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१८ व्या शतकात भारतीय एकतेच्या विकासात भक्ती पंथाचे योगदान

वांढरे, सखाराम मारुती

Abstract

१८व्या शतकात भारतातील सामाजिक, धार्मिक व राजकीय परिस्थिती मोठ्या प्रमाणात बदलत होती. या काळात भक्ती पंथाने भारतीय एकतेच्या विकासात महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका बजावली. भक्ती चळवळीने जातिभेद, अस्पृश्यता, धार्मिक कट्टरता व सामाजिक विषमता यांचा विरोध करून समता, बंधुभाव व मानवतेचा संदेश दिला. संत तुकाराम, ज्ञानेश्वर, नामदेव, एकनाथ, रामदास, कबीर, गुरु नानक, मीराबाई यांसारख्या संतांनी लोकभाषेतून भक्ती, प्रेम व सामाजिक सुधारणा यांचा प्रसार केला. त्यांच्या अभंग, दोहे, कीर्तन व भजनांमुळे सामान्य जनतेमध्ये आत्मजागृती निर्माण झाली आणि सामाजिक ऐक्य बळकट झाले. भक्ती पंथाने धार्मिक सहिष्णुता, सांस्कृतिक समन्वय व राष्ट्रीय एकात्मतेचा पाया घालून दिला. तसेच पुढील काळातील समाजसुधारणा व स्वातंत्र्य चळवळींना वैचारिक व नैतिक अधिष्ठान प्राप्त झाले. त्यामुळे अठराव्या शतकातील भारतीय एकतेच्या प्रक्रियेत भक्ती पंथाचे योगदान अत्यंत महत्त्वाचे व दूरगामी स्वरूपाचे ठरते.

Full text

Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(VII)| September2025 42  󰱿   󰫳  󰱇󰲒   .  󰰈    󰭈, ...󰰘 󰱳 󰲆 . 󰲆 .  Email: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-170911 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 9(VII) Pp. 42-46 September 2025 Submitted: 12 Aug. 2025 Revised: 25 Aug. 2025 Accepted: 14 Sept.2025 Published: 30 Sept. 2025  (Abstract): 󰱿   , 󰲗󰫦  󰲒 󰲐󰬎 󰱚 󰭈  .   󰱇󰲒   󰫳  󰰍󰫦  . 󰱇󰲒  , 󰬎󰬌, 󰲗󰫦 󰱖      󰰉 ,     󰲑.  , 󰫥󰲂, , , , , 󰰈 ,  󰫯   󰱇󰲒, 󰭈     󰭈 . 󰫽󰫳 , , 󰲒󰫦   󰬁 󰬀 󰫽 󰫦    󰫮  . 󰱇󰲒  󰲗󰫦 󰬍, 󰬎 󰬁  󰲇 󰫽   󰲑.      󰬎󰮇 󰰎 󰲐   󰲈 󰭈󰱺 . 󰫽 󰱿   󰫳 󰭈󰲑󰬴 󰱇󰲒   󰫽 󰰍   󰬎󰰉 . 󰫯󰬄 (Keywords): 󰱇󰲒 ,  , 󰲗󰫦 󰬍,  ,  , ,  , 󰬎 󰫽, ,  . 󰭈󰬎   󰱿    󰲗󰫦 󰲐󰬎 󰱚 󰭈  .   󰱇󰲒  󰫳 󰫽 󰰍󰫦  . 󰱇   󰬀    󰲗󰫦   󰭈  .   , 󰫦   󰬁  󰫼   󰲑.  , , , , 󰰉   󰬁 -  󰭈, 󰱇󰲒    󰲑.󰱇󰲒  󰲗󰫦 󰰈󰫽     , 󰬎󰬌   󰲆 󰫼 󰭈󰱡 . 󰫳 ,   󰲒󰫦󰱨 󰬁  󰭃    󰲗󰫦 󰬍 󰫦 󰫦 󰫼 . 󰫽󰫳 󰰎 󰬀  󰫦    󰫮  .   󰰍: . 󰲗󰫦 󰬍    – 󰱇󰲒  , 󰫦     󰫼 󰭈󰱡 .  󰫳    󰫽 󰫦 . Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: .  󰰈 ,   󰭈, ...󰰘 󰱳 󰲆, . 󰲆 .  How to cite this article: , .  . 󰰈 . (2025).  󰱿   󰫳  󰱇󰲒  . Journal of Research & Development, 17(9(VII)), 42–46. Original Article Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(VII)| September2025 43 . 󰲇 󰫽  –  󰱿  󰬶󰫳 󰭈    󰲒  󰰉 . 󰱇󰲒  󰭃   󰫽   . .  󰭈  󰭈 –  󰬎 , 󰲓, , 󰱷 󰫯 󰬎 󰬀 󰲒󰫦, ,    . 󰫽  󰭈  󰬎   󰫽  . . 󰫳   –  , , , , 󰰈  󰫯  , 󰬎󰬌  󰫦󰱿󰬎󰫳   .   󰫦 󰬎  󰭃 . . 󰲒   󰰎 󰭈 – 󰱇󰲒 󰫳  󰫳  󰬎󰮇󰱠     .   󰫽    󰲇 󰫽 󰫽 . . 󰬎   - – 󰱇󰲒 󰭈 , 󰫽, 󰫽  󰭃󰫳 󰬀  󰬎 󰱿󰱇󰲒 .  󰭈  󰭃  󰬎 󰭈 . . 󰬁 󰬀 󰫽 – 󰱇󰲒  󰲗󰫦     󰫦 .    󰫽 󰫦    󰫳 󰰎  . 󰱇󰲒    : . 󰱇󰲒   󰱇󰲒   󰭈  󰲗󰫦   󰲐󰬎  . 󰲑 󰫦 󰫦󰭈,      󰬁   󰫦  .  󰲂󰫦 󰱇󰲒 󰭈  . 󰲑  󰱇󰲒 󰬉 – 󰫰  󰱇󰬀 󰱇󰲒 󰫽 󰭈 󰬎󰰉 .    󰱇󰲒 󰬉 – 󰱥 󰱇󰲒 󰫥  󰫦 󰰍 󰬎 󰫼  .     – 󰱿 󰫳   (󰬍)   ()  󰱇󰲒󰫦 󰭈 .   󰭈 – 󰱿-󰱿  󰫦,   󰬀󰫦  󰱇󰲒 󰫽󰫥 󰱿󰫯 . . 󰱇󰲒   󰱇󰲒   󰭈󰫯  󰭈 󰬂󰬂 : () 󰫤  󰱇󰲒  (󰱿 – 󰱿 )  (󰬍)   ()  󰱇 󰫽󰫥 󰭈 .󰫽 󰬎 󰬎 󰬀  , 󰫵 󰬁 󰰩 󰱇󰲒 󰬉 󰬉.󰫦 (󰱨 󰬁),  (󰲆󰱨)  󰬀󰫦 (󰱨)   󰫽󰫥 . () 󰰌  󰱇󰲒  (󰱿 – 󰱿 ) 󰬎 󰭈 󰲓-󰬎 󰬎󰰎󰫳 󰭑 󰱇󰲒    .  , 󰫦,  󰫦󰬈   . 󰭈  – 󰫥󰲂 (󰱿 ) – 󰫽  '󰫦' (󰫥󰲂) . (󰱿 ) – 󰫽 󰲓  󰬎 󰬀  󰫦 . (󰱿 ) –     󰫦 󰱇󰲒 󰭈 󰭈 .󰰉  (󰱿 ) –  󰫦󰫳 󰱇󰲒 󰰍󰫥 󰬎 ., ,  (-󰱿 ) – 󰫽 󰬍   󰱇󰲒 󰭈 ., ,  (󰲇 ) – 󰫽    󰱇󰲒 󰭈 󰭈 . . 󰱇󰲒  󰭈 󰲗󰫦     󰭈.󰬎    󰲗󰫦 󰫽󰲗󰫦.󰲓-󰬎 󰫮  󰫦 .  󰫦󰰈󰱮  .󰱇󰲒    󰰍   󰲐  . 󰫽   󰲗󰫦,   󰬎 󰲐󰫦  . Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(VII)| September2025 44 .   (󰱿-󰱿 ) 󰱇󰲒 󰫦 󰭈 󰰉   󰲆 󰫼 󰭈󰱡 .󰫽󰫳      󰲑. 󰭈󰫳 󰬎󰬀 󰰍󰫦  . .  󰫥󰲂 (-) 󰫽 󰫥󰲂 󰬶 󰰁 󰬎 󰱥  󰲑 , 󰰉 󰫦󰬁  󰫦󰬶 .󰫽 󰬀󰫽    󰲑. .   (󰱿-󰱿 ) 󰫽  , 󰫦  󰭑󰱮   .󰫽󰫳  󰲂󰱇󰲒,   󰭈  󰰍 . .   (-) 󰫽    󰬎󰬌  .󰫽 󰫦  󰰁 󰬁 󰫦  󰲑. .   (-) 󰫽  , 󰲐   󰱇󰲒  󰲑."󰫦 󰫦 "  󰰍 󰭈 . .   (󰱿 ) 󰫽 󰲓  󰬎 󰫦 󰫦,     .󰫽󰫳 󰲎 󰭈, 󰱇󰲒     󰲑. .   (󰱿-󰱿 ) 󰲌 󰱇󰫦 󰬎 󰲑   󰲌󰫳   󰫦 .󰫼 󰬁 󰰌 󰬎󰰉   󰫦 . . 󰰈  (-)  󰫦 󰬎, 󰫽 󰱿󰬎    " "  󰰍󰫥 󰭈 .󰫽  󰭈 ( ) 󰰉 󰰉  󰫦 . .   (󰱿 ) 󰬎󰬌      󰭈 .󰫽 "    󰰗 "   󰫳 󰬎󰫳 󰰍 󰲑. .   (󰱿 ) 󰫽 󰬎󰬌   󰭈󰬀 󰰍 󰬎 .󰫽   󰲆 󰫼  󰲑.  󰲗󰫦 󰬍 󰭈  , 󰬎   󰭈󰲑󰬴󰫳 󰬀  .   󰲗󰫦 󰬍 󰭈: 1. 󰭈  󰬍: ,   󰱮- 󰬶󰬀 󰬍  .󰭌  󰱮 󰫦 󰬎 󰰉 󰫦 󰰩󰭈   󰫼  .󰱺 󰲓, 󰱮,  󰭈 󰭃  . 2. 󰬀  󰬍: 󰱇󰲒  󰲒 :  , 󰰈 , , ,   󰲗󰫦  󰰉   󰲑. -- 󰫦:  󰰩󰫳 󰰎   󰬍 󰭈 . 󰭌󰫵  󰬍: 󰭃   󰫦 󰰩 󰬁 󰲑. 3. 󰭊󰲐   󰬍:  :   , 󰬎 , 󰫽   󰫦 󰰩   󰲑.󰬎󰮇󰱠 : 󰫦 󰰏  󰭃  󰫳 󰬎󰮇 . 4.    󰲗󰫦 󰬍:   󰫦 󰲐 󰲗󰫦 󰬎󰮇  󰲑 .󰫦󰫤󰫳 󰫽  󰭈  . , 󰫽  󰲗󰫦 󰬀  󰬉 󰬍 . 5.  󰬴  󰬍 󰬎: 󰫤   󰰉󰫳 󰬀 󰲗󰫦 󰬍 󰭈  . 󰬎 󰬎    󰲗󰫦  󰫦 .   󰭈  󰲗󰫦 󰬍󰫳 󰫦   Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(VII)| September2025 45 .  󰫦, 󰭈  󰬎  󰭃  󰫼     . 󰲗󰫦 󰬍 󰲐 󰫼 󰬉 󰬎 ,    󰫼  . 󰲒 󰲐󰬎  󰱇󰲒  : . 󰱿  󰲒 󰲐󰬎  󰭌󰫵󰫳    󰭈 󰰌  󰬉., , , ,  󰫽 󰭈 󰬎󰰌 󰰌 󰬎 󰬉.󰭊󰲐 󰬎   󰭈  .  󰲒 󰬎 󰬀   . . 󰱇󰲒    : 󰱇󰲒 󰫳  -󰫳       󰲑.󰫦󰫤:  󰫦󰫳  󰬬 󰬁󰰈󰱮    󰫦󰫦  󰲑. 󰲒 :  󰬁    󰫳 󰫽  . : 󰫽 󰬉 , 󰲒󰫦, 󰫳 󰬀 󰬁 󰬀 󰫽 󰫦 .   󰭈  󰭈:   󰫽󰲗󰫦 󰰉    . . 󰫯 󰱇󰲒   󰫽 󰫦  󰫥󰲂: 󰱥 ‘󰫥󰲂’ 󰬶 󰰁 󰱇󰲒 󰭈.  : 󰲗󰫦 󰬍  󰰩 .  :      󰭈.  : 󰫳 󰬀 󰱇󰲒     󰭈.  : 󰲒     󰭈. 󰱇󰲒   󰲗󰫦     󰲒 󰬎  󰭈 . 󰫽󰫳 󰰎       󰬎󰮇   󰭈 . 󰱇󰲒 󰫽 󰫦  󰬎󰰉 󰱇󰲒 󰫽 󰬆 󰲗󰫦   󰭑󰱮 󰲐 󰱿  󰬶,    󰬉  .   , 󰫥󰲂, , , , 󰰈, ,  󰫯 -  . 󰱇󰲒 󰫽   󰬎 󰫽: 󰱇󰲒 󰫽 󰬎, 󰲓, , , , ,   󰬎 󰬀  . 󰫽    󰫽󰫥 󰫼 󰫦 . , , ,   󰱿󰬎  󰰉  󰭈 . 󰫽    󰫦 .󰱇󰲒 󰫽 󰲓  󰬎  󰬎 󰬁 . , ,  󰫯 󰰎 󰲓-󰬎 󰫮  󰲑. 󰲌 󰲗󰫦    󰬎 ,  ,   󰫦 . 󰲐, , ,  󰫯 󰱇󰲒 󰫽  󰬎󰫳 󰬉    󰫽  󰲑 󰲑.󰱇󰲒 󰫽  󰲌 , 󰲒󰫦, , 󰫽   .󰱇󰲒 󰫽   󰲗󰫦 󰬶 󰬋,  󰫽  󰬎  󰫽, , 󰬍  󰭈   󰲑. 󰫽  󰬎        󰬉  . 󰱇󰲒  󰲗󰫦   : 󰱇󰲒   󰫦, 󰱷󰭃  󰭃   󰫼 󰭈󰰌 . 󰲑,   󰫦󰫳  󰱇󰲒   . 󰰏󰬉, 󰰌󰭃,  󰱳   󰫤󰭃 󰱇󰲒 󰫳 󰭈 󰲗󰫦  . 󰫦󰭃  󰲗󰫦   󰬎  󰲇 󰱿  . 󰭑 󰬁 󰫼  󰲑, 󰫽 󰬶 󰫦󰱿󰬎  .   󰭈   󰬎󰬌󰫳   .,  󰫯  󰫳 󰱆 󰬎 .  󰰌, 󰭈    󰭈 .󰲓-󰬎 󰫮 󰭈󰫽  󰲗󰫦 󰬍  󰲑.   󰲒󰫦,   Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9(VII)| September2025 46 󰫳 󰬀 󰫤 󰭈 .󰱇󰲒  󰲗󰫦 󰬎󰫦,    󰬎 󰱮   󰫳 󰰩  󰰍󰫦  . 󰱇󰲒     󰭈: 󰱇󰲒   󰬀   󰰍 󰲗󰫦    .  󰭈  󰫳 , 󰬎, 󰲒  󰲗󰫦 󰫤󰭃 󰬎󰲆 󰲑 .󰱇󰲒  -    .  , ,   󰲂 󰫯    󰫽  󰲑,      󰭈 .    󰫯  󰫳 󰱆  , 󰫵 󰭈   󰲌 󰰎 .󰲓-󰬎 󰫮  󰲗󰫦 󰬍   .  󰫳 󰫦󰫤󰫳 󰬉 󰱇󰲒 󰫳   󰭈 . 󰱇󰲒  󰫦, 󰭑󰱮  󰲗󰫦󰫳 󰰉󰰎 󰬋 󰲑, 󰫵 󰫳 󰫳 󰰎 󰭈 .󰬎󰮇  󰭈: 󰫽 󰰎󰫳 󰲓  󰫦󰫦󰫳 󰰍󰫥 󰱇󰲒 󰫳  󰭈 . 󰰎 ,    󰫳 󰰎 󰬎.  󰭈:  , .     󰲌  󰫯  󰱇󰲒 󰫳 󰰎 󰭈 .󰫽  : 󰱇󰲒  ,      󰫽,   󰫽󰬎 󰰍 󰬎  .󰬎  :  󰭈, -󰲒󰫦  󰲗󰫦 󰭃 󰫯  󰱇󰲒   . 󰱇󰲒     󰲐󰫦 . , 󰬁, 󰲗󰫦 󰬍     󰭈      󰫳  󰫤󰭃 󰭈  . 󰬍󰫦: 󰱿     , 󰲗󰫦  󰲒 󰬋   .󰱇󰲒 󰫳  , 󰬎󰬌  󰲗󰫦 󰱖󰫳   . 󰫽 "󰫦󰫦"  " 󰫦"  󰰍 󰭈 󰰉   󰫽  󰰈.󰱇󰲒  󰬎 󰬀 󰫽󰲗󰫦 󰰉 󰬁󰰩 󰬀󰫽    󰬉.    󰭈 󰬀 󰲗󰫦    , 󰫵 󰬎 󰫮  .󰲓-󰬎 󰫮 󰱇󰲒  󰲒 󰭈   . , 󰰈 ,   󰫯  󰫦󰫦   󰲑   󰫽  󰲑. 󰱇󰲒   , 󰲌  󰫦  󰲗󰫦   󰬎󰮇  󰲑.  ,  ,  ,          󰰈󰫼 󰫦 . 󰭌󰫵,     󰬎 󰰌 󰱇󰲒  󰬎 . 󰲗󰫦- 󰫽  󰭃 , 󰫵 󰫳   .󰱇󰲒  󰱿   󰫽󰫳 󰭈󰲑󰬴   󰲑.  , 󰲗󰫦 󰬍  󰬎 󰫮󰫳 󰬀 󰱇󰲒     󰲑. 󰫽 󰲗󰫦   󰰉 󰫦  󰬎  󰲑. 󰫽   󰲗󰫦,    󰬎 󰫽   ,   󰬎󰮇󰱠 󰰍󰫦 . 󰫦 󰬶  - 1) ‘Indian Unity and Bhakti Tradition’ – R. C. Majumdar 2) ‘Cultural Unity of India’ – Humayun Kabir 3) ‘History of Indian Nationalism’ – R. C. Majumdar 4) ‘Bhakti Movement and Social Reform’ – J. N. Farquhar 5) ‘Maharashtra Bhakti Sahitya’ – R. G. Bhandarkar 6) ‘󰱇󰲒  󰲇 󰭈’ – . .  7) ‘󰫥󰲂   󰬎’ – . . 󰭓󰱮 8) www.wikipediya.com