Drug Interaction Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Social Media-Based Survey of the Syrian Population

International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) ISSN: 2582-7618 (Online), Volume-6 Issue-1, December 2025 22 Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B410006020226 DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.B4100.06011225 Journal Website: www.ijapsr.latticescipub.com Abstract: Prescribing multiple medications increases the risk of drug interactions, which can be classified or ranked using various terms and methods. Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, beverages, and herbs, both inside and outside the body. Understanding public awareness of medication use is crucial for maintaining health. This study assessed the knowledge and personal experiences of drug interactions among 140 Syrians via a social media survey. The participant demographic was predominantly female (55.1%), aged 20-30 (58.3%), held a bachelor's degree (57%), and worked in the healthcare field (77.1%). All respondents (100%) were aware of drug interactions, with Drug-Drug interactions being the most recognized type (88.1%). The majority of respondents (70.3%) read medication leaflets and perceived the risk of interactions as moderate (53.4%) . Notably, 54.2% of participants reported having personally experienced a serious drug interaction, with nausea/vomiting (46.8%) being the most common symptom. Upon suspicion of an interaction, most consulted a doctor (55.9%) or a pharmacist (37.3%). While 58.6% felt sufficiently informed about drug interactions, an apparent reliance on and preference for pharmacists was evident: they were a primary information source (57.3%) and the most preferred method for gaining awareness (55.9%). In conclusion, despite high theoretical awareness, a significant portion of this health-literate cohort experienced drug interactions, underscoring a critical gap between knowledge and real-world outcomes. The central role of pharmacists was highlighted as a key resource for public education and intervention . Keywords: Drug Interactions, Knowledge, Survey, Syrians. Nomenclature: NNRTI: NonNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor I. INTRODUCTION Understanding drug interactions in vitro is essential to avoid compromising drug efficacy before administration [1]. While not every theoretical drug interaction manifests in practice [2], they remain a significant cause of adverse effects associated with drug administration [3]. Among herbs [4], St. John's wort can cause considerable drug interactions by Manuscript received on 01 December 2025 | Revised Manuscript received on 06 December 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 December 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 December 2025. *Correspondence Author(s) Ola Habib, Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Latakia, Latakia, Syria. Email ID: [email protected], ORCID ID: 0009-0003-3201-7923 Ayat Abbood*, Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria. Email ID: [email protected], ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8387-3875 © The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY*999-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) inducing the metabolism of several drugs [5]. In vivo interactions at the pharmacokinetic level affect drug absorption [6], distribution [7], biotransformation [8], and excretion [9]. The induction [10] or inhibition [11] of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes is fundamental to many drug interactions [12]. Induction of substrate metabolism can lead to treatment failure [13], while inhibition can cause serious interactions by exacerbating substrate toxicity [14]. Inhibition is a relatively rapid process compared to induction [15], and the number of drugs that inhibit metabolism is far greater than that of drugs that induce it [16]. The role of drug transporters [17], particularly the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) [18], in drug interactions is increasingly recognized [19]. P-gp affects absorption [20], distribution [21], and excretion [22], thus playing a key role in pharmacokinetic interactions [23] and interacting with CYP450 enzymes [24]. In pharmacodynamic interactions, drugs enhance or inhibit effects at the target level [25]. Beneficial drug interactions are clinically investigated to identify advantageous combinations [26]. Extensive research has led to the development of numerous in vitro [27] and in vivo methods [28] for detecting [29] and predicting drug interactions [30]. Adequate awareness [31] and knowledge of potential drug interactions [32] are crucial for their prevention and for mitigating their consequences [33] . A drug Interaction is a change in the nature or effect of a medication due to the concurrent administration of one or more other drugs [34], or of food [35] or beverages [36]. Drug-drug interactions are a known factor affecting drug response and a leading cause of adverse drug events [37] . Research has highlighted the epidemiological features of drug interactions [38], with reports indicating that approximately 21% of hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions are attributable to them [39]. A meta-analysis of 39 studies in US hospitals (1966–1996) reported that approximately 7% of hospital admissions were due to drug interactions [40]. An analysis of prescription data from 2.1 million Italians (2004–2005) identified 27 potential drug-interacting pairs [41]. Another extensive Australian study found that 1.5% of people were prescribed potentially dangerous drug combinations [42], with such interactions observed at a rate greater than 5% [43] . Antiretroviral drugs cause significant drug-drug interactions [44]. Various studies in patients with HIV-associated conditions have shown a prevalence of Ola Habib, Ayat Abbood Drug Interaction Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Social Media-Based Survey of the Syrian Population Drug Interaction Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Social Media-Based Survey of the Syrian Population 23 Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B410006020226 DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.B4100.06011225 Journal Website: www.ijapsr.latticescipub.com clinically significant drug interactions ranging from 23% to 40% [45]. Associated risk factors include age over 42 years, more than three comorbidities [46], treatment with more than three antiretroviral agents [47], and HIV protease inhibitor (PI) therapy [48]. Clinically significant drug interactions were more common in PI-based regimens than in non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens . II. METHODS A social media-based survey was conducted between April and May 2025 to assess awareness and its impact regarding drug interactions. The questionnaire included several questions about participants' demographic information and their knowledge of drug interactions. III. RESULTS A. Demographic Data of Participants This study included 140 responses. Table I displays the demographic attributes of the participants. Table I: Demographic Characteristics of Participants Demographic Characteristics Sex Female 55.10% Male 44.90% Age 20-30 58.30% 31-45 36.40% 46-60 10% Otherwise 5% Educational Level Bachelor's 57% Master 19.50% Doctorate 8% University student 10.30% Secondary 5% Preparatory class 2% Working in the Health Field Yes 77.10% No 22.90% Most participants were female (55.1%), aged 20-30 (58.3%), held a bachelor's degree (57%), and worked in the health field (77.1%) . B. Participant Knowledge About Drug Interactions Table II and III show the survey results regarding participants' knowledge of and personal experiences with drug interactions . All participants were aware of drug interactions (100%). The majority knew about drug-drug interactions (88.1%), a large percentage read the prescription leaflet (70.3%), and most believed drug interactions occur at a moderate rate (53.4%) . The majority of participants (54.2%) had experienced a serious drug interaction. The most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting (46.8%), followed by persistent headaches (33.8%). A high level of awareness was noted, as most recognized the potential for serious complications (74.4%) and the importance of consulting a professional. When suspecting an interaction, most contacted a doctor (55.9%) or a pharmacist (37.3%). A large percentage had experienced side effects from multiple medications (75.9%), and the vast majority reported these effects to a provider (89.9%) . Table II: Participants' Knowledge of Drug Interactions Have you Ever Heard of Drug Interactions? Yes 100% No 0%% Which type of Interaction have you heard of? Drug - Drug 88.1% Drug - Food 61.9% Drug - Disease 2.5% Drug - Supplements 0.8% Do you read the Package Label that comes with the Medicine? Yes 70.3% No 4.3% Not always 25.4% In your Opinion, how Common are Drug Interactions in Medical Practice? Very rare 11% Medium 53.4% Common 32.2% Very common 3.4% Table III: Results of Personal Experiences with Drug Interactions Have you ever Experienced a Serious Drug Interaction? Yes 54.2% No 45.8% If yes, which of these Symptoms did you experience? Diarrhoea or constipation 23.4% persistent headache 33.8% Nausea or vomiting 46.8% rapid heartbeat 31.2% Skin rash 2.6% Cough 1.3% Cardiac arrest, skin allergy 4% inflammation of the mucous membranes 1.3% What did you do when a Drug Interaction was suspected? Contacting the doctor 55.9% Contacting the pharmacist 37.3% Changing medication 3.8% Other (e.g. reviewing patient history) 3% Can Drug Interactions Lead to Serious Complications? Yes 74.4% No 25.6% When Taking Multiple Medications, do you consult a Professional about Potential Interactions? Yes 91.4% No 8.6% Have you experienced Side effects from Multiple Medications? Yes 75.9% No 24.1% If yes, did you inform a doctor or Pharmacist? Yes 89.9% No 10.1% The majority of participants felt they had sufficient knowledge about drug interactions (58.6%). The most common information sources were pharmacists and drug leaflets (both 57.3%). The preferred method for gaining awareness was speaking with a community pharmacist (55.9%) . International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) ISSN: 2582-7618 (Online), Volume-6 Issue-1, December 2025 24 Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B410006020226 DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.B4100.06011225 Journal Website: www.ijapsr.latticescipub.com Table IV: Results of Subscriber Information About Drug Interactions Do you feel you have Enough Information about Drug Interactions? Yes 58.6% No 41.4% What is your Source of Information regarding Drug Interactions? Doctor 30.8% Pharmacist 57.3% Drug leaflet 57.3% Google 23.1% Other (My university lectures, etc.) 3.6% What is your Preferred method for Gaining Awareness about Drug Interactions? Drug leaflet 47.5% Social media 25.4% Speak to a pharmacist in your area 55.9% Google 18.6% Doctor 0.8% BNF Updates 0.8% IV. DISCUSSION This study provides a timely investigation into the awareness and personal experiences of drug interactions within a Syrian population, a subject of critical importance for public health and medication safety. The findings paint a picture of a predominantly young, educated, and health-literate cohort with a surprisingly high level of theoretical knowledge about drug interactions. The universal awareness (100%) of drug interactions among participants is notably higher than what is often reported in general population studies [48]. This, coupled with the high recognition of drug-drug interactions (88.1%), is likely a direct reflection of the sample's demographic skew, where 77.1% worked in the healthcare field [49]. This group's inherent exposure to medical information creates a best-case scenario for public knowledge, suggesting that educational background is a strong predictor of awareness. Furthermore, the proactive behaviour of reading medication leaflets (70.3%) and the predominant belief that interactions are a moderate risk (53.4%) indicate a population that is generally engaged and cautious in its medication use. However, the most striking finding of this survey is the stark contrast between this high awareness and the reported lived experiences. Despite their knowledge, over half of the participants (54.2%) reported having experienced a serious drug interaction. This discrepancy highlights a significant "knowledge-practice gap." It suggests that awareness alone is an insufficient shield against the complexities of individual patient factors and the vast number of potential interacting substances. The most common symptoms—nausea/vomiting (46.8%) and persistent headache (33.8%)—are non-specific but debilitating, underscoring how interactions can manifest as vague ailments that may be overlooked or misattributed by both patients and providers, potentially leading to prolonged discomfort or more severe outcomes . The participants demonstrated commendable health-seeking behavior when confronted with a suspected interaction. The overwhelming tendency to contact a doctor (55.9%) or pharmacist (37.3%) reflects a firm trust in and reliance on healthcare professionals. This is further corroborated by the fact that 91.4% consult a provider when taking multiple medications and 89.9% report side effects. This establishes a solid foundation for effective intervention, where healthcare providers are already seen as the primary resource. In terms of information sources and preferences, the pharmacist's central role is unmistakable. Pharmacists were tied with medication leaflets as the most common source of information (57.3%) and were the overwhelmingly preferred method for gaining awareness (55.9%). This positions the community pharmacist as a pivotal and accessible figure in the healthcare landscape, ideally positioned to provide patient education, screen for drug interactions, and intervene proactively. The fact that over 40% of participants still felt they lacked sufficient information, despite their high baseline knowledge, points to an apparent demand for more structured and accessible educational resources . This study has limitations. The use of a social media survey and a snowball sampling method likely introduced selection bias, over-representing younger, tech-savvy, and health-literate individuals. The high proportion of healthcare workers further limits the generalizability of the findings to the broader Syrian population, which may have significantly lower levels of awareness. The cross-sectional design also prevents the establishment of causal relationships. Nonetheless, the study's strength lies in its unique focus on the Syrian context and its ability to clearly identify the critical gap between knowledge and real-world experience, even within a highly informed group. V. CONCLUSION The results lead to several key recommendations. First, there is a pressing need to translate high-level awareness into practical, actionable knowledge. Public health campaigns should move beyond simply stating that interactions exist and focus on educating the public on common interaction pairs, recognising early symptoms, and emphasising the imperative to disclose all medications (including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements) to their pharmacist or doctor. Second, the findings strongly advocate for empowering and enhancing the training of community pharmacists in drug interaction screening and patient counselling, leveraging existing public trust. Finally, implementing mandatory software-based interaction checks within pharmacy and clinical practice in Syria could serve as a systematic safety net, catching potential errors that even knowledgeable individuals might miss. In conclusion, while the surveyed Syrian cohort demonstrates a strong foundational knowledge of drug interactions, the high prevalence of personal experiences with adverse events reveals a critical gap. Closing this gap requires a concerted shift from raising awareness to implementing practical strategies that empower Both healthcare providers and patients need to navigate the complexities of safely using multiple medications . DECLARATION STATEMENT As the article's author, I must verify the accuracy of the following information after aggregating input from all authors. ▪ Conflicts of Interest/ Competing Interests: Based on my understanding, this Drug Interaction Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Social Media-Based Survey of the Syrian Population 25 Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B410006020226 DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.B4100.06011225 Journal Website: www.ijapsr.latticescipub.com article has no conflicts of interest. ▪ Funding Support: This article has not been funded by any organizations or agencies. This independence ensures that the research is conducted objectively and without external influence. ▪ Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate: The content of this article does not necessitate ethical approval or consent to participate with supporting documentation. ▪ Data Access Statement and Material Availability: The adequate resources of this article are publicly accessible. ▪ Author’s Contributions: The authorship of this article is contributed equally to all participating individuals. REFERENCES 1. Isbera, M., Abbood, A., & Ibrahim, W. (2016). Weight and Content Uniformity of Warfarin Sodium Half Tablets. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 9(3):215-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00039.1. 2. Abbood, A., & Layka, R. (2017). Weight and content uniformity Study of captopril half-tablets. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(6):1621-1626. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00285.2. 3. Chbani, D., Abbood, A., & Alkhayer, M. (2018). Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Ion levels in some types of processed meats marketed locally. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(4):1442-1447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00269.X. 4. Abbood, A., Malek, Z., Al-Homsh, Y., & Thallaj, N. (2022). In vitro Study for Antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing Urinary Tract Infections in Syrian adults. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(10):4727-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00794. 5. Abbood, A., Malek, Z., & Thallaj, N. (2022). Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens in Syrian children. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(11):4935-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00829. 6. Abbood, A. (2018). Determination of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of some cosmetic creams available in the Syrian market. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11:280-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30558/jchps.20181104006. 7. Zrekah, G.H., Diab, D.A., Abboud, A. (2016). Determination of Protein and fat oxidation levels in imported infant formula available in Syria. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8:169-72. https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijpps/article/view/989 9. 8. Abbood, A. (2023). Optimization of the Imaged cIEF Method for Monitoring the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Maytansine Conjugate, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Article ID 8150143, 10 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8150143. 9. Abbood, A. (2024). Study of formulation effects on the charge variant profile of antibody-maytansine conjugates by the ICIEF method. Acta Pharm. Sci, 62 (2): 288-300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS6219. 10. Thallaj, N. (2024). Advancements in Pharmaceutical Science: Synthesis and Application of Molecular Cages Integrating N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Enhanced Stability and Functionality. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-1, pages 6-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.A4063.05011224. 11. Abbood, A. (2024). Monitoring the charge variant profile of antibody-tomaymycin conjugates by icIEF method, Acta Pharm. Sci, 62 (1), 226-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS6215. 12. Asaad, R.A. & Abdullah, S.S. (2018). Breast Cancer Subtypes (BCSs) Classification according to Hormone Receptor Status: Identification of Patients at High Risk in JablehSyria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(8): 3703-3710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00680.7. 13. Asaad, R.A. (2017). Hormone Receptor Status and its Relation to C-Reactive Protein and other Prognostic factors in Breast Cancer in JablehSyria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(9):3003-3010. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00532.7. 14. Labban, L., & Thallaj, N. (2019). The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on HbA1c Level and Lipid Profile Among Type 2 Diabetics. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 3,10, 7-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31080/ASNH.2019.03.0435. 15. Labban, L., Thallaj, N., & Malek, Z. (2019). The implications of E-cigarettes or" vaping" on the nutritional status. Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 2, 11, 784-787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15520/jmrhs.v2i11.128. 16. Labban, L., Thallaj, N., & Labban, A. (2020). Assessing the Level of Awareness and Knowledge of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Syrians. Archives of Medicine, 12, 2:8, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.309. 17. Morkus, R., &Abbood, A. (2024). A Survey of the Awareness and Practices of Antibiotic Use Among College Undergraduates and Graduates in Latakia. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-3, pp: 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4039.04030424. 18. Thallaj, N. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Oxadiazole and Thiazolidine Derivatives. Indian Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 1 (3), 2022. 10-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijac.d2015.102222. 19. Thallaj, N. (2022). Quick Review of Chemistry Related to the [Fe]- Hydrogenases. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), 2, 4, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4016.062422. 20. Thallaj, N. (2022). A Short Review of Some Examples of the Binding of Fullerenes C60 to Transition Metal Complexes. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), 2, 6, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4015.102622. 21. Thallaj, N. (2023). Review of a Few Selected Examples of Intermolecular Dioxygenases Involving Molecular Oxygen and Non-Heme Iron Proteins. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR). 3, 2, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4011.023223. 22. Thallaj, N. (2023). A Brief Overview of the General Characteristics and Reactivity Towards Dioxygen of the Ferrous Tris (2-Pyridylmethyl Amine) Series Complexes is Presented. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR). 3, 3, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4012.043323. 23. Labban, L., Kudsi, M., Malek, Z., & Thallaj, N. (2020). Advances in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences, 3, 3,45-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/amdhs.2020.3.11. 24. Thallaj, N. (2024). Detecting Antioxidant Behavior for Phenolic Content of Some Beauty Care Creams in the Syrian Market. Indian Journal of Advanced Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 10–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijac.C2013.041322 25. Besher, S., Alallan, L., Hasan, M.I., Alshamaa, I., & Thallaj, N. (2024). Influence of Soil Salinity on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis in Syria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 17(5):2282-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00358. 26. Khatib, O., Alshimale, T., Alsaadi, A., & Thallaj, N. (2024). The Global Impact of HIV: A Comprehensive Review. IJAPSR, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 6–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4040.04030424. 27. Salloum, R., Baddour, F., & Abbood, A. (2024). A Questionnaire to Evaluate Undergraduate Students’ Consumption and Awareness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Syria. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-4, pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4041.04040624. 28. Zanboua, R., & Abbood, A. (2024). Survey of Knowledge About the Interaction Between Food and Drugs Among the Syrian Population. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-4, pages 22-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.D4044.04040624. 29. Mahfouz, H., Assaf, A., & Abbood, A. (2024). Survey of Usage and Awareness of Ibuprofen Among the Syrian Population. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-5, pages 23-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.E4048.04050824. 30. Antakly, R., Najjar, F., & Abbood, A. (2024). Statistical Overview of Drug Shortage in Syria. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-1, pages 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.A4059.05011224. 31. Abbood, A. (2024). Insights into Therapeutic Peptides and Their Quality Control. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-1, pages 16-27. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR) ISSN: 2582-7618 (Online), Volume-6 Issue-1, December 2025 26 Published By: Lattice Science Publication (LSP) © Copyright: All rights reserved. Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijapsr.B410006020226 DOI:10.54105/ijapsr.B4100.06011225 Journal Website: www.ijapsr.latticescipub.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.A4059.05011224. 32. Abbood A. Overview of Analytical Methods for Characterizing the Charge Heterogeneity of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-5, August 2024, pages 16-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.E4047.04050824. 33. Nouira, R., & Abbood, A. (2024). Assessment of Knowledge About High Blood Pressure Among Syrians. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-6, pages 28-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.F4053.04061024. 34. Malek, Z., Abbood, A., & Thallaj, N. (2022). "Xi'an Shiyou Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)." Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University, Natural Sciences, 302-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.10/K56XY. 35. Al-Saroukhy, R., Al-Kara, R., Habib, R., & Abbood, A. (2024). Assessment of use and Awareness of Diclofenac in Syria. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-4 Issue-6, pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.F4052.04061024. 36. Asaad, R.A. (2023). The association between Triglyceride-Glucose index and Hypertension status (stages and phenotypes) in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 16(6): 2963-2968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00489. 37. Asaad, R.A. (2022). Evaluation of adiposity phenotypes: lipid accumulation product index, visceral adipose index, and body roundness index as predictors of metabolic syndrome development in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut, 45(2): 097-1107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/bfsa.2022.149592.1423. 38. Asaad, R.A. (2018). Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) as a predictive factor in addition to pN staging in Syrian breast cancer patients at diagnosis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 11(3):933-940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00173.7. 39. Asaad, R.A. (2023). Relative Fat Mass (RFM) evaluates whole-body fat (WBF) and predicts Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders as a new obesity marker in the Syrian population. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 16(9):4399-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00719. 40. Abbood, A. (2025). Overview of the Role of Chromatographic Modes in Pharmaceutical Peptide Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-2, pages 22-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.B4068.05020225. 41. Abbood, A. (2025). Mixed Mode Chromatographic Stationary Phases in Pharmaceutical Peptide Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-3, pages 33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4073.05030425. 42. Abbood, A. (2025). Analysis of Charge Variant Profiles in Antibody Conjugates. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5 Issue-3, pages 26-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4072.05030425. 43. Abbood, A. (2025). Role of Charge HILIC Stationary Phases in Pharmaceutical Peptide Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-3. Pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.C4074.05040625. 44. Darraj, R., Haroun, M., Abbood, A., & Al Ghoraibi, I. (2025). Extraction of Methylparaben and Propylparaben using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Clinical Medicine and Health Research Journal, Volume-5 Number-1, Page 1145-1167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/cmhrj.v5i1.450. 45. Dawa, A., Beloune, F., & Abbood, A. (2025). Assessment of Awareness Regarding Paracetamol-Containing Medicine Toxicity Among Syrians. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-6, pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.E4081.05061025. 46. Fadel, A., Zrika, A., Hmede, M., & Abbood, A. (2025). Assessment of Knowledge and Practices Regarding Pediatric Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Use Among Syrian Parents: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-6, pages 15-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.E4088.05061025 47. Wanous, O., & Abbood, A. (2025). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-Medication in Syria. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-5, pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.D4077.05050825. 48. Al-Ali, O., Habib, O., & Abbood, A. (2025). A Questionnaire Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Herbal Medications Among Syrians. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-5, pages 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.E4079.05050825. 49. Deeb, A., & Abbood, A. (2025). Survey of Knowledge of Pharmacy Students and Pharmacists Regarding Artificial Intelligence in Lattakia. International Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJAPSR), Volume-5, Issue-5, pages 9-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54105/ijapsr.D4075.05040625. AUTHOR’S PROFILE Ola Habib, Undergraduate Student, Fifth year in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Control Department at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Latakia University, Latakia, Syria. Pharmacy student at Latakia University, with registration dates in 2019 and 2024. ICDL certificate in 2024. Highlights: Board theoretical experience in analytical methods, synthesis of organic compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, medicinal chemistry principles, TLC methods, high liquid performance methods, Gc methods, UV/visible spectrophotometer principles, electrochemical techniques, IR and NMR specters, extraction methods, gel electrophoresis methods, capillary electrophoresis methods, quality control of solid dosage forms, quality control of liquid dosage forms, quality control of semi-solid dosage forms, GMP, GLP, sampling, Food chemistry. Ayat Abbood, Professor in pharmaceutical chemistry and quality control department, Latakia University PhD in pharmacy in the field of drug control (20062010, University of Paris-11, France) Master 2 Research: Research and Analytical Development (2005-2006, University of Paris-11, France) Professional Master 1: Quality Control of Medicines and Other Health Products (2004-2005, University of Paris-11, France) Bachelor's degree in Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry (1996-2000, Latakia University, Latakia) Head of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control -Faculty of Pharmacy Latakia University (2021 until 2025) - Head of Pharmacy Department College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Al-Manara University (3 years) Dean of Pharmacy Faculty –Al-Jazeera University (one year). Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of the Lattice Science Publication (LSP)/ journal and/ or the editor(s). The Lattice Science Publication (LSP)/ journal and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.