Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,

© 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Open Access Six New Tropical Sternaspid Species (Annelida, Sternaspidae) with Keys to Identify Genera and Species Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo Estructura y Función del Bentos, Depto. Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México (Received 17 August 2017; Accepted 2 October 2017; Published 31 October 2017; Communicated by Benny K.K. Chan) Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo (2017) The study of tropical specimens of Sternaspidae (Annelida) in five museum collections allowed the recognition of six undescribed species. The species newly described are Caulleryaspis villamari sp. nov. from Peru, Petersenaspis deani sp. nov. from Pacific Costa Rica, P. harrisae sp. nov. from South Africa, Sternaspis lindae sp. nov. from the Gulf of Panama, S. londognoi sp. nov. from the Southern Caribbean Sea, and S. sherlockae sp. nov. from the Red Sea. Updated keys to identify sternaspid genera, and to species in each genus are included. Key words: Shallow water, Sediments, Morphology, Taxonomy, Polychaetes. *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] BACKGROUND The study of sternaspid polychaetes has been encouraged thanks to a recent revision (Sendall and Salazar-Vallejo 2013) that modified the contents in the family. There are currently three genera, instead of a single one, and the standardized characteristics for shields, and other body structures led to the recognition of about 20 species, and more are being found and described, and some other studies dealing with ecology, morphology or feeding biology have been published. Salazar-Vallejo and Buzhinskaja (2013) described 6 abyssal species from the Pacific and provided a key to identify species in the three genera; three other species were described from Polar environments (Salazar-Vallejo 2014b), and an updated key to identify species of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 was also included. Four other contributions dealt with tropical and subtropical sternaspids. A Sternaspis species was described from the Philippine Islands (Salazar-Vallejo 2014a); two other Sternaspis species were described from China (Wu et al. 2015); four new species from the South China seas were described including one in Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013, and three others in Sternaspis (Wu and Xu 2017); and five species were recorded for Vietnam, including three new species of Sternaspis (Zhadan et al. 2017). Another recent contribution dealt with a new species from austral Chilean fjords (DíazDíaz and Rozbaczylo 2017) which included a map with all described species. A detailed morphometric study of the shields of three sternaspid species, together with analysis of distribution and depth data, was made by Méndez and Yáñez-Rivera (2015). Zhadan et al. (2017) clarified some problems in sternaspid morphology. The three more relevant external features are: First, the hooks present in the introvert are really neurochaetae; notochaetae are brittle and very small. Second, peg chaetae are made of a complex set of very abundant, closely packed delicate chaetae, embedded in a common sheat. Third, the anal peduncle is retractable, Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) doi:10.6620/ZS.2017.56-32 1 © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan and carries abundant long, delicate papillae. Yoshino et al. (2016) studied the life history pattern of S. costata von Marenzeller, 1879 in Japan. They found that the species lives one year, is semelparous and concentrates its reproduction in September. In this contribution, six new sternaspid species are described from tropical regions, mostly from shallow water. Updated keys to identify genera in the family, and to species in the three genera, are also included. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the following descriptions, the modifications proposed by Zhadan et al. (2017) have been made. Further, because there is no other shield along sternaspids body wall, they will be referred to as shields, because they are always placed over the ventral surface and in a posterior region. Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in the text: BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, England. LACM: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Allan Hancock Foundation Polychaete Collection, USA. MNHN: Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. UMML: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Museum of Marine Invertebrates. USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. RESULTS SYSTEMATICS Annelida Lamarck, 1809 Order Sternaspida Dales, 1962 Family Sternaspidae Carus, 1863 Key to genera of Sternaspidae Carus, 1863 (modif. after Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013) 1. Shield stiff ....................................................................... 2 - Shield soft, often covered by adhered sediment particles, rarely without sediment; ribs sometimes visible, concentric lines rare; introvert hooks tapered; anterior abdomen with 7 segments ....... Caulleryaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 2(1). Introvert hooks tapered; shield ornamentation includes ribs, concentric lines, or both; anterior abdomen with 7 segments ....................................... Sternaspis Otto, 1821 - Introvert hooks subdistally expanded, spatulate; shield with ribs, without concentric lines; abdomen with 8 segments ........................................................................... Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 Caulleryaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 Type species: Caulleryaspsis gudmundssoni Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013, by original designation. Caulleryaspis villamari sp. nov. (Fig. 1) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:38C77F7E-EAC6-477D-A4DF265F6B52CDB0 Sternaspis fossor: Villamar 1989:36, 40 (non Stimpson, 1853, partim). Sternaspis scutata: Villamar & Cruz 2007:151 (non Ranzani, 1817, partim). Type material: Eastern Tropical Pacific, Peru. Holotype (USNM 1437645), and 10 paratypes (USNM 1437646), R.V. Anton Bruun, Cruise 16, Sta. 635A (06°27'S, 80°56'W to 06°23'S, 80°55'W), off Isla Lobos de Tierra, 160 m, 5 Jun. 1966 (shield dirty orange in smaller specimens, becoming grayish; largest paratype with abdomen 17 mm long, 12 mm wide; smaller paratypes abdomen 3.5-5.0 mm long, 3-5 mm wide). Additional material: Eastern Tropical Pacific, Ecuador. 23 specimens (USNM 1437647), RV Anton Bruun, Cruise 18B, Sta. 777D (00°48'N, 80°37'W to 00°47'S, 80°37'W), 12 Sep. 1966, T.R. Menzies, coll. (small to very small specimens). Description: Holotype (USNM 1437645) complete, flaccid. Body grayish, with introvert exposed, shield grayish (Fig. 1A). Integument papillae mostly eroded; remaining ones short, filiform, with fine sediment particles. Body 32 mm long, 10 mm wide, abdomen 20 mm long, about 28 segments. Prostomium hemispherical, opaque, distorted after being depressed (Fig. 1B). Peristomium oval, with abundant papillae (mostly eroded), extended as a wide band over prostomium. Mouth oval, as large as prostomium, completely covered by papillae (most eroded). First three chaetigers with 16-18 falcate, thin introvert hooks per bundle, each with a narrow darker band subdistally, tips transparent, straight in smaller hooks, curved in larger ones. Genital papillae whitish, thick, corrugated, digitate protruding from intersegmental groove between page 2 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan segments 7 and 8. Pre-shield region with 7 segments; two capillary chaetae in segment 9, not visible in other segments (probably broken off). Shield grayish, soft, with a thick integument layer, without sediment particles (Fig. 1C). Ribs faintly defined, no concentric lines. Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression shallow; anterior keels not visible. Lateral margins projected medially, reduced posteriorly. Fan truncate, not extended beyond posterior corners; median notch shallow, lateral notches shallow, displaced laterally; posterior margin barely crenulated. Marginal chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones, chaetae in oval arrangement, and 8 posterior fascicles, chaetae in oblique series. Peg chaetae forming small, thick spines. Additional capillary chaetae broken, present in two fascicles on each side of peg chaetae. Branchiae and interbranchial filaments lost. Branchial plates parallel, anteriorly expanded, rounded (Fig. 1D), with up to 14 longitudinal series of branchial scars. Juveniles: Small paratypes with shields orange, soft (Fig. 1E), damaged. Smallest one with shield orange, with shallow anterior depression, anterior margins barely projected anteriorly, lateral margins straight, progressively thinner, posterior margin with shallow medial notch (Fig. 1F). Largest paratype with shield orange, anterior depression and posterior notch shallower than in smaller paratypes; lateral margins rounded, medially projected, posterior margin straight, barely crenulated (Fig. 1G). Etymology: This species is named after Dr. Francisco Villamar, in recognition of his many publications on polychaetes from Ecuador. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Remarks: Caulleryaspis villamari sp. nov. has a soft shield, not stiff or brittle as in Sternaspis Otto, 1821. Because the shield is deprived of Fig. 1. Caulleryaspis villamari sp. nov. (A) Holotype (USNM 1437645), ventral view. (B) Same, close-up of prostomium, mouth and first series of hooks. (C) Same, shield. (D) Same, branchial plate after removal of branchiae and interbranchial filaments. (E) Smaller specimens (USNM 1437646), ventral view. (F) Close-up of shield of smallest one. (G) Close-up of shield of largest one. Scale bars: A = 2.7 mm, B = 0.6 mm, C, D = 1.3 mm, E = 2.8 mm, F = 0.4 mm, G = 0.7 mm. (A) (B) (D) (F) (C) (E) (G) page 3 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan sediment particles, it resembles C. nana (Zhadan, Tzetlin and Salazar-Vallejo 2017) n. comb., from Vietnam. Their main differences are indicated in the key below and include the color and presence of ribs in the shield; in C. villamari shields are yellowish to pale brown, with distinct ribs, whereas in C. nana shields are red to brownish without ribs. The juveniles are included here but with some hesitation because they are from abyssal depths. They differ from the juveniles another regional species, Sternaspis maureri Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 because those herein regarded as related to C. villamari have orange shields with fans with small median notch, and poorly defined ribs, whereas in S. maureri shields are reddish with a distinct median notch, and ribs are better defined. Clarifying their affinities would need fresh material in order to assess their genetic attributes. Distribution: Off northern Peru, in 160 m depth. Key to species of Caulleryaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (modif. Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2013) 1. Shield with sediment particles firmly adhered; shield surface not visible ........................................................... 2 - Shield without firmly adhered sediment particles; shield surface visible ................................................................. 4 2(1). Shield with anterior depression deep; peg chaetae robust ......................................................................................... 3 - Shield with anterior depression shallow; peg chaetae indistinct ................. C. laevis (Caullery, 1944) (Indonesia) 3(2). Shield with anterior margins angular; peg chaetae forming thick, large spines .............................................................. C. gudmundssoni Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (North Atlantic, Iceland) - Shield with anterior margins rounded; peg chaetae forming thin, small spines .............................. C. fauchaldi Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2013 (Northeastern Pacific, Oregon to California) 4(1). Shield with lateral margins rounded, medially expanded, ribs barely visible ............................................................... C. nuda Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2013 (Northeastern Pacific, off Oregon) - Shield with lateral margins straight to barely curved ...... 5 5(4). Ribs indistinct, shield dark red to brownish ....................... C. nana (Zhadan, Tzetlin & Salazar-Vallejo, 2017) n. comb. (Vietnam) - Ribs distinct, shield yellowish to pale brown ...................... C. villamari sp. nov. (Eastern Pacific, Ecuador) Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 Type species: Sternaspis papillata Nonato, 1966, by original designation. Petersenaspis deani sp. nov. (Fig. 2) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:471AAF07-4730-4D27-9CF98849C0DEFA51 Sternaspis scutata: Vargas et al. 1985:337; Maurer et al. 1988:48; Dean 1996:75 (non Ranzani, 1817, partim). Type material: Eastern tropical Pacific, Costa Rica. Holotype (USNM 80322) and five paratypes (USNM 1437648), Golfo de Nicoya, Sta. 31-2 (09°44'00"N, 84°59'25"W), 22 m, 10 Jul. 1980, H.K. Dean, coll. (paratypes 6-10 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, abdomen 4.0-6.5 mm long; left shield plate 0.7-1.1 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm wide; 14-16 introvert hooks per bundle). Description: Holotype (USNM 80322) with body whitish, shield deep red (Fig. 2A); body papillae globose, scarce and small filamentous papillae throughout body. Larger, thin abundant papillae in dorsal surface of posterior end, surrounding the shield. Body 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, abdomen 4 mm long, about 30 segments. Prostomium hemispherical whitish, opaque, projected, with a transverse depression, as large as mouth (Fig. 2B). Peristomium rounded, with abundant papillae over the mouth, extended behind prostomium. Mouth circular, extends from base of prostomium to anterior edge of first chaetiger. First three chaetigers with 14-16 golden recurved, thin spatulate hooks, without subdistal dark areas. Genital papillae short, thick, blunt, protrude ventrally from body wall between segments 7 and 8. Pre-shield region with 8 segments, segments 9-13 with mostly single capillary chaetae. Shield deep red, papillose, with ribs faintly defined but no concentric lines, sediment particles easily removed from shield (Fig. 2C); suture extended throughout shield. Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression very shallow; anterior keels not exposed. Lateral margins rounded, expanded medially, reduced posteriorly. Fan truncate, barely projected beyond posterior shield corners, margin smooth, with shallow median notch. Marginal shield chaetal fascicles include 11 lateral ones, chaetae of each fascicle in oval arrangement, and 10 ill-defined posterior fascicles, each with 1-2 chaetae. Last lateral fascicle with longer chaetae. Peg chaetae or additional chaetae not present. Branchial filaments abundant, helicoid, not page 4 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan emerging from a branchial plate. Interbranchial papillae abundant, more or less straight, delicate, ½-⅓ as long as branchiae. Variation: Paratypes with shields reddish, similar to holotype in general outline; the paratype follows the general pattern bur its lateral margins tend to be more curved, and individual plates become wider than long (Fig. 2D). The same specimen has a poorly defined, longer than wide branchial plate with 3 series of oblique branchial scars (Fig. 2E). Etymology: This species name is after Dr. Harlan Dean, in recognition of his many useful publications about Central American polychaetes, and especially because he collected the specimens used for the description. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Remarks: Petersenaspis deani sp. nov. resembles P. capillata (Nonato, 1968) as redescribed elsewhere (Sendall and SalazarVallejo 2013), because both species have shields with anterior depression shallow, and fans with a median notch. They differ in the relative color and number of introvert hooks per series; in P. deani introvert hooks are golden and more abundant (1416), than in P. capillata where they are bronze and fewer (about 10). The fact that the type material of P. deani is generally smaller, has more introvert hooks than the corresponding one for P. capillata, and their discontinuous distribution, being one present in the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, whereas the other one thrives in Brazil, indicate they are different species. Distribution: Only known from the type locality, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, in sediments at 22 m depth. Petersenaspis harrisae sp. nov. (Fig. 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A157B737-7606-487E-98932B6E87B2F35F Type material: Southwestern Indian Ocean, South Africa. Holotype (LACM 5691) and two paratypes (LACM 5692), off Durban, International Indian Ocean Expedition, R.V. Anton Bruun, Cruise 7, Sta. 356B (29°11'S, 31°37'E), rock dredge, 15 m, 29 Jul. 1964 (paratypes 2.5-7.0 mm long, 1.5-4.0 mm wide; shield reddish in smaller one, purple in larger one, left shield plate 0.7-2.0 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide). Additional material: Southwestern Indian Ocean, Madagascar. Three specimens (LACM 5694), one with introvert partly exposed, shield Fig. 2. Petersenaspis deani sp. nov. (A) Holotype (USNM 1437648), ventral view. (B) Same, anterior end, frontal view. (C) Same, shield. (D) Largest paratype (USNM 1437648), shield. (E) Same, branchial plate after removal of branchial and interbranchial filaments. Scale bars: A = 1 mm, B, D, E = 0.4 mm, C = 0.3 mm. (A) (B) (D) (C) (E) page 5 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan dark reddish to purple, ribs visible but without concentric lines; off Tulear, International Indian Ocean Expedition, R.V. Anton Bruun, Cruise 7, Sta. 363S (23°18'S, 43°36'E), Campbell grab, 33 m, 4 Aug. 1964 (8.0-8.5 mm long, 4.5-5.0 mm wide; left shield plate 1.8-1.9 mm long, 1.32.0 mm wide). One specimen (LACM 5693), complete, distorted by compression, inner organs macerated, introvert and anal peduncle exposed, shield dark purple, right plate broken, without concentric lines; off Tulear, International Indian Ocean Expedition, R.V. Anton Bruun, Cruise 7, Sta. 363U (23°19'S, 43°35'E), Campbel grab, 128 m, 6 Aug. 1964 (16 mm long, 4 mm wide, abdomen 10 mm long, left shield plate 2 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; chaetiger 3 with 17 hooks per bundle). Four specimens (MNHN 860), near Tuléar, Sta. Unnumb. (23°32.2'S, 43°35.8'E), dredge, 300 m, 20 Feb. 1973, C. Jouannic, coll. Very damaged, rotten, shields detached, like if taken from a fish’s stomach contents. The shield is reddish with well-developed ribs, but no concentric lines; there is no deep notch close to the posterior corners. However, the introvert hooks are subdistally expanded and the specimens belong to an undescribed Petersenaspis species. It is interesting to note that shield surface papillae, which usually give it a velvety appearance, were removed, probably by erosion or by digestion, although there is no indication that it was taken from a fish stomach. Description: Holotype (LACM 5691) complete; Fig. 3. Petersenaspis harrisae sp. nov. (A) Holotype (LACM 5691), oblique lateral view. (B) Same, anterior end, frontal view. (C) Same, shield, slightly dislodged, frontal view. (D) Larger paratype (LACM 5692), frontal view. (E) Smaller paratype (LACM 5692), shield, frontal view. (F) Larger paratype, shield. (G) Same, branchial plate, left side without branchiae, papillae or sediment particles. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm, B, E = 0.25 mm, C, G = 0.5 mm, F = 0.7 mm. (A) (B) (C) (E) (F) (G) (D) page 6 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan introvert body wall slightly broken. Body whitish, integument granulose with small abundant papillae covering most of body (Fig. 3A). Introvert slightly darker; introvert spines bronze; shield purple; introvert with more sediment particles; posterior lateral chaetal bundles with chaetae longer than body length. Prostomium projected, blunt, conical (Fig. 3B). Peristomium rounded, equalized to the position of mouth, with papillae abundant in mouth area, not extended beyond it. Mouth circular, extended from base of prostomium to anterior edge of first chaetiger. First three chaetigers with 13-15 dark bronze, recurved spatulate hooks, without subdistal dark areas (Fig. 3B). Genital papillae not visible (small digitate in LACM 5694). Pre-shield region with 8 segments; lateral bundles of 2 capillary chaetae protruding from body wall along segments 9-12. Shield purple, finely papillose, with ribs faintly defined but no concentric lines (Fig. 3C), nor sediment particles; suture extended throughout shield. Anterior margins rounded, anterior depression deep; anterior keels not exposed. Lateral margins rounded, expanded medially, reduced posteriorly. Fan truncate, barely projected beyond posterior shield corners, margin smooth, with a median notch. Marginal shield chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones, chaetae in oval arrangement, and 10 posterior fascicles, chaetae in oval arrangement. First two posterior fascicles with very long, delicate chaetae; other fascicles with fewer, shorter chaetae. Peg chaetae not well-defined. Branchiae scarce, arranged in 1-2 series, emerging from a distinct depression (flat in other specimens); branchial area with a projected ridge, with abundant delicate interbranchial papillae, better preserved towards margin of shield (Fig. 3G). Variation: The intensity of pigmentation varies during ontogeny. Smaller paratype has a reddish shield (Fig. 3E), and chaetae paler, whereas the larger paratype has a darker shield (Fig. 3F), and additional specimens having their introvert partly exposed, show darker introvert hooks. Etymology: This species is being named after my good friend and teacher, Leslie Harris, collection manager of the Allan Hancock Foundation polychaete collection in LACM, as a modest means to acknowledge her long standing support for my research activities. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Remarks: Petersenaspis harrisae sp. nov. resembles P. palpallatoci Sendall & SalazarVallejo, 2013 from the Philippine Islands because both have shields with anterior margins projected forward. As indicated in the key below, they differ because in P. harrisae the fan has a median notch but no lateral notches, and ribs are barely defined, whereas in P. palpallatoci the fan has both, median and lateral notches, and ribs are well defined. In her analysis of the IIOE materials, Hartman (1974:199) recognized at least four different sternaspids but she did not include the current specimens. Distribution: Only known from two localities in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, between South Africa and Madagascar, in sediments at 15-128 m depths. Key to species of Petersenaspis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (modif. after Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013) 1. Shield orange or reddish ................................................ 2 - Shield bluish, anterior margin projected forward, radial ribs barely visible; introvert neurohooks blackish or dark brown ........ P. salazari Wu & Xu, 2017 (South China Sea) 2(1). Shield with anterior margin truncate, radial ribs barely visible; fan with median notch ......................................... 3 - Shield with anterior margin projected forward ................ 4 3(2). First three chaetigers with about 10 neurohooks per side (body 20 mm long) .................. P. capillata (Nonato, 1966) (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil) - First three chaetigers with about 14-16 neurohooks per side (body 7 mm long) ....................................................... P. deani sp. nov. (Eastern Pacific, Costa Rica) 4(2). Radial ribs well defined; fan with median and lateral notches .............................................................................. P. palpallatoci Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (Philippine Islands) - Radial ribs barely defined; fan with median notch, no lateral notches ................................................................... P. harrisae sp. nov. (Indian Ocean, South Africa) Sternaspis Otto, 1821 Type species: Sternaspis thalassemoides Otto, 1821, by monotypy. Sternaspis lindae sp. nov. (Fig. 4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A157B737-7606-487E-98932B6E87B2F35F Sternaspis fossor: Chamberlin 1919:405-406 (non Stimpson, 1853, partim). Type material: Eastern Tropical Pacific, Panama. Holotype (USNM 19478), and five paratypes (USNM 1437649), RV Albatross, Gulf page 7 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan of Panama, Sta. 3391 (07°33'40"N, 79°43'20"W), 275 m, green mud, 9 Mar. 1891 (paratypes one previously dissected, body 12.5-14.5 mm long, 9.210.5 mm wide, left shield plate 3.1-3.3 mm long, 3.0-3.6 mm wide). Additional material: Eastern Tropical Pacific. Panama. One specimen (UMML 22-1035), 18 km E off Isla Iguana, R.V. Pillsbury, Cruise 6703, Sta. 502 (07°40'N, 79°50.5'W to 07°40.3'N, 79°50.9'W), 79-77 m, 2 May 1967 (introvert partially exposed, body slightly macerated, 17 mm long, 7 mm wide, left shield plate 2.2 mm long, 2.4 mm wide). Three specimens (UMML 22-1038), R.V. Pillsbury, Cruise 6703, Sta. 512 (07°31'N, 79°42'W), 210 m, 4 May 1967 (introvert exposed in two specimens, invaginated in the other, shield with bands defined, brownish and dirty pink; body 18-25 mm long, 1011 mm wide, left shield plate 3.5-3.8 mm long, 3.5-3.8 mm wide). One specimen (UMML 221043), 3 km SSE Taboga Island, R.V. Pillsbury, Cruise 6703, Sta. 483 (08°40.5'N, 79°30.7'W to 08°39.3'N, 79°31.7'W), 22-27 m, 1 May 1967 (juvenile, macerated, anal tube and gonopodial lobes eroded; body 14 mm long, 6 mm wide, shield left plate 1.4 mm long, 1.6 mm wide). Colombia. One specimen (UMML 221045), Bahía Chupica, Chocó, R.V. Gillis, Sta. 9 (06°36.7'N, 77°27.4'W), mud and plant debris, 119-128 m, 16 Jan. 1972 (introvert invaginated, shield variegated, dirty orange and pale pink; body 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, left shield plate 2.6 mm long, 2.9 mm wide). Description: Holotype (USNM 19478) with body maculated, whitish with black spots of different size; introvert barely exposed, integument smooth (Fig. 4A); abdomen with fine, long papillae arranged in discontinuous single transverse series per segment. Body papillae minute, abundant, mostly short, larger in introvert. Body 12.5 mm long, 8.5 mm wide, about 28 segments. Prostomium, peristomium and mouth not visible. Additional specimens (UMML 22.1038) Fig. 4. Sternaspis lindae sp. nov. (A) Holotype (USNM 19478), ventral view. (B) Same, anterior end, frontal view. (C) Same, shield. (D) Same, branchial plate. (E-H) Paratypes (USNM 1437649), shields, E, F: Shields slightly cleaned by brushing off foreign particles and shield papillae, G: Another paratype, shield with left half cleaned, H: Same shield, after cleaning the right half. Scale bars: A = 1.8 mm, B = 1.2 mm, C-E = 1.3 mm, F = 1.1 mm, G, H = 1.5 mm. (A) (B) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (D) page 8 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan with prostomium hemispherical, opalescent. Peristomium rounded, projected at the mouth, with papillae covering its surface; lateral mouth areas smooth; surface behind prostomium smooth. Mouth circular, with minute papillae not extended up to first hook series. Introvert exposing chaetae of chaetiger 3 and chaetae of chaetiger 2. Chaetiger 3 with 12 large, falcate thick hooks, distally broken (Fig. 4B) (entire, tapered, up to 20 in UMML 22.1038); hooks from chaetiger 2 with subdistal to medial darker areas. Genital papillae short, thick, tapered (digitate or basally swollen in UMML 22.1038), protrude ventrally from intersegmental groove between segments 7 and 8. Pre-shield region with 7 segments; capillary chaetae not seen, probably broken. Shield reddish, paler towards the lateral and posterior margins, with ribs and concentric lines; suture visible throughout ¾ of shield, indistinct in the posterior region (Fig. 4C). Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression deep; anterior keels partly visible, not completely exposed. Lateral margins projected laterally, reduced posteriorly. Fan truncate, slightly projected beyond the poorly defined posterior corners, barely crenulated; median notch very shallow. Marginal chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones, chaetae ovally arranged, and seven posterior ones, chaetae in a slightly curved arrangement. First two lateral fascicles emerge from dorsal edge of shield. Peg chaetae and additional thin capillaries present. Branchiae and interbranchial filaments lost (one paratype with thin helicoid branchiae and thinner, straight interbranchial filaments). Branchial plate anteriorly expanded, truncate (rounded in one paratype), with about 16 rows of branchiae in its widest region (Fig. 4D). Variation: Shields bands are more or less defined. Anterior corners are angular to blunt, anterior keels are visible in three out of five shields. Fans are medially notched, the posterior margin is slightly crenulate to denticulate, and the posterolateral corners are slightly projected, if at all. One juvenile (UMML 22-1043) shows a shield with posterior fan margin denticulate. Etymology: This species is after Linda Ward, good friend and colleague, because she has been very helpful and supportive of my research activities during many years. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case. Remarks: Sternaspis lindae sp. nov. resembles S. rietschi (Caullery, 1944) as redescribed elsewhere (Sendall and SalazarVallejo 2013) because both species have shields with truncate fans and poorly defined posterior corners. They differ because in S. lindae the fan is smooth to barely crenulated, and the lateral margins are moderately projected laterally, whereas in S. rietschi the fan is crenulated and the lateral margins are markedly projected laterally. Further, S. lindae was found in 275 m depth in the Gulf of Panama, and S. riestschi was dredged in 1788 m depth in Indonesia. The specimens herein described were identified and recorded as Sternaspis fossor Stimpson, 1853 but in this species the fan is more projected posteriorly and concentric lines form distinct bands. Chamberlin (1919) indicated 10 specimens, but only 6 are available. On the other hand, the spotted pigmentation is apparently derived after some foreign component like ink or rubber seals stain, because it can be removed by brushing the body surface and cannot be regarded as diagnostic. The mottled pattern, if the stain has some affinity for glandular cells, would reveal their distribution including over the integument layer covering the shield. The additional specimens were not stained. Distribution: Gulf of Panama, to NW Colombia, in muddy bottoms, 119-275 m water depth. Sternaspis londognoi sp. nov. (Fig. 5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9106E216-981A-4B96-A3A31EF1A2E9EC28 Sternaspis scutata: Gilbert 1984:45.3-45.4, Figs 45.1, 45.2 (non Ranzani, 1817). Type material: Southwestern Caribbean, Panama. Holotype (LACM 5704) and paratype (LACM 5705), Caledonia Bay, R.V. Velero, Sta. 2, 3 Apr. 1939, intertidal, O. Hartman, coll. (paratype 16 mm long, 10 mm wide, abdomen 11 mm long; shield left plate 2.5 mm long, 3.6 mm wide). Two paratypes (LACM 5706), Caledonia Bay, R.V. Velero, Sta. 52, 25 Apr. 1939, 9 m, O. Hartman, coll. (15-17 mm long, 8 mm wide, abdomen 9-12 mm long; shield left plate 2.5-2.6 mm long, 3.0-3.3 mm wide). Additional material: Gulf of Mexico, Texas. Eight specimens (USNM 43198), juveniles, off Galveston, Cruise PI-3, Sta. 12 (28°30'N, 94°37'W), 36 m, 4 Feb. 1966, C.J. Guice, coll. (3.0-5.5 mm long, 1.5-3.0 mm wide, abdomen 2.03.8 mm long, shield left plate 0.5-0.9 mm long, 0.5page 9 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017) © 2017 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Villamar F. 1989. Estudio de los poliquetos bentónicos en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Exterior (Canal del Morro y Jambelí). Acta Oceanogr Pac INOCAR, Ecuador 5:34-40. Villamar F, Cruz M. 2007. Poliquetos y moluscos macrobentónicos de la zona intermareal y submareal en la provincia del Guayas (Monteverde, Ecuador). Acta Oceanogr Pac 14:147-153. von Marenzeller E. 1879. Sudjapanische Anneliden. (Amphinomea, Aphroditea, Lycoridea, Phyllodocea, Hesionea, Syllidea, Eunicea, Glycerea, Sternaspidea, Chaetopterea, Cirratulea, Amphictenea). Denkschr Math Naturwiss Classe K Akad Wiss 41:109-154, Pls. 1-6. Wu X, Salazar-Vallejo SI, Xu K. 2015. Two new species of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta: Sternaspidae) from China seas. Zootaxa 4052:373-382. doi:http://dx.doi. org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.3.7. Wu X, Xu K. 2017. Diversity of Sternaspidae (Annelida: Terebellida) in the South China Sea, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 4244:403-415. doi:10.11646/ zootaxa.4244.3.8. Yoshino K, Nagayoshi M, Sato M, Katano T, Ito Y, Fujii N, Hamada T, Hayami Y. 2016. Life history of Sternaspis costata (Sternaspidae: Polychaeta) in Ariake Bay, Japan. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 96:647-655. doi:10.1017/ S0025315415000880. Zhadan AE, Tzetlin AB, Salazar-Vallejo SI. 2017. Sternaspidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from Vietnam with description of three new species and clarification of some morphological features. Zootaxa 4226:75-92. doi:10.11646/ zootaxa.4226.1.3. page 16 of 16Zoological Studies 56: 32 (2017)