Zooplankton biomass and abundance in the Coastal Transition Zone off Northwest Africa

JuanCarlosGarijoLópez&SantiagoHernándezLeón CienciaCompartida UniversidaddeLasPalmasdeGranCanaria Mayo2012 1.Introduction 30 ' O· 3 0" 60' N Paco' / orlh EqualOrel J Eq.¡aIOIIIII __ ~ --- CounUl. Soulh EQuaJOl'lll - Soulh Pao/IC I~ ~ L bf • ~ ¿ "lIFIle G 'Sl Ollft ; N Eq.¡alOnlll ry; 60· AnlarebC CIrcumpolar Warm ClXrent N Equ toriaI / " ..... elle Cn:umpolll. Robmson ProJectlon ----~~ Cok! ClXrent 1.Introduction The CTZoffNWAfrica Benítez-Barrios et al., 2011 Arístegui et al., 2009 Intensemesoscale oceanographic activity Generation of filaments and island‐induced eddies C C C AA C. Bojador A A A A A A A F C C C F F F F F C August, 1999 SST -200 -150 -100 -50 Depth (m) 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 >3 -200 -150 -100 -50 Depth (m) 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 21 22 La Palma Gomera Tenerife Gran Canaria Fuertevetura 4 2 Elevation(Km) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 137 144 A 152 99 91 83 72 65 51 56 Arístegui et al., 2005 Accumulation in the core Isotherm elevation Localized upwellings Sinking of surface waters to deeper layers Cyclonic eddies Anticyclonic eddies Eddy-filament systems Plankton transport and distribution Export offshore 1.Introduction Oceanic trophic chain Roleofzooplankton inthe biological pump inthe ocean -It connects the microbial food web with the larger organisms -Control of communities located in the upper and lower levels -Recycling, redistribution and export of material and energy active carbon flux -Biomass -Abundance -Taxonomical composition -Distribution understand trophic web ocean 2.Material&Methods >2000particles >1000µmfraction <1000µmfraction 2.Material&Methods Trainingsetofapproximately 2000images Chaetognatha Euphausiid‐like Gelatinous Other Mesozooplankton Copepoda ‐Associatedwiththoseparameters,thesoftwareproportionedindividualizedpictures ‐They were used to manually create atrainingset 2.Material&Methods Discards 2.Material&Methods Group ab ±SE r Copepoda 43.97 1.52±0.02 0.972 Chaetognatha 23.45 1.19±0.13 0.840 Euphausiid-like 49.58 1.48±0.05 0.987 Gelatinous 43.17 1.02±0.38 0.916 Other Mesozooplankton 43.38 1.54±0.03 0.947 Lehette and Hernández-León (2009) Necessary a relationship between biomass and one of the parameters automatically measured ZooImage 1 36.2 36.3 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.8 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 Stations 70 Salinit y Depth (m) 50 100 150 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 7476 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 Temperature (ºC ) 3.Results&Discussion 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations Temperature (ºC) 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.8 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations Salinit y Filament 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW Latitude 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW Longitude 13.5ºW 70 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations Copepod Abundance (%) 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW Latitude 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 13.5ºW Copepod Abundance (%) Longitude 3.Results&Discussion Biomass (mg dw · m3)Transect 1 % Transect 2 % Upwelling % Filament % Eddy % Total 6.7±3.8 5.7±3.7 11.7±4.6 5.1±3.7 5.5±3.1 Copepod 4.9±2.8 73.8 4.5±2.9 78.8 8.4±4.9 71.6 3.3±2.1 76.3 3.9±2.7 78.3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations 70 Depth (m) 50 100 150 Abundance (%) Transect 1 Transect 2 Upwelling Filament Anticyclonic eddy Copepod 82.4±9.5 94.8±2.4 83.2±7.3 84.4±7.7 82.9±12.1 3.Results&Discussion Abundance (%) 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Other Mesozooplankton Gelatinous Euphausiid-like Chaetognatha Copepoda 4 11 20 27 36 43 51 57 6474 76 Stations 70 Abundance (%) 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Other Mesozooplankton Gelatinous Euphausiid-like Chaetognatha Copepoda 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations Biomass (%) 60 70 80 90 100 Other Mesozooplankton Gelatinous Euphausiid-like Chaetognatha Copepoda 13.5ºW 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 4 11 20 27 36 43 51 57 6474 76 Stations 70 Longitude Biomass (%) 60 70 80 90 100 Other Mesozooplankton Gelatinous Eupahusiid-like Chaetognatha Copepoda 67 68 69 70 71 72 Latitude 28ºN 27.5ºN 27.25ºN 27.75ºN Stations ‐‐ ‐Euphausiids did not follow a clear coast‐open ocean pattern ‐They were affected by the nictemeral cycle ‐It coincides with the migratory nature of this species 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations 28ºW 27.75ºW 27.5ºW 27.25ºW Latitude 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW 13.5ºW Longitude 3.Results&Discussion Abundance (%) Total Upwelling Filament Anticyclonic eddy 200-500 µm 28.2±9.1 21.1±6.3 31.7±10.5 30.9±9.5 500-1000 µm 61.1±9.1 65.7±5.6 52.4±10.3 63.2±7.9 >1000 µm 10.1±7.5 13.1±8.1 13.9±8.4 6.3±3.4 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 70 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 67 68 69 70 71 72 Stations This distribution follows the generalsize‐pattern with an opposite distribution between the large andthe small organisms 3.Results&Discussion 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 4 11 2027 36 4351 5764 74 76 Stations 70 Depth (m) 50 100 150 and Copepods 0.02 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.5 0.54 4 11 2027 36 4351 57 64 74 76 Stations Depth (m) 50 100 150 14ºW 14.5ºW 15ºW 15.5ºW 16ºW Longitude 13.5ºW 70 3.Results&Discussion >10 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 >5 mgdw·m-3 U >5 mgdw·m-3 A >5 mgdw·m-3 F