Estudio de los braquiópodos fósiles del neógeno y pleistoceno de las canarias orientales : citas actuales

B aquiópodos Pliocenos y Pleis ocenos de las Cana ias O ien ales con mención de los ac uales Pliocene and Pleis ocene B achiopods om Eas e n Cana y Islands wi h ac ual e e ences Más e en Oceanog a ía EDUARDO GONZÁLEZ ÁLVAREZ Tu o : P o . D . Ignacio Alonso Co- u o : D . Joaquín Meco, P o eso Emé i o 2013 1 B aquiópodos pliocenos y pleis ocenos de las Cana ias o ien ales con mención de los ac uales. Pliocene and Pleis ocene B achiopods om Eas e n Cana y Islands wi h ac ual e e ences. Edua do González Ál a ez; DNI: 45330221G; di ección Paseo de Las Can e as, nº 70, 1e piso; l n: 610056590; e-mail: e[email p o ec ed] Más e en Oceanog a ía Tu o : D . Ignacio Alonso Bilbao, p o eso i ula de la ULPGC, Ins i u o de Oceanog a ía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Depa amen o de Física, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma . Co- u o : D . Joaquín Meco Cab e a, p o eso emé i o de la ULPGC, Labo a o io de Paleon ología y Paleoceanog a ía, Depa amen o de Biología, Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma . En Las Palmas de G an Cana ia, a 3 de Diciemb e de 2013. Au o Tu o Co- u o Edua do González Ál a ez Ignacio Alonso Bilbao Joaquín Meco Cab e a Fdo.:………………………. Fdo.:………………………. Fdo.:…………………… 2 Index 1. In oduc ion.........................................................................................................4 1.1. Objec i e.........................................................................................................4 1.2. Geological con ex ..........................................................................................4 1.3. S a ig aphic p o enance o cana ies ossil b achiopods..............................4 1.4. Paleoclima ical and paleoecological in o ma ion..........................................9 2. Me hodology.......................................................................................................10 3. Sys ema ic and axonomy..................................................................................10 3.1. The b achiopods...........................................................................................10 3.2. Fossil b achiopods…………………………………………….……….…..14 3.3. Ac ual b achiopods……………………………………………………...…18 4. Discussion...........................................................................................................21 5. Conclusions.........................................................................................................24 Pla e I and II......................................................................................................26 Acknowledgmen s..............................................................................................27 Re e ences……………………………………...……………………………....27 3 Pliocene and Pleis ocene B achiopods om Eas e n Cana y Islands wi h ac ual e e ences. Au o : Edua do González Ál a ez Abs ac The s udy o ossil auna and he a ailable li e a u e, allows us o gi e an in e p e a ion o paleoclima ic cha ac e o he p esence o b achiopods, associa ed wi h hei ossil s a e o wea he condi ions e y di e en ha nowadays, being equi alen o he p esen opical egions o he plane . I is s udied, he e o e, he aunal con en om he ossili e ous sedimen a y deposi s o Pliocene (5-3 My) and Pleis ocene (3 My -10 ky ) age p esen in G an Cana ia, Fue e en u a and Lanza o e -eas e n Cana y Islands- paying special a en ion o hose obse ed ossil b achiopods. I has unde aken a e iew o p e ious wo k and he s udy o he deposi s o Pliocene and Pleis ocene age, as well as he e ision o he ossil collec ions o he Labo a o y o Paleon ology a he Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia. This has allowed he iden i ica ion o 4 species o ossil b achiopods: Te eb a ula sinuosa (B occhi 1814), Lacazella medi e anea (Risso 1826), Te eb a ulina capu se pen is (Zbyszewski, 1957) and Thecidium c . digi a um (Sowe by 1823). These ossils ha e been iden i ied in ou c ops o Pliocene age om he eas e n Cana y Islands, desc ibed and illus a ed in he wo k o Meco e al. (2005) and in ou c ops in e p e ed as coming om an ma ine e en o g ea ene gy o sunami in Pied a Al a, Lanza o e, belonging o Ma ine Iso ope S age 11 (MIS 11) in ci ca 480 ky . Fu he mo e, in o de o compa e he ossil b achiopods wi h exis ing, i has been de ined a e e ence collec ion wi h ac ual specimens ob ained om he pickup o su ace sedimen samples made in G an Cana ia and Hie o, iden i ying 3 species: A gy o heca ba e ia ia (Da idson, 1866), Mege lia unca a (Linaeus 1767) and Pajaudina a lan ica (Logan 1988). Key wo ds: B achiopods, Pleis ocene, paleoclima ic indica o s, No h A lan ic. 4 1. In oduc ion 1.1. Objec i e S udies abou b achiopods in he Cana y Islands a e a e. In ac , he only appoin men on cu en b achiopods in he Cana y Islands co esponds o he wo k o Logan (1988) and conce ning ossil species we e ne e men ioned in he scien i ic li e a u e un il ecen ly in a doc o al hesis on Mio-Pliocene auna o he islands (Be anco , 2012) whe e wo species o his axonomic g oup a e men ioned. The objec i e o his pape aims o ill his gap, and o do a new line o esea ch on he phylum o b achiopods in he con ex o paleon ological esea ch wo ks ca ied ou by he ULPGC (Uni e sidad de Las Palmas de G an Cana ia). 1.2. Geological Con ex On he o he hand, Mo eo e , he ma ine deposi s o he Cana y Islands and i s ossil con en ha e been s udied since he XIX cen u y (Lyell 1865, Ro hple z & Simonelli 1898) and ha e esul ed in nume ous publica ions (see Meco e al., 2007). In addi ion, he geological con ex o he a chipelago is well known and al eady exis s a numbe o adiome ic da ing (Ca acedo e al., 2002). Finally, he la ge ma ine auna accompanying he ew ossil b achiopods has allowed ec ea e he paleoclima e common o hem. (Meco e al., 2005, 2006, 2008; Be anco 2012; Muhs e al, in p ess.). 1.3. S a ig aphic p o enance o cana ies ossil b achiopods. The specimens s udied a e om ossili e ous ma ine deposi s mainly cons i u ed by sands ones and conglome a es o ela i ely low hickness wi h an a e age o a couple o me e s bu i s ex en is e y la ge and appea s in he h ee eas e n islands: no hwes o G an Cana ia, Wes Coas o Fue e en u a su ounding Jandía peninsula and sou heas o Lanza o e (Fig. 6). These deposi s a e da ed adiome ically a abou 5 My (million o yea s) o a pillow la as in Ajuí Ra ine, Fue e en u a (Meco & S ea ns 1981; Coello e al., 1992; Meco e al.; 2007), and o he s in G an Cana ia in abou 4 My (Guillou e al., 2004) which se hem in he lowe Pliocene. The pillow la as indica e apid cooling in his case when ake con ac wi h seawa e so i is conside ed ha he age o he pillow la as is he same o he ma ine deposi s associa ed wi h hem. The heigh o he ma ine deposi s is mo e highe in G an Cana ia han he o he islands, 5 whe e i eaches 120 m, which has been in e ed he exis ence o upli s in he a chipelago (Meco e al., 2007). Figu e 1. Geological maps o G an Cana ia, Fue e en u a and Lanza o e. In each o hem is ma ked wi h a line o do s in he case o Lanza o e, whe e ma ine deposi s b aquiópdos we e collec ed. 6 Figu e 2. Summa y o he geology o Fue e en u a in simpli ied o m: a1) basal complex subma ine olcanism, a2) basal complex almos me amo phosed sedimen a y deposi s, b) disco dan Miocene basal s o he basal complex, c) ma ine deposi s con aining b achiopods and da ed by he la a, d) Pliocene basal ic pilow la as da ed a 5.8 My , 5 My , 4.8 My and Pliocene-co e ed dunes, e) Mid-Pleis ocene olcanism ins alled on Mid-Pleis ocene dunes. 7 Bu hey ha e also appea ed o he ossil b achiopods in ma ine deposi s da ed using u anium se ies on co al in 480 ky (Muhs e al., In p ess). Deposi s show a iolen o s o m cha ac e so hey ha e been a ibu ed o a possible sunami (Fig. 5). The age ob ained om co als and he whole auna pu he deposi s in he Mid-Pleis ocene, p obably in he in e glacial MIS 11 (Ma ine Iso ope S age). Finaly, he p esen b achiopods come om su ace sedimen samples aked in G an Cana ia and El Hie o (Fig. 6 and Tab. 2) by he Labo a o y o Sedimen ology om he ULPGC and deposi ed in he Labo a o y o Paleon ology. Si es whe e b achiopods we e collec ed: G an Cana ia Pliocene ossili e ous ma ine deposi s - Ciudad Ja dín (Fig. 3) - A enales - Ba anco Seco (Fig. 3) Figu e 3. Le image: ossil b achiopod (Te eb a ula sinuosa) ound in Ciudad Ja dín; scale o 5 cm. Righ image: Ma ine Pliocene conglome a e in Ba anco Seco. 8 Fue e en u a Pliocene ossili e ous ma ine deposi s - Coas o Ba lo en o: be ween San a Inés and Los Molinos (Fig. 4) Figu e 4. Pliocene ma ine deposi s in Fue e en u a. The image on he le shows he deposi loca ed on he loo , on he igh , Pliocene ossil li e agglome a ion. Lanza o e Fossili e ous ma ine deposi s ( sunami o s o m) o MIS 11 (Mid-Pleis ocene) - Pied a Al a (Fig. 5) Figu e 5. Ma ine deposi s associa ed wi h a u bulen p ocess o sunami in Pied a Al a, Lanza o e, da ed o MIS 11 (480 ky ). 15 Ma e ial: 6 whole specimens and nume ous agmen s om many o he animals in he Ba anco Seco (G an Cana ia) we e ound. Full specimens o Ba anco Seco we e a he same sand le el wi hin he deposi ; in he same s ip o ine sand and e y close o each o he and he o amen o he subs a e. Whole specimens ha e a ying deg ees o conse a ion bu a e o ally enclosed, wi h wo al as and highligh s one ha ing a s ange wis . Cana y loca ions: G an Cana ia: Ba anco Seco, Ciudad Ja dín. S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: Species ci ed o he Miocene and Pliocene o he Medi e anean, especially abundan in he I alian basin deposi s. I was i s desc ibed by B occhi (1814) o Piacenziens deposi s (La e-Pliocene) o No he n I aly. Da idson (1870) also ci ed o he Miocene-Pliocene ansi . O iginal diagnosis: O iginal diagnosis ob eined om B occhi 1814: “Tes a oblonga, al a supe io e uniplica a, al e a biplica a, ma gne in e o sinuoso, ápice pe o a o” Desc ip ion: highligh cha ac e is ic o his species a ema kable de elopmen o he g oo es on he al as causing a bi olded an e io commissu e (Calzada Badia, 1978). Conside able a ia ion in ou line, ela i e wid h, hickness and shape o he ibs. The cu ious concen a ion and agglome a ion o he specimens ound in Ba anco Seco, undamaged and unma ked anspo , pa ially co e ed in he same s ip o e y ine sedimen s, sugges s some kind o "g ouping in li e." Supe amily Cancello hy oidea Family Cancello hy ididae Thomson, 1926 Sub amily Cancello hy idinae Thomson, 1926 Genus Te eb a ulina D'O bigny, 1847 Te eb a ulina capu se pen is (Zbyszewski, 1957) Pla e I, Fig. 2a, 2b. 1887 Te eb a ulina capu -se pen is Fische , P., Pl. XV, 3 1886 Te eb a ulina capu se pen is G ange , A., Pl. I, 2 Ma e ials: One specimen, small, pa ially b oken, only he do sal al e. Cana y loca ions: G an Cana ia: A enales (La Minilla). 16 S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: Rela i ely common and widesp ead. Ci ed since Miocene o he p esen . Ac ual since No h Sea (Scandina ia) o he Medi e anean. Ca ibbean Sea and eas coas o No h Ame ica. Miocene deposi s o he Medi e anean (Hunga y, Spain) and A lan ic islands o Azo es, San a Ma ia. Pleis ocene deposi s in sou he n Taiwan, Sou h China Sea. Desc ip ion: Subpen agonal-o al shell, longe han wide. Su ace co e ed wi h ine adial s ia ions. Opening he ho seshoe-shaped lophopho e. I is conside ed synonymous Te eb a ulina e usa (Linne, 1758). Emig (2002) ci es he ollowing synonyms: Anomia capu -se pen is Linné, 1767 Anomia pubescens Linné, 1767 Te eb a ula e usa Re zius, 1788 C ip ode ma capu se pen is Poli 1795 Te eb a ula au i a Fleming, 1822 Te eb a ula cos a a Lowe, 1825 Te eb a ula ema gina a Risso, 1826 Te eb a ula quad a a Risso, 1826 Del hy is spa ula Menke, 1830 Te eb a ula capu -se pen is Sowe by, 1847 Te eb a ulina capu se pen is d'O bigny, 1847 Te eb a ula s ia a Leach, 1852 Te eb a ulina e usa Dall, 1920 Nowadays, i o en li es in e ical walls and ha d subs a es, mainly shells o bi al es (mainly Modiolus modiolus Linnaeus, 1758) and sponges on a e y wide ange o dep hs, om shallow wa e (3 m) o abou 1500 m (Bi ne & Doan, 2004). O de Spi i e a Waagen, 1883. Subo de Thecideidina Ellio , 1958 Supe amily Thecideacea G ay, 1840 Family Thecideidae G ay, 1840 Sub amily Lacazellinae Backhaus, 1959 Genus Lacazella Munie -Chalmas 1881 17 Lacazella medi e anea (Risso, 1826) Pla e I, Fig. 3a, 3b. 1988 Lacazella medi e anea Logan, p. 550, ig. 2,4. 2005 Lacazella medi e anea Logan, p. 103, ig. 4.1. 2012 Lacazella medi e anea Be anco , Pla e V, ig. 6-12 Ma e ial: Nume ous en al and do sal al as in poo condi ion. Cana y loca ions: G an Cana ia: Ciudad Ja dín. Fue e en u a: Coas o Ba lo en o (be ween Ajuí Ra ine and Los Molinos Ra ine). O iginal diagnosis: “Tes a sub o unda a, inaequali, lu escen e pus ula a in e ne candidísima”. S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: Oligocene-P esen s a ig aphic dis ibu ion acco ding Logan (2004b). I is p esen in he Miocene and Pliocene deposi s o he Medi e anean. Alme a (1907) ci e i in he synonymy o Thecidea Medi e anean, Risso men ions i o he Pliocene deposi s o Llano de Llob ega and Ba celona. Cu en ly loca ed on he Medi e anean Coas . Desc ip ion: Adul shell a ely exceeds 5 mm long, con ex shell, do sal al a usually la , semici cula -shaped a he han ound. Pale b own shell wi h i egula concen ic lamellae ha some imes shown g ow h. Ca dinal la , iangula , wi h iangula la belly del idium a ea. Subphylum Rhynchonelli o mea Williams, Ca lson y B u on, 1996 Class Rhynchonella a Williams, Ca lson y B u on, 1996 O de Thecideida Ellio , 1958 Supe amily Thecideoidea G ay, 1840 Family Thecideidae G ay, 1840 Sub amily Thecideinae G ay, 1840 Genus Thecidium G.B. Sowe by, 1823 Thecidium c . digi a um (Sowe by, 1823) Pla e I, Fig. 4a, 4b. 18 1823 Thecidium digi a um (Sowe by 1823, The Gene a o Recen and Fossil Shells, o he use o s uden s ). PL. XXVI, ig. 16. 1867 Thecidium digi a um U ban Schloenbach, Tab. XXIII, Fig 14 2012 Thecidium digi a um Emig, C.C., Fig 3 y 5. Ma e ial: one specimen, do sal al a Cana y loca ions: wes coas o Fue e en u a, Ba lo en o S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: unknown Desc ip ion: This is a ossil specimen ound o he Pliocene and which e e ences a e e y sca ce. Desc ibed in a ca alog by Sowe by 1823, he specimen he desc ibe has up o 6 lobes, whe eas ou sample ep esen s only 4 al hough hey a e i ually iden ical in appea ance. I is no known whe he because ou sample was in an imma u e s age o was pe haps ei he sex who p esen hese ea u es. 3.2. Ac ual b achiopods Table 2. Ac ual b achiopods iden i ied in his wo k in Cana y wa e s. S a ion (Sample) Coo dina es Dep h B achiopods Obse a ions E4 27º46.98’ N 15º22.05’ O 80 m Mege lia unca a Specimens highly agmen ed E5 27º47.02’ N 15º21.06’ O 84 m Mege lia unca a, A gy o heca ba e iana Good condi ion o conse a ion N23 28º09.857’ N 15º31.961’ O 93 m Mege lia unca a Good condi ion o conse a ion El Hie o 21 m Pajaudina a lán ica Nume ous specimens, agglome a ed oge he 19 Subphylum Rhynchonelli o mea Williams, Ca lson, B un on, Holme y Popo , 1996 Class Rhynchonella a Williams, Ca lson, B un on, Holme y Popo , 1996 O de Te eb a ulida Waagen, 1883 Subo de Te eb a ellidina Mui -Wood, 1955 Supe amily K aussinoidea Dall, 1870 Family K aussinidae Dall, 1870 Genus Mege lia King, 1850 Mege lia unca a (Linaeus, 1767) Pla e II, Fig. C, D. 1886 Mege lia unca a G ange , A., Pl. I, 3 1887 Mege lia unca a Fische , P., Pl. XV, 9 1968 Mühl eld ia unca a Lu he & Fiedle Pl. XV, ig. 9 2004b Mege lia unca a. Logan, p. 165 Ma e ial: h ee whole specimens and one o ally agmen ed. Cana y Loca ions: G an Cana ia, No h Coas (S a ion N23), Eas Coas (S a ion E4 and E5). S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: cu en ly ound in he Medi e anean Sea, u he o he wes han he eas (Spain, F ance, I aly), no hwes A ica and Maca onesia ai ly widesp ead in he egion. Desc ip ion: en al al e s ongly a ched, he do sal wi h la and p esen ing a sligh longi udinal old cen ally loca ed. Cha ac e ized by a bicon ex shell o namen ed wi h adia ing ibs which a e some imes sligh ly nodula wi h i egula concen ic lamellae, do ed g ow h. 20 Class A icula a Huxley, 1869 O de Spi i e ida Waagen, 1883 Subo de Thecideidina Ellio , 1958 Supe amily Thecideacea G ay, 1840 Family Thecideidae G ay, 1840 Sub amily Lacazellinae Backhaus, 1959 Genus Pajaudina Logan, 1988 Pajaudina a lan ica (Logan 1988) Pla e II, Fig. A, B. 1988 Pajaudina a lan ica Logan, p. 549, ig. 4. 2004a Pajaudina a lan ica Logan, pp. 210, 212. ig. 1,3. 2005 Pajaudina a lan ica Logan, p. 103, ig. 4.2. Ma e ial: many specimens, mos o hem agglome a ed oge he , uppe and lowe al as. Cana y locali ies: El Hie o, app oxima ely 20 m dep h S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: Cu en ly ound only in he Cana y Islands and he Holocene, wi hou he p esence o ossils anywhe e in he wo ld. Diagnosis: “Rela i ely la ge, elonga e lacazellinin wi h p omine up aised and lobed median amus complexy in e digi a ed wi h b anches o mino in e b achial lobes” by Logan (1988). Desc ip ion: Shell ela i ely la ge, elonga ed p o ile, longe han wide, bicon ex. Long pedicle Val a. In e a ea en al al e la , iangula and high pseudodel idium. Small b achial al e. 21 O de Theceida Ellio , 1958 Subo de Te eb a ellidina Mui -Wood, 1955 Supe amily Mega hy idoidea Dall, 1870 Family Mega hy ididae Dall, 1870 Gene o A gy o heca Dall, 1900 A gy o heca ba e iania (Da idson, 1866) Pla e II, Fig. E, F. 1866 A gy o heca ba e iana Da idson, Pl. XII, ig. 3a, 3b, 3c. 2007 A gy o heca ba e iana Ha pe & Dono an, Pl. 3, ig. 1a-1b. Ma e ial: A single specimen, ound in pe ec condi ion. Cana y loca ions: Eas coas o G an Cana ia (S a ion E5). S a ig aphic and geog aphic dis ibu ion: Cu en ly desc ibed ossil o he Wes Indies, Jamaica, by Ha pe & Dono an (2007) o he Pleis ocene and p esen , Holocene, o he Cana y Islands. Desc ip ion: whi e colo (calca eous) wi h medium sized wi h al as en ibicon exas wi h semici cula ans e se p o ile. Rounded, sha pened o pe pendicula ca dinal ex emi ies. E enly con ex la e al p o ile. Ven al in e a ea la o sligh ly cu ed. Del idium long and open. Qui e ma ked, hick and p onounced adial g oo es. 4. Discussion In his s udy, 4 ossil species belonging o wo di e en ages in he Cana y Islands a e dis inguished. Fi s , o he Pliocene deposi s ha e been iden i ied Te eb a ula sinuosa Lacazella medi e anean, Te eb a ulina capu se pen eis and Thecidium c . digi a um species (Fig. 11 and Pla e I). Te eb a ula sinuousa ound in deposi s o G an Cana ia (Ba anco Seco and Ciudad Ja dín) as well as Te eb a ulina capu se pen is (La Minilla) while Lacazella medi e anea, is well ound in G an Cana ia (Ciudad Ja dín) and in Fue e en u a (Ba lo en o Coas , be ween he Los Molinos a ine and San a Inés) (Tab. 3). While a e appoin men s o ossils o T. Sinuosa and L. Medi e anean (Be anco , 2012), in his wo k a e ound in he deposi s and iden i y T. capu se pen is and Thecidium c . digi a um being, bo h i s eco d o he Neogene o he A lan ic islands. While T. capu se pen is is cu en and ai ly common in he A lan ic and he 22 Medi e anean, ci ing i in he Cana y Islands, his ossil appoin men is a con ibu ion ha ex ends i s p esence in he A lan ic and Cana y Islands un il a leas he Pliocene. Mo eo e L. medi e anea is p esen in he Medi e anean exis ing a big con o e sy wi h one o he closes ela i es, Pajaudina a lan ica (Logan, 1988). This pape adop s he c i e ion ha L. medi e anea and P. a lan ica a e wo di e en species. Fo his, he c i e ion was ollowed by he mo phological examina ion o he inside o he al as in bo h species (Fig. 11). These di e mainly in L. medi e anea p esen s a wide b achial al a while P. a lan ica is longe eaching also in L. medi e anea la ge sizes. Inside he al a, L. medi e anea lacks median amus in he cen e , e en hough he specimen shown is p e y washed and e oded, as shown in Figu e 11. P. a lan ica no only p esen s his ype o den icula ed amus, also has a well- de ined amulus o L. medi e anea lacks. Appa en ly he s uc u e showing highe simila i ies a e he majo in e b aquiales lobes, loca ed a bo h ends o each al a. O he ossils o L. medi e anea, appea in Pied a Al a, Lanza o e, da ing om he Middle Pleis ocene (Muhs e al., in p ess) du ing MIS 11 in e glacial. Cu en ly L. medi e anea is no ci ed in he Cana y Islands bu is es ic ed o he Medi e anean egion. Howe e , i is ci ed o he Cana y Islands P. a lan ica, ound in su ace samples o El Hie o, a an ap oxima ly dep h o 20 me e s. I he e o e conside s ha L. medi e anea is mo e ela ed o ecosys ems o high empe a u e o opical-sub opical en i onmen s, being hese he p e ailing condi ions in he Pliocene and he MIS 11 in e glacial. Ecological condi ions we e signi ican ly di e en om oday. This is deno ed by he accompanying auna (Tab. 1) ypically om wa m cha ac e . The e is no ossil eco ds o b achiopods o he uppe Pleis ocene in he Cana y Islands in he di e en s MIS 5.5 ou c ops p esen in he islands: Fue e en u a, Lanza o e, G an Cana ia and Tene i e, ha e no been iden i ied ossil b achiopods. I is accep ed ha he condi ions o he Holocene (las 11.7 ky ) a e su icien ly cons an , so he cu en b achiopod auna exis s along he en i e Holocene. 23 Figu e 11. A-B Lacazella medi e ánea; C-D Pajaudina a lán ica; Specimen L. medi e anean belongs o deposi s o Pied a Al a, Lanza o e (MIS 11). I Can be pe ec ly di e en ia ed he mo phology o bo h species in he amus and amulus, which L. Medi e anea lacked i . The s udy o ma e ials om su ace samples collec ed in Ma ine Sedimen a y En i onmen s p ac ices, Facul y o Ma ine Science, by P o esso Ignacio Alonso Bilbao in 2002 in he eas and no h o G an Cana ia (Tab. 2), allowed us o ci e o he ac ual species o b achiopods o he Cana y Islands accompanying P. a lan ica. These p esen species o b achiopods a e A gy o heca ba e iana and Mege lia unca a. A. ba e iana ha e been ound ossil in he Pleis ocene o he Wes Indies, Jamaica (Ha pe & Dono an, 2007), so in he Pleis ocene may ha e a clima e in Jamaica like we ha e oday in he Cana y Islands. The e o e oceanog aphic implica ions exis be ween 24 he A lan ic and he Medi e anean egion, emaining ea i med ha he No h A lan ic Sub opical Gy e is able o unc ion as a mig a ion ou e o ce ain species. 5. Conclusions 1. Two new eco ds o ossil b achiopods a e con ibu ing o he Pliocene om he Cana y Islands ha a e also new eco ds o he maca onesic egion: Te eb a ulina capu se pen is (Zbyszewski, 1957) and Thecidium c . digi a um (Sowe by 1823). 2. Fu he mo e o hese species, wo species men ioned abo e a e con i med, so he e a e now ou known species o he Pliocene om he Cana y Islands: Te eb a ula sinuosa (B occhi, 1814) Lacazella medi e anea (Risso, 1826) Te eb a ulina capu se pen is (Zbyszewski, 1957) Thecidium c . digi a um (Sowe by, 1823) 3. I con ibu es h ee ac ual ci a ions o Cana y b achiopods: A gy o heca ba e iana (Da idson, 1866), Mege lia unca a (Linaeus 1767) and Pajaudina a lan ica (Logan 1988). Also, he i s wo a e i s eco ds o he a chipelago. 4. This s udy use a c i e ia o esol e he con o e sy be ween he species P. a lan ica and L. medi e anean. The mo phological di e ences be ween hem show ha bo h species a e no only di e en , bu also belong o di e en genus. 5. The las ossil eco d in he Cana y Islands o L. medi e anea is MIS 11 deposi s om Pied a Al a, Lanza o e. The ea e no hing is known abou i s p esence in he a chipielago. The p esen p esence o P. a lan ica sugges s an a ini y o ecological-clima ic condi ions di e en om oday by L. medi e anea, which appea ela ed o a wa me clima e han he p esen judging by i s accompanying auna (Fig. 3; Tab. 1). 31 D. Edua do González Ál a ez , con DNI 45330221G, y di ecciona e ec os de no i icación: Paseo de las Can e as, nº70 1e piso, au o del TFT denominado “B aquiópodos pliocenos pleis ocenos y de las Cana ias o ien ales con mención de los ac uales” pa a ob ene el í ulo de más e den o del p og ama de Oceanog a ía, hace cons a : 1-.Pa a la elabo ación de es e abajo se han ealizado las sien es ac i idades: a) Es udios axonómicos y sis emá icos sob e ejempla es ósiles y ac uales. b) Es udios geológicos sob e los di e en es a lo amien os osilí e os den o del ma co geológico de los edi icios insula es. c) T abajo de campo, ecolección de especímenes, ca alogado y deposi o en la colección de ósiles de la ULPGC. d) Fo og a iado de especímenes ósiles. e) Es udios bibliog á icos Es as ac i idades se han desa ollado a lo la go de los úl imos 15 meses den o el labo a o io de Paleon ología, Paleoclima ología y Paleoceanog a ía del Depa amen o de Biología de la Facul ad de Ciencias del Ma (ULPGC) 2-. Fo mación ecibida. A lo la go de es e pe iodo de abajo, desde el Labo a o io de Paleon ología de la ULPGC se ha p e endido do a D. Edua do González Ál a ez de los conocimien os, ap i udes y ecu sos básicos pa a a on a un es udio de ipo paleoclimá ico, paleoceanog á ico y paleon ológico. Es os ecu sos aba can desde capacidades elacionadas con la axonomía y la sis emá ica has a a amien o de la in o mación y sopo es y he amien as in o má icas. 3-. La pe spec i a de es e abajo es sen a las bases de colabo aciones u u as. Una p ime a de i ada de es e abajo es la publicación y di usión de sus esul ados den o del ma co de las e is as paleon ológicas. Es o supone una se ie de abajos u u os que ecalcan la in eg ación den o de es e g upo de in es igación. Du an e es e pe iodo la elación ha sido luida, conside ándose desde es e g upo D. Edua do González Ál a ez como un ac i o más del mismo y que puede apo a conocimien os y abajos en un campo de g an in e és. Es necesa io des aca que el g upo de paleon ología p esen a un 32 amaño muy educido, es ando ac ualmen e in eg ado po el p o eso emé i o D . Joaquín Meco Cab e a y el D . Juan F ancisco Be anco Lozano como colabo ado ex e no. La in eg ación de un nue o colabo ado supone un e ue zo pa a las es uc u as y p oyec os de es e g upo. 4-. Algunos aspec os posi i os de la ealización de un TFT de es e ipo, supone la ampliación de conocimien o de aquel campo que a uno le inquie e y en el que se quie a p o undiza . Algún aspec o nega i o pod ía llega a se el hecho de ebusca o indaga en algún ema o ‘sub ema’ del que exis e poca in o mación. G acias a la ayuda de in e ne , de nume osos abajos publicados y de la o mación ecibida, hace posible que lle e a cabo el obje i o. 5-. La paleon ología, así como sus campos más p óximos como la paleoceanog a ía y la paleoclima ología, son ciencias que ac ualmen e en las islas son de poca di ulgación y conocimien o. Realiza es e abajo supone, no sólo un ni el o ma i o de un g ado ele ado, sino que ambién inicia a la pe sona a in oluc a se con el medio ambien e, in e p e a las o maciones geológicas que lo odean, pensando y sob e odo cap ando la cu iosidad de odo aquel que p es a un mínimo de a ención de es a ex ao dina ia ciencia. Pa a que cons e a ec os opo unos. En Las Palmas de G an cana ia, a 3 de diciemb e de 2013 Edua do González Ál a ez