Hydrographic Observations At the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Site (WHOTS): 2023 - 2024, Data Report #19

The University of Hawai‘i at M ¯ anoa Hydrographic Observations At the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Site: 2023 - 2024 by Fernando Carvalho Pacheco1, Fernando Santiago-Mandujano1, James Potemra1, Albert Plueddemann2, Robert Weller2, Daniel Fitzgerald1, and Nan Galbraith2 Wednesday 17th December, 2025 Data Report - 19 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. The University of Hawai‘i at M¯anoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 SOEST Publication no. 12056 1The University of Hawaii at Manoa 2Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Hydrographic Observations At the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Site: 2023 - 2024 by Fernando Carvalho Pacheco1, Fernando Santiago-Mandujano1, James Potemra1, Albert Plueddemann2, Robert Weller2, Daniel Fitzgerald1, and Nan Galbraith2 The University of Hawai‘i at M¯anoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology 1000 Pope Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 U.S.A Wednesday 17th December, 2025 Data Report - 19 Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. This report should be cited as Carvalho Pacheco, F., Santiago-Mandujano, F., Potemra, J. T., Plueddemann, A. J., Weller, R. A., Fitzgerald, D., & Galbraith, N. R. (5-20). Hydrographic Observations at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-Series Site: 2023 - 2024, Data Report 19, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i at M¯anoa, Honolulu, HI. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17957338 URL: http://whots19-data-report.readthedocs.io/. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Acknowledgments Many people participated in the WHOTS mooring deployment/recovery cruises. They are listed in Table 1 and and Table 4. We gratefully acknowledge their contributions and support. Thanks are due to all the personnel of the Upper Ocean Processes Group (UOP) at WHOI who prepared the WHOTS buoy’s instrumentation and mooring; to Kelsey Maloney, Tully Rohrer, Noah Howins, Ryan Tabata, and James Harris, for their technical assistance with the moored and shipboard instrumentation; We gratefully acknowledge the support from the colleagues at Sea-Bird to maintain the quality of the CTD data. We would also like to thank the captains and crew of the Ship Oscar Sette, and the University of Hawai‘i Marine Center staff for their efforts. This publication is based upon observations from the WHOI-Hawaii Ocean Time-series Site (WHOTS) mooring, which is supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) Program through the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) under Cooperative Agreement NA14OAR4320158. NOAA CPO FundRef number 100007298 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0327513,OCE-0752606,OCE-0926766,OCE-1260164, OCE-1756517, and OCE-2241005 to the University of Hawaii for the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. This is SOEST contribution number 12056 I Table of contents Table of contents i List of figures iii List of tables vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Description of the WHOTS-19 Mooring Cruises 4 2.1 WHOTS-19 Cruise: WHOTS-19 Mooring Deployment ......................... 4 2.2 WHOTS-20 Cruise: WHOTS-19 Mooring Recovery ........................... 5 3 Description of WHOTS-19 Mooring 8 3.1 Surface Components ............................................ 8 3.2 Subsurface Instrumentation ........................................ 9 4 WHOTS (19-20) Cruise Shipboard Observations 14 4.1 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) Profiling ........................ 14 4.1.1 Data Acquisition and Processing ................................. 15 4.1.2 CTD Sensor Calibration and Corrections ............................ 15 4.1.2.1 Pressure ......................................... 15 4.1.2.2 Temperature/Conductivity ............................... 15 4.1.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen .................................... 15 4.2 Water Sampling and Analysis ....................................... 16 4.2.1 Salinity ............................................... 16 4.3 Thermosalinograph Data Acquisition and Processing .......................... 16 4.3.1 WHOTS-19 Cruise ......................................... 16 4.3.1.1 Temperature Calibration ................................ 17 4.3.1.2 Nominal Conductivity Calibration ........................... 17 4.3.1.3 Data Processing ..................................... 17 4.3.1.4 Bottle salinity and CTD Salinity Comparisons .................... 17 4.3.1.5 CTD Temperature Comparisons ............................ 18 4.3.2 WHOTS-20 Cruise ......................................... 18 4.3.2.1 Temperature Calibration ................................ 18 4.3.2.2 Nominal Conductivity Calibration ........................... 18 4.3.2.3 Data Processing ..................................... 18 4.3.2.4 Bottle salinity and CTD Salinity Comparisons .................... 19 4.3.2.5 CTD Temperature Comparisons ............................ 19 4.4 Shipboard ADCP .............................................. 19 4.4.1 WHOTS-19 Deployment Cruise .................................. 19 4.4.2 WHOTS-20 Deployment Cruise .................................. 20 5 Moored Instrument Observations 21 5.1 MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures ................................. 21 5.1.1 Internal Clock Check and Missing Samples ........................... 22 5.1.2 Pressure Drift Correction and Pressure Variability ....................... 22 i 5.1.3 Temperature Sensor Stability ................................... 22 5.1.3.1 Comparisons with VMCM and ADCP temperature sensors ............. 25 5.1.4 Conductivity Calibration ..................................... 25 5.2 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler .................................... 30 5.2.1 Compass Calibrations ....................................... 30 5.2.1.1 Pre-Deployment ..................................... 30 5.2.1.2 Post-Deployment ..................................... 39 5.2.2 ADCP Configurations ....................................... 39 5.2.2.1 300 kHz (SN/7367 - 125m) ............................... 42 5.2.2.2 600 kHz (SN/1391747.5m) .............................. 42 5.2.3 ADCP data processing procedures ................................ 42 5.2.3.1 ADCP Clock Drift .................................... 42 5.2.3.2 Heading Bias ....................................... 45 5.2.3.3 Quality Control ..................................... 45 5.3 Vector Measuring Current Meter (VMCM) ............................... 49 5.4 Global Positioning System Receiver .................................... 49 6 Results 54 6.1 CTD Profiling Data ............................................ 56 6.2 Thermosalinograph Data .......................................... 56 6.3 MicroCAT Data .............................................. 56 6.4 Moored ADCP Data ............................................ 56 6.4.1 Long-term variability ........................................ 56 6.4.2 WHOTS-19 deployment ...................................... 85 6.4.3 Shipboard–mooring intercomparison ............................... 85 6.5 Next Generation Vector Measuring Current Meter Data (VMCM) .................. 89 6.6 GPS Data .................................................. 89 6.7 Mooring Motion .............................................. 97 7 Appendix: Instrument Configurations and Specifications 98 7.1 WHOTS-19 300 kHz - Serial 7367 ..................................... 98 7.2 WHOTS-19 600 kHz - Serial 13917 .................................... 99 7.3 WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers ..................................... 101 References 152 List of figures 1.1 WHOTS-19 mooring design ........................................ 2 5.1 Linearly corrected pressures from MicroCATs between 7 and 155 m during WHOTS-19 deployment. The horizontal dashed line is the sensor’s nominal pressure, based on deployed depth. The text on the left (right) side of the figure indicates the mean (standard deviation) of the difference between each instrument’s pressure and nominal pressure. ............................ 23 5.2 The temperature difference between MicroCAT SN 1727 at 1 m, and near-surface temperature sensors SN 6410 (top panel), 6239 (second panel), 6412 (third panel), 6983 (fourth panel), and 7211 (bottom panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. .............................................. 24 5.3 The temperature difference between the 7-m MicroCAT and the 10-m VMCM (upper pane)l; between the 15-m MicroCAT and the 10-m VMCM (middle panel); and between the 7-m and the 15-m MicroCATs (lower panel ) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. ...................................... 26 5.4 The temperature difference between the 25-m MicroCAT and the 30-m VMCM (upper panel); between the 35-m MicroCAT and the 30-m VMCM (middle panel); and between the 25-m and the 35-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. ...................................... 27 5.5 The temperature difference between the 45-m MicroCAT and the 47.5-m ADCP (upper panel). (The ADCP stopped collecting data on 2024/3/25); between the 50-m MicroCAT and the 47.5-m ADCP (middle panel); and between the 45-m and the 50-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. ..... 28 5.6 The temperature difference between the 120-m MicroCAT and the 125-m ADCP (upper panel); between the 135-m MicroCAT and the 125-m ADCP (middle panel); and between the 120-m and the 135-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. ................................. 29 5.7 Temperature differences (top panel) and salinity differences (bottom panel) between MicroCATs #11380 and #11381 during WHOTS-19. The blue (red) lines are the differences before (after) correcting the data following the text’s procedures. ........................... 31 5.8 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 1 to 7 meters during WHOTS-19. ....... 32 5.9 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 15 to 35 meters during WHOTS-19 ...... 33 5.10 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 40 to 50 meters during WHOTS-19 ...... 34 5.11 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 55 to 75 meters during WHOTS-19. ..... 35 5.12 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 85 to 105 meters during WHOTS-19. ..... 36 5.13 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs from 120 to 155 meters during WHOTS-19 ..... 37 5.14 Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs at 4665 meters during WHOTS-19. ......... 38 5.15 Results of the post-cruise compass calibration, conducted June 13, 2024, on ADCP SN 7637 at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. ...................................... 40 iii 5.16 Results of the post-cruise compass calibration, conducted June 13, 2024, on ADCP SN 13917 at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. ...................................... 41 5.17 Temperature record from the 300 kHz ADCP during WHOTS-19 mooring (top panel). The bottom panel shows the beginning and end of the record, with the green vertical line representing the inwater time during deployment and out-of-water recovery time. The red line represents the anchor release and acoustic release trigger for deployment and recovery, respectively. ............ 43 5.18 Same as Fig. 5.17, but for the 600 kHz ADCP. ............................. 44 5.19 Eastward velocity component for the 300 kHz (top panel) and the 600 kHz (bottom panel) ADCPs are showing the incoherence between depth bins 1 (red), 2 (green), and 3 (blue). .......... 45 5.20 Histogram of the vertical velocity of the 300 kHz ADCP for raw data (top panel) and enlarged for clarity (upper middle panel), and partial quality controlled data (lower middle panel) and enlarged for clarity (bottom). ............................................ 47 5.21 Same as Fig. 5.20, but for 600kHz ADCP. ................................ 48 5.22 A comparison of 30 m VMCM and ADCP U velocity for WHOTS-19. The top panel shows 24-hour moving averages of VMCM zonal (U) velocity at 30 m depth (red) and ADCP U velocity from the nearest depth bin to 30 m (30.22 m). The middle panel shows the U velocity difference, and the bottom panel shows the percentage of ADCP data within the moving average not flagged by quality control methods. .............................................. 50 5.23 Same as in Fig. 5.22 but for the meridional (V) velocity component. ................. 51 5.24 Same as in Fig. 5.22 but for the 10 m VMCM. ............................. 52 5.25 Same as Fig. 5.24, but for the meridional (V) velocity component. .................. 53 6.1 [Upper left panel] Profiles of CTD temperature, salinity, and potential density (𝜎𝜃) as a function of pressure, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-19 cruise. [Upper right panel] Profiles of CTD salinity as a function of potential temperature, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-19 cruise. [Lower left panel] Same as in the upper left panel, but for station 52 cast 1. [Lower right panel] Same as in the upper right panel, but station 52 cast 1. ............. 57 6.2 [Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.1, but for station 52, cast 2. [Lower panels] Same as Fig. 6.1, but for station 52, cast 3. ............................................ 58 6.3 [Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.1, but for station 54, cast 4. ..................... 59 6.4 [Upper left panel] Profiles of CTD temperature, salinity, and potential density (𝜎𝜃) as a function of pressure, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-20 cruise. [Upper right panel] Profiles of CTD salinity as a function of potential temperature, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-20 cruise. [Lower left panel] Same as in the upper left panel, but for station 50 cast 1. [Lower right panel] Same as in the upper right panel, but station 50 cast 1. ............. 60 6.5 Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 2.[Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 3. ............................................ 61 6.6 Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 4.[Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 5. ............................................ 62 6.7 Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 52, cast 1. [Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 52, cast 2. ......................................... 63 6.8 Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 52, cast 3. ..................... 64 6.9 Final processed temperature (upper panel), salinity (middle panel), and potential density (𝜎𝜃) (lower panel) data from the continuous underway system onboard the R/V Oscar Sette during the WHOTS19 cruise. Temperature and salinity taken from 6-dbar CTD data (circles) and salinity bottle sample data (crosses) are superimposed. The dashed vertical red line indicates the period of occupation of Station ALOHA and the WHOTS site. .................................. 65 6.10 Timeseries of latitude (upper panel), longitude (middle panel), and ship’s speed (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 cruise. ........................................... 66 6.11 Final processed temperature (upper panel), salinity (middle panel), and potential density (𝜎𝜃) (lower panel) data from the continuous underway system onboard the R/V Oscar Sette during the WHOTS20 cruise. The displayed temperature is from the internal TSG sensor, and it does not represent the near-surface temperature (see text). Temperature and salinity were taken from 6-dbar CTD data (circles), and salinity bottle sample data (crosses) are superimposed. The dashed vertical red line indicates the period of occupation of Station ALOHA and the WHOTS site. ............. 67 6.12 Timeseries of latitude (upper panel), longitude (middle panel), and ship’s speed (lower panel) during the WHOTS-20 cruise. ........................................... 68 6.13 Temperatures from MicroCATs during WHOTS-19 deployment at 1.5, 7, 15, and 25 m. ...... 69 6.14 Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. ............................ 70 6.15 Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m. ............................ 71 6.16 Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 105, 120, 135, and 155 m. ......................... 72 6.17 Salinities from MicroCATs during WHOTS-19 deployment at 1.5, 7, 15, and 25 m ......... 73 6.18 Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. ............................ 74 6.19 Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m ............................ 75 6.20 Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 105, 120, 135, and 155 m. ......................... 76 6.21 Potential densities (𝜎𝜃) from MicroCATs during WHOTS-19 deployment at 1.5, 7, 15, and 25 m. . 77 6.22 Same as in Fig. 6.21, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. ............................ 78 6.23 Same as in Fig. 6.21, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m. ............................ 79 6.24 Same as in Fig. 6.21, but at 105, 120, 135, and 155 m. ......................... 80 6.25 Contour plots of temperature (upper panel) and salinity (lower panel) versus depth from SeaCATs/MicroCATs during WHOTS-1 through WHOTS-19 deployments. The shaded areas indicate missing data. The diamonds along the right axis indicate the depths of the instrument. ...... 81 6.26 Contour plots of potential density (𝜎𝜃), versus depth from SeaCATs/MicroCATs during WHOTS-1 through WHOTS-19 deployments. The shaded areas indicate missing data. The diamonds along the right axis in the upper figure indicate the depths of the instrument. ............... 82 6.27 Contour plots of salinity versus 𝜎𝜃 from SeaCATs/MicroCATs during WHOTS-1 through WHOTS19 deployments. ............................................... 83 6.28 Potential temperature (upper panel) and salinity (lower panel) time-series from the ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO) sensors and the WHOTS-19 MicroCATs 11381 and 11380. ........... 84 6.29 Depth–time contours of (top) zonal, (middle) meridional, and (bottom) vertical velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) measured by moored ADCPs during WHOTS-1 through WHOTS-19 (2004–2024). ......... 86 6.30 Same as Fig. 6.29, but restricted to the WHOTS-19 deployment (June 2023 – June 2024). ..... 87 6.31 Staggered time series of zonal velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) for each depth bin of the WHOTS-19 600kHz (top) and 300kHz (bottom) ADCPs. Curves are vertically offset by 0.5𝑚 𝑠−1; bin depths are annotated at right. ................................................... 88 6.32 As in Fig. 6.31, but for meridional velocity. ............................... 88 6.33 As in Fig. 6.31, but for vertical velocity. ................................. 89 6.34 Zonal velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) from the shipboard 75kHz ADCP (top) and the WHOTS-19 moored 300kHz ADCP (bottom) versus depth and day-of-year during the WHOTS-19 recovery / WHOTS-20 deployment cruise. Black bars mark CTD rosette operations. ....................... 90 6.35 Meridional velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) from the same cruise and instruments as Fig. 6.34. Solid–dashed bars denote CTD deployment periods. ..................................... 91 6.36 Mean current profiles during shipboard ADCP (cyan: zonal, magenta: meridional) versus moored 300 kHz ADCP (blue: zonal, red: meridional) intercomparisons from HOT-343 through HOT-347. Moored minus shipboard ADCP differences shown in dotted lines (blue: zonal, red: meridional) . . 92 6.37 Mean current profiles during shipboard ADCP (cyan: zonal, magenta: meridional) versus moored 600 kHz ADCP (blue: zonal, red: meridional) intercomparisons from HOT-343 through HOT-347. Moored minus shipboard ADCP differences shown in dotted lines (blue: zonal, red: meridional) . . 93 6.38 Horizontal velocity data (𝑚𝑠−1) during WHOTS-19 from the VMCMs at 10 m depth (first and second panel) and at 30 m depth (third and fourth panel) ....................... 94 6.39 GPS Latitude (upper panel) and longitude (lower panel) time series from the WHOTS-19 deployment. 95 6.40 The power spectrum of latitude (upper panel) and longitude (lower panel) for the WHOTS-19. . . 96 6.41 Scatter plots of ADCP tilt and distance of the buoy to its anchor for the 300 kHz (left panel) and the 600 kHz ADCP deployments (right panel, blue circles). The red line is a quadratic fit to the median tilt calculated every 0.2 km distance bins. ............................ 97 List of tables 2.1 Scientific personnel on Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-19 deployment cruise. ......... 4 2.2 CTD stations occupied during the WHOTS-19 cruise (Datetime is in mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm) .... 5 2.3 Configuration of the Ocean Surveyor 75kHz ADCP on board the Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-19 cruise ............................................. 5 2.4 Scientific personnel on Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-20 deployment cruise. ......... 6 2.5 CTD stations during the WHOTS-20 cruise (WHOTS-19 mooring recovery). Datetime is in UTC (mm/dd/yy hh:mm). ............................................ 6 2.6 Configuration of the Ocean Surveyor 75kHz ADCP on board the Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-20 cruise ............................................. 7 3.1 Surface meteorological instrumentation on the WHOTS-19 buoy, organized by system side (port = System 1, starboard = System 2). All sensors were mounted on the buoy tower. Heights are reported relative to the buoy deck. .................................... 8 3.2 Additional shared surface instrumentation on the WHOTS-19 buoy, including GPS units, Iridium satellite modems, and auxiliary sensors. ................................. 9 3.3 WHOTS-19 MicroCAT and SBE-56 Temperature Sensor Information. ................ 9 3.4 WHOTS-19 mooring subsurface instrument deployment. Times are UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm). Columns: SN = Serial Number, Inst = Instrument, Z = Depth (m), P SN = Pressure Sensor Serial Number, t = Sample Interval (s), CS = Cold Spike. .......................... 10 3.5 WHOTS-19 mooring recovery summary for C-T (Conductivity-Temperature) and ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) instruments. All times in UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm:ss). SN = Serial Number, Tlg = Logging, Spk = Spike, Q = Quality. .......................... 11 3.6 WHOTS-19 mooring ADCP deployment and configuration information. All times are in UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm:ss). ......................................... 12 3.7 WHOTS-19 mooring ADCP recovery information. All times are in UTC (MM/DD/YY, hh:mm:ss). 12 4.1 The precision of salinity measurements of secondary lab standards. .................. 16 4.2 ADCP record times (UTC mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss) for the narrowband and broadband 75 kHz ADCP during the WHOTS-19 cruise ....................................... 19 4.3 ADCP record times (UTC mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss) for the narrowband 75 kHz ADCP during the WHOTS-20 cruise ............................................. 20 5.1 WHOTS-19 MicroCAT temperature sensor calibration dates and sensor drift during deployments; SN = Sea-Bird Serial Number; PDC = Pre-Deployment Calibration; PRC = Post-Recovery Calibration; TSA = Temperature Sensor’s Annual Drift during WHOTS-19 ; N. depth = Nominal deployment depth .............................................. 21 5.2 Pressure bias of MicroCATs with pressure sensors for WHOTS-19. SN = Sea-bird Serial Number; BBD = Bias Before Deployment (dbar); BAR = Bias After Recovery (dbar) ............. 22 5.3 Specifications of the ADCP’s used for the WHOTS-19 mooring. .................... 30 vi WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Table 2.4: Scientific personnel on Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-20 deployment cruise. Name Title or function Affiliation Bigorre, Sebastien Chief Scientist WHOI Llanos, Nico Engineer WHOI Graham, Raymond Engineer WHOI Fitzgerald, Dan Marine Electronics Technician UH Santiago-Mandujano, Fernando Research Associate UH Rohrer, Tully Research Associate UH Shepherd, Merritt Research Assistant UH Maloney, Kelsey HIMB Housing Coordinator UH Jandial, Prajna Graduate Student UH Dirks, Jonah Graduate Student UH The UH group conducted the shipboard oceanographic observations during the cruise. A complete description of these operations is available in the WHOTS-20 cruise report [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2024]. A Sea-Bird CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth) system was used to collect temperature (T), salinity (S), and dissolved oxygen (O2) profiles during CTD casts. The time, location, and maximum pressure for each cast are shown in Table 2.5. Nine CTD casts were conducted during the WHOTS-20 cruise between June 1 and June 6, 2024. CTD profiles were collected at Station 20 (en route to the WHOTS mooring), Station 50 (near the WHOTS-19 buoy), and Station 52 (near the WHOTS-20 buoy). The cast at Station 20 reached a depth of approximately 1500m and included three acoustic releases—two intended for the WHOTS-20 mooring and one backup—secured to the rosette frame for functionality testing. This cast exhibited anomalous values in the primary temperature, conductivity, and oxygen sensors. Post-cast inspection revealed that the CTD pump cable had been pinched beneath a hose clamp on one of the Niskin bottles. The secondary sensor suite was unaffected. Four CTD yo-yo casts were conducted near the WHOTS-19 mooring prior to recovery to provide comparison profiles for the subsurface instruments, and three additional yo-yo casts were conducted near the WHOTS-20 mooring after deployment. All yo-yo casts began approximately 0.25 nautical miles from the buoys and consisted of five vertical cycles between 5m and 205m depth, with varying drift during each cast. The first two yo-yo casts near the WHOTS-19 mooring (S50C1 and S50C2) displayed anomalous data at the start of each profile, likely due to air bubbles in the CTD plumbing system. These artifacts disappeared below 100m. A Y-shaped plastic “de-bubbler” was subsequently installed in both CTD plumbing lines to mitigate this issue. All subsequent casts returned high-quality data. One deep CTD cast was conducted approximately 2 nautical miles from the WHOTS-19 buoy to obtain a profile for comparison with the near-bottom MicroCAT sensors. This cast reached a maximum depth of nearly 4550m. However, due to the absence of a functioning altimeter onboard, it was not possible to safely approach the depth of the deepest MicroCATs, located at approximately 4659m. Between four and five water samples were collected during each cast using 0.25 liter glass bottles. These samples were returned to the University of Hawai‘i for salinity analysis and were used to calibrate the CTD conductivity sensors. Table 2.5: CTD stations during the WHOTS-20 cruise (WHOTS19 mooring recovery). Datetime is in UTC (mm/dd/yy hh:mm). Station/cast Date In-water Time Location Maximum pressure (dbar) 20/1 6/1/2024 02:55 21°17.112N, 158°19.541W 1529 50/1 6/3/2024 16:07 22°46.880N, 157°55.793W 204 50/2 6/3/2024 20:04 22°46.221N, 157°56.073W 202 50/3 6/4/2024 00:08 22°46.396N, 157°56.165W 205 50/4 6/4/2024 04:02 22°46.339N, 157°56.148W 202 52/1 6/4/2024 20:37 22°40.237N, 157°59.375W 203 52/2 6/4/2024 23:58 22°40.237N, 157°59.271W 202 52/3 6/5/2024 04:04 22°40.430N, 157°59.022W 204 50/5 6/6/2024 00:09 22°47.311N, 157°57.818W 4625 2.2. WHOTS-20 Cruise: WHOTS-19 Mooring Recovery 6 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Also, continuous ADCP and near-surface thermosalinograph data were obtained while underway. The NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette was equipped with a Teledyne RDI Ocean Surveyor 75kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), configured to operate in narrowband mode. The broadband mode was non-functional during this cruise. Configuration details are provided in Table 2.6. The ADCP relied on input from a SAMOS gyrometer and a Furuno GP-170 GPS receiver to determine the ship’s heading and attitude. Table 2.6: Configuration of the Ocean Surveyor 75kHz ADCP on board the Ship Oscar Sette during the WHOTS-20 cruise Parameters OS75NB Sample interval (s) 300 Number of bins 55 Bin Length (m) 16 Transducer depth (m) 5 Blanking length (m) 8 Near-surface salinity data during the WHOTS-20 cruise were collected using the thermosalinograph (TSG) system installed aboard the NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette. The system sampled water from the ship’s continuous seawater supply and consisted of a Sea-Bird SBE-45 micro-thermosalinograph (SN 0290), equipped with internal temperature and conductivity sensors located in the ship’s chemistry lab, approximately 70 meters from the hull intake. A second TSG unit, the Sea-Bird SBE-21, was installed but was non-functional throughout the cruise. Similarly, the SBE-38 remote temperature sensor, mounted at the water intake near the ship’s bow, was also inoperative. As a result, sea surface temperature data could not be collected during the cruise. The SBE-45 recorded data at 1 Hz and included a built-in debubbler. The seawater intake is located at the bow of the vessel, forward of the starboard-side bow thruster, at a depth of 3 meters. Flow through the system was monitored via a flow meter in the chemistry lab, which registered a rate of approximately 1.5liters per minute during the cruise. To correct for potential drift in conductivity measurements, discrete salinity samples were collected every 8 hours from the exhaust line in the chemistry lab using 0.25-liter glass bottles. These samples were returned to the University of Hawai‘i laboratory for post-cruise salinity analysis. 2.2. WHOTS-20 Cruise: WHOTS-19 Mooring Recovery 7 3 Description of WHOTS-19 Mooring The WHOTS-19 mooring was deployed on June 17, 2023, from the NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette and recovered on June 6, 2024. The mooring consisted of a surface buoy equipped with two complete sets of Air–Sea Interaction Meteorological (ASIMET) sensors and a suite of subsurface oceanographic instruments mounted along the bridle and mooring line down to 155m, with additional sensors near the bottom. For a detailed technical description of the mooring design, see [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2024,Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2024]. The WHOTS-19 mooring was designed to collect high-quality time series of surface meteorology and upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and biogeochemical variables in support of long-term air-sea flux studies at Station ALOHA. 3.1 Surface Components The buoy included the following instrumentation mounted on a blue hull with a white tower and yellow deck (Table 3.1): Table 3.1: Surface meteorological instrumentation on the WHOTS19 buoy, organized by system side (port = System 1, starboard = System 2). All sensors were mounted on the buoy tower. Heights are reported relative to the buoy deck. Instrument Type IDs / Details Data Loggers 9 (System 1, port side); ID 42 (System 2, starboard side) Relative Humidity and Air Temperature (HRH) Sensors 269 and 247, mounted at 231cm Barometric Pressure Recorders (BPR) 210 and 206, mounted at 242cm Wind Sensors (RM Young) 225 and 701, mounted at 264cm Precipitation Sensors (PRC) 235 (System 1 – top broken before recovery); ID 506, both mounted at 256cm Longwave Radiation Sensors (LWR) 214 and 219, mounted at 281cm Shortwave Radiation Sensors (SWR) 233 and 373, mounted at 281cm Sea Surface Temperature (SST) 1727 and 5996, mounted at –155cm Iridium Satellite Systems IMEIs: 300234063855630, 300234063160290 GPS – Melo IMEI: 300034013707580 GPS – Rover 1034 and 724; IMEIs: 300434064530400, 300434063547190 Other Sensors Vaisala WXT (ID 204, 264cm); Airmar (ID 6079L253, 273cm, hanging); HC2A (ID WI9, 232cm); SBE39AT (ID 719, 228cm) 8 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 3.2 Subsurface Instrumentation Subsurface instruments were mounted along the bridle and at a fixed depth on the mooring line, as follows (Table 3.2): Table 3.2: Additional shared surface instrumentation on the WHOTS-19 buoy, including GPS units, Iridium satellite modems, and auxiliary sensors. Instrument Type ID Depth Notes MAPCO2System 26 155 With equilibration tube CTD (SBE16) 6832 155 Oxygen Sensor 1381 155 Fluorometer 2597 155 Includes bio-wiper pH Sensor (SAMI) P246 155 Span Gas Canister JB03812 — For sensor calibration Xeos Kilo Transmitter 1494 — IMEI: 300234062727610 Five internally logging Sea-Bird SBE-56 temperature sensors were bolted to the buoy hull’s underside, measuring sea surface temperature and salinity. The SBE-56s measured SST once every 60 sec between 80-110 cm below the surface. Two SBE-37 MicroCATs were at 1.55m measuring at every 300s (See Table 3.3). Table 3.3: WHOTS-19 MicroCAT and SBE-56 Temperature Sensor Information. Instrument SN Depth (m) Sample Interval (sec) SBE-56 6410 0.8 60 SBE-56 6239 0.8 60 SBE-56 6412 1.0 60 SBE-56 6983 1.1 60 SBE-56 7211 0.8 60 SBE-37 1727 1.55 300 SBE-37 5996 1.55 300 Instrumentation provided by UH for the WHOTS-19 mooring included 18 Sea-Bird SBE-37 MicroCATs, of which 9 were pressure-equipped. Two of them were installed approximately 39m above the anchor. All MicroCATs measured temperature and conductivity and were deployed with antifoulant capsules to minimize biofouling. In addition, UH deployed two upward-looking RDI Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) operating at 300kHz and 600kHz, respectively. WHOI contributed two Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs), an Acoustic Receiver, and all required deep mooring hardware. The ADCPs were mounted at nominal depths of 47.5m and 125m, and the VMCMs were positioned at 10m and 30m. The Table 3.4 table provides detailed metadata for the WHOTS-19 subsurface instrumentation, including nominal depths, serial numbers, sample intervals, and event times. To verify the performance of internal clocks, a coldwater spike was applied to all UH MicroCATs before deployment by placing an ice pack against each temperature sensor (Table 3.4) and again after recovery (Table 3.5). For the ADCPs, a 20-second manual transducer rub was performed to generate a recognizable signal spike (Table 3.6,Table 3.7). 3.2. Subsurface Instrumentation 9 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Table 3.4: WHOTS-19 mooring subsurface instrument deployment. Times are UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm). Columns: SN = Serial Number, Inst = Instrument, Z = Depth (m), P SN = Pressure Sensor Serial Number, t = Sample Interval (s), CS = Cold Spike. SN Inst Z P t Start CS Beg CS End In 3382 MC 7 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 06/16 00:00 06/16 00:30 06/16 21:00 0035 VMCM 10 N/A 60 06/08/23 00:21 06/16 20:23* N/A 06/16 20:28 6892 MC 15 2651234 75 06/13/23 23:59 06/16 00:00 06/16 00:30 06/16 20:25 4663 MC 25 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 20:19 112497 AR 25 N/A N/A 06/12/23 19:00 N/A N/A 06/16 20:19 0058 VMCM 30 N/A 60 06/08/23 00:21 06/16 20:13* N/A 06/16 20:16 3633 MC 35 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 20:12 3381 MC 40 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 20:09 3668 MC 45 5579 180 06/16/23 00:01 06/16 01:40 06/16 02:05 06/16 20:06 13917 ADCP 47.5 N/A 600 06/15/23 23:59 Table 3.6 Table 3.6 06/16 21:23 3619 MC 50 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:24 3620 MC 55 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:27 3621 MC 65 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:29 9988 MC 75 N/A 180 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:31 4699 MC 85 10209 240 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:32 3791 MC 95 N/A 180 06/16/23 02:00 06/16 02:06 06/16 02:30 06/16 21:34 2769 MC 105 12364705 240 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:36 25352 MC-N 120 5983494 240 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:47 7637 ADCP 125 N/A 300 06/15/23 23:59 Table 3.6 Table 3.6 06/16 21:47 25444 MC-N 135 12152941 240 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:49 4701 MC 155 10211 240 06/13/23 23:59 “ “ 06/16 21:51 11381 MC +39 m 2146836 300 06/16/23 00:01 “ “ 06/17 00:02 11380 MC +39 m 2146835 300 06/16/23 00:01 “ “ 06/17 00:02 3.2. Subsurface Instrumentation 10 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Table 3.5: WHOTS-19 mooring recovery summary for C-T (Conductivity-Temperature) and ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) instruments. All times in UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm:ss). SN = Serial Number, Tlg = Logging, Spk = Spike, Q = Quality. Z (m) SN T out Spk End Spk Tlg Stop N Samples Q 7 3382 06/07/24 01:46:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/11/24 00:13:21 174243 Good 15 6892 06/07/24 01:54:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/14/24 14:38:03 414947 Good 25 4663 06/07/24 01:57:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/08/24 03:38:40 172873 Good 35 3633 06/07/24 00:41:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 19:31:30 172710 Good 40 3381 06/07/24 00:37:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/08/24 03:19:15 172866 Good 45 3668 06/07/24 00:33:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/08/24 03:07:45 171871 Good 47.5 ADCP 13917 06/07/24 00:29:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 N/A 40846 Stopped 3/25/24 50 3619 06/07/24 00:28:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/11/24 00:19:06 174245 Good 55 3620 06/07/24 00:27:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/11/24 00:01:23 174240 Good 65 3621 06/07/24 00:25:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/10/24 23:56:24 174238 Good 75 9988 06/07/24 00:25:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 20:19:00 172725 Good 85 4699 06/07/24 00:24:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/10/24 23:52:11 130678 Good 95 3791 06/07/24 00:24:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 04:30:20 171890 Good 105 2769 06/07/24 00:23:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/08/24 03:28:10 129653 Did not record P/C 120 25352 06/07/24 00:21:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/08/24 00:27:30 129607 Good 125 ADCP 7637 06/07/24 00:17:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 19:07:00 51522 Good 135 25444 06/07/24 00:16:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 22:42:30 129581 Good 155 4701 06/07/24 00:14:00 06/07/24 05:56:00 06/07/24 06:26:00 06/07/24 22:06:10 129571 Good 38 mab 11380 06/06/24 19:50:00 06/07/24 19:52:00 06/07/24 20:10:00 06/08/24 00:27:06 103093 Good 38 mab 11381 06/06/24 19:50:00 06/07/24 19:52:00 06/07/24 20:10:00 06/08/24 00:27:19 103093 Good 3.2. Subsurface Instrumentation 11 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Table 3.6: WHOTS-19 mooring ADCP deployment and configuration information. All times are in UTC (MM/DD/YY hh:mm:ss). Parameter ADCP S/N 13917 ADCP S/N 7637 Frequency (kHz) 600 300 Number of Depth Cells 25 30 Depth Cell Size (m) 2 m 4 m Pings per Ensemble 80 40 Time per Ensemble (min) 10 min 10 min Time per Ping (sec) 2 sec 4 sec Time of First Ping 06/15/2023, 23:59:00 06/15/2023, 23:59:00 Transducer 1 Spike Time 06/16/2023, 05:40:00 06/16/2023, 05:40:00 Transducer 2 Spike Time 06/16/2023, 05:40:15 06/16/2023, 05:40:15 Transducer 3 Spike Time 06/16/2023, 05:40:30 06/16/2023, 05:40:30 Transducer 4 Spike Time 06/16/2023, 05:40:45 06/16/2023, 05:40:45 Ice Spike Time Begin 06/16/2023, 00:00:00 06/16/2023, 00:00:00 Ice Spike Time End 06/16/2023, 00:30:00 06/16/2023, 00:30:00 Time in Water 06/16/2023, 21:23:00 06/16/2023, 21:47:00 Depth (m) 47.5 m 125 m Table 3.7: WHOTS-19 mooring ADCP recovery information. All times are in UTC (MM/DD/YY, hh:mm:ss). Parameter ADCP S/N 13917 ADCP S/N 7637 Frequency (kHz) 600 300 Number of Depth Cells 25 30 Depth Cell Size (m) 2 m 4 m Pings per Ensemble 80 40 Time per Ensemble (min) 10 min 10 min Time per Ping (sec) 2 sec 4 sec Time of Last Ping 06/07/24, 05:40:00 06/07/24, 05:40:00 Transducer 1 Spike Time 06/07/24, 07:32:00 06/07/24, 07:21:00 Transducer 2 Spike Time 06/07/24, 07:32:15 06/07/24, 07:21:15 Transducer 3 Spike Time 06/07/24, 07:32:30 06/07/24, 07:21:30 Transducer 4 Spike Time 06/07/24, 07:32:45 06/07/24, 07:21:45 Ice Spike Start Time 06/07/24, 05:56:00 06/07/24, 05:56:00 Ice Spike End Time 06/07/24, 06:26:00 06/07/24, 06:26:00 Time in the Water 06/16/23, 21:47:00 06/16/23, 21:47:00 Time out of Water 06/07/24, 00:29:00 06/07/24, 00:17:00 Depth (m) 47.5 m 125 m The 300 kHz ADCP at 125 m (SN 7637) operated flawlessly for the entire deployment and was still recording on recovery. In contrast, the 600 kHz ADCP at 47.5 m (SN 13917) stopped logging on 25 March 2024. Data collected are good, aside from near-surface side-lobe interference. The RDI 300 kHz Workhorse Sentinel ADCP, SN 7637, was installed at 125 m with its transducers facing upward and an external battery pack. It pinged every 4 s for 160 s once every 10 min—a burst regime selected to reduce aliasing from large-swell orbital motions. Bin size was 4 m. In total, 51 522 ensembles were logged, beginning 06/15/2023 23:59:00 and ending 06/07/2024 18:48:59 (see Table 3.6,Table 3.7, and WHOTS-19 300 kHz - Serial 7367). This instrument also measured temperature. The RDI 600 kHz Workhorse Sentinel ADCP, SN 13917, was installed at 47.5 m with transducers facing upward and an external battery pack. It pinged every 2 s for 160 s once every 10 min, with a 2 m bin size. The instrument logged 40 846 ensembles between 06/15/2023 23:59:00 and 03/25/2024 15:38:59 (see Table 3.6,Table 3.7, and WHOTS-19 600 kHz - Serial 13917). Upon recovery it was silent. Diagnostic checks suggest a Y-cable fault: the internal battery was fully depleted, whereas both external packs were only partially discharged—an imbalance not expected under normal operation. Data collected before shutdown are high-quality, apart from near-surface side-lobe interference. This instrument also measured temperature. 3.2. Subsurface Instrumentation 12 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Two VMCMs (SN 0035 at 10 m and SN 0058 at 30 m) were configured by the WHOI/UOP group to sample every minute; both also recorded temperature. Recovery details for the C-T instruments appear in Table 3.5. All WHOTS-19 instruments were retrieved. Biofouling was common—severe near the surface and detectable, though minor, down to the 125 m ADCP. Post-recovery inspection found every MicroCAT intact with its antifoulant capsule. High-quality records were obtained from all units except those flagged in Table 3.5 (see MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures,MicroCAT Data). One exception is SN 2769, which failed to log pressure and conductivity, although no external damage to the sensor or its conductivity cell was observed. 3.2. Subsurface Instrumentation 13 4 WHOTS (19-20) Cruise Shipboard Observations The hydrographic profile observations made during the WHOTS cruises were obtained with a Sea-Bird CTD package with dual temperature, salinity, and oxygen sensors. This CTD was installed on a rosette sampler with 5 L Niskin sampling bottles for calibration water samples. Furthermore, the ship Oscar Sette came equipped with a thermosalinograph system that provided a continuous depiction of the near-surface layer’s temperature and salinity. However near-surface temperatures were not available during the WHOTS-20 cruise, because the thermosalinograph remote temperature sensor was not functional. Horizontal currents over the depth range of 30-700 m were measured from the shipboard 75 kHz Ocean Surveyor (OS75) ADCP (narrowband) with a vertical resolution of 16m for the WHOTS-19 and WHOTS-20 cruises. Broadband mode for the OS75 provided additional current data over the range upper 200 m with a vertical resolution of 8m. Unfortunately, the broadband mode was non-functional during WHOTS-20. Data gaps occurred when the system was shut down temporarily during communications with the acoustic releases used for the moorings during both cruises. Periods of missing data between 300 and 450 m in the broadband ADCP were apparent due to the lack of scattering material in the water. 4.1 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) Profiling Continuous measurements of temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pressure were made with the UH Sea-Bird SBE-9/11Plus CTD underwater units #1506 and #1487 during WHOTS-19 cruise and #0895 during WHOTS-20 cruise. The CTD was equipped with an internal Digiquartz pressure sensor and pairs of external temperature, conductivity, and oxygen sensors. Each temperature-conductivity sensor pair used a Sea-Bird TC duct, which circulated seawater through independent pump and plumbing installations. The CTD configuration also included two oxygen sensors, installed in the plumbing for each sensor set. In both cruises, the CTD was mounted in a vertical position in the lower part of a rosette sampler, with the sensors’ water intakes located at the bottom of the rosette. The package was deployed on a conducting cable, which allowed for real-time data acquisition and display. The deployment procedure consisted of lowering the package to approximately 10 dbar and waiting until the CTD pumps started operating. The CTD was then raised until the sensors were close to the surface to begin the CTD cast. The time and position of each cast were obtained via a GPS connection to the CTD deck box. Four salinity samples were taken on each cast for calibration of the conductivity sensors. 14 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 4.1.1 Data Acquisition and Processing CTD data were acquired at the instrument’s highest sampling rate of 24 samples per second. Digital data were stored on a laptop computer, and, for redundancy, the analog signal was recorded on a separate computer using a sound card and Audacity (TM) software. Backups of CTD data were made onto USB storage cards. The raw CTD data were quality controlled and screened for spikes described in the WHOTS Data Report 1 [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2007]. Data alignment, averaging, correction, and reporting were done as described in [Tupas et al., 1993]. Spikes in the data occur when the CTD samples the disturbed water of its wake. Therefore, the downcast samples were rejected when the CTD was moving upward or when its acceleration exceeded 0.5 m s-2 in magnitude. The data were subsequently averaged into 2-dbar pressure bins after calibrating the CTD conductivity with the bottle salinities. The data were additionally screened by comparing the T-C sensor pairs. These differences permitted the identification of problems with the sensors. The data from only one T-C pair, whichever was deemed most reliable, is reported here. Only data from the downcast are reported, as wake effects from the rosette commonly contaminate upcast data. Temperature is reported on the ITS-90 scale. Salinity and all derived units were calculated using the UNESCO (1981) routines; salinity is reported in the Practical Salinity(SA) scale (PSS-78). Oxygen is reported in umol kg-1. 4.1.2 CTD Sensor Calibration and Corrections 4.1.2.1 Pressure The pressure calibration strategy for CTD pressure transducers #154451 and #53702 used during WHOTS-19 and #101430 used during WHOTS-20 cruise employed a high-quality quartz pressure transducer as a transfer standard. Periodic recalibrations of this lab standard were performed with a primary pressure standard. The only corrections applied to the CTD pressures were a constant offset determined when the CTD first enters the water on each cast. Also, a span correction determined from bench tests on the sensor against the transfer standard was applied. These procedures and corrections are thoroughly documented in the HOT-2022 data report [Fujieki et al., 2024] and HOT-2023 data report [Fujieki et al., 2025]. 4.1.2.2 Temperature/Conductivity Sea-Bird SBE-3-Plus temperature and SBE 4C conductivity transducers were used during WHOTS-19 and -20 cruises. These sensors’ history and performance have been monitored during HOT cruises, and calibrations and drift corrections applied during WHOTS cruises are thoroughly documented in the HOT-2022 data report [Fujieki et al., 2024] and HOT-2023 data report [Fujieki et al., 2025] 4.1.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Sea-Bird SBE-43 oxygen sensors were used during the WHOTS-19 and -20 cruises. The WHOTS-19 oxygen data were calibrated using calibration coefficients obtained during the HOT-342 cruise conducted on 24-30 May 2023, before the WHOTS-19 cruise, which used the same primary oxygen sensor. The CTD empirical calibration was performed using oxygen water samples and the procedure from [Owens and Millard, 1985]. See [Tupas et al., 1996] for details on these calibrations procedures. The oxygen data from WHOTS-20 were calibrated using calibration coefficients obtained during the HOT-350 cruise conducted on April 27 to May 1, 2024 before the WHOTS-20 cruise, which used the same oxygen sensors. 4.1. Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) Profiling 15 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 5.1.1 Internal Clock Check and Missing Samples Before the WHOTS-19 mooring deployment and after its recovery (before the data logging was stopped), the MicroCATs temperature sensors were placed in contact with an ice pack to create a spike in the data, to check for any problems with their internal clocks, and for possible missing samples (Table 3.5). The cold spikes deployment were detected by a sudden decrease in temperature. For all the instruments, the clock time of this event matched the time of the spike (within the sampling interval of each instrument) correctly. The instrument SN 2769 failed to record pressure and conductivity, although nothing was visibly wrong with this instrument or its conductivity cell after recovery. The instrument was repaired at Sea-Bird in March, 2025 and it is back in working conditions. 5.1.2 Pressure Drift Correction and Pressure Variability Some MicroCATs used in the moorings were outfitted with pressure sensors (Table 3.5). Biases were detected in the pressure sensors by comparing the on-deck pressure readings (which should be zero for standard atmospheric pressure) before deployment and after recovery. Table 5.2 shows the magnitude of the bias for each of the sensors before and after deployment. To correct this offset, a linear fit between the initial and final on-deck pressure offset as a function of time was obtained and subtracted from each sensor. Fig. 5.1 shows the linearly corrected pressures measured by the MicroCATs located above 200 m during the WHOTS-18 deployment. For all these sensors, the mean difference from the nominal instrument pressure (based on the deployed depth) was less than 1.5 dbar. The standard deviation of the pressure for the duration of the record was less than 1 dbar for all sensors, with the deeper sensors showing a slightly larger standard deviation. The range of variability for all sensors was about ±3 dbar. The causes of pressure variability can be several, including density variations in the water column above the instrument; horizontal dynamic pressure (not only due to the currents but also due to the motion of the mooring); mooring position [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2007]. Table 5.2: Pressure bias of MicroCATs with pressure sensors for WHOTS-19. SN = Sea-bird Serial Number; BBD = Bias Before Deployment (dbar); BAR = Bias After Recovery (dbar) Depth (m) SN BBD(dbar) BAR(dbar) 15 6892 –0.09 –0.10 45 3668 –0.06 –0.12 85 4699 –0.11 –0.09 120 25352 0.11 1.13 135 25444 0.04 –0.64 155 4701 –1.62 –1.63 4665 11381 –2.06 –1.02 4665 11380 0.54 1.35 5.1.3 Temperature Sensor Stability The MicroCAT temperature sensors were calibrated at Sea-Bird before and after each deployment, and their annual drift evaluations based on these calibrations are shown in Table 5.1. These values turned out to be insignificant ( not higher than 0.0015 °C) for all sensors. Comparisons between the MicroCAT and CTD data from casts conducted near the mooring during HOT cruises confirmed that the rest of the moored instruments’ temperature drift was insignificant. The temperatures from the two MicroCATs (SN 11381 and SN 11380) deployed near the bottom were drift corrected. Fig. 5.7 (upper panel) shows the temperature differences between both instruments before and after the correction. After the correction, the temperature differences were in the ±0.001 °C range. Temperature comparisons between one of the WHOTS-19 near-surface MicroCAT (SN 1727) and the four SBE-56 surface temperature sensors in the buoy hull Table 3.3 are shown in Fig. 5.2. All the SBE-56 instruments returned full records, and none of them show any obvious bias compared to the Microcat measurements. In addition to the Sea-Bird temperature sensors, there were additional temperature sensors in the VMCMs (at 10 and 30 m) and in the ADCPs (at 47.5 m and 125 m). Comparisons with the temperatures from adjacent MicroCATs were conducted to evaluate the temperatures from those sensors. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 22 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.1: Linearly corrected pressures from MicroCATs between 7 and 155 m during WHOTS-19 deployment. The horizontal dashed line is the sensor’s nominal pressure, based on deployed depth. The text on the left (right) side of the figure indicates the mean (standard deviation) of the difference between each instrument’s pressure and nominal pressure. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 23 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.2: The temperature difference between MicroCAT SN 1727 at 1 m, and near-surface temperature sensors SN 6410 (top panel), 6239 (second panel), 6412 (third panel), 6983 (fourth panel), and 7211 (bottom panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 24 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 5.1.3.1 Comparisons with VMCM and ADCP temperature sensors The upper panel of Fig. 5.3 shows the difference between the 10-m VMCM and the 7-m MicroCAT temperatures during WHOTS-19, after adding a 0.03881°C offset correction to the VMCM. The offset was the mean difference between the uncorrected VMCM and the 7-m MicroCAT data. Also shown for comparison in the middle panel of the figure are the corrected VMCM temperature differences from the 15 m MicroCAT. The lower panel shows the temperature fluctuations in the differences between the 7 and 15-m MicroCATs, which seem to be around zero, with sporadic high excursions (nearly 0.6 °C) from the 7 m MicroCAT. Temperature differences between the 30-m VMCM and the adjacent MicroCATs at 25 and 35-m during WHOTS-19 are shown in Fig. 5.4. For comparison, the differences between the MicroCATs temperatures are also shown in the lower panel. Temperature differences between the 47.5-m ADCP and the temperatures from adjacent MicroCATs at 45 and 50-m during WHOTS-19 are shown in Fig. 5.5. The 600khz ADCP failed and stopped collecting data on March 25, 2024 (see Description of WHOTS-19 Mooring). For comparison, the differences between the MicroCATs temperatures are also shown in the lower panel. Temperature differences between the 125-m ADCP and the temperatures from adjacent MicroCATs at 120 and 135-m during WHOTS-19 are shown in Fig. 5.6. The three WHOTS-19 panels reveal that temperature differences between the 125 m ADCP and the flanking 120 m and 135 m MicroCATs remain centered near 0 °C for most of the record, indicating the ADCP thermometer tracks the dedicated sensors well; large positive excursions (~2–3 °C) in late December 2023 - January 2024—and matching spikes in the MicroCAT-to-MicroCAT gradient—show that those brief anomalies arise from real, steep stratification at the thermocline’s upper edge rather than sensor drift. Seasonal trends are also clear: the vertical gradient gradually intensifies from summer to mid-winter, peaks during the January event, then collapses after March as mixing deepens the surface layer. 5.1.4 Conductivity Calibration The results of the Sea-Bird post-recovery conductivity calibrations indicated that some MicroCAT conductivity sensors experienced relatively large offsets from their pre-deployment calibration. These were qualitatively confirmed by comparing the mooring data against CTD data from casts conducted between 200 m and 5 km from the mooring during HOT cruises. The conductivity offsets are not apparent, and there may have been multiple causes ( see [Freitag et al., 1999] for a similar experience with conductivity cells during COARE). For some instruments, the offset was negative, caused perhaps by biofouling of the conductivity cell. In contrast, for others, the offset was positive, for reasons still unknown. A visual inspection of the instruments after recovery did not show any apparent signs of biofouling. There were no cell scourings reported in the post-recovery reviews at Sea-Bird. Corrections of the MicroCATs conductivity data were conducted by comparing them against CTD data from profiles and yo-yo casts conducted near the mooring during HOT cruises and during deployment/recovery cruises. Casts led between 200 and 1000 m from the mooring were given extra weight in the correction compared to those conducted between 1 and 5 km away. Casts more than 5 km away from the mooring were not used. Given that the CTD casts are conducted at least 200 m from the mooring, CTD and MicroCAT data’s alignment was done in density rather than in-depth. For cases where the alignment in density was not possible due to large conductivity offsets (causing unrealistic mooring density values), the alignment was done in temperature space. A cubic leastsquares fit (LSF) to the CTD-MicroCAT differences against time was applied as a first approximation, and the corresponding correction was applied. Some sensors had large offsets and noticeable variability that could not be explained by a cubic LSF (see below). For these sensors, a stepwise correction was applied to match the data to the available CTD cast data and then to use the differences between consecutive sensors to determine when the sensor started to drift. For instance, during periods of weak stratification, the conductivity difference between neighboring sensors A, B, and C could reach near-zero values, in particular for instruments near the surface, which are the ones most prone to suffer conductivity offsets. A sudden conductivity offset observed during this period between sensors A and B, but not between sensors A and C could indicate the beginning of an offset for sensor B. Given that the most in-depth instruments on the mooring are less likely to be affected by biofouling and consequent sudden conductivity drift, the deep instruments served as an excellent reference to find any possible malfunction in the shallower ones. Therefore, the conductivity from the deepest instruments was corrected first, and the correction was continued sequentially upwards toward the shallower ones. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 25 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.3: The temperature difference between the 7-m MicroCAT and the 10-m VMCM (upper pane)l; between the 15-m MicroCAT and the 10-m VMCM (middle panel); and between the 7-m and the 15-m MicroCATs (lower panel ) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 26 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.4: The temperature difference between the 25-m MicroCAT and the 30-m VMCM (upper panel); between the 35-m MicroCAT and the 30-m VMCM (middle panel); and between the 25-m and the 35-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 27 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.5: The temperature difference between the 45-m MicroCAT and the 47.5-m ADCP (upper panel). (The ADCP stopped collecting data on 2024/3/25); between the 50-m MicroCAT and the 47.5-m ADCP (middle panel); and between the 45-m and the 50-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 28 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.6: The temperature difference between the 120-m MicroCAT and the 125-m ADCP (upper panel); between the 135-m MicroCAT and the 125-m ADCP (middle panel); and between the 120-m and the 135-m MicroCATs (lower panel) during the WHOTS-19 deployment. The light blue line is a 24-hour running mean of the differences. 5.1. MicroCAT Data Processing Procedures 29 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 As a quality control to the conductivity corrections, the buoyancy frequency between neighboring instruments was calculated using finite differences. Overor under-corrected conductivities yielded instabilities in the water column ( negative buoyancy frequency) that were easy to detect and were not real when lasting for several days. Based on this, the conductivity correction of the corresponding sensors was revised. Correction of the deep and the near-bottom MicroCATs’ conductivities were done following similar procedures than for the shallow instruments, by comparing them against CTD data from near-bottom profiles conducted during HOT cruises (Fig. 5.7, bottom panel). After correction, the salinity differences between both instruments were in the ±0.001 range. Another characteristic of the offsets in the conductivity sensors is that their development is not always linear in time. Their behavior can be highly variable [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2007]. The corrections applied to each of the conductivity sensors during WHOTS-19 are shown in Fig. 5.8 through Fig. 5.14. Most of the instruments had a drift of less than 0.02 Siemens/m for the duration of the deployment, corrected with a linear, cubic least-squares or stepwise fit. 5.2 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Two TRDI broadband Workhorse Sentinel ADCP’s were deployed on the WHOTS-19 mooring. A 600 kHz ADCP was deployed at 47.5 m depth in the upward-looking configuration, and a 300 kHz ADCP was deployed at 125 m, also in the upward-looking configuration. The instruments were installed in aluminum frames and an external battery module to provide sufficient power for the intended period of deployment. The four ADCP beams were angled at 20°from the vertical line of the instrument. The 300 kHz ADCP was set to profile across 30 range cells of 4 m with the first bin centered at 6.21m from the transducer. The 600 kHz ADCP was set to profile across 25 range cells of 4 m with the first bin centered at 3.10m from the transducer. The specifications of the instrument are shown in Table 5.3. Table 5.3: Specifications of the ADCP’s used for the WHOTS-19 mooring. Frequency (kHz) Instrument Model Serial Number 300 TRDI Workhorse Sentinel WHS300-I-UG-129 7637 600 TRDI Workhorse Sentinel WHS600-I 13917 5.2.1 Compass Calibrations 5.2.1.1 Pre-Deployment Before the WHOTS-19 deployment, field calibration of the internal ADCPs compass was performed at the University of Hawaii’s at Manoa on May 2023, for 300 kHz and the 600 kHz instruments. Each instrument was mounted in the deployment cage with the external battery module in an area located away from potential sources of magnetic field disturbances. The ADCP was mounted to a turntable, aligned with the magnetic north using a surveyor’s compass. Using the built-in RDI calibration procedure, the instrument was tilted in one direction between 10 and 20 degrees and then rotated through 360 degrees at less than 5°per second. The ADCP was then tilted in a different direction, and a second rotation was made. Based on the results from the first two rotations, calibration parameters are temporarily loaded, and the instrument, tilted in a third direction, is rotated once more to check the calibration. Results from each pre-deployment field calibration are shown in Table 5.4 and Table 5.5 (Fig. 5.15 and Fig. 5.16). 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 30 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.7: Temperature differences (top panel) and salinity differences (bottom panel) between MicroCATs #11380 and #11381 during WHOTS-19. The blue (red) lines are the differences before (after) correcting the data following the text’s procedures. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 31 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.14: Conductivity sensor corrections for MicroCATs at 4665 meters during WHOTS-19. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 38 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Table 5.4: Results from the WHOTS-19 pre-deployment 300 kHz ADCP compass field calibration procedure. SCE = Single Cycle Error (°); DCE = Double Cycle Error (°); LD_SCE = Largest Double + Single Cycle Error (°); RMS_RE = RMS of 3rd Order and Higher + Random Error (°); OE = Overall Error (°); PM_STD = Pitch, Mean and St. Deviation (°); RM_STD = Roll, Mean and St. Dev. (°) (SN 7637) SCE DCE LD_SCE RMS_RE OE PM_STD RM_STD Before 3.74 0.02 3.77 0.10 3.74 17.71 ±0.60 0.09 ±0.55 After 0.44 0.34 0.78 0.14 0.64 –16.19 ±0.59 0.00 ±0.56 Table 5.5: Results from the WHOTS-19 pre-deployment 600 kHz ADCP compass field calibration procedure. See acronyms on Table 5.4 (SN 13917) SCE DCE LD_SCE RMS_RE OE PM_STD RM_STD Before 4.42 0.45 4.88 0.09 4.45 1.55 ±0.59 0.21 ±0.55 After 0.22 0.13 0.34 0.09 0.29 –15.77 ±0.61 0.01 ±0.57 5.2.1.2 Post-Deployment After the WHOTS-19 mooring was recovered, the ADCP compass’s performance was tested at the University of Hawai’i’s at Manoa on June 13, 2024, with an identical compass calibration procedure as during the pre-deployment calibration. Results from the WHOTS-19 post-deployment ADCP compass field calibration procedure are listed in Table 5.6 and Table 5.7 (Fig. 5.15 and Fig. 5.16). Table 5.6: Results from the WHOTS-19 post-deployment 300kHz ADCP compass field calibration procedure. See acronyms on Table 5.4 (SN 4891) SCE DCE LD_SCE RMS_RE OE PM_STD RM_STD After 2.49 0.12 2.61 0.09 2.50 1.56 ±0.53 –0.01 ±0.47 Table 5.7: Results from the WHOTS-19 post-deployment 600kHz ADCP compass field calibration procedure. See acronyms on Table 5.4 (SN 1825) SCE DCE LD_SCE RMS_RE OE PM_STD RM_STD After 0.99 0.08 1.07 0.15 0.99 1.61 ±0.58 0.32 ±0.52 5.2.2 ADCP Configurations Individual configurations for the two ADCP’s on the WHOTS-19 mooring are detailed in WHOTS-19 300 kHz - Serial 7367, and WHOTS-19 600 kHz - Serial 13917. The salient differences for each of the ADCP’s are summarized below. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 39 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.15: Results of the post-cruise compass calibration, conducted June 13, 2024, on ADCP SN 7637 at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 40 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.16: Results of the post-cruise compass calibration, conducted June 13, 2024, on ADCP SN 13917 at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 41 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 5.2.2.1 300 kHz (SN/7367 - 125m) The ADCP, set to a beam frequency of 300 kHz, was configured in a burst sampling mode consisting of 40 pings per ensemble to resolve low-frequency wave orbital motions. The interval between each ping was 4 seconds, so the ensemble length was 160 seconds. The interval between ensembles was 10 minutes. Data were recorded in earth coordinates, with a heading bias of 9.34°E due to magnetic declination. False targets, usually fish, were screened by setting the threshold maximum to 70 counts. Velocity data were rejected if the difference in echo intensity among the four beams exceeded this threshold. 5.2.2.2 600 kHz (SN/1391747.5m) The ADCP, set to a beam frequency of 600 kHz, was configured in a burst sampling mode consisting of 80 pings per ensemble. The interval between each ping was 2 seconds, so the ensemble length was also 160 seconds. The interval between ensembles was 10 minutes. Data were recorded in earth coordinates with a heading bias of 9.34° E. The threshold maximum was also set to 70 counts. Velocity data were rejected if the difference in echo intensity among the four beams exceeded this threshold. 5.2.3 ADCP data processing procedures Binary files output from the ADCP were read and converted to MATLAB™binary files using scripts developed by Eric Firing’s ADCP lab. The beginning of the raw data files was truncated to a time after the mooring anchor was released to allow time for the anchor to reach the seabed and for the mooring motions that follow the anchor’s impact on the seafloor to dissipate. The pitch, roll, and ADCP temperature were examined to pick reasonable times that ensured good data quality without unnecessarily discarding too much data (Fig. 5.17,Fig. 5.18). Truncation at the end of the data files was chosen to be the ensemble before the acoustic release signal was sent to avoid contamination due to the instrument’s ascent. The times of the first ensemble from the raw data, deployments, and recovery time, along with the truncated records of both deployments, are shown in Table 5.8. Table 5.8: ADCP record times (UTC mm/dd/yyyy, hh:mm:ss) for WHOTS-19. Activities 300 kHz 600 kHz Raw file start 06/15/2023, 23:59:00 06/15/2023, 23:59:00 Raw file end 06/07/2024, 18:48:59 03/25/2024, 15:38:59 ADCP In water 06/16/2023, 21:47:00 06/16/2023, 21:23:00 Anchor over 06/17/2023, 02:59:00 06/17/2023, 02:59:00 Anchor release fired 06/06/2024, 18:00:00 06/06/2024, 18:00:00 ADCP on deck 06/07/2024, 00:17:00 06/07/2024, 00:29:00 5.2.3.1 ADCP Clock Drift Upon recovery, a spike is normally produced in the ADCP data by gently rubbing each instrument’s transducer by hand for 20 seconds (see Table 3.7) to compare the ADCP clocks with the ship’s time server. Past deployments of the ADCP’s suggest a 3-minute difference on ADCP clocks is not unusual. No drift corrections were made. However, this drift may be significant if the data are used for time-dependent analysis, such as tidal or spectrum analysis. A drift correction needs to be applied in those cases. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 42 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.17: Temperature record from the 300 kHz ADCP during WHOTS-19 mooring (top panel). The bottom panel shows the beginning and end of the record, with the green vertical line representing the in-water time during deployment and out-of-water recovery time. The red line represents the anchor release and acoustic release trigger for deployment and recovery, respectively. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 43 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.18: Same as Fig. 5.17, but for the 600 kHz ADCP. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 44 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 5.2.3.2 Heading Bias As mentioned in the ADCP configuration section, the data were recorded in the earth coordinates. A heading bias, the angle between magnetic north and true north, can be included in the setup to obtain output data in true-earth coordinates. Magnetic variation was obtained from the National Geophysical Data Center ‘Geomag’ calculator . A constant value is acceptable for a yearlong deployment because the change in declination is small, approximately -0.02°𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟−1at the WHOTS location. A heading bias of 9.34°was entered in the setup of the WHOTS-19 ADCP’s. 5.2.3.3 Quality Control Quality control of the ADCP data involved the thorough examination of the velocity, instrument orientation, and diagnostic fields to develop the basis of the QC flagging procedures. Details of the methods used can be found in the WHOTS Data Report 1 [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2007]. The following QC procedures were applied to the WHOTS-19 deployment of ADCP data. 1. The first bin (closest to the transducer) is sometimes corrupted due to what is known as ringing. A period of time is needed for the sound energy produced during a transducer’s transmit pulse to dissipate before the ADCP can adequately receive the returned echoes. This “blanking interval” is used to prevent useless data from being recorded. If it is too short, signal returns can be contaminated by the lingering noise from the transducer. The blanking interval is expressed as a distance. The default value of 1.76 m was used for the 300 kHz ADCP, whereas an interval of 0.88 m was used for the 600 kHz ADCP. As a result, bin one was flagged and replaced with Not a Number (NaN) in the quality-controlled dataset (Fig. 5.19). Fig. 5.19: Eastward velocity component for the 300 kHz (top panel) and the 600 kHz (bottom panel) ADCPs are showing the incoherence between depth bins 1 (red), 2 (green), and 3 (blue). 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 45 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 2. For an upward-looking ADCP with a beam angle of 20°within range of the sea surface, the upper 6% of the depth range is contaminated with sidelobe interference [Teledyne RD Instruments, 2011]. This contamination results from the much stronger signal reflection from the sea surface than from scatters, overwhelming the sidelobe suppression of the transducer. Data quality is quantified using echo intensity, a measure of the backscattered echo’s strength for each depth cell. With distance from the transducer sensor, echo intensity is expected to decrease. Sharp increases in echo intensity indicate contamination from surface reflection. Most of the data within the upper four bins (~14% of the vertical range) were flagged. These top four bins range from about 15 m up to the sea surface. 3. The use of four beams (along with instrument orientation) is used to resolve currents into their component earth-referenced velocities, providing a second estimate of the vertical velocity. The scaled difference between these estimates is defined as the error velocity, and it is useful for assessing data quality. Error velocities with an absolute magnitude more significant than 0.15𝑚𝑠−1(value comparable to the standard deviation of observed horizontal velocities) were flagged and removed. 4. An indication of data quality for each ensemble is given by the “percent good” data indicator, which accompanies each beam for each bin. The use of the percent good indicator is determined by the coordinate transformation mode used during the data collection. For profiles transformed into earth coordinates, the percent good field shows the percentage of pings that could be used to create the earth coordinate velocities. The percent good fields show the percentage of data made using 4 and 3 beam solutions in each depth cell within an ensemble and the percentage that was rejected due to failing one of the criteria set during the instrument setup (see WHOTS-19 300 kHz - Serial 7367). Data were flagged when data in each depth cell within an ensemble made from 3 or 4 beam solutions was 20% or less. 5. Data were rejected using correlation magnitude, which is the pulse-to-pulse correlation (in ping returns) for each depth cell. Correlation magnitude represents how the shape of the received signal corresponds to the outgoing signal for each ping. If at least three of the beams exhibited a correlation magnitude more significant than 64 counts for a given bin, the profile could be transformed into earth coordinates. Low correlation magnitudes may indicate sudden changes in particle density or sudden changes in ADCP tilt. More research is needed at this time into relationships between ADCP tilt and correlation magnitude. If any beam had a correlation magnitude of 20 counts or less, that data point was flagged. 6. Histograms of raw vertical velocity data and partially cleaned data from the ADCP (Fig. 5.20 and Fig. 5.21) and the WHOTS Data Report 1 [Santiago-Mandujano et al., 2007] showed vertical velocities larger than expected, some exceeding 1𝑚𝑠−1. Recall that the instruments’ burst sampling (4-second intervals for the 300 kHz and 2-second intervals for the 600 kHz, for 160 seconds every 10 minutes) was designed to minimize aliasing by occasional large ocean swell orbital motions Description of WHOTS-19 Mooring , and therefore are not the source of these speeds in the data. These significant vertical speeds are possibly fish swimming in the beams based on the histograms of the partially cleaned data; depth cells with an absolute value of vertical velocity greater than 0.3𝑚𝑠−1were flagged. 7. A quality control routine known as ‘edgers’ identifies outliers in surface bins using a five-point median differencing method. The median velocity from surface bins was calculated for each ensemble, and then a five-point running median of the surface bin median was calculated. This last median was then compared to individual velocity observations in the surface bins, and those differing by greater than 0.48𝑚𝑠−1were flagged. 8. A 5-pole low pass Butterworth filter with a cutoff frequency of 0.25𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 was used upon the time-series’ length to isolate low-frequency flow for each bin independently. The low-frequency flow is then subtracted, giving a time series of high-frequency velocity component fluctuations for each bin. Data points were considered outliers when their values exceeded four standard deviations from the mean (for each bin) and were removed. 9. A median residual filter used a 7-point (70 minutes) median differencing method to define velocity fluctuations. A 7-point running median is calculated for each bin independently, and the result is subtracted out, giving time series of variations relative to the running median. Outliers higher than four standard deviations from the mean of the 7 points are flagged and removed for each bin. 10. Meticulous verification of all the quality control routines was performed through visual inspections of the quality-controlled velocity data. Two methods were utilized; time-series of u and v components for multiple bins were evaluated, and individual vertical profiles. The time-series methodology involved inspecting u and v components separately, five bins at a time, over 600 ensembles (100 hours). Any instance showing one bin behaving erratically from the other four bins was investigated further. If it seemed that there could be no reasonable rationale for the erratic points from the identified bin, the points were flagged. The intent of the inspection of vertical profiles of u and v components was to find entire profiles that were not aligned with neighboring profiles. Thirty u and v profiles were stacked at a time and were visually inspected for any anomalous data. 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 46 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 5.20: Histogram of the vertical velocity of the 300 kHz ADCP for raw data (top panel) and enlarged for clarity (upper middle panel), and partial quality controlled data (lower middle panel) and enlarged for clarity (bottom). 5.2. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler 47 6 Results During the WHOTS-19 mooring deployment on 17 June 2023, synoptic charts showed a pronounced high-pressure ridge to the north of the Hawaiian Islands. The resulting pressure gradient sustained moderate easterly trade winds that strengthened slightly over the course of the cruise, averaging 15–16 kt during the deployment window. Skies remained clear, no measurable precipitation was recorded, and only small short-period wind waves were observed. Surface current measurements indicated a westward flow of approximately 0.5 kt. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data revealed a predominantly northwestward current throughout the upper 200 m, consistent with an elevated sea-surface height field north of Station ALOHA. Superimposed upon this background flow were strong semidiurnal and diurnal internal tides and near-inertial oscillations, producing pronounced vertical shear. Hydrographic profiles collected near the WHOTS-18 buoy (Station 52) (Fig. 6.1–Fig. 6.3) documented a mixed layer roughly 40 dbar deep and a subsurface salinity maximum centred between 130 dbar and 150 dbar. CTD casts near the WHOTS-19 buoy (Station 50) were aborted following CTD modulo errors that indicated intermittent deck-unit communication problems. Conditions during the subsequent WHOTS-19 recovery and WHOTS-20 deployment on 16 June 2024 were more energetic. The same high-pressure ridge persisted, but trade-wind speeds peaked near 22 kt at the start of operations before easing to about 7 kt by cruise end; clear skies again prevailed and no rainfall was recorded. A 1.5–2 m swell propagated from the north-northwest. Near-surface currents reached almost 1 kt toward the north-northwest, and ADCP observations showed this flow extending through at least the upper 300 m, once more coincident with elevated sea level north of the mooring. Internal semidiurnal and diurnal tidal constituents, together with near-inertial motions, generated substantial vertical shear throughout the upper-ocean velocity field. Pre-recovery CTD casts adjacent to the WHOTS-19 buoy (Station 50) (Fig. 6.4-Fig. 6.6) recorded a slightly deeper mixed layer of roughly 50 dbar and a sharper, shallower subsurface salinity maximum near 60 dbar. CTD casts were also performed near the WHOTS-20 buoy (Station 52) (Fig. 6.7–Fig. 6.8) Hourly temperature and salinity from the sixteen MicroCAT recorders (sampling depths 1.5–155 m) reveal a coherent seasonal thermohaline signal modulated by two prominent anomalies. In the upper 25 m the mixed-layer temperature increased quasi-linearly from 25 °C in June 2023 to a late-October maximum of 27.2 °C, then decreased at roughly 0.06 °Cd1to a February–March 2024 minimum of 23 °C, recovering to ~24 °C by June 2024 (Fig. 6.13). The amplitude of this seasonal cycle attenuates with depth—from 3.4 °C at 40 m to 1.4 °C at 155 m—and the timing of extrema lags downward at an average phase speed of 3 md1, indicating vertical propagation of the annual harmonic and intermittent mixing events (Fig. 6.14,Fig. 6.15,Fig. 6.16). Salinity lacks a simple annual cycle but is dominated by two events centered between 40 m and 85 m (Fig. 6.18, Fig. 6.19). First, from August to November 2023 a high-salinity intrusion raised values by 0.30–0.45 to a peak of 35.35, with only weak expression in the surface layer and little signal below 120 m. The vertical structure and timing suggest lateral advection of the subtropical surface-salinity maximum followed by subduction into the upper pycnocline. Second, in May2024 all instruments above 25 m registered a rapid freshening to 34.7–34.8, while the 75 m sensor fell by <0.05. Although no concurrent meteorological record is available to attribute a single cause, the timing and shallow vertical extent imply an episodic surface-buoyancy input—most likely a combination of rainfall and diminished wind mixing. Superimposed on these large-scale anomalies are shorter (2–4 d) fresh pulses in July 2023 and February 2024 that penetrated to ~95 m, probably arising from convective overturning during brief trade-wind relaxations. 54 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Taken together, the late-summer temperature maximum coupled with a salinity increase, followed by winter cooling and a spring freshening, underscores the seasonal interplay between local buoyancy forcing and mesoscale advection near Station ALOHA. Below 120 m both variables remain comparatively steady, confirming that the MicroCAT array spans the actively ventilated layer yet resides above the potential-density surface 𝜎𝜃 ≈26.4that caps intermediate-water formation in the central North Pacific. Figures Fig. 6.25–Fig. 6.27 synthesize twenty years of WHOTS SeaCAT/MicroCAT observations into depth–time and density frameworks that together delineate the evolving thermohaline structure of the upper 150 m at Station ALOHA. The temperature section (upper panel of Fig. 6.25) exhibits a robust seasonal cycle: near-surface waters warm to 26–28 °C every boreal summer and cool to 18–22 °C each winter, the annual amplitude diminishing below 120 m. In contrast, the salinity section (lower panel of Fig. 6.25) is dominated by multi-year modulation of the subsurface salinity maximum centred between 40 m and 90 m. Salinity hovered near 34.8–35.0 g kg1from 2005 to 2008, increased episodically to 35.4 g kg1during 2009–2015, declined sharply to minima of 34.4 g kg1 in 2019–2020, and rebounded above 35.3 g kg1after 2021, occasionally shoaling to the upper 20 m in late 2022. When replotted in density space (Fig. 6.27) these excursions collapse onto a narrow isopycnal envelope, with the salinity maximum persistently occupying 24.0 𝜎𝜃 24.5 kg m3and the salinity minimum constrained by 𝜎𝜃 25.0 kg m3. The fact that warm–fresh and cool–salty anomalies manifest primarily as vertical displacements of isopycnals, rather than changes in their absolute value, indicates a tight thermohaline compensation that maintains nearly constant density—a signature of mode-water formation and lateral subduction in the subtropical gyre. Although alternating highand low-salinity phases punctuate the record, the combined panels reveal no monotonic trend in either temperature or salinity over the 2004–2024 interval. The near-bottom record (4665 m) from the two WHOTS-19 MicroCATs tracks the abyssal variability observed 74 m deeper at the ALOHA Cabled Observatory (ACO; 4739 m) with remarkable fidelity in both potential temperature and salinity (Fig. 6.28). From June to mid-November 2023 potential temperature climbed gradually from 1.110°C to 1.116°C , after which three discrete cooling events are evident: a sharp drop of 0.008 °C in mid-December, a briefer decrease of 0.004 °C in early February, and a smaller excursion in late May 2024. Each temperature minimum recorded by the MicroCAT pair is mirrored—within measurement noise—by the daily-averaged ACO series, indicating that the signals represent regional abyssal water-mass intrusions rather than mooring-specific artifacts. Salinity exhibits synchronous structure on the order of 10−3𝑔𝑘𝑔−1. A slow freshening of 0.001𝑔𝑘𝑔−1spans June–December 2023, followed by episodic salinity increases that coincide with the December, February, and May cold pulses, and a return toward the June baseline by the end of the record. The consistent phase relationship—cooler water arriving with slightly higher salinity—supports the interpretation of these features as propagating deep-water anomalies previously documented at Station ALOHA [Lukas et al., 2001], now routinely monitored by ACO instrumentation [Howe et al., 2011]. The close correspondence between the WHOTS MicroCATs and the ACO series demonstrates that the WHOTS mooring, although ~6 nmi to the south, resolves the same abyssal variability and thus provides a reliable, independent measure of deep-water changes in the region. Fig. 6.31 through Fig. 6.33 shows the time series of the zonal, meridional, and vertical currents recorded with the moored ADCPs during the WHOTS-19 deployment. Fig. 6.29 presents a two-decade perspective (WHOTS-1 through WHOTS-19) on the zonal (u), meridional (v), and vertical (w) velocity fields measured by the mooring–mounted ADCPs. Despite several multi-month data gaps—most noticeably between late 2008 and early 2010—the zonal and meridional sections reveal pronounced mesoscale variability. Alternating bands of eastward (red) and westward (blue) flow, and their north-/south-flow counterparts, coincide with the passage of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies that regularly cross Station ALOHA. Superimposed on this eddy background are shorter episodes of persistent flow anomalies; the energetic eastward burst during 2007–2008 is a prominent example.The vertical-velocity panel highlights a transition in signal amplitude near 47 m. Above this depth the 600 kHz ADCP (mounted at 47.5 m) records comparatively small vertical excursions, whereas below 50 m the 300 kHz instrument (mounted at 126 m) registers larger upward and downward motions—consistent with greater tilt of the deeper instrument and the larger orbital displacements induced by surface swell at that depth. A direct mooring–shipboard comparison was impossible during the WHOTS-19 recovery cruise because CTD casts at the buoy were aborted after module errors; the first post-redeployment check therefore came on the WHOTS-20 deployment cruise, where the zonal and meridional velocity sections from the OS75 shipboard ADCP and the co-located WH-300 moored ADCP (see Fig. 6.34 and Fig. 6.35) show nearly identical alternating flows throughout 30–130 m, with typical differences < 0.05 m s1and small phase shifts that reflect the ~3–4 km ship-to-buoy separation and unfiltered mooring knock-down; discrepancies are largest in the wave-affected upper 15–20 m and below ~100 m where signal-to-noise declines. Complementary profile-by-profile comparisons for the five HOT cruises (HOT-343 – 347) in Fig. 6.36 –Fig. 6.37 confirm this performance: across both the 300 kHz and 600 kHz 55 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 moored instruments, biases generally remain within ±0.03–0.07 m s1, reinforcing that the WHOTS-20 velocity array is operating well within expected uncertainty bounds. Fig. 6.39 shows the WHOTS-19 buoy meandering within roughly ±0.05 °(5 km) of its nominal anchor point at 22 °46.002 N, 157 °53.768 W. High-frequency wiggles—most evident as closely spaced oscillations through the record—reflect diurnal (K1) and semidiurnal (M2) tidal forcing, while broader excursions in November 2023 and February–April 2024 are consistent with episodic eddy advection. Periods when the buoy drifts farthest from the anchor coincide with larger ADCP tilt values (Fig. 6.41}), as the mooring line steepens when the surface package is displaced, confirming the expected coupling between horizontal offset and instrument inclination. 6.1 CTD Profiling Data Profiles of temperature, salinity, and potential density (𝜎𝜃) from the casts obtained during the WHOTS-19 deployment cruise are presented in Fig. 6.1 through Fig. 6.4, together with the results of bottle determination of salinity. Fig. 6.4 through Fig. 6.8 shows the results of the CTD profiles during the WHOTS-20 cruise. 6.2 Thermosalinograph Data Underway measurements of near-surface temperature and salinity from the thermosalinograph (TSG) system on board the R/V Oscar Sette cruise are presented in Fig. 6.9 and navigational data is shown in Fig. 6.10 for the WHOTS-19 cruise. TSG and navigational data during the WHOTS-20 cruise, on board the R/V Oscar Sette, are presented in Fig. 6.11 and Fig. 6.12, respectively. Note that the WHOTS-20 displayed temperature is from the internal TSG sensor, and it does not represent the near-surface temperature. The remote temperature sensor on the ship Oscar Elton Sette was not functional during this cruise. 6.3 MicroCAT Data The temperatures measured by MicroCATs during the mooring deployment for WHOTS-19 are presented in Fig. 6.13 through Fig. 6.16 for each of the depths where the instruments were located. The salinities are plotted in Fig. 6.17 through Fig. 6.20. The potential densities (𝜎𝜃) are plotted in Fig. 6.21 through Fig. 6.24. Contoured plots of temperature and salinity as a function of depth for the deployments WHOTS-1 through -19 are presented in Fig. 6.25, and contoured plots of potential density (𝜎𝜃) as a function of depth are in Fig. 6.26, and of salinity as a function of 𝜎𝜃 are in Fig. 6.27. The potential temperature (𝜃) and salinity measured by the deep MicroCATs during the mooring deployment are shown in Fig. 6.28. Also shown in the plot are the 𝜃and salinity data obtained with a MicroCAT (SBE-37) installed in the ALOHA Cabled Observatory, about six nautical miles north from the WHOTS-19 anchor. The instrument is located 2 m above the bottom. 6.4 Moored ADCP Data 6.4.1 Long-term variability The velocity climatology in Fig. 6.29 spans nearly two decades of WHOTS moorings. Alternating eastward and westward zonal currents dominate the upper 60m and, during energetic intervals, penetrate to 100m. Two regime shifts are evident: (1)2009–2011, when an instrument replacement and brief data gap coincide with a marked reduction in eastward flow; and (2)2018 to the present, when stronger, more coherent eastward episodes re-emerge and are accompanied by enhanced downward motion below 40m. The meridional record exhibits comparable inter-annual structure, with sustained northward anomalies in 2006–2007, 2013–2015, and 2020–2022, bracketed by southward phases. 6.1. CTD Profiling Data 56 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.1: [Upper left panel] Profiles of CTD temperature, salinity, and potential density (𝜎𝜃) as a function of pressure, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-19 cruise. [Upper right panel] Profiles of CTD salinity as a function of potential temperature, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-19 cruise. [Lower left panel] Same as in the upper left panel, but for station 52 cast 1. [Lower right panel] Same as in the upper right panel, but station 52 cast 1. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 57 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.2: [Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.1, but for station 52, cast 2. [Lower panels] Same as Fig. 6.1, but for station 52, cast 3. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 58 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.3: [Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.1, but for station 54, cast 4. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 59 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.4: [Upper left panel] Profiles of CTD temperature, salinity, and potential density (𝜎𝜃) as a function of pressure, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-20 cruise. [Upper right panel] Profiles of CTD salinity as a function of potential temperature, including discrete bottle salinity samples (when available) for station 20 cast 1 during the WHOTS-20 cruise. [Lower left panel] Same as in the upper left panel, but for station 50 cast 1. [Lower right panel] Same as in the upper right panel, but station 50 cast 1. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 60 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.5: Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 2.[Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 3. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 61 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.6: Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 4.[Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 50, cast 5. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 62 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.7: Upper panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 52, cast 1. [Lower panels] Same as in Fig. 6.4, but for station 52, cast 2. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 63 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.14: Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 70 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.15: Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 71 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.16: Same as in Fig. 6.13, but at 105, 120, 135, and 155 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 72 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.17: Salinities from MicroCATs during WHOTS-19 deployment at 1.5, 7, 15, and 25 m 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 73 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.18: Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 74 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.19: Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 75 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.20: Same as in Fig. 6.17, but at 105, 120, 135, and 155 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 76 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.21: Potential densities (𝜎𝜃) from MicroCATs during WHOTS-19 deployment at 1.5, 7, 15, and 25 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 77 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.22: Same as in Fig. 6.21, but at 40, 45, 50, and 55 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 78 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.23: Same as in Fig. 6.21, but at 65, 75, 85, and 95 m. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 79 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.29: Depth–time contours of (top) zonal, (middle) meridional, and (bottom) vertical velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) measured by moored ADCPs during WHOTS-1 through WHOTS-19 (2004–2024). 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 86 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.30: Same as Fig. 6.29, but restricted to the WHOTS-19 deployment (June 2023 – June 2024). 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 87 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.31: Staggered time series of zonal velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) for each depth bin of the WHOTS-19 600kHz (top) and 300kHz (bottom) ADCPs. Curves are vertically offset by 0.5𝑚 𝑠−1; bin depths are annotated at right. Fig. 6.32: As in Fig. 6.31, but for meridional velocity. 6.4. Moored ADCP Data 88 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.33: As in Fig. 6.31, but for vertical velocity. 6.5 Next Generation Vector Measuring Current Meter Data (VMCM) Time-series of daily mean horizontal velocity components for the VMCM current meters deployed during WHOTS19 at 10 m and 30 m depths are presented in Fig. 6.38. The plots show the zonal and meridional velocity components for each depth, highlighting the variability in both east-west and north-south flows. At 10 m depth the zonal velocity begins with a pronounced westward episode of about 0.40 𝑚 𝑠−1in July–August 2023, weakens to near-zero by late autumn, then reverses to an eastward maximum of +0.35 to 0.40 𝑚 𝑠−1during February–March 2024 before reverting to westward flow ( 0.30 𝑚 𝑠−1) in April. The meridional component at the same depth is primarily northward through summer–autumn (+0.20 𝑚 𝑠−1), turns southward in January–February (0.15 to 0.20 𝑚 𝑠−1), and rebounds to strong northward bursts of +0.25 to 0.35 𝑚 𝑠−1in April. At 30 m depth the pattern is similar but slightly muted. Zonal speeds range from about 0.30 𝑚 𝑠−1(July–August) to +0.35 𝑚 𝑠−1(February–March), implying a ~15 % reduction in amplitude relative to 10 m. Meridional speeds vary between 0.15 𝑚 𝑠−1(early winter) and +0.30 𝑚 𝑠−1(April), again mirroring the surface layer but with smoother transitions. The coherent phase evolution between 10 m and 30 m indicates that the dominant horizontal current structures span at least the upper 30 m, while the modest attenuation with depth points to shear confined largely above 40 m. 6.6 GPS Data The GPS record (see Fig. 6.39) documents the horizontal displacement of the WHOTS-19 surface buoy relative to its charted anchor position at 22 °46.002 N, 157 °53.768 W. Throughout the 11-month deployment the float remained within a watch circle of 6.3 km radius, thereby satisfying the positional tolerance prescribed for WHOTS operations. The time series is centred on 22.778 °N and exhibits three episodes of enhanced meridional drift. A modest southward excursion in late August–early September 2023 was followed by the largest northward anomaly 22.832 °N, or 5.5 km from the mean—between mid-October and mid-November 2023. A third interval of sustained northward displacement commenced in early February 2024 and persisted until recovery, with daily values stabilising near 22.810 °N. These anomalies coincide with periods of intensified wind stress and mesoscale eddy activity identified 6.5. Next Generation Vector Measuring Current Meter Data (VMCM) 89 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.34: Zonal velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) from the shipboard 75kHz ADCP (top) and the WHOTS-19 moored 300kHz ADCP (bottom) versus depth and day-of-year during the WHOTS-19 recovery / WHOTS-20 deployment cruise. Black bars mark CTD rosette operations. 6.6. GPS Data 90 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.35: Meridional velocity (𝑚 𝑠−1) from the same cruise and instruments as Fig. 6.34. Solid–dashed bars denote CTD deployment periods. 6.6. GPS Data 91 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.36: Mean current profiles during shipboard ADCP (cyan: zonal, magenta: meridional) versus moored 300 kHz ADCP (blue: zonal, red: meridional) intercomparisons from HOT-343 through HOT-347. Moored minus shipboard ADCP differences shown in dotted lines (blue: zonal, red: meridional) 6.6. GPS Data 92 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.37: Mean current profiles during shipboard ADCP (cyan: zonal, magenta: meridional) versus moored 600 kHz ADCP (blue: zonal, red: meridional) intercomparisons from HOT-343 through HOT-347. Moored minus shipboard ADCP differences shown in dotted lines (blue: zonal, red: meridional) 6.6. GPS Data 93 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 Fig. 6.38: Horizontal velocity data (𝑚𝑠−1) during WHOTS-19 from the VMCMs at 10 m depth (first and second panel) and at 30 m depth (third and fourth panel) 6.6. GPS Data 94 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 in the concurrent ADCP record. Longitudinal positions cluster about 157.900 °W and range from 157.872 °W to 157.950 °W. The most pronounced westward shift (6.0 km) occurred on 11 January 2024, contemporaneous with the mid-winter southward latitude dip, whereas the largest eastward displacement (4.3 km) coincided with the October–November meridional peak. The close phasing between meridional and zonal anomalies indicates that the surface buoy responded coherently to the same forcing mechanisms—principally seasonal trade-wind surges and passing meso-scale eddies. The WHOTS-19 surface float remained well within the operational watch circle, and the rapid relaxation of extreme excursions attests to the integrity of the mooring configuration under episodic atmospheric and oceanic forcing. Fig. 6.39: GPS Latitude (upper panel) and longitude (lower panel) time series from the WHOTS-19 deployment. Variance-preserving power spectra of the Xeos-GPS latitude and longitude series are presented in Fig. 6.40. Both spectra display a red-noise behaviour: spectral density declines quasi-monotonically from the sub-mesoscale band (10−2–10−1d−1) toward the inertial and tidal frequencies and reaches an instrument-noise floor of approximately 10−8deg2dat frequencies ≳4 d−1. At sub-inertial frequencies (𝑓≲0.1 d−1) the latitude spectrum contains 30–40 % more variance than the longitude spectrum, reflecting the anisotropic eddy field at the WHOTS site in which north–south displacements exceed west–east motion. The spectral slope in this band is close to −2, consistent with random-walk behaviour driven by mesoscale advection and wind forcing. Three discrete peaks rise above the red-noise continuum: Inertial band (0.7 d−1): a modest but distinct peak coincident with the local Coriolis frequency (𝜑= 22.8∘N) indicates that the surface float responds to near-inertial currents generated by episodic wind events. Diurnal tide (K1, 1.00 d−1): the dominant spectral line confirms that barotropic diurnal tides impart measurable 6.6. GPS Data 95 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <Bytes>2207744</Bytes> * <BytesFree>64376832</BytesFree> * </MemorySummary> * </StatusData> * * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606410'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>SBE56 V0.98</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>May 7 2019</FirmwareDate> * <PCBAssembly PCBID='101889'AssemblyNum='41688F'/> * <MfgDate>Feb 25 2011</MfgDate> * <PCBType>0</PCBType> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Water Temperature'> * <type>TEMP0</type> * <SerialNumber>05606410</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606410'> * <Settings * samplePeriod='60'format='1'/> * </ConfigurationData> * * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606410'> * <Calibration format='TEMP0'id='Water Temperature'> * <CalDate>2023-02-18</CalDate> * <a0>-1.381770E-03</a0> * <a1>3.686239E-04</a1> * <a2>-7.899647E-06</a2> * <a3>2.292975E-07</a3> * <OFFSET>0.000000E+00</OFFSET> * </Calibration> * </CalibrationCoefficients> * * <EventSummary DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606410'> * <EventList numEvents='0'maxStack='-2'> * </EventList> * </EventSummary> * * </InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ * ** WHOTS 19 STARBOARD 240 DEG - 80 CM BELOW DECK * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 4 # nvalues = 530257 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = timeJ: Julian Days # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C # name 3 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 1, 530257 # span 1 = 157.041667, 525.274988 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 102 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # span 2 = -0.0038, 34.3955 # span 3 = 0.000e+00, 0.000e+00 # interval = seconds: 60 # start_time = Jun 06 2023 01:00:00 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = RRatio temperature, 05606410 # datcnv_date = Jun 08 2024 18:21:57, SeatermUSB v 1.8.2 # datcnv_in = C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE56\SBE56_6410.xml # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 6239 * <?xml version="1.0"?> * <!--DeviceManager--> * <SBEDataUploadFile> * <ApplicationData> * <DeviceInterfaceAppData> * <SoftwareVersion>1.8.2</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>25-Jul-2018 07:49:42 UTC</BuildDate> * </DeviceInterfaceAppData> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606239'> * <DateTime>2024-06-08T06:44:19</DateTime> * <DelayedStart>2023-06-06T01:00:00</DelayedStart> * <EventSummary numEvents='0'/> * <Power> * <MainSupplyVoltage>3.62</MainSupplyVoltage> * </Power> * <ADCRatio> * <Ratio>7087738</Ratio> * </ADCRatio> * <Battery> * <Installed>2023-05-01T19:20:58</Installed> * <Samples>530263</Samples> * </Battery> * <MemorySummary> * <Samples>530263</Samples> * <Bytes>2207744</Bytes> * <BytesFree>64376832</BytesFree> * </MemorySummary> * </StatusData> * * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606239'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>SBE56 V0.98</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>May 7 2019</FirmwareDate> * <PCBAssembly PCBID='101723'AssemblyNum='41688F'/> * <MfgDate>Feb 25 2011</MfgDate> * <PCBType>0</PCBType> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Water Temperature'> * <type>TEMP0</type> * <SerialNumber>05606239</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 103 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606239'> * <Settings * samplePeriod='60'format='1'/> * </ConfigurationData> * * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606239'> * <Calibration format='TEMP0'id='Water Temperature'> * <CalDate>2023-02-18</CalDate> * <a0>-1.316669E-03</a0> * <a1>3.559913E-04</a1> * <a2>-7.039647E-06</a2> * <a3>2.108155E-07</a3> * <OFFSET>0.000000E+00</OFFSET> * </Calibration> * </CalibrationCoefficients> * * <EventSummary DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606239'> * <EventList numEvents='0'maxStack='-2'> * </EventList> * </EventSummary> * * </InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ * ** WHOTS 19 FORWARD 180 DEG - 80 CM BELOW DECK * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 4 # nvalues = 530263 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = timeJ: Julian Days # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C # name 3 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 1, 530263 # span 1 = 157.041667, 525.279155 # span 2 = -0.0009, 34.4112 # span 3 = 0.000e+00, 0.000e+00 # interval = seconds: 60 # start_time = Jun 06 2023 01:00:00 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = RRatio temperature, 05606239 # datcnv_date = Jun 08 2024 18:21:28, SeatermUSB v 1.8.2 # datcnv_in = C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE56\SBE56_6239.xml # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 6412 * <?xml version="1.0"?> * <!--DeviceManager--> * <SBEDataUploadFile> * <ApplicationData> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 104 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <DeviceInterfaceAppData> * <SoftwareVersion>1.8.2</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>25-Jul-2018 07:49:42 UTC</BuildDate> * </DeviceInterfaceAppData> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606412'> * <DateTime>2024-06-08T06:34:33</DateTime> * <DelayedStart>2023-06-06T01:00:00</DelayedStart> * <EventSummary numEvents='0'/> * <Power> * <MainSupplyVoltage>3.64</MainSupplyVoltage> * </Power> * <ADCRatio> * <Ratio>6927505</Ratio> * </ADCRatio> * <Battery> * <Installed>2023-05-01T19:37:26</Installed> * <Samples>530252</Samples> * </Battery> * <MemorySummary> * <Samples>530252</Samples> * <Bytes>2207232</Bytes> * <BytesFree>64377344</BytesFree> * </MemorySummary> * </StatusData> * * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606412'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>SBE56 V0.98</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>May 7 2019</FirmwareDate> * <PCBAssembly PCBID='101848'AssemblyNum='41688F'/> * <MfgDate>Feb 25 2011</MfgDate> * <PCBType>0</PCBType> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Water Temperature'> * <type>TEMP0</type> * <SerialNumber>05606412</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606412'> * <Settings * samplePeriod='60'format='1'/> * </ConfigurationData> * * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606412'> * <Calibration format='TEMP0'id='Water Temperature'> * <CalDate>2023-02-18</CalDate> * <a0>-1.289726E-03</a0> * <a1>3.514971E-04</a1> * <a2>-6.802816E-06</a2> * <a3>2.061836E-07</a3> * <OFFSET>0.000000E+00</OFFSET> * </Calibration> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 105 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * </CalibrationCoefficients> * * <EventSummary DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606412'> * <EventList numEvents='0'maxStack='-2'> * </EventList> * </EventSummary> * * </InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ * ** WHOTS 19 BOW 180 DEG - 100 CM BELOW DECK * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 4 # nvalues = 530252 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = timeJ: Julian Days # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C # name 3 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 1, 530252 # span 1 = 157.041667, 525.271516 # span 2 = -0.0031, 35.3966 # span 3 = 0.000e+00, 0.000e+00 # interval = seconds: 60 # start_time = Jun 06 2023 01:00:00 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = RRatio temperature, 05606412 # datcnv_date = Jun 08 2024 18:22:09, SeatermUSB v 1.8.2 # datcnv_in = C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE56\SBE56_6412.xml # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 6983 * <?xml version="1.0"?> * <!--DeviceManager--> * <SBEDataUploadFile> * <ApplicationData> * <DeviceInterfaceAppData> * <SoftwareVersion>1.8.2</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>25-Jul-2018 07:49:42 UTC</BuildDate> * </DeviceInterfaceAppData> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606983'> * <DateTime>2024-06-08T06:24:52</DateTime> * <DelayedStart>2000-01-01T00:00:00</DelayedStart> * <EventSummary numEvents='0'/> * <Power> * <MainSupplyVoltage>3.63</MainSupplyVoltage> * </Power> * <ADCRatio> * <Ratio>6837154</Ratio> * </ADCRatio> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 106 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <Battery> * <Installed>2000-01-01T00:00:00</Installed> * <Samples>530243</Samples> * </Battery> * <MemorySummary> * <Samples>530243</Samples> * <Bytes>2207232</Bytes> * <BytesFree>64377344</BytesFree> * </MemorySummary> * </StatusData> * * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606983'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>SBE56 V0.96</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>Feb 25 2011</FirmwareDate> * <PCBAssembly PCBID='108806'AssemblyNum='41688F'/> * <MfgDate>Feb 25 2011</MfgDate> * <PCBType>0</PCBType> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Water Temperature'> * <type>TEMP0</type> * <SerialNumber>05606983</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606983'> * <Settings * samplePeriod='60'format='1'/> * </ConfigurationData> * * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606983'> * <Calibration format='TEMP0'id='Water Temperature'> * <CalDate>2023-02-18</CalDate> * <a0>-1.268043E-03</a0> * <a1>3.490084E-04</a1> * <a2>-6.664759E-06</a2> * <a3>2.024966E-07</a3> * <OFFSET>0.000000E+00</OFFSET> * </Calibration> * </CalibrationCoefficients> * * <EventSummary DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05606983'> * <EventList numEvents='0'maxStack='-2'> * </EventList> * </EventSummary> * * </InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ * ** WHOTS 19 BOW 180 DEG - 110 CM BELOW DECK * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 4 # nvalues = 530243 # units = specified (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 107 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = timeJ: Julian Days # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C # name 3 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 1, 530243 # span 1 = 157.041667, 525.265266 # span 2 = 0.0280, 34.3724 # span 3 = 0.000e+00, 0.000e+00 # interval = seconds: 60 # start_time = Jun 06 2023 01:00:00 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = RRatio temperature, 05606983 # datcnv_date = Jun 08 2024 18:22:20, SeatermUSB v 1.8.2 # datcnv_in = C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE56\SBE56_6983.xml # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 7211 * <?xml version="1.0"?> * <!--DeviceManager--> * <SBEDataUploadFile> * <ApplicationData> * <DeviceInterfaceAppData> * <SoftwareVersion>1.8.2</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>25-Jul-2018 07:49:42 UTC</BuildDate> * </DeviceInterfaceAppData> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05607211'> * <DateTime>2024-06-08T06:48:31</DateTime> * <DelayedStart>2023-06-06T01:00:00</DelayedStart> * <EventSummary numEvents='0'/> * <Power> * <MainSupplyVoltage>3.67</MainSupplyVoltage> * </Power> * <ADCRatio> * <Ratio>7122864</Ratio> * </ADCRatio> * <Battery> * <Installed>2023-05-01T19:36:24</Installed> * <Samples>530267</Samples> * </Battery> * <MemorySummary> * <Samples>530267</Samples> * <Bytes>2207744</Bytes> * <BytesFree>64376832</BytesFree> * </MemorySummary> * </StatusData> * * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05607211'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>SBE56 V0.98</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>May 7 2019</FirmwareDate> * <PCBAssembly PCBID='112206'AssemblyNum='41688F'/> * <MfgDate>Feb 25 2011</MfgDate> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 108 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <PCBType>0</PCBType> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Water Temperature'> * <type>TEMP0</type> * <SerialNumber>05607211</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05607211'> * <Settings * samplePeriod='60'format='1'/> * </ConfigurationData> * * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05607211'> * <Calibration format='TEMP0'id='Water Temperature'> * <CalDate>2023-02-18</CalDate> * <a0>-1.394984E-03</a0> * <a1>3.594659E-04</a1> * <a2>-6.970733E-06</a2> * <a3>2.124364E-07</a3> * <OFFSET>0.000000E+00</OFFSET> * </Calibration> * </CalibrationCoefficients> * * <EventSummary DeviceType='SBE56'SerialNumber='05607211'> * <EventList numEvents='0'maxStack='-2'> * </EventList> * </EventSummary> * * </InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ * ** WHOTS 19 PORT 120 DEG - 80 CM BELOW DECK * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 4 # nvalues = 530267 # units = specified # name 0 = scan: Scan Count # name 1 = timeJ: Julian Days # name 2 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C # name 3 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 1, 530267 # span 1 = 157.041667, 525.281933 # span 2 = -0.0033, 35.3820 # span 3 = 0.000e+00, 0.000e+00 # interval = seconds: 60 # start_time = Jun 06 2023 01:00:00 # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # sensor 0 = RRatio temperature, 05607211 # datcnv_date = Jun 08 2024 18:22:30, SeatermUSB v 1.8.2 # datcnv_in = C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE56\SBE56_7211.xml # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 109 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3382 * Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: * FileName = C:\Users\danfi\Desktop\whots-19_mcats\w19_015m_3382.asc * Software Version 1.59 * Temperature SN = 3382 * Conductivity SN = 3382 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 11 2024 00:14:29 ** whots-19 ** 15m * ds * SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO. 3382 06-11-2024 00:13:21 * not logging: received stop command * sample interval = 180 seconds * samplenumber = 174243, free = 58773 * do not transmit real-time data * output salinity with each sample * do not output sound velocity with each sample * store time with each sample * number of samples to average = 4 * reference pressure = 15.0 db * serial sync mode disabled * wait time after serial sync sampling = 30 seconds * internal pump not installed * temperature = 19.73 deg C * S> * SBE37-SM V 2.6b 3382 * temperature: 14-apr-23 * TA0 = -1.641162e-05 * TA1 = 2.809134e-04 * TA2 = -2.678836e-06 * TA3 = 1.658588e-07 * conductivity: 14-apr-23 * G = -1.015468e+00 * H = 1.414975e-01 * I = -1.302092e-04 * J = 3.535856e-05 * CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 * CTCOR = 3.250000e-06 * WBOTC = -6.932923e-06 * rtc: 14-apr-23 * RTCA0 = 9.999800e-01 * RTCA1 = 1.786062e-06 * RTCA2 = -3.301592e-08 * S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 6892 * Sea-Bird SBE37SM-RS232 Data File: * FileName = C:\Users\Jefrey\Documents\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_007m_6892.hex * Software version SeatermV2 2.8.0.119 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 110 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * Temperature SN = 6892 * Conductivity SN = 6892 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 08 2024 09:39:21 * sample interval = 75 seconds * <ApplicationData> * <Seaterm232> * <SoftwareVersion>2.8.0.119</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>07-Nov-2018</BuildDate> * </Seaterm232> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03706892'> * * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.</Manufacturer> * * <FirmwareVersion>3.1</FirmwareVersion> * * <FirmwareDate>Jan 20 2012 17:33:01</FirmwareDate> * * <PCBAssembly>41647</PCBAssembly> * * <PCBAssembly>41610B</PCBAssembly> * * <PCBAssembly>41611D</PCBAssembly> * * <MfgDate>16 Mar 2009</MfgDate> * * <FirmwareLoader>SBE 37 FirmwareLoader V 1.0</FirmwareLoader> * * <InternalSensors> * * <Sensor id='Temperature'> * * <type>temperature-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03706892</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * <Sensor id='Conductivity'> * * <type>conductivity-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03706892</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * <Sensor id='Pressure'> * * <type>strain-0</type> * * <SerialNumber>2651324</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * </InternalSensors> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 111 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3381 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\18082\Desktop\WHOTS-19_mcats\w19_040m_3381_redownload.asc *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =3381 *Conductivity SN =3381 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 14 2024 22:52:39 ** whots-19 ** 40m *ds *SBE37-SM V 2.6a SERIAL NO.3381 06-14-2024 22:51:54 *not logging: received stop command *sample interval =180 seconds *samplenumber =172866, free =60150 *do not transmit real-time data *output salinity with each sample *do not output sound velocity with each sample *store time with each sample *number of samples to average =4 *reference pressure =40.0 db *serial sync mode disabled *wait time after serial sync sampling =30 seconds *internal pump not installed *temperature =20.12 deg C *S> *SBE37-SM V 2.6a3381 *temperature: 14-apr-23 *TA0 = -3.247691e-05 *TA1 =2.858018e-04 *TA2 = -2.966298e-06 *TA3 =1.760258e-07 *conductivity: 14-apr-23 *G= -1.010994e+00 *H=1.361200e-01 *I= -1.202721e-04 *J=3.127186e-05 *CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 *CTCOR =3.250000e-06 *WBOTC = -7.273084e-06 *rtc: 14-apr-23 *RTCA0 =9.999795e-01 *RTCA1 =1.763587e-06 *RTCA2 = -3.197946e-08 *S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3668 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\Jefrey\Documents\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_045m_3668.asc *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =3668 *Conductivity SN =3668 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 08 2024 03:10:09 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 118 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) ** whots-19 ** 45m *ds *SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO.3668 06-08-2024 03:08:40 *not logging: received stop command *sample interval =180 seconds *samplenumber =171871, free =18779 *do not transmit real-time data *output salinity with each sample *do not output sound velocity with each sample *store time with each sample *number of samples to average =4 *serial sync mode disabled *wait time after serial sync sampling =30 seconds *internal pump not installed *temperature =22.92 deg C *S> *SBE37-SM V 2.6b3668 *temperature: 14-apr-23 *TA0 = -1.672365e-04 *TA1 =3.004901e-04 *TA2 = -3.860882e-06 *TA3 =1.903495e-07 *conductivity: 14-apr-23 *G= -1.035126e+00 *H=1.343027e-01 *I= -7.020420e-05 *J=2.705898e-05 *CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 *CTCOR =3.250000e-06 *WBOTC = -1.218318e-05 *pressure S/N5579,range =1450 psia: 18-apr-23 *PA0 = -1.426169e-01 *PA1 =6.859640e-02 *PA2 = -2.686288e-09 *PTCA0 = -1.108384e+03 *PTCA1 = -2.486515e-01 *PTCA2 =7.003375e-03 *PTCSB0 =2.492287e+01 *PTCSB1 =3.750000e-04 *PTCSB2 =0.000000e+00 *POFFSET =0.000000e+00 *rtc: 14-apr23 *RTCA0 =9.999746e-01 *RTCA1 =1.727574e-06 *RTCA2 = -3.404602e-08 *S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3619 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\danfi\Desktop\whots-19_mcats\w19_050m_3619.asc (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 119 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =3619 *Conductivity SN =3619 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 11 2024 00:20:21 ** whots-19 ** 50m *ds *SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO.3619 06-11-2024 00:19:06 *not logging: received stop command *sample interval =180 seconds *samplenumber =174245, free =58771 *do not transmit real-time data *output salinity with each sample *do not output sound velocity with each sample *store time with each sample *number of samples to average =4 *reference pressure =50.0 db *serial sync mode disabled *wait time after serial sync sampling =30 seconds *internal pump not installed *temperature =20.00 deg C *S> *SBE37-SM V 2.6b3619 *temperature: 18-apr-23 *TA0 = -1.251457e-04 *TA1 =2.839028e-04 *TA2 = -2.620611e-06 *TA3 =1.569759e-07 *conductivity: 18-apr-23 *G= -9.946066e-01 *H=1.356605e-01 *I= -6.729854e-05 *J=2.731227e-05 *CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 *CTCOR =3.250000e-06 *WBOTC = -8.184573e-06 *rtc: 18-apr-23 *RTCA0 =9.999782e-01 *RTCA1 =1.690207e-06 *RTCA2 = -3.328952e-08 *S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3620 * Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: * FileName = C:\Users\18082\Desktop\WHOTS-19_mcats\w19_055m_3620.asc * Software Version 1.59 * Temperature SN = 3620 * Conductivity SN = 3620 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 11 2024 00:02:11 ** whots-19 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 120 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) ** 55m * ds * SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO. 3620 06-11-2024 00:01:23 * not logging: received stop command * sample interval = 180 seconds * samplenumber = 174240, free = 58776 * transmit real-time data * output salinity with each sample * do not output sound velocity with each sample * store time with each sample * number of samples to average = 4 * reference pressure = 55.0 db * serial sync mode disabled * wait time after serial sync sampling = 30 seconds * internal pump not installed * temperature = 19.91 deg C * S> * SBE37-SM V 2.6b 3620 * temperature: 14-apr-23 * TA0 = -5.229356e-05 * TA1 = 2.839673e-04 * TA2 = -2.957658e-06 * TA3 = 1.706467e-07 * conductivity: 14-apr-23 * G = -1.011294e+00 * H = 1.367751e-01 * I = -1.074528e-04 * J = 2.917739e-05 * CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 * CTCOR = 3.250000e-06 * WBOTC = -1.068942e-05 * rtc: 14-apr-23 * RTCA0 = 9.999726e-01 * RTCA1 = 1.710818e-06 * RTCA2 = -3.067796e-08 * S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3621 * Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: * FileName = C:\Users\18082\Desktop\WHOTS-19_mcats\w19_065m_3621.asc * Software Version 1.59 * Temperature SN = 3621 * Conductivity SN = 3621 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 10 2024 23:57:22 ** whots-19 ** 65m * ds * SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO. 3621 10 Jun 2024 23:56:24 * not logging: received stop command * sample interval = 180 seconds * samplenumber = 174238, free = 58778 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 121 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * do not transmit real-time data * output salinity with each sample * do not output sound velocity with each sample * store time with each sample * number of samples to average = 4 * reference pressure = 65.0 db * serial sync mode disabled * wait time after serial sync sampling = 30 seconds * internal pump not installed * temperature = 20.08 deg C * S> * SBE37-SM V 2.6b 3621 * temperature: 13-apr-23 * TA0 = -4.412578e-06 * TA1 = 2.728183e-04 * TA2 = -2.034944e-06 * TA3 = 1.476782e-07 * conductivity: 13-apr-23 * G = -1.011447e+00 * H = 1.421872e-01 * I = -8.956687e-05 * J = 2.994932e-05 * CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 * CTCOR = 3.250000e-06 * WBOTC = -1.146184e-05 * rtc: 13-apr-23 * RTCA0 = 9.999853e-01 * RTCA1 = 1.633466e-06 * RTCA2 = -3.146521e-08 * S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 9988 * Sea-Bird SBE37SM-RS232 Data File: * FileName = C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_075m_9988. ˓→hex * Software version SeatermV2 1.1j * Temperature SN = 9988 * Conductivity SN = 9988 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 07 2024 21:44:44 * sample interval = 180 seconds * <ApplicationData> * <Seaterm232> * <SoftwareVersion>1.1j</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>14-May-2012</BuildDate> * </Seaterm232> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03709988'> * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.</Manufacturer> * <FirmwareVersion>3.1</FirmwareVersion> * <FirmwareDate>Jan 20 2012 17:33:01</FirmwareDate> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 122 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <PCBAssembly>41647</PCBAssembly> * <PCBAssembly>41624A</PCBAssembly> * <PCBAssembly>41611D</PCBAssembly> * <MfgDate>8 Aug 2012</MfgDate> * <FirmwareLoader>SBE 37 FirmwareLoader V 1.0</FirmwareLoader> * <InternalSensors> * <Sensor id='Temperature'> * <type>temperature-1</type> * <SerialNumber>03709988</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * <Sensor id='Conductivity'> * <type>conductivity-1</type> * <SerialNumber>03709988</SerialNumber> * </Sensor> * </InternalSensors> * </HardwareData> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03709988'> * <DateTime>2024-06-07T20:23:33</DateTime> * <EventSummary numEvents='1'/> * <Power> * <vMain> 7.03</vMain> * <vLith> 3.15</vLith> * </Power> * <MemorySummary> * <Bytes>1727250</Bytes> * <Samples>172725</Samples> * <SamplesFree>666135</SamplesFree> * <SampleLength>10</SampleLength> * </MemorySummary> * <AutonomousSampling>no, stop command</AutonomousSampling> * </StatusData> * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03709988'> * <PressureInstalled>no</PressureInstalled> * <ReferencePressure>7.500000e+01</ReferencePressure> * <PumpInstalled>no</PumpInstalled> * <SampleDataFormat>converted engineering</SampleDataFormat> * <OutputSalinity>yes</OutputSalinity> * <OutputSV>no</OutputSV> * <TxRealTime>no</TxRealTime> * <SampleInterval>180</SampleInterval> * <SyncMode>no</SyncMode> * </ConfigurationData> * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03709988'> * <Calibration format='TEMP1'id='Temperature'> * <SerialNum>03709988</SerialNum> * <CalDate>14-Apr-23</CalDate> * <A0>-5.159456e-05</A0> * <A1>2.990909e-04</A1> * <A2>-4.019862e-06</A2> * <A3>1.901382e-07</A3> * </Calibration> * <Calibration format='WBCOND0'id='Conductivity'> * <SerialNum>03709988</SerialNum> * <CalDate>14-Apr-23</CalDate> * <G>-9.806384e-01</G> * <H>1.494975e-01</H> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 123 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <I>-2.419426e-04</I> * <J>4.167856e-05</J> * <PCOR>-9.570000e-08</PCOR> * <TCOR>3.250000e-06</TCOR> * <WBOTC>1.950041e-07</WBOTC> * </Calibration> * </CalibrationCoefficients> * <EventCounters DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03709988'> * <EventSummary numEvents='1'/> * <Event type='PON reset'count='1'/> * </EventCounters></InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ ** Cruise WHOTS-19 ** depth 075m * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 5 # nvalues = 172725 # units = specified # name 0 = cond0S/m: Conductivity [S/m] # name 1 = tv290C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C] # name 2 = prM: Pressure [db] # name 3 = timeJV2: Time, Instrument [julian days] # name 4 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = -0.000029, 5.570318 # span 1 = 0.0666, 31.0193 # span 2 = 75.000, 75.000 # span 3 = 165.000000, 524.841667 # span 4 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00 # interval = seconds: 180 # start_time = Jun 14 2023 00:00:00 [Instrument's time stamp, first data scan] # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # <Sensors count="2" > # <sensor Channel="1" > # <!-- Count, Temperature --> # <TemperatureSensor SensorID="58" > # <SerialNumber>9988</SerialNumber> # <CalibrationDate>14-Apr-23</CalibrationDate> # <A0>-5.15945600e-005</A0> # <A1>2.99090900e-004</A1> # <A2>-4.01986200e-006</A2> # <A3>1.90138200e-007</A3> # <Slope>1.00000000</Slope> # <Offset>0.0000</Offset> # </TemperatureSensor> # </sensor> # <sensor Channel="2" > # <!-- Frequency 0, Conductivity --> # <ConductivitySensor SensorID="3" > # <SerialNumber>9988</SerialNumber> # <CalibrationDate>14-Apr-23</CalibrationDate> # <UseG_J>1</UseG_J> # <!-- Cell const and series R are applicable only for wide range sensors. --> # <SeriesR>0.0000</SeriesR> # <CellConst>2000.0000</CellConst> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 124 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # <ConductivityType>1</ConductivityType> # <Coefficients equation="0" > # <A>0.00000000e+000</A> # <B>0.00000000e+000</B> # <C>0.00000000e+000</C> # <D>0.00000000e+000</D> # <M>0.0</M> # <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor> # </Coefficients> # <Coefficients equation="1" > # <G>-9.80638400e-001</G> # <H>1.49497500e-001</H> # <I>-2.41942600e-004</I> # <J>4.16785600e-005</J> # <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor> # <CTcor>3.2500e-006</CTcor> # <!-- WBOTC not applicable unless ConductivityType = 1. --> # <WBOTC>1.95004100e-007</WBOTC> # </Coefficients> # <Slope>1.00000000</Slope> # <Offset>0.00000</Offset> # </ConductivitySensor> # </sensor> # </Sensors> # datcnv_date = Jun 13 2024 14:46:29, 7.26.7.129 [datcnv_vars = 4] # datcnv_in = C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_ ˓→microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_075m_9988.hex C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\ ˓→whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_075m_ ˓→9988.xmlcon # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 4699 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\18082\Desktop\WHOTS-19_mcats\w19_085m_4699.asc *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =4699 *Conductivity SN =4699 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 10 2024 23:52:47 ** whots-19 ** 85m *ds *SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO.4699 06-10-2024 23:52:11 *not logging: received stop command *sample interval =240 seconds *samplenumber =130678, free =59972 *do not transmit real-time data *output salinity with each sample *do not output sound velocity with each sample *store time with each sample *number of samples to average =4 *serial sync mode disabled *wait time after serial sync sampling =30 seconds *internal pump not installed (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 125 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) *temperature =19.95 deg C *S> *SBE37-SM V 2.6b4699 *temperature: 18-apr-23 *TA0 = -1.013771e-04 *TA1 =3.010984e-04 *TA2 = -4.108606e-06 *TA3 =2.013147e-07 *conductivity: 18-apr-23 *G= -9.962566e-01 *H=1.536107e-01 *I= -3.242679e-04 *J=5.198756e-05 *CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 *CTCOR =3.250000e-06 *WBOTC = -5.814154e-06 *pressure S/N10209,range =1450 psia: 14-apr-23 *PA0 =9.275078e-02 *PA1 =6.895788e-02 *PA2 = -2.741533e-09 *PTCA0 = -1.988741e+02 *PTCA1 = -6.124735e-02 *PTCA2 =6.054749e-03 *PTCSB0 =2.500238e+01 *PTCSB1 = -7.250000e-04 *PTCSB2 =0.000000e+00 *POFFSET =0.000000e+00 *rtc: 18-apr-23 *RTCA0 =9.999895e-01 *RTCA1 =1.587011e-06 *RTCA2 = -2.869577e-08 *S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 3791 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\danfi\Documents\Work\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_095m_3791.asc *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =3791 *Conductivity SN =3791 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 07 2024 18:32:21 ** whots-19 ** 95m *ds *SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO.3791 08 Jun 2024 04:30:58 *not logging: received stop command *sample interval =180 seconds *samplenumber =171890, free =61126 *do not transmit real-time data *output salinity with each sample *do not output sound velocity with each sample *store time with each sample (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 126 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) *number of samples to average =4 *reference pressure =95.0 db *serial sync mode disabled *wait time after serial sync sampling =30 seconds *internal pump not installed *temperature =22.34 deg C *S> *SBE37-SM V 2.6b3791 *temperature: 13-apr-23 *TA0 =6.377279e-05 *TA1 =2.602906e-04 *TA2 = -1.044213e-06 *TA3 =1.241293e-07 *conductivity: 13-apr-23 *G= -1.017526e+00 *H=1.451710e-01 *I= -4.207883e-05 *J=2.717897e-05 *CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 *CTCOR =3.250000e-06 *WBOTC = -1.284126e-05 *rtc: 13-apr-23 *RTCA0 =9.999860e-01 *RTCA1 =1.626248e-06 *RTCA2 = -3.310045e-08 *S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 2769 *Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\danfi\Documents\Work\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_105m_2769.asc *Software Version 1.59 *Temperature SN =2769 *Conductivity SN =2769 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 07 2024 17:29:41 ** whots-19 ** 105m *ds *SBE37SM-RS232 v3.1 SERIAL NO.2769 08 Jun 2024 03:29:05 *vMain =6.99, vLith =3.24 *samplenumber =129653, free =429587 *not logging, stop command *sample interval =240 seconds *data format =converted engineering *output salinity *transmit real-time =no *sync mode =no *pump installed =no *S> *SBE37SM-RS232 V 3.1 2769 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 127 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # </sensor> # </Sensors> # datcnv_date = Jun 13 2024 14:47:27, 7.26.7.129 [datcnv_vars = 4] # datcnv_in = C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_ ˓→microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_120m_25352.hex C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\ ˓→whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_120m_ ˓→25352.xmlcon # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 25444 * Sea-Bird SBE37SM-RS232 Data File: * FileName = C:\Users\danfi\Documents\Work\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_135m_25444.hex * Software version SeatermV2 2.8.0.119 * Temperature SN = 25444 * Conductivity SN = 25444 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 07 2024 14:15:20 * sample interval = 240 seconds * <ApplicationData> * <Seaterm232> * <SoftwareVersion>2.8.0.119</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>07-Nov-2018</BuildDate> * </Seaterm232> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03725444'> * * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Scientific</Manufacturer> * * <FirmwareVersion>6.3.2</FirmwareVersion> * * <FirmwareDate>Oct 23 2020 11:20:38</FirmwareDate> * * <CommandSetVersion>1.3</CommandSetVersion> * * <PCBAssembly SerialNum='274721'AssemblyNum='41661E'/> * * <PCBAssembly SerialNum='274817'AssemblyNum='41783S'/> * * <PCBAssembly SerialNum='274822'AssemblyNum='41785C'/> * * <MfgDate>22Dec2022</MfgDate> * * <FirmwareLoader>SBE 37-232-V3 FirmwareLoader V 1.0</FirmwareLoader> * * <InternalSensors> * * <Sensor id='Temperature'> * * <type>temperature-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03725444</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 134 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <Sensor id='Conductivity'> * * <type>conductivity-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03725444</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * <Sensor id='Pressure'> * * <type>strain-0</type> * * <SerialNumber>12152941</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * </InternalSensors> * * </HardwareData> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03725444'> * * <DateTime>2024-06-07T22:44:09</DateTime> * * <EventSummary numEvents='2'/> * * <Power> * * <vMain>13.39</vMain> * * <vLith> 3.20</vLith> * * </Power> * * <MemorySummary> * * <Bytes>1943715</Bytes> * * <Samples>129581</Samples> * * <SamplesFree>429659</SamplesFree> * * <SampleLength>15</SampleLength> * * </MemorySummary> * * <AutonomousSampling>no, stop command</AutonomousSampling> * * </StatusData> * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03725444'> * * <PressureInstalled>yes</PressureInstalled> * * <SampleDataFormat>converted engineering</SampleDataFormat> * * <TemperatureUnits>Celsius</TemperatureUnits> * (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 135 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <ConductivityUnits>S/m</ConductivityUnits> * * <PressureUnits>Decibar</PressureUnits> * * <OutputTemperature>yes</OutputTemperature> * * <OutputConductivity>yes</OutputConductivity> * * <OutputPressure>yes</OutputPressure> * * <OutputSalinity>yes</OutputSalinity> * * <OutputSV>no</OutputSV> * * <OutputSC>no</OutputSC> * * <SCCoeff>0.0200</SCCoeff> * * <TxSampleNumber>no</TxSampleNumber> * * <SampleInterval>240</SampleInterval> * * <TxRealTime>no</TxRealTime> * * <SyncMode>no</SyncMode> * * <LegacyMode>no</LegacyMode> * * <CompatibleMode>no</CompatibleMode> * * </ConfigurationData> * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03725444'> * * <Calibration format='TEMP1'id='Temperature'> * * <SerialNum>03725444</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>30-Dec-22</CalDate> * * <A0>-1.463417e-04</A0> * * <A1>3.120446e-04</A1> * * <A2>-4.661027e-06</A2> * * <A3>2.055070e-07</A3> * * </Calibration> * * <Calibration format='WBCOND0'id='Conductivity'> * * <SerialNum>03725444</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>30-Dec-22</CalDate> * * <G>-1.004307e+00</G> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 136 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * * <H>1.542670e-01</H> * * <I>-3.258636e-04</I> * * <J>4.855151e-05</J> * * <PCOR>-9.570000e-08</PCOR> * * <TCOR>3.250000e-06</TCOR> * * <WBOTC>2.282282e-07</WBOTC> * * </Calibration> * * <Calibration format='STRAIN0'id='Pressure'> * * <SerialNum>12152941</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>22-Dec-22</CalDate> * * <PA0>1.338623e+00</PA0> * * <PA1>3.179865e-02</PA1> * * <PA2>-1.978555e-09</PA2> * * <PTCA0>5.246397e+05</PTCA0> * * <PTCA1>3.126805e+00</PTCA1> * * <PTCA2>-1.035617e-01</PTCA2> * * <PTCB0>2.521830e+01</PTCB0> * * <PTCB1>-1.206030e-03</PTCB1> * * <PTCB2>0.000000e+00</PTCB2> * * <PTEMPA0>-7.118709e+01</PTEMPA0> * * <PTEMPA1>5.232046e-02</PTEMPA1> * * <PTEMPA2>-7.376980e-07</PTEMPA2> * * <POFFSET>0.000000e+00</POFFSET> * * <PRANGE>1.015300e+04</PRANGE> * * </Calibration> * * </CalibrationCoefficients> * <EventCounters DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03725444'> * * <EventSummary numEvents='2'/> * (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 137 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * <Event type='PON reset'count='2'/> * * </EventCounters></InstrumentState> * <UserHeaderInsert> * <![CDATA[ ** Cruise whots-19 ** Depth 135m * ]]> * </UserHeaderInsert> # nquan = 5 # nvalues = 129581 # units = specified # name 0 = cond0S/m: Conductivity [S/m] # name 1 = tv290C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C] # name 2 = prdM: Pressure, Strain Gauge [db] # name 3 = timeJV2: Time, Instrument [julian days] # name 4 = flag: 0.000e+00 # span 0 = 0.000003, 5.342637 # span 1 = 0.5230, 31.8500 # span 2 = -1.605, 138.236 # span 3 = 165.000000, 524.944444 # span 4 = 0.0000e+00, 0.0000e+00 # interval = seconds: 240 # start_time = Jun 14 2023 00:00:00 [Instrument's time stamp, first data scan] # bad_flag = -9.990e-29 # <Sensors count="3" > # <sensor Channel="1" > # <!-- Count, Temperature --> # <TemperatureSensor SensorID="58" > # <SerialNumber>25444</SerialNumber> # <CalibrationDate>30-Dec-22</CalibrationDate> # <A0>-1.46341700e-004</A0> # <A1>3.12044600e-004</A1> # <A2>-4.66102700e-006</A2> # <A3>2.05507000e-007</A3> # <Slope>1.00000000</Slope> # <Offset>0.0000</Offset> # </TemperatureSensor> # </sensor> # <sensor Channel="2" > # <!-- Frequency 0, Conductivity --> # <ConductivitySensor SensorID="3" > # <SerialNumber>25444</SerialNumber> # <CalibrationDate>30-Dec-22</CalibrationDate> # <UseG_J>1</UseG_J> # <!-- Cell const and series R are applicable only for wide range sensors. --> # <SeriesR>0.0000</SeriesR> # <CellConst>2000.0000</CellConst> # <ConductivityType>1</ConductivityType> # <Coefficients equation="0" > # <A>0.00000000e+000</A> # <B>0.00000000e+000</B> # <C>0.00000000e+000</C> # <D>0.00000000e+000</D> # <M>0.0</M> # <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 138 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) # </Coefficients> # <Coefficients equation="1" > # <G>-1.00430700e+000</G> # <H>1.54267000e-001</H> # <I>-3.25863600e-004</I> # <J>4.85515100e-005</J> # <CPcor>-9.57000000e-008</CPcor> # <CTcor>3.2500e-006</CTcor> # <!-- WBOTC not applicable unless ConductivityType = 1. --> # <WBOTC>2.28228200e-007</WBOTC> # </Coefficients> # <Slope>1.00000000</Slope> # <Offset>0.00000</Offset> # </ConductivitySensor> # </sensor> # <sensor Channel="3" > # <!-- Count, Pressure, Strain Gauge --> # <PressureSensor SensorID="46" > # <SerialNumber>52941</SerialNumber> # <CalibrationDate>22-Dec-22</CalibrationDate> # <PA0>1.33862300e+000</PA0> # <PA1>3.17986500e-002</PA1> # <PA2>-1.97855500e-009</PA2> # <PTEMPA0>-7.11870900e+001</PTEMPA0> # <PTEMPA1>5.23204600e-002</PTEMPA1> # <PTEMPA2>-7.37698000e-007</PTEMPA2> # <PTCA0>5.24639700e+005</PTCA0> # <PTCA1>3.12680500e+000</PTCA1> # <PTCA2>-1.03561700e-001</PTCA2> # <PTCB0>2.52183000e+001</PTCB0> # <PTCB1>-1.20603000e-003</PTCB1> # <PTCB2>0.00000000e+000</PTCB2> # <Offset>0.000000</Offset> # </PressureSensor> # </sensor> # </Sensors> # datcnv_date = Jun 13 2024 14:47:46, 7.26.7.129 [datcnv_vars = 4] # datcnv_in = C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_ ˓→microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_135m_25444.hex C:\Users\santi\Documents\Work\whots\ ˓→whots19_mooring\wh19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\WHOTS-19_microcat_data\w19_135m_ ˓→25444.xmlcon # datcnv_skipover = 0 # file_type = ascii *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 4701 * Sea-Bird SBE37 Data File: * FileName = C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\WHOTS-19_recovery\w19_155m_4701_ ˓→2ndtry.asc * Software Version 1.58 * Temperature SN = 4701 * Conductivity SN = 4701 * System UpLoad Time = Jun 08 2024 03:43:54 ** whots-19 ** 155m * ds (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 139 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * SBE37-SM V 2.6b SERIAL NO. 4701 08 Jun 2024 03:42:44 * not logging: received stop command * sample interval = 240 seconds * samplenumber = 129571, free = 61079 * do not transmit real-time data * output salinity with each sample * do not output sound velocity with each sample * store time with each sample * number of samples to average = 4 * serial sync mode disabled * wait time after serial sync sampling = 30 seconds * internal pump not installed * temperature = 23.28 deg C * S> * SBE37-SM V 2.6b 4701 * temperature: 18-apr-23 * TA0 = 2.105019e-05 * TA1 = 2.749298e-04 * TA2 = -2.105408e-06 * TA3 = 1.517139e-07 * conductivity: 18-apr-23 * G = -1.006527e+00 * H = 1.486128e-01 * I = -2.362030e-05 * J = 2.769558e-05 * CPCOR = -9.570000e-08 * CTCOR = 3.250000e-06 * WBOTC = -9.383437e-06 * pressure S/N 10211, range = 1450 psia: 14-apr-23 * PA0 = -5.075048e-02 * PA1 = 6.946433e-02 * PA2 = -1.651236e-08 * PTCA0 = -1.961793e+02 * PTCA1 = -3.413052e-01 * PTCA2 = 1.479438e-02 * PTCSB0 = 2.496538e+01 * PTCSB1 = -1.925000e-03 * PTCSB2 = 0.000000e+00 * POFFSET = -6.300000e-02 * rtc: 18-apr-23 * RTCA0 = 9.999870e-01 * RTCA1 = 1.789222e-06 * RTCA2 = -3.228207e-08 * S> *END* # Metadata for Sensor Serial Number: 11381 *Sea-Bird SBE37SM-RS232 Data File: *FileName =C:\Users\Rtgra\Documents\Buoy Systems\ORS\WHOTS\W19\DATA\SBE37\SBE37_11381.hex *Software version SeatermV2 2.8.0.119 *Temperature SN =11381 (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 140 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) *Conductivity SN =11381 *System UpLoad Time =Jun 08 2024 00:14:52 *sample interval =300 seconds * <ApplicationData> * <Seaterm232> * <SoftwareVersion>2.8.0.119</SoftwareVersion> * <BuildDate>07-Nov-2018</BuildDate> * </Seaterm232> * </ApplicationData> * <InstrumentState> * <HardwareData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03711381'> * * <Manufacturer>Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.</Manufacturer> * * <FirmwareVersion>3.1</FirmwareVersion> * * <FirmwareDate>Jan 20 2012 17:33:01</FirmwareDate> * * <PCBAssembly>41647.1</PCBAssembly> * * <PCBAssembly>41610B</PCBAssembly> * * <PCBAssembly>41611D</PCBAssembly> * * <MfgDate>19-Oct-2013</MfgDate> * * <FirmwareLoader>SBE 37 FirmwareLoader V 1.0</FirmwareLoader> * * <InternalSensors> * * <Sensor id='Temperature'> * * <type>temperature-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03711381</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * <Sensor id='Conductivity'> * * <type>conductivity-1</type> * * <SerialNumber>03711381</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * <Sensor id='Pressure'> * * <type>strain-0</type> * * <SerialNumber>2146836</SerialNumber> * * </Sensor> * * </InternalSensors> * (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 141 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * </HardwareData> * <StatusData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03711381'> * * <DateTime>2024-06-07T23:02:10</DateTime> * * <EventSummary numEvents='1'/> * * <Power> * * <vMain>6.92</vMain> * * <vLith>3.23</vLith> * * </Power> * * <MemorySummary> * * <Bytes>1546395</Bytes> * * <Samples>103093</Samples> * * <SamplesFree>456147</SamplesFree> * * <SampleLength>15</SampleLength> * * </MemorySummary> * * <AutonomousSampling>no, stop command</AutonomousSampling> * * </StatusData> * <ConfigurationData DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03711381'> * * <PressureInstalled>yes</PressureInstalled> * * <PumpInstalled>no</PumpInstalled> * * <SampleDataFormat>converted engineering</SampleDataFormat> * * <OutputSalinity>no</OutputSalinity> * * <OutputSV>no</OutputSV> * * <TxRealTime>no</TxRealTime> * * <SampleInterval>300</SampleInterval> * * <SyncMode>no</SyncMode> * * </ConfigurationData> * <CalibrationCoefficients DeviceType='SBE37SM-RS232'SerialNumber='03711381'> * * <Calibration format='TEMP1'id='Temperature'> * * <SerialNum>03711381</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>10-Feb-23</CalDate> (continues on next page) 7.3. WHOTS-19 MicroCAT - Headers 142 WHOTS-19: Data Report, Release 1.0.0 (continued from previous page) * * <A0>-7.840626e-05</A0> * * <A1>3.019964e-04</A1> * * <A2>-4.194832e-06</A2> * * <A3>1.960253e-07</A3> * * </Calibration> * * <Calibration format='WBCOND0'id='Conductivity'> * * <SerialNum>03711381</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>10-Feb-23</CalDate> * * <G>-9.817091e-01</G> * * <H>1.392003e-01</H> * * <I>-1.946812e-04</I> * * <J>3.414003e-05</J> * * <PCOR>-9.570000e-08</PCOR> * * <TCOR>3.250000e-06</TCOR> * * <WBOTC>7.523668e-07</WBOTC> * * </Calibration> * * <Calibration format='STRAIN0'id='Pressure'> * * <SerialNum>2146836</SerialNum> * * <CalDate>07-Feb-23</CalDate> * * <PA0>-1.437911e+01</PA0> * * <PA1>3.134084e-02</PA1> * * <PA2>9.389038e-10</PA2> * * <PTCA0>5.300600e+05</PTCA0> * * <PTCA1>-2.440445e+01</PTCA1> * * <PTCA2>1.723165e-01</PTCA2> * * <PTCB0>1.037944e+02</PTCB0> * * <PTCB1>-7.587441e-03</PTCB1> * * <PTCB2>0.000000e+00</PTCB2> (continues on next page) 7.3. 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