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Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v17i2.6 Open Access Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science (MEJS), V17(2):302-323,2025 Β©CNCS, Mekelle University,ISSN:2220-184X Submitted: 3rd September 2024 Accepted: 1st October 2024 Published: 15th December 2025 Β© CNCS Mekelle University. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This license enables re-users to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. To view the details of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/4. 0/. CC: Creative Commons; BY: credit must be given to the creator. Development of Kifilideenβs Rule to Solve Multiplication of Bi-Indexes, TriIndexes and π-Indexes Simultaneous Equations of Two Variables, Three Variables and π Variables Respectively Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju* Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Bells University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria (*amkifilideenosanyinpej[email protected]m, kosanyinpej[email protected].ng; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-89957559). ABSTRACT Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms generates multiplication of triindexes or bi β indexes simultaneous equations of its componentsβ migration level value, migration step value, and first term. There is a need to develop a simple, short, effective, and standardized rule or model to tackle such a problem. This study develops Kifilideenβs Rule to solve the multiplication of biindexes, tri-indexes, and -indices simultaneous equations of two variables, three variables, and variables respectively. Elimination method, laws of indices, and cofactor and determinant of matrix were deployed in establishing, formulating, and modeling the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes and tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables, respectively. The Kifilideenβs Rule was implemented in the form of a model in solving problems involving multiplication of bi-indexes and triindexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables, respectively. The general solution to solve the multiplication of index simultaneous equations of variables using Kifilideenβs rule was inaugurated. The Kifilideenβs Rule is in the form of a model to solve multiplication of bi-indexes and triindexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables, respectively, which was found to be effective, straightforward, reliable, interesting, easy, and intuitive to understand for students and beginners. Keywords: Kifilideenβs Rule, Simultaneous Equations, Multiplication of Bi-Indexes, Multiplication of TriIndexes, Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence. 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of simultaneous equations, also known as systems of linear equations, has a rich history with contributions from ancient civilizations and mathematicians which involve finding solutions for multiple equations with multiple variables, dates back thousands of years and spans various cultures (Grcar, 2011a; Khushbu and Poonia, 2021). The earliest known evidence of solving simultaneous equations dates back to ancient Babylonian mathematicians where clay tablets showed solutions to systems of linear equations. They used algebraic methods to solve systems of linear equations, often in the context of practical problems, such as determining the dimensions of fields or distribution of goods (Zara, 2008). The Babylonians utilized geometric
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 303 ISSN: 2220-184X methods and tables to solve linear and quadratic equations, including systems involving two equations (Burton, 2011). In ancient Egypt (1650 BCE), the Rhind Papyrus contained problems that involved solving systems of linear equations (Fribera, 2008). The ancient Greeks, particularly Diophantus (fl. 3rd century CE), made significant contributions to the field of algebra, including solving simultaneous equations (Rizos and Gkrekas, 2022). Diophantus of Alexandria contributed to the development of algebraic methods. Though Diophantus primarily dealt with single-variable equations, his work laid the groundwork for future developments in algebra (Sfard, 1995). During the Middle Ages, Arabic mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi (780-850 CE) and Al-Kindi (801-873 CE) made significant contributions to algebra, including solving simultaneous equations (Rahaman, 2022). Islamic mathematicians such as Al-Khwarizmi and Omar Khayyam expanded on Greek and Indian mathematics, further developing methods for solving equations (Baki, 1992). While their work primarily focused on quadratic equations, their contributions to algebra helped set the stage for later developments in simultaneous equations (Kabar, 2023). Al-Khwarizmi's book "AlKitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabrwa'l-muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) introduced algebraic methods for solving linear and quadratic equations, including simultaneous equations. In the 16th century, Italian mathematician Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576) developed methods for solving systems of linear equations (Heeffer and Rothman, 2014). RenΓ© Descartes (1596-1650) introduced the concept of coordinates and graphing, which laid the foundation for modern methods of solving simultaneous equations (Neovius, 2013). RenΓ© Descartes and Pierre de Fermat were pivotal figures in the development of analytical geometry, which links algebra and geometry (Oaks, 2021). Descartesβ work on Cartesian coordinates provided a geometric interpretation of simultaneous equations, allowing for the visualization of solutions as points of intersection between curves or lines (Neovius, 2013). In the 18th century, Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) developed the method of substitution for solving systems of linear equations (Carmine, 2021). In the 19th century, German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) developed the method of elimination for solving systems of linear equations, which is still widely used today (Grcar, 2011a). The 20th century saw the development of matrix theory and the introduction of the concept of linear independence, which further advanced the solution of simultaneous equations (Grcar, 2011b). Today, simultaneous equations are an essential tool in various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, and computer science, and are solved using a variety of methods,
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 304 ISSN: 2220-184X including Cramerβs rule, Gaussian elimination, Jacobian method, Gauss-Seidel method, LU decomposition, and matrix inversion (Samuel, 2011; Woollard , 2015; Osanyinpeju, 2024a). Key figures in the history of simultaneous equations include Diophantus (fl. 3rd century CE), AlKhwarizmi (780-850 CE), Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576), RenΓ© Descartes (1596-1650), Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) and Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). These mathematicians, along with many others, have contributed to the development of methods for solving simultaneous equations, which has had a profound impact on various fields of science and engineering. Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms generates multiplication of tri β indexes or bi β indexes simultaneous equations of its components migration level value, π, migration step value, π, and first term, π. The Kifilideenβs General Term Formula of the Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms is of the form: ππ=ππππβππ, (1) Where, ππ is the ππ‘β term,π is the migration level value, π is the migration step value and π is the first term of the Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms (Osanyinpeju, 2021; Osanyinpeju, 2024b). The Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms is the geometric versions of the Kifilideenβs Arithmetic Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms (Osanyinpeju, 2022; Osanyinpeju, 2023). The Kifilideenβs Arithmetic Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite and finite terms are originated and generalized from Kifilideenβs Trinomial Theorem of infinite and finite terms respectively (Osanyinpeju, 2020a; Osanyinpeju, 2020b). There is need to develop a simple, short, effective and standardized rule, method or model to tackle multiplication of tri β indexes or bi β indexes simultaneous equations generated from Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite terms. Such developed model can be applied to solve mathematical or World problems which have the same pattern or form as the Kifilideenβs Geometric Matrix Progression Sequence of infinite terms. With reference to method to solve multiplication of bi-indexes, tri-indexes and π-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables, three variables and π variables respectively, there is no available study. This study develops Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes, tri-indexes and π-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables, three variables and π variables respectively.
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 305 ISSN: 2220-184X 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Elimination method, laws of indices, and cofactor and determinant of matrix were deployed in establishing, formulating and modelling the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes and tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables respectively. 2.1. Establishment of Kifilideenβs Rule to Solve Multiplication of Bi-Indexes Simultaneous Equations of Two Variables For a given multiplication of bi-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables, say π πππ π such that: ππ₯ππ¦=π, (2) ππ€ππ£=π, (3) The generation of the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables is illustrated as follow: From (2) and (3), I have: ππ₯ π¦π=π1 π¦, (4) ππ€ π£π=π1 π£, (5) To find π, eliminate π by dividing (4) with (5), ππ₯ π¦βπ€ π£=π1 π¦πβ1 π£, ππ₯π£βπ€π¦ π¦π£ =π1 π¦πβ1 π£, π=π1 π¦(π¦π£ π₯π£βπ€π¦)πβ1 π£(π¦π£ π₯π£βπ€π¦), π=π(π£ π₯π£βπ€π¦)π(βπ¦ π₯π£βπ€π¦), (6) From (2) and (3), I have: πππ¦ π₯=π1 π₯, (7) πππ£ π€=π1 π€, (8) To find π, eliminate π by dividing (7) with (8), ππ¦ π₯βπ£ π€=π1 π₯πβ1 π€, ππ¦π€βπ£π₯ π₯π€ =π1 π₯πβ1 π€, π=π1 π₯(π₯π€ π¦π€βπ£π₯)πβ1 π€(π₯π€ π¦π€βπ£π₯), π=π(π€ π¦π€βπ£π₯)π(βπ₯ π¦π€βπ£π₯), π=π(βπ€ π£π₯βπ¦π€)π(π₯ π£π₯βπ¦π€) , (9)
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 306 ISSN: 2220-184X From (2) and (3), the determinant of matrix of the input index system is represented as βπππ and is given as: βπππ=|π₯ π¦ π€ π£|=π₯π£βπ€π¦, (10) Also, let the matrix of the input index system represent πππ, so I have: πππ=(π₯ π¦ π€ π£)=(π11 π12 π21 π22), The components of the cofactor of πππ are given as: πππ11 =ππππππ‘πππππ11 =π£, (11) πππ12 =ππππππ‘πππππ12 =βπ€, (12) πππ21 =ππππππ‘πππππ21 =βπ¦, (13) πππ22 =ππππππ‘πππππ22 =π₯, (14) Inputting (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14) in (6), I have: π=π(πππ11 βπππ)π(πππ21 βπππ), Inputting (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14) in (9), I have: π=π(πππ12 βπππ)π(πππ22 βπππ), Generally, the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables, say π πππ π such that: ππ₯ππ¦=π , ππ€ππ£=π is given as: π=π(πππ11 βπππ)π(πππ21 βπππ) , (15) π=π(πππ12 βπππ)π(πππ22 βπππ) , (16) 2.2. Inauguration of Kifilideenβs Rule to Solve Multiplication of Tri-Indexes Simultaneous Equations of Three Variables For a given multiplication of tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables, say π,π πππ π such that: ππππππ=π , (17) ππππ ππ‘=π , (18) ππ₯ππ¦ππ§=π , (19)
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 307 ISSN: 2220-184X The generation of the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of tri-indexes simultaneous equations of three variables is illustrated below. From (17), I have: ππ πππ ππ=π1 π , (20) From (18), I have: ππ π‘ππ π‘π=π1 π‘ , (21) And from (19), I have: ππ₯ π§ππ¦ π§π=π1 π§ , (22) To eliminate π, divide (20) with (21) and (21) with (22), so we have: Dividing (20) with (21), so I have ππ πβπ π‘ππ πβπ π‘=π1 ππβ1 π‘ , πππ‘βππ ππ‘ πππ‘βππ ππ‘ =π1 ππβ1 π‘ , (23) πππ‘βππ ππ‘βππ π=π π‘ ππ‘βππ πβπ ππ‘βππ , (24) Dividing (21) with (22), so I have ππ π‘βπ₯ π§ππ π‘βπ¦ π§=π1 π‘πβ1 π§ , πππ§βπ‘π₯ π‘π§ ππ π§βπ¦π‘ π‘π§ =π1 π‘πβ1 π§ , (25) πππ§βπ‘π₯ π π§βπ¦π‘π=π π§ π π§βπ¦π‘πβπ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , (26) To find π, eliminate π by dividing (24) with (26), so I have: πππ‘βππ ππ‘βππ βππ§βπ‘π₯ π π§βπ¦π‘ =π π‘ ππ‘βππ πβπ ππ‘βππ βπ§ π π§βπ¦π‘ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , π(ππ‘βππ)(π π§βπ¦π‘)β(ππ§βπ‘π₯)(ππ‘βππ ) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)=π π‘ ππ‘βππ πβπ(π π§βπ¦π‘)βπ§(ππ‘βππ ) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , πππ‘π π§βππ‘2π¦βπππ π§+πππ‘π¦β(ππ§π‘πβππ§ππ βπ₯π‘2π+π‘π₯ππ ) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)=π π‘ ππ‘βππ πβππ π§+ππ‘π¦βπ§ππ‘+π§ππ (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , πππ‘π π§βππ‘2π¦βπππ π§+πππ‘π¦βππ§π‘π+ππ§ππ +π₯π‘2πβπ‘π₯ππ (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)=π π‘ ππ‘βππ πππ‘π¦βπ§ππ‘ (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , πππ‘π π§βππ‘2π¦+πππ‘π¦βππ§π‘π+π₯π‘2πβπ‘π₯ππ (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)=π π‘ ππ‘βππ ππ‘(ππ¦βπ§π) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , ππ‘(ππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ ) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)=π π‘ ππ‘βππ ππ‘(ππ¦βπ§π) (ππ‘βππ )(π π§βπ¦π‘)ππ‘ π π§βπ¦π‘ , πππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ =ππ π§βπ¦π‘πππ¦βπ§ππππ‘βππ , πππ π§βππ‘π¦βππ π+π₯π‘π+πππ¦βπ₯ππ =ππ π§βπ¦π‘πππ¦βπ§ππππ‘βππ , (27)
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 308 ISSN: 2220-184X From (17), (18), and (19), the determinant of matrix of the input index system is represented as βπππ and is given as: βπππ=|π π π π π π‘ π₯ π¦ π§| (28a) βπππ=π|π π‘ π¦ π§|βπ|π π‘ π₯ π§|+π|π π π₯ π¦| βπππ=π(π π§βπ¦π‘)βπ(ππ§βπ₯π‘)+π(ππ¦βπ π₯) , βπππ=ππ π§βππ¦π‘βππ§π+ππ₯π‘+πππ¦βππ₯π , (28b) Also, let the matrix of the input index system represent πππ, so I have: πππ=(π π π π π π‘ π₯ π¦ π§)=(π11 π12 π13 π21 π22 π23 π31 π32 π33) , The components of the cofactor of πππ are given as: πππ11 =ππππππ‘πππππ11=|π π‘ π¦ π§|=π π§βπ‘π¦ , (29) πππ12 =ππππππ‘πππππ12=β|π π‘ π₯ π§|=β(ππ§βπ₯π‘)=π₯π‘βππ§ , (30) πππ13 =ππππππ‘πππππ13=|π π π₯ π¦|=ππ¦βπ π₯, (31) πππ21 =ππππππ‘πππππ21 =β|π π π¦ π§|=β(ππ§βππ¦)=ππ¦βππ§ , (32) πππ22 =ππππππ‘πππππ22 =|π π π₯ π§|=ππ§βππ₯, (33) πππ23 =ππππππ‘πππππ23 =β|π π π₯ π¦|=β(ππ¦βππ₯)=ππ₯βππ¦, (34) πππ31 =ππππππ‘πππππ31 =|π π π π‘|=ππ‘βππ , (35) πππ32 =ππππππ‘πππππ32 =β|π π π π‘|=β(ππ‘βππ)=ππβππ‘, (36) πππ33 =ππππππ‘πππππ33 =|π π π π |=ππ βππ, (37) Inputting (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), (36), and (37) in (27), I have: πβπππ =ππππ11ππππ21ππππ31, π=π(πππ11 βπππ)π(πππ21 βπππ)π(πππ31 βπππ), (36) From (23), I have:
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 309 ISSN: 2220-184X πππ‘βππ ππ‘ πππ‘βππ ππ‘ =π1 ππβ1 π‘ , (23) ππππ‘βππ ππ‘βππ =π π‘ ππ‘βπππβπ ππ‘βππ, (37) From (25), I have: πππ§βπ‘π₯ π‘π§ ππ π§βπ¦π‘ π‘π§ =π1 π‘πβ1 π§ , (25) πππ π§βπ¦π‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ =π π§ ππ§βπ‘π₯πβπ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , (38) To findπ, I eliminate π by dividing (37) with (38), so I have: πππ‘βππ ππ‘βππβπ π§βπ¦π‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ =π π‘ ππ‘βπππβπ ππ‘βππβπ§ ππ§βπ‘π₯ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , π(ππ‘βππ )(ππ§βπ‘π₯)β(ππ‘βππ)(π π§βπ¦π‘) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βπππβπ(ππ§βπ‘π₯)βπ§(ππ‘βππ) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πππ‘ππ§βππ‘2π₯βππ ππ§+ππ π‘π₯β(ππ‘π π§βππ‘π¦π‘βπππ π§+πππ¦π‘) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βπππβπππ§+ππ‘π₯βπ§ππ‘+π§ππ (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πππ‘ππ§βππ‘2π₯+ππ π‘π₯βππ‘π π§+ππ‘2π¦βπππ¦π‘ (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βπππππ‘π₯βπ§ππ‘ (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πβππ‘π π§+ππ‘2π¦βπππ‘π¦+ππ§π‘πβπ₯π‘2π+π‘π₯ππ (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βππππ‘(ππ₯βπ§π) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πβπ‘(ππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ ) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βππππ‘(ππ₯βπ§π) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πβπ‘(ππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ ) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)=π π‘ ππ‘βππππ‘(ππ₯βπ§π) (ππ‘βππ)(ππ§βπ‘π₯)ππ‘ ππ§βπ‘π₯ , πππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ =πβ(ππ§βπ‘π₯)πβ(ππ₯βπ§π)πβ(ππ‘βππ) , πππ π§βππ‘π¦βππ π+π₯π‘π+πππ¦βπ₯ππ =πβ(ππ§βπ‘π₯)πππ§βππ₯πβ(ππ‘βππ) , (39) Inputting (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), (36), and (37) in (39), I have: πβπππ =ππππ12ππππ22ππππ32, π=π(πππ12 βπππ)π(πππ22 βπππ)π(πππ32 βπππ), (40) From (17), I have: ππ ππππ π=π1 π , (41) From (18), I have: ππ π πππ‘ π =π1 π , (42) And from (19), I have: ππ₯ π¦πππ§ π¦=π1 π¦, (43) To eliminate π, divide (41) with (42) and (42) with (43), so we have:
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 310 ISSN: 2220-184X Dividing (41) with (42), so I have ππ πβπ π ππ πβπ‘ π =π1 ππβ1 π , πππ βππ ππ πππ βππ‘ ππ =π1 ππβ1 π , (44) ππππ βππ‘ ππ βππ =π π ππ βπππβπ ππ βππ , (45) Dividing (42) with (43), so I have ππ π βπ₯ π¦ππ‘ π βπ§ π¦=π1 π πβ1 π¦ , πππ¦βπ π₯ π π¦ ππ‘π¦βπ π§ π π¦ =π1 π πβ1 π¦ , (46) πππ‘π¦βπ π§ ππ¦βπ π₯ =π π¦ ππ¦βπ π₯πβπ ππ¦βπ π₯ , (47) To find π, eliminate π by dividing (45) with (47), so I have: πππ βππ‘ ππ βππβπ‘π¦βπ π§ ππ¦βπ π₯ =π π ππ βπππβπ ππ βππβπ¦ ππ¦βπ π₯ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , π(ππ βππ‘)(ππ¦βπ π₯)β(π‘π¦βπ π§)(ππ βππ) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)=π π ππ βπππβπ(ππ¦βπ π₯)βπ¦(ππ βππ) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , πππ ππ¦βππ 2π₯βππ‘ππ¦+ππ‘π π₯β(π‘π¦ππ βπ‘π¦ππβππ 2π§+π π§ππ) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)=π π ππ βπππβπππ¦+ππ π₯βπ¦ππ +π¦ππ (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , πππ ππ¦βππ 2π₯βππ‘ππ¦+ππ‘π π₯βπ‘π¦ππ +π‘π¦ππ+ππ 2π§βπ π§ππ (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)=π π ππ βπππππ π₯βπ¦ππ (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , πππ 2π§βπ‘π¦ππ +ππ ππ¦βπ π§ππ+ππ‘π π₯βππ 2π₯ (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)=π π ππ βππππ (ππ₯βπ¦π) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , ππ (ππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ ) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)=π π ππ βππππ (ππ₯βπ¦π) (ππ βππ)(ππ¦βπ π₯)ππ ππ¦βπ π₯ , πππ π§βππ‘π¦+πππ¦βππ§π+π₯π‘πβπ₯ππ =πππ¦βπ π₯πππ₯βπ¦ππππ βππ , πππ π§βππ‘π¦βππ π+π₯π‘π+πππ¦βπ₯ππ =πππ¦βπ π₯πππ₯βπ¦ππππ βππ , (48) Inputting (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), (36), and (37) in (48), I have: πβπππ =ππππ13ππππ23ππππ33 , π=π(πππ13 βπππ)π(πππ23 βπππ)π(πππ33 βπππ) , (49) Generally, Kifilideenβs Rule or model to solve multiplication of tri-indexes simultaneous equations of three variables say π,ππππ π of the form: ππππππ=π , ππππ ππ‘=π , ππ₯ππ¦ππ§=π , is given as:
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 317 ISSN: 2220-184X The βπππ= the determinant of matrix of the input index system βπππ=|1 5 3 1 2 6 1 4 2| βπππ=1|2 6 4 2|β5|1 6 1 2|+3|1 2 1 4| βπππ=1(4β24)β5(2β6)+3(4β2), βπππ=1(β20)β5(β4)+3(2), βπππ=β20+20+6, βπππ=6, πππ=the matrix of the input index system πππ=(153 126 142)=(π11 π12 π13 π21 π22 π23 π31 π32 π33) The components of the cofactor of πππ are given as: πππ11 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π11=|2 6 4 2|=4β24=β20, πππ12 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π12=β|1 6 1 2|=β(2β6)=4, πππ13 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π13 =|1 2 1 4|=4β2=2, πππ21 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π21 =β|5 3 4 2|=β(10β12)=2, πππ22 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π22 =|1 3 1 2|=2β3=β1, πππ23 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π23 =β|1 5 1 4|=β(4β5)=1, πππ31 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π31 =|5 3 2 6|=30β6=24, πππ32 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π32 =β|1 3 1 6|=β(6β3)=β3, πππ33 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π33 =|1 5 1 2|=2β5=β3 , Using Kifilideenβs Rule, I have: ππ=(432,000)(πππ11 βπππ)(1,458,000)(πππ21 βπππ)(72,000)(πππ31 βπππ), ππ=(432,000)(β20 6)(1,458,000)(2 6)(72,000)(24 6), ππ=((432,000)β20(1,458,000)2(72,000)24)1 6,
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 318 ISSN: 2220-184X ππ=(1.5625Γ1016)1 6, ππ=initial population of each of the bacteria=500, π₯=(432,000)(πππ12 βπππ)(1,458,000)(πππ22 βπππ)(72,000)(πππ32 βπππ), π₯=(432,000)(4 6)(1,458,000)(β1 6)(72,000)(β3 6), π₯=((432,000)4(1,458,000)β1(72,000)β3)1 6, π₯=(64)1 6, π₯=2 The factors, π₯ of the population growth =2 π¦=(432,000)(πππ13 βπππ)(1,458,000)(πππ23 βπππ)(72,000)(πππ33 βπππ), π¦=(432,000)(2 6)(1,458,000)(1 6)(72,000)(β3 6), π¦=((432,000)2(1,458,000)1(72,000)β3)1 6, π¦=(729)1 6, π¦=3 The factors, π¦ of the population growth =3 (2) The initial salary of a staff in an organization is β¦π. If the salary of the staff is increasing geometrically as the staff migrates from his initial organization to higher organizations due to the complexity of the nature of work carry out by the staff in the higher organizations. After the increase in salary of the staff by a factor of u for 4 times as the staff migrates to higher organizations, the staff is receiving β¦480,000. If after the increase in salary of the staff by a factor of u for 7 times as the staff migrates to higher organizations, the staff is receiving β¦3,840,000. Determine the (i) the initial salary of the staff, β¦π in the first organization, (ii) the factor, π’, at which the salary of the staff is increasing. Solution The mathematical equations of the salary growth of staff are given as: ππ’4=β¦480,000, ππ’7=β¦3,840,000, The βπππ= the determinant of matrix of the input index system βπππ=|1 4 1 7|=7β4 ,
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 319 ISSN: 2220-184X βπππ=3 , πππ=the matrix of the input index system πππ=(1 4 1 7)=(π11 π12 π21 π22), The components of the cofactor of πππ are given as: πππ11 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π11 =7, πππ12=ππππππ‘ππ ππ π12 =β1, πππ21 =ππππππ‘ππ ππ π21 =β4, πππ22=ππππππ‘ππ ππ π22 =1, Using Kifilideenβs Rule, I have: β¦π=(480,000)(πππ11 βπππ)(3,840,000)(πππ21 βπππ), β¦π=(480,000)(7 3)(3,840,000)(β4 3) β¦π=((480,000)7(3,840,000)β4)1 3 , β¦π=(2.7Γ1013)1 3, β¦π=β¦30,000, The initial salary of the staff, β¦π in the first organization=β¦30,000 π’=(480,000)(πππ12 βπππ)(3,840,000)(πππ22 βπππ), π’=(480,000)(β1 3)(3,840,000)(1 3) π’=((480,000)β1(3,840,000)1)1 3 , π’=(8)1 3, π’=2, The factor, π’, at which the salary of the staff is increasing=2 Let us give the following theorem without proof Theorem. Let the following equation be the system. βπ₯1π π‘1π π π=1 =π1, βπ₯1π π‘2π π π=1 =π2 ,π€βπππ πβπ + .
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 320 ISSN: 2220-184X . . βπ₯1π π‘ππ π π=1 =ππ . If the solution of the system of equations has only one solution, then π₯11 =βππ(ππππ1 βπππ) π π=1 , π₯12 =βππ(ππππ2 βπππ) π π=1 , . . . π₯1π =βππ(πππππ βπππ) . π π=1 4. CONCLUSION This study develops Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes, tri-indexes and πindexes simultaneous equations of two variables, three variables and π variables respectively. Elimination method, laws of indices, and cofactor and determinant of matrix were deployed in establishing, formulating and modeling the Kifilideenβs Rule to solve multiplication of bi-indexes and tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables respectively. The Kifilideenβs Rule was implemented in form of a model in solving problems involving multiplication of bi-indexes and tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables respectively. The general solution to solve multiplication of π-indexes simultaneous equations of π variables using Kifilideenβs rule was inaugurated. The Kifilideenβs Rule is in form of a model to solve multiplication of bi-indexes and tri-indexes simultaneous equations of two variables and three variables respectively which was found to be effective, straightforward, reliable, interesting, easy and initiative to understand for students and beginners. The general solution for π to this rule is transferred to the discussion. 5. CONFLICT OF INTEREST There is no conflict of interest.
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 321 ISSN: 2220-184X 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express heartfelt gratitude to Allah for His mercy, guidance, and the wisdom granted to complete this work. The author also acknowledges the opportunity to contribute this mathematical invention to the scientific community under the auspices of the Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science. 7. REFERENCE Baki, A. 1992. Al Khwarizmi's Contributions to the Science of Mathematics: Al Kitab Al Jabr Wa'l Muqabalah. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences, 5(3): 225-228, https://jag.journalagent.com/ias/pdfs/IAS_5_3_225_228.pdf Burton, D. M. 2011. The History of Mathematics: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 819p, https://jontalle.web.engr.illinois.edu/uploads/298/HistoryMath-Burton.85.pdf Carmine, B. 2021. Mathematics: Innovation and Progress. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Management Research, 6 (4): 12-23, https://www.ijaemr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2021/IJAEMR_458.pdf Fribera, J. 2008. A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts. Notices of the AMS, 55 (9): 1076-1086, https://www.ams.org/notices/200809/tx080901076p.pdf Grcar, J. F. 2011a. Mathematicians of Gaussian Elimination. Notices of the AMS, 58 (6):782-792, https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cis6100/Notices-06-11-Gausselim.pdf Grcar, J. F. 2011b. How Ordinary Elimination Became Gaussian Elimination. Historia Mathematica, 38: 163-218, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2010.06.003. Heeffer, A & Rothman, T. 2014. On Remembering Cardano Anew. The Mathematical Intelligencer, 1-15, http://doi.org/10.1007/s00283-014-9444-6 Kabar, M. G. D. 2023. A Thematic Review of Quadratic Equation Studies in the Field of Mathematics Education. Participatory Educational Research (PER), 10(4): 29-48, http://dx.doi.org/10.17275/per.23.58.10.4 Khushbu, K & Poonia, R. K. 2021. A Study of Solving System of Linear Equation using Different Methods and its Real-Life Applications. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 23 (7): 723-733, https://jusst.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/A-STUDY-OFSOLVING-SYSTEM-OF-LINEAR-EQUATION-USING-DIFFERENT-METHODS-AND-ITS-REALLIFE-APPLICATIONS.pdf
Kifilideen L. Osanyinpeju (MEJS) Volume 17(2):302-323, 2025 Β© CNCS, Mekelle University 322 ISSN: 2220-184X Liao, T.F., Bolano, D., Brzinsky-Fay, C., Cornwell, B., Fasang, A.E., Helske, S., Piccarreta, R., Raab, M., Ritschard, G., Struffolino, E & Studer, M. 2022. Sequence analysis: its past, present and future. Social Science Research, 107: 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearh.2022.102772. Neovius, S. 2013. RenΓ© Descartesβ Foundations of Analytic Geometry and Classification of Curves. U.U.D.M. Project Report Uppsala Universitet, Sweden, 30p, https://uu.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:631055/FULLTEXT01.pdf Oaks, J. A. 2021. Fermat and Descartes in Light of Premodern Algebra and Vi`ete. In: Sriraman B. (eds) Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Mathematical Practice. Springer, Cham, 134p, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03019071-2 8-1. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2020a. Development of Kifilideen Trinomial Theorem Using Matrix Approach. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 7 (7): 117135, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794742. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2020b. Utilization of Kifilideen Trinomial based on Matrix Approach in Computation of the Power of Base of Tri-Digits Number. International Conference on Electrical Engineering Applications (ICEEA 2020), Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. September 23-25, 2020, pp. 192 β 199, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794756. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2021. Inauguration of Negative Power of β of Kifilideen Trinomial Theorem using Standardized and Matrix Methods. Acta Electronica Malaysia (AEM), 5 (1): 17 β 23, http://doi.org/10.26480/aem.01.2021.17.23. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2022. Derivation of Formulas of the Components of Kifilideen Trinomial Expansion of Positive Power of N with Other Developments. Journal of Science, Technology, Mathematics and Education (JOSTMED), 18 (1): 1 β 21, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12596950. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2023. Generation of Kifilideenβs Generalized Matrix Progression Sequence of Infinite Term. Ethiopian Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, 10 (2): 74-99, https://doi.org/10.20372/ejssdastu:v10.i2.2023.710. Osanyinpeju, K. L. 2024a. Development of Kifilideenβs Elimination Matrix Model to Solve Simultaneous Equations of Four Variables (w, x, y, and z), Three Variables (x, y, and z), and Two Variables (x and y). Noumerico: Journal of Technology in Mathematics Education, 2(2): 127-155, https://doi.org/10.33367/jtme.v2i2.5352.
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