/670e54210da6ec51ee08e5fb Semantic Kompakkt [Q1247] 35 via https://semantic-kompakkt.de/entity/670e54210da6ec51ee08e5fb I0I0 0I0I FactGrid [Q1000294] 36 via https://database.factgrid.de/wiki/Item:Q1000294 OpenStreetMap [Overpass-Turbo] 37 via https://overpass-turbo.eu/s/1lwq Florian Thiery, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 38 Query source Federating between Semantic Kompakkt to get the 3D file view location & Wikidata to get all external IDs THX to Lozana !!! 39 Federating between Semantic Kompakkt (as starting point), Wikidata (to get external IDs), FactGrid (to get Fuzzy-SL ID), and Fuzzy Spatial Locations (fuzzy-sl) to get coordinates* Query source *NB: Not possible out of the box – requires additional config of the allowlist & relatively complex syntax, prone to mistakes when writing manually THX to Lozana !!! Holy Wells Wikidata / OSM / FDO The Citizen Science Wikidata Project Holy Wells 41 via https://w.wiki/AQ2F via https://w.wiki/AQ2F via https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_HolyWells Hogback Govan Stone 2 @ Govan Old Parish Church, Glasgow, Scotland 48 https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/govan-2-b9dc56bfc1d342f6b4da3281e6629c07 Florian Thiery, CC BY 4.0 Kasten, Megan Nichole. 2019. ‘The Govan Stones Revealed: Digital Imaging in the Analysis of Early Medieval Sculpture’. Doctoral Thesis (PhD), University of Glasgow. https://doi.org/10.5525/gla.thesis.74266. I0I0 0I0I E22 E25 Hogback Govan Stone 2 @ Semantic Kompakkt 49 https://semantic-kompakkt.de/entity/6900db0bab8796a7fba64f05 I0I0 0I0I Hogback Govan Stone 2 @ Semantic Kompakkt Wikibase 50 https://wikibase.semantic-kompakkt.de/wiki/Item:Q1772 https://wikibase.semantic-kompakkt.de/wiki/Item:Q1773 E22 Hogback Govan Stone 2 @ Semantic Kompakkt (made with KIRI Engine) 51 https://semantic-kompakkt.de/entity/6908819cdf9a1290826f9d51 I0I0 0I0I Hogback Govan Stone 2 @ Semantic Kompakkt Wikibase 52 https://wikibase.semantic-kompakkt.de/wiki/Item:Q1772 https://wikibase.semantic-kompakkt.de/entity/Q1775 E22 Govan Stone 2 @ WissKI Cloud (with CIDOC CRM backbone) 53 Campanian Ignimbrite fuzzy-sl Wikibase (wikibase.cloud) About 40’000 yr b2k ago, the largest eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) took place in the Phlegraean Fields. 55 Florian Thiery & Fiona Schenk, CC BY 4.0 Findspots with spatial-type: Cave and Archaeologcial Site 56 45 44 51 fuzzy-sl RDF Modelling Scheme 57 Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0 http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/ E53 Toplitsa Cave in the LOD Cloud 64 https://research-squirrel-engineers.github.io/campanian-ignimbrite-geo/cisite_45/index.html https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q115 To conclude … … and open for discussion … 1 Methodologically: Semantic integration transforms heterogeneous cultural heritage data into interoperable, FAIR Knowledge Graphs. 2 Scientifically: Federated Knowledge Graphs reveal new connections across cultural, textual, and environmental domains. 3 Strategically: Sustainable, FAIR-aligned infrastructures depend on continuous, community-driven curation and semantic enrichment. 66 image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. image: Florian Thiery CC BY 4.0, created using OpenAI’s DALL·E Finis! Thx! Florian Thiery M.Sc. Research Squirrel Engineers Network [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3246-3531