Planning, designing and implementing green infrastructure: A contribution to Alpine spatial planning

Hüppauff, Jakob et al. Research Report Planning, designing and implementing green infrastructure: A contribution to Alpine spatial planning Positionspapier aus der ARL, No. 159 Provided in Cooperation with: ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Suggested Citation: Hüppauff, Jakob et al. (2025) : Planning, designing and implementing green infrastructure: A contribution to Alpine spatial planning, Positionspapier aus der ARL, No. 159, Verlag der ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Hannover, https://doi.org/10.60683/yfhf-vf30 This Version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333407 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. 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If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE A contribution to Alpine spatial planning Positionspapier aus der ARL 159 Hanover 2025 PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE A contribution to Alpine spatial planning Positionspapier aus der ARL 159 ARL Headquarters: Prof. Dr. Andreas Klee, [email protected] Positionspapier aus der ARL 159 eISSN 1611-9983 The PDF version is available at https://www.arl-net.de/shop (Open Access) CC_BY_SA 4.0 International Published by the ARL – Hanover 2025 Typesetting and layout: A. Zickert Translation and proofreading: K. Thomas This position paper is a translated version of: Grüne Infrastruktur planen, entwickeln und umsetzen – Ein Beitrag zur alpinen Raumordnung. Recommended citation: ARL – Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association (ed.) (2025): Planning, designing and implementing green infrastructure – A contribution to Alpine spatial planning. Hanover. = Positionspapier aus der ARL 159. https://doi.org/10.60683/yfhf-vf30 ARL – Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association Vahrenwalder Str. 247 30179 Hanover Tel. +49 511 34842-0 Fax +49 511 34842-41 [email protected] www.arl-net.de www.arl-international.com This position paper was prepared by members of the cross-border working group Green Infrastructure in the Northern Limestone Alps (Grüne Infrastruktur in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen) of the ARL Bavaria Forum Jakob Hüppauff, Government of Upper Bavaria, Munich (DE) Prof. Dr. Hubert Job, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (DE) Constantin Meyer, ARL – Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association, Hannover (DE) Florian Lintzmeyer, ifuplan – Institute for Environmental Planning and Spatial Development, Munich (DE) (Coordinator of the Working Group) Dr. Stefan Obkircher, Office of the Vorarlberg State Government, Bregenz (AT) Catarina Proidl, State Administration of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz (LIE) PD Dr. Marco Pütz, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf (CH) Richard Schoßleitner, Office for Geography & Spatial Research, Salzburg (AT) Günter Salchner, Mayor of the Municipality of Reutte (AT) Kerstin Ströbel, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (DE) Prof. Dr. Sabine Weizenegger, Kempten University of Applied Sciences (DE) (Head of the Working Group) The content, views and recommendations presented in this position paper do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the institutions of all authors involved. The ARL Bavaria Forum is one of seven permanent regional ARL forums in Germany that deal with current issues of state, regional and urban development in their respective regions and address cross-border topics. As a regionalised activity of the ARL European Working Group AlpPlan (Alpine Spatial Planning Network), the working group brought together representatives from spatial science and planning/administration practice from Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to facilitate a specialist cross-border exchange on green infrastructure in the northeastern Alpine region. Executive Summary The Alpine region faces multiple challenges, such as climate change and the biodiversity and energy crises. In addition, there is increasing competition between different land uses and pressure on land and services, for example from recreational activities. Furthermore, these challenges in the Alps cannot always be compared with other regions, mainly due to the specific natural conditions. At the same time, different national frameworks apply to the area, and the Alpine countries have committed themselves to the Alpine Convention, a holistic policy for the conservation and protection of the Alps, which is binding under international law. Spatial planning and development play a crucial role in the implementation of global, European and national goals for securing and restoring biodiversity. The concept of green infrastructure, defined as a strategically planned network of natural and near-natural areas, is of central importance in this context and complements the specialist debates on securing open spaces through planning and on Alpine spatial policy. International, European and national guidelines call for greater consideration of ecological concerns in spatial planning. The Global Biodiversity Framework, the EU Biodiversity Strategy, the EU Regulation on Nature Restoration and the Alpine Convention are important frameworks here. At the same time, targets for expanding renewable energies, for example, are intensifying land-use competition. Due to its cross-departmental and integrative role, spatial planning is taking on increasing responsibility for creating the conditions for the joint implementation of these widely recognised goals at the various spatial planning levels. The implementation of the green infrastructure concept requires a change of perspective in spatial planning so that ecological functions are placed on an equal footing with other land uses. Close coordination between spatial planning and various specialist departments (e.g. agriculture and forestry, nature conservation, water management and the energy sector) and the involvement of land users and civil society are essential. The municipalities play a particularly key role in implementation and communication, but they themselves need special support and awareness training in this area. An effective network of green infrastructure in the Alpine region promotes biodiversity, protects against the impact of climate change and offers opportunities for multiple-benefit landuse strategies. Spatial planning can create a framework for the long-term development of these areas and connecting corridors. In the Alpine region, ecological connectivity along vertical gradients is of particular importance. Planning with a spatial impact should therefore be able to demonstrate biodiversity and connectivity mainstreaming, ensuring it makes an integral contribution to protecting biodiversity and ecological connectivity. In order to achieve this and to holistically promote green infrastructure in the Alpine region, structural improvements are necessary in various areas: > the creation of a suitable legal framework, > the further development of planning principles and instruments, > the provision of tailored and unbureaucratic funding, > the strengthening of interdepartmental cooperation > and the mobilisation of civil society actors. This requires both superordinate planning with binding guidelines and bottom-up initiatives at the local level. It is important to encourage a change of standpoint and to ensure that open spaces with their extensive land uses and ecological connectivity are viewed as multifunctional, structuring elements from a spatial planning perspective. 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 1 PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE A contribution to Alpine spatial planning Contents 1 Introduction and research focus 2 International guidelines create new urgency 3 Green infrastructure requires transdisciplinary, stakeholder-oriented action 4 Vision of an efficient network of green infrastructure in the Alpine region 5 Recommendations for action References Appendix: Matrix illustrating supra-local spatial planning instruments Abstract The Alpine region faces particular challenges in implementing the international targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework and the EU Nature Restoration Law. In addition to established components of spatial planning, such as landscape protection or local recreation provision, ecological concerns are increasingly in the spotlight. This position paper from the cross-border working group of the ARL Bavaria Forum considers the multifunctional concept of green infrastructure to be a profitable approach for strengthening the role of spatial planning in the northern Alpine region, specifically with regard to coordinating planning and measures related to open spaces. Such measures and plans have to date been the responsibility of a wide range of specialist departments and are often considered and treated in isolation. At the same time, the intention is also to promote acceptance of government sustainability goals and the effective use of public funds. The position paper outlines a vision of an efficient network of green infrastructure in the Alpine region that, above all, strengthens ecological connectivity and is secured by a spatial planning framework. In order to achieve this, recommendations for action include strengthening the legal framework, ensuring the suitability of planning instruments, promoting and financing measures to implement green infrastructure, strengthening interdepartmental cooperation and mobilising civil social actors. Keywords Green infrastructure – Spatial planning – Alpine region – Open space – Intersectoral cooperation – Ecological connectivity 1 Introduction and research focus Spatial planning and other related specialist departments, indeed society as a whole, are facing multiple crises, such as climate change and the biodiversity and energy crises. In addition, there is increasing competition between land uses such as agriculture and housing development, exacerbated in some areas by the urgent demands of leisure and recreational use. Furthermore, targets and simplified approval procedures for the expansion of renewable energy need to be implemented. The challenges and conditions in the Alps are not always comparable to other areas, particularly due to the specific natural conditions. These include the limited availability of land due to the relief, the foreseeable increase in natural hazards resulting from climate change, and the effects of climate change on the pronounced biodiversity, which notably includes some highly specialised 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 2 species. The Alps also perform important functions, such as acting as a water reservoir for areas extending far into the foothills, which makes the issues here particularly relevant. Despite Alpinewide instruments such as the Alpine Convention and the EU Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP), there are different national requirements and approaches in the individual Alpine countries. Cross-border cooperation is a necessity but often remains limited to the project level. In addition to the challenges of land availability and finance, there is a specific requirement for spatial planning and development to contribute to the implementation of global, European, national and federal state objectives. Furthermore, the need to expand green and blue infrastructure and to (re)establish ecological networks has been recognised. Current challenges confronting green infrastructure (GI), e.g. due to species decline and the fragmentation of natural habitats, are particularly relevant in the Alpine region, which is of outstanding importance as a cross-border European cultural and natural landscape with a comparatively high proportion of near-natural open spaces (Job/Meyer/Coronado et al. 2022; ARL 2022). Furthermore, various legal requirements arise from the binding implementation protocols of the Alpine Convention,1 particularly in the fields of nature conservation and landscape management, spatial planning and sustainable development, and mountain agriculture and mountain forests. These requirements have already been taken into account in various national instruments, such as the inclusion of resource-conserving and climate-change-related open space design in the ten-point programme of the Austrian spatial development concept ÖREK 2030 (ÖROK 2021). This ranges from small green spaces within built-up areas to contiguous open space corridors, large-scale landscapes and protected areas, as well as connectivity between them. The Principality of Liechtenstein also dedicates one of the seven fields of action in their national action plan Biodiversity 2030+ to green infrastructure, with the aim of establishing strategically planned green infrastructure with connecting axes (Fürstentum Liechtenstein 2024).2 Target 2.3 of the German National Strategy for Biological Diversity 2030 (Nationale Strategie zur Biologischen Vielfalt 2030 − BMU 2024) envisages the further development of a functional biotope network with a high-priority focus on network sections that should be reconnected, international interfaces in the biotope network, important connectivity structures in highly fragmented habitats and connecting spaces in ribbonlike settlement structures. In many places, it has become apparent that existing government instruments (especially those relating to nature conservation) are insufficient to effectively halt the loss of biodiversity across the region, particularly at lower altitudes and in the Alpine valleys. However, this is only one of many demands on space that need to be taken into account by spatial planning. At the same time, both the Alpine Convention and various spatial planning regulations in the border region of Germany/Liechtenstein/Austria/Switzerland, which is the area under consideration here, recognise the fundamental need to reconcile ecological functions with the spatial requirements of the economy and society. Green infrastructure plays a key role here due to its diverse spatial uses, functions and services, the development and maintenance of which can only be accomplished through cross-level, crosssector and cross-actor cooperation. Spatial planning can make a significant contribution to securing and expanding green infrastructure by protecting and developing near-natural open spaces, promoting the connectivity of habitats, ensuring closer integration of ecological aspects into spatial decision-making processes and, at the same time, creating added value for other land uses, such as agricultural food production or nature-based recreation. Green infrastructure is defined by the EU as ‘a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services [...]’ (European Commission 2013: 1.2). Thematically closely related, and particularly well established 1 https://www.alpconv.org/de/startseite/konvention/protokolle-deklarationen/ (24 February 2025). 2 Also see the German Sustainability Strategy 2021 with the goal of establishing a transnational biotope network covering 10% of the country’s territory by 2025 (Bundesregierung 2021). 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 9 References ARL – Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association (ed.) (2022): Safeguarding Open Spaces in the Alpine Region. Hannover. = Positionspapier aus der ARL 133. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0156-01339 (17.07.2025). ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (ed.) (2025): Freiraumwende – Vom Freiraum her denken, planen und handeln. Hannover. = Positionspapier aus der ARL 152. Hannover. https://doi.org/10.60683/0d74-gn32 Blecken, L.; Böhnke, R.; Götze, G.; Gutsche, J.-M.; Köck, W.; Preuß, T. (2025): Umsetzung von verbindlichen Flächensparzielen im Rahmen der räumlichen Planung. In: Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 83, 1, 31–45. https://doi.org/10.14512/rur.2568 BMU – Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (2024): Nationale Strategie zur Biologischen Vielfalt 2030. Beschluss des Bundeskabinetts vom 18. Dezember 2024. Berlin. https://www.bmuv.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Download_PDF/Naturschutz/nbs_2030_strategie_bf.pdf (17.07.2025). Bundesregierung (2021): Deutsche Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie. Weiterentwicklung 2021. Berlin. https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/975274/1873516/9d73d857a3f7f0f8df5ac1b4c349fa07/ 2021-03-10dns-2021-finale-langfassung-barrierefrei-data.pdf (17.07.2025). Burger, A.; Bretschneider, W. (2021): Umweltschädliche Subventionen in Deutschland. Aktualisierte Ausgabe 2021. Dessau-Roßlau. = UBA-Texte 143/2001. Busse, T.; Grefe, C. (2024): Der Grund. Die neuen Konflikte um unsere Böden und wie sie gelöst werden können. München. European Commission (2013): Green Infrastructure (GI) — Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. COM/2013/0249 final. Brussels. Fürstentum Liechtenstein (2024): Aktionsplan Biodiversität 2030+. Vaduz. https://www.regierung.li/files/attachments/aktionsplan-biodiversitaet-2030-.pdf (29.07.2025). Gubler, L.; Ismail, S. A.; Seidl, I. (2020): Biodiversitätsschädigende Subventionen in der Schweiz. Grundlagenbericht. Birmensdorf. = WSL-Berichte 96. Hüppauff, J.; Kufeld, W. (2025): Freiraumstrategien neu ausrichten. Integrative Betrachtung sowie stärkere Ausrichtung auf Multifunktionalität und Mehrfachnutzungen. In: Jacoby, C.; Domhardt, H.-J.; Kufeld, W. (eds.): Freiraumsicherung und Freiraumentwicklung in der räumlichen Planung. Mit einem Perspektivwechsel den Freiraumschutz stärken! Hannover. = Forschungsberichte der ARL 24. (in prep.). Job, H.; Meyer, C.; Coronado, O.; Koblar, S.; Laner, P.; Omizzolo, A.; Plassmann, G.; Riedler, W.; Vesely, P.; Schindelegger, A. (2022): Open Spaces in the European Alps –GIS-Based Analysis and Implications for Spatial Planning from a Transnational Perspective. In: Land 11, 9, 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091605 Neu, U.; Ismail, S.; Reusser, L. (2024): Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien biodiversitätsund landschaftsverträglich planen. = Swiss Academies Communications 19. Bern. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10927046 ÖROK – Österreichische Raumordnungskonferenz (2021): Österreichisches Raumentwicklungskonzept ÖREK 2030. Raum für Wandel. Wien. Salchner, G., Weizenegger, S. (2025): Grüne Infrastruktur im Alpenraum. Kommunale und grenzüberschreitende Erfahrungen zur Umsetzung von Grüner Infrastruktur. Sabine Weizenegger im Interview mit Günter Salchner am 7. August 2024. 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Berlin. 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 10 Appendix Matrix illustrating supra-local spatial planning instruments Selection15 of formal supra-local spatial planning instruments that impact green infrastructure and the protection of open spaces in the Northern Limestone Alps (DE – AT – CH – LIE) Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/ medium/high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Germany (Free State of Bavaria) Landschaftliches Vorbehaltsgebiet (Regionalpläne) Landscape Reserved Area (regional plans) multi low directly Regionaler Grünzug (Regionalpläne) Regional Greenway (regional plans) multi medium directly Trenngrün (Regionalpläne) Green Divide (regional plans) mono medium directly Vorranggebiet für Hochwasserschutz (Regionalpläne) Priority Area for Flood Protection (regional plans) mono high indirectly Vorranggebiet für Wasserversorgung (Regionalpläne) Priority Area for Water Supply (regional plans) mono high indirectly Vorbehaltsgebiet für Wasserversorgung (Regionalpläne) Reserved Area for Water Supply (regional plans) mono low indirectly Alpenplan (Landesentwicklungsprogramm) Alpine Plan (state development programme) multi high indirectly 15 Protected areas and federal inventories of specialist planning for nature conservation, water management and forestry (e.g. Tyrolean resting areas, Liechtenstein landscape conservation inventory or Swiss federal inventories) were not included in the table as they do not constitute spatial planning instruments. Nevertheless, they play a role in green infrastructure planning and are sometimes included in spatial plans for information purposes. 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 11 Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/medium /high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Germany (Free State of Bavaria) Vorranggebiete für den Klimaschutz Priority Areas for Climate Protection multi high directly Vorbehaltsgebiete für den Klimaschutz Reserved Areas for Climate Protection multi low directly Vorranggebiete für die Klimaanpassung Priority Areas for Climate Adaptation multi high directly Vorbehaltsgebiete für die Klimaanpassung Reserved Areas for Climate Adaptation multi low directly Vorranggebiete für die Landwirtschaft Priority Areas for Agriculture mono high indirectly Vorbehaltsgebiete für die Landwirtschaft Reserved Areas for Agriculture mono low indirectly Austria (State of Salzburg) Alpine Ruhezone (Landesentwicklungsprogramm) Alpine Resting Zone (state development programme) multi low indirectly Grünraumund Wanderkorridore (Landesentwicklungsprogramm) Green Space and Wildlife Corridors (state development programme) mono low directly Grüngürtel (Regionalprogramm Salzburg Stadt und Umgebungsgemeinden) Green Belt (regional programme for the city of Salzburg and surrounding municipalities) multi high directly Vorrangbereich/ -fläche Ökologie (Regionalprogramme) Priority Zone/ Land for Ecology (regional programmes) multi high directly 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 12 Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/ medium/high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Austria (State of Salzburg) Regionale/r Grünzug/-verbindung // (Über-) Regionaler Grünkorridor (Regionalprogramme) Regional Greenway / Link // (Supra)regional Green Corridor (regional programmes) multi medium directly Kern-/Vorsorgeraum für Landwirtschaftsproduktion (Regionalprogramme) Core/Reserved space for Agriculture/al (Production) (regional programmes) mono medium indirectly Vorrangbereich Erholung // Kulturlandschaftsbetonte Erholungszone (Regionalprogramme) Priority Zone for Recreation // Cultural Landscapeoriented Recreation Zone (regional programmes) multi low indirectly Vorsorgeraum für den regionalen Biotopverbund (Regionalprogramme) Reserved Space for the Regional Biotope Network (regional programmes) multi high directly Austria (State of Tirol) Regionalprogramme betreffend überörtliche Grünzonen Regional Programmes concerning Supra-Local Green Zones multi high directly Regionalprogramme betreffend landwirtschaftliche Vorrangflächen Regional Programmes concerning Priority Land for Agriculture multi high indirectly 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 13 Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/ medium/high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Austria (State of Vorarlberg) Landesgrünzonen Rheintal und Walgau (Landesraumpläne) Rheintal and Walgau Regional Green Zones (state spatial plans) multi high directly Blauzone Rheintal (Landesraumplan) Rheintal Blue Zone (state spatial plan) mono high indirectly Inventar Weißzone (Planungsgrundlage auf Landesebene) White Zone Inventory (planning basis at state level) multi low indirectly Regionale räumliche Entwicklungskonzepte (inkl. Entwicklung des Freiraums) Regional Spatial Development Concepts (including open space development) multi low indirectly Switzerland (federal level) Fruchtfolgefläche (Sachplan des Bundes) Crop Rotation Land (federal sectoral plan) multi high indirectly Agglomerationsprogramme (mit Zukunftsbild, Strategien, Maßnahmen) für Siedlung, Verkehr und Landschaft Agglomeration Programmes (with vision for the future, strategies, measures) for Settlement, Transport and Landscape multi high directly Switzerland (cantons16) Fruchtfolgefläche (Kantonale Richtpläne) Crop Rotation Land (cantonal structure plans) multi high indirectly Wildtierkorridor (Kantonale Richtpläne) Wildlife Corridor (cantonal structure plans) mono low directly 16 The Swiss Spatial Planning Act contains only very limited provisions on the procedure and responsibilities for structural planning. The responsibility and thus also the binding nature of the individual contents of the cantonal structure plans therefore varies from canton to canton, and also over time. 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 14 Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/ medium/ high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Switzerland (cantons) Gebiet mit Vorrang Landschaft // Kantonales Interessengebiet Landschaftsschutz // Landschaft Kantonaler Bedeutung (Kantonale Richtpläne) Area with Priority Landscape // Area of Cantonal Interest for Landscape Protection // Landscape of Cantonal Importance (cantonal structure plans) multi low directly Lebensräume bedrohter Arten – Kern-/Schongebiete (Kantonale Richtpläne) Habitats of Endangered Species – Core Areas/ Sanctuaries (cantonal structure plans) mono high directly Gebiet mit Vernetzungsfunktion (Kantonale Richtpläne) Area with a Connective Function (cantonal structure plans) mono low directly Landwirtschaftsgebiet, Nichtbaugebiet (Kantonale Richtpläne) Agricultural Area, Non-building Area (cantonal structure plans) mono high indirectly Kantonales Interessengebiet Grundwasser (definitive Grundwasserschutzzonen) // Grundwasserreserven (Kantonale Richtpläne) Cantonal Area of Interest for Groundwater (definitive groundwater protection zones) // Groundwater Reserves (cantonal structure plans) mono high indirectly Liechtenstein Rechtskräftige Landwirtschaftszone (Landesrichtplan 2011) Legally Binding Agricultural Zone (2011 state structure plan) mono high indirectly 159 _PLANNING, DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 15 Instrument (German terminology) Instrument (English translation) Designed to be mono-/ multifunctional Binding for subordinate planning levels (low/ medium/ high) Green infrastructure directly/ indirectly impacted Liechtenstein Kernlebensräume / Trittstein / Scharnier, Erhaltungszone und Ruhezone (Landesrichtplan 2011) Core Habitats / Stepping Stones / Hinge Areas, Conservation Zones and Resting Zones (2011 state structure plan) mono high directly Entwicklungskonzept Landschaft, Zwischenbericht Analyse (Agglomerationsprogramm Werdenberg Liechtenstein 2013, Synthesebericht 2016) Development Concept for Landscape, Interim Report Analysis (Werdenberg Liechtenstein agglomeration programme 2013, synthesis report 2016) multi low directly Hitzeangepasste Siedlungsentwicklung (Agglomerationsprogramm Werdenberg Liechtenstein 2021) Heat-adapted Settlement Development (Werdenberg Liechtenstein agglomeration programme 2021) mono medium directly Aktionsplan Biodiversität 2030+ (Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 2024) Biodiversity Action Plan 2030+ (government of the Principality of Liechtenstein 2024) multi medium directly Current Position Papers of the ARL No. 159 Planning, designing and implementing green infrastructure – A contribution to Alpine spatial planning. This position paper was prepared by members of the cross-border working group ‘Green Infrastructure in the Northern Limestone Alps’ (Grüne Infrastruktur in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen) of the ARL Bavaria Forum. Hanover, 2025. https://doi.org/10.60683/yfhf-vf30 158 Grüne Infrastruktur planen, entwickeln und umsetzen – Ein Beitrag zur Alpinen Raumordnung. Dieses Positionspapier wurde von den Mitgliedern der grenzübergreifenden Arbeitsgruppe „Grüne Infrastruktur in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen“ des ARL-Forums Bayern der ARL erarbeitet. Hannover, 2025. https://doi.org/10.60683/s9db-jn28 157 Reaktivierung von Schienenstrecken in den Bundesländern – Zwischen Euphorie und Hindernissen. Dieses Positionspapier enthält Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises „Reaktivierung von Schienenstrecken als Instrument einer integrierten Raumentwicklung“ der ARL. Hannover, 2025. https://doi.org/10.60683/9rhx-0b78 156 Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on facilitating Cross-Border Solutions – BRIDGEforEU. This position paper was prepared by members of the ad-hoc Working Group ‘Cross-Border Solutions’ at the ARL. Hanover, 2025. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0156-2505211034385.929456732711 https://doi.org/10.60683/x2zq-ze16 155 Raumentwicklung für eine gute Zukunft: Jetzt die große Transformation gestalten – Ergebnisse der ARL-Tagung am 7. und 8. November 2024 in Radolfzell am Bodensee in elf Botschaften (Bodensee-Protokoll). Dieses Positionspapier enthält Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen von Mitgliedern der Arbeitsgruppe „Große Transformation und nachhaltige Raumentwicklung machen“ der ARL-Foren Baden-Württemberg und Bayern der ARL. Hannover, 2025. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0156-2505211031157.680912389280 https://doi.org/10.60683/1svy-2t56 154 Güterverkehr, Logistik und Raumentwicklung: Planerischer Handlungsbedarf. Dieses Positionspapier enthält Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen des Ad-hoc-Arbeitskreises „Güterverkehr, Logistik und Raumentwicklung“ der ARL. Hannover, 2025. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0156-2503050823586.528634954613 https://doi.org/10.60683/mnk2-em11 153 Aktuelle verkehrsrechtliche Entscheidungen – Neuer Schub für die kommunale Mobilitätswende. Positionspapier von den Mitgliedern des Ad-hoc-Arbeitskreises „Aktuelle verkehrspolitische Entwicklungen für die kommunale Mobilitätswende nutzen“ der ARL. Hannover, 2025. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0156-2502131624466.096345908600 https://doi.org/10.60683/xm2g-wf30 eISSN 1611-9983 ARL – Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association [email protected] · www.arl-net.de · www.arl-international.com