Improving allocation and layout in production logistics

Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 557 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu h ps://doi.o g/10.22306/al. 10i4.434 Recei ed: 05 June 2023; Re ised: 26 No . 2023; Accep ed: 10 Dec. 2023 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka Technical Uni e si y o Košice, Facul y BERG, Ins i u e o Logis ics and T anspo , Pa k Komenského 14, 04384 Košice, Slo ak Republic, EU, ma in.s aka@ uke.sk Pe e Kacma y Technical Uni e si y o Košice, Facul y BERG, Ins i u e o Logis ics and T anspo , Pa k Komenského 14, 04384 Košice, Slo ak Republic, EU, pe e .kacma y@ uke.sk (co esponding au ho ) Pe Bes a VŠB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, 17. lis opanu 21/1572, 708 33 Os a a-Po uba, Czech Republic, EU, pe .bes a@ sb.cz Keywo ds: alloca ion and layou , logis ics, sys em, wo kplaces, p oduc ion. Abs ac : The a icle deals wi h he p incipled solu ion o alloca ion and layou o wo kplaces in a company p oducing o a ie y building componen s. Alloca ion and layou a e e y impo an a eas o ensu ing he e icien ope a ion o companies engaged in p oduc ion as well as in comme cial ac i i ies. Bo h alloca ion and layou solu ions ha e a s a egic impo ance o companies. The in es iga ed company p oduces cons uc ion me al elemen s as a pa o mode n cons uc ion echnologies. The p oblem is ela ed o he cons an imp o ing ac i i ies in he company in o de o ensu e i s compe i i eness on he ma ke . The p oduc ion p ocess o cons uc ion me al elemen s consis s o wo kplaces such as cu ing, d illing, milling, welding and gal anizing. Wo kplaces o inspec ion and loading o inished p oduc s a e non- p oduc ion. The solu ion o he p ojec was aimed a s eamlining ac i i ies in e ms o logis ics, ma e ial lows as well as in e ms o sa e y. 1 In oduc ion While sea ching o possibili ies o inc ease he p oduc ion capaci ies o he manu ac u ing o building elemen s in he in es iga ed company, he p oblem a ose how o e ec i ely alloca e and place p oduc ion equipmen , wa ehouses, bu e s, o implemen anspo ou es in hei p oduc ion hall whe e building elemen s a e made. This is also a ended by s eamlining o he layou o p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas in he hall o mee echnological, sa e y and capaci y equi emen s. The p ocedu e o e ec i e solu ion o alloca ion and layou consis s o he ollowing pa s: • Measu emen o p emises, p oduc ion machines, equipmen and wo kplaces. • Analysis o spa ial pa ame e s, possibili ies and limi a ions, machines and equipmen , ma e ial inpu s and ou pu s o p oduc s, ma e ial lows in a space, s o age possibili ies and legisla i e egula ions and s anda ds. • Design o logis ic elemen s, handling uni s o he needs o e ec i e ac i i ies in p oduc ion. • Design o he alloca ion and layou o p oduc ion wo kplaces, machines and equipmen o he placemen o ma e ial a he en ance and du ing p oduc ion, he loca ion o he en ance and exi o p oduc s o gal anizing and he loca ion o inished p oduc s. • P ocess-e icien s o age o semi- inished p oduc s, e icien anspo ou es wi hin he p oduc ion hall, c ea ing pa hs o he sa e y mo emen o wo ke s. 2 Li e a u e e iew Alloca ion and layou a e an impo an elemen o he e ec i e inc ease o capaci ies in logis ics. The impo ance o alloca ion and layou solu ions is s ill he same o any manu ac u ing company. Many companies app oach he solu ion o alloca ion and layou sys ema ically, bu some make layou mo e e icien only o e ime, based on hei acqui ed expe ience and knowledge. The au ho s Gabajo á, e al. s a e in hei publica ion ha : “Designing a wo kplace may be a challenging ask. I is impo an o make su e ha he new wo kplace will p e en unnecessa y esou ce was e, bu also c ea e a sa e wo king en i onmen o employees” [1]. Solu ion o alloca ion and also, wi hin ce ain limi a ions, layou is a s a egic solu ion ha will be implemen ed in p ac ice o se e al yea s. Fo his eason, he solu ion mus be app oached wi h all se iousness. Alloca ion is a p ocess ha esul s in he loca ion o he company, wa ehouse, p oduc ion, machine and e e y hing ha can be alloca ed on an a ea o in a speci ic space [2]. In e ms o e ec i e alloca ion and layou solu ions, many me hods and p ocedu es can be used. The au ho s K ono á, e al. used, o example, he Clus e Analysis me hod o sol ing layou , which is desc ibed in hei wo k [3]. Many au ho s use compu e simula ion as an e ec i e means o sol ing alloca ion and layou p oblems [4-8]. Acco ding o au ho s G zná , e al. “The one o he mos impo an asks in designing is de ailed design. In his p ocess, he inal layou o he elemen s, oge he wi h hei demands o space in a common 2D and 3D iew, plays a a he complex ma e ” [9]. Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 558 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu One o he popula me hods o sol ing o he men ioned p oblem is he CRAFT me hod (Compu e ized Rela i e Alloca ion o Facili ies Technique), which belongs o he g oup o enume a i e me hods and gi es he op imal solu ion unde de ined condi ions and cons ain s. The applica ion o he abo e me hod is p ac ically desc ibed in he pape s [10-13]. The e a e a numbe o p ocedu es and me hods ha can be used o sol e a s a egic decision o alloca ion and layou in p ac ice. The e o e, he au ho s o his pape , when w i ing he a icle, limi ed hemsel es o he ac ual side and de ining he p inciple p ocedu es ha can be used in gene al in he subjec ma e wi h a p ac ical demons a ion o he solu ion o he speci ic ask. 3 Me hodology Inapp op ia e alloca ion and layou o p oduc ion acili ies leads o ine icien logis ics, p olonged ma e ial lows, longe anspo imes and an inc eased need o in e media e wa ehouses (bu e s) o ma e ials, semi- inished and inished p oduc s. All his inc eases he cos s associa ed wi h he p oduc ion i sel . Alloca ion and layou e iciency concen a es capaci y, ma e ial, economic, sa e y and echnological ules in o de o minimize subjec i e app oaches in he alloca ion and layou o wo kplaces and p oduc ion acili ies. The solu ion o he p oblem applies a p ojec app oach wi h he basic pos ula es o logis ics such as he sys ems app oach, algo i hmic hinking, coo dina ion, planning and global op imiza ion, which a e con ained in he pa s o ming he me hodology: • The global objec i e o he p ojec solu ion is o inc ease p oduc i i y, inc ease he capaci y u iliza ion o equipmen , educe cos s and inc ease sa e y a wo k. • To analyse he ac ual s a e o layou o p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas, including palle s, c a es and boxes ha o m small bu e s. • To de ine and desc ibe he c i e ia and p inciples o he deploymen o p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas and bu e s in he p oduc ion hall, whe e building elemen s a e made. • To de elop a sys em o deploymen and o p opose deploymen op ions aking in o accoun he de ined c i e ia. • To design logis ics elemen s, handling uni s o he needs o s eamlining ope a ions in p oduc ion. • To de ine he c i e ia o he selec ion o he mos e icien a ian . • To design an e icien layou o p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas and bu e s by means o a sys em solu ion unde de ined condi ions. 4 Resul and discussion Conside ing he new ends in building indus y, he company is ocused on he de elopmen and p oduc ion o cons uc ion elemen s ha se e bo h o ensu e and o implemen cons uc ion ope a ions and p ocesses. The p io i y o he p oduc ion o cons uc ion elemen s is a sus ainable s a e o e ec i ely spen cos s o hei p oduc ion, which is achie ed by: s eamlining logis ics p ocesses, s eamlining p oduc ion p ocesses and using sui able echnological equipmen and sui able ma e ials as well as hei s eamlining alloca ion and layou . 4.1 P esen a ion o he o e ed se ices Since i s es ablishmen , he company has been engaged in he de elopmen and p oduc ion o i on building elemen s o i s own cons uc ion. In addi ion o he p oduc ion o i on cons uc ion elemen s, he company o e s se ices in he ield o p ocessing and implemen a ion o ope a ions ela ed o mechanical p oduc ion and p ocessing o i on elemen s such as shee s, " oxo s" ( ein o cing s eel), s eel ba s wi h a ious p o iles (I, L, T, U, □, ○, e c.), pipes, p isms, e c. Classi ica ion o o e ed se ices is ollowed: • Cu ing - ci cula saw, au oma ic band saw, plasma cu e . • Ca ing by plasma. • D illing - manual, s and d ill, au oma ic. • Tu ning. • Th ead milling. • Welding - elec ic a c welding in a p o ec i e a mosphe e o ine gas, spo welding. • Bending - manual, machine. 4.2 Ma e ial low analysis The e a e 6 main ma e ial lows in he company (Figu e 1), which a e cha ac e ized by pa s wi h inal p oduc ion o wi h p oduc ion o he inaliza ion o building elemen s. The ma e ial low analysis shows ha ma e ial lows h ough he p oduc ion hall acco ding o he p oduc ion echnology o each p oduc . In he p oduc ion o indi idual p oduc s, many o he p oduc ion ope a ions a e iden ical (cu ing, welding, d illing, milling, cleaning and e-d illing a e gal anisa ion, s o age, a ixing ID labels). The p oduc ion ope a ions ha e hei own p oduc -speci ic pa ame e s, which c ea es conside able a iabili y in e ms o equipmen se -up and he e o e handling ime equi emen s, as well as space equi emen s o he s o age o ma e ials a he s a o p oduc ion, wo k-in-p ocess ma e ials, semi- inished p oduc s, p e-gal anising o gal anising p oduc s, and inished p oduc s. Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 559 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu Figu e 1 Main lows o ma e ial, semi- inished p oduc s and p oduc s Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 560 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu 4.3 Iden i ica ion o de iciencies in e ms o ma e ial lows The e a e ollowing indings and sho comings ound om he sys em analysis o he company's ac i i ies ocused on he alloca ion and layou o p oduc ion equipmen , ma e ials, semi- inished p oduc s, p oduc s, was e and ma e ial lows: • The company places i s wo k-in-p og ess, semi- inished p oduc s, p oduc s and was e in a la ge a ea wi hin he p oduc ion a ea (Figu e 2). • Ma e ials in p oduc ion, semi- inished p oduc s, p oduc s and was e a e s o ed in a ious non- s anda dised "boxes o con aine s" (pape and polys y ene boxes, plas ic c a es, i on con aine s, bucke s, wooden boxes, e c.), many o which a e no sui able in e ms o s eng h, echnically and sa e y. • "Con aine s" wi h p oduc ion ma e ial, semi- inished p oduc s, p oduc s and was e a e placed on se e al di e en ypes o palle s. • Down ime on special p oduc ion equipmen , such as au oma ed d illing machines, caused by lack o quali ied pe sonnel and p oduc ion planning. • Ine icien ly used space a ound he plasma cu e o blocked space a ound he plasma cu e wi h a ious ma e ials and p oduc ion was e (Figu e 3). • Ine icien use o space o he dispensing and ecei ing o semi- inished goods and p oduc s. • C ossing o ma e ial lows in he p oduc ion hall. • Repe i i e loading and unloading o semi- inished and inished p oduc s in and ou o c a es, on and o ehicles. Figu e 2 Loca ion o ma e ials, semi- inished p oduc s, p oduc s and was e in he p oduc ion hall Figu e 3 Ine icien ly used space a ound he plasma cu e in he p oduc ion hall 4.4 Design concep o he alloca ion and layou o he wo kplace and p oduc ion acili ies The e is ad isable o implemen he ollowing measu es o ge he ope a ion o wo k in he p oduc ion hall mo e e icien , which include p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas, including palle s, c a es and boxes and bu e s: • To in oduce s anda dised palle s in o he p oduc ion p ocess. • To in oduce s anda dized palle me al boxes and handling uni s in o he p oduc ion p ocess. • To in oduce s anda dized palle acks, s acking o palle s in o he p oduc ion p ocess. • To in oduce s o age acks and a shel s acke o me al shee s (pla es) in o he p oduc ion p ocess. • To s eamline he layou o wo kplaces while espec ing echnical, echnological and sa e y condi ions and cons ain s. As many non-s anda dised c a es, boxes, as well as di e en ypes o palle s a e used in p oduc ion, i is necessa y o in oduce s anda dised palle s, c a es and boxes o s eamline handling, mo ing and s o age ope a ions. 4.4.1 S o age - handling uni s The design o handling uni s o he s o age o ma e ials, semi- inished p oduc s, wo k-in-p og ess and inished p oduc s is based on he exis ing dimensions o he mos common used eu o palle s 800 x 1200 mm (Figu e 4), in addi ion o specialised anspo uni s. The heigh o he eu o palle s is se a 144 mm acco ding o STN 26 9110 s anda d. I s possible load capaci y is as ollows (acco ding o he men ioned s anda d): • 1 000 kg, i he load is a bi a ily dis ibu ed on he uppe su ace o he palle ; • 1 500 kg, i he load is e enly placed on he op su ace o he palle ; Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 561 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu • 2 000 kg, i he load in solid o m i s e enly ac oss he en i e uppe su ace o he palle ; • 4 000 kg an addi ional load when s acking, i he load is on a palle adjacen , ull la on a ho izon al and igid su ace. Figu e 4 S anda d Eu o palle size 800 x 1200 mm The design o he in e nal handling uni (he ea e e e ed o as he box) o use wi h a s anda d Eu o palle (bu also wi hou i ) is 600 x 400 x 200 o 400 mm (l x w x h) o small-sized elemen s (Figu e 5). Acco ding o he abo e palle and enclosu e dimensions, he shape and especially he dimensions o he handling boxes and he a angemen on palle s (Figu e 6) a e designed o be 1200 mm x 800 mm o 1200 mm x 1000 mm. Figu e 5 Design o handling boxes and hei dimensions Figu e 6 S acking o p oposed boxes on s anda dised palle s 4.4.2 Alloca ion and layou o wo kplaces in compliance wi h echnical, echnological and sa e y condi ions and es ic ions The solu ion and design o he alloca ion and layou o wo kplaces, p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas and bu e s mus ake in o accoun he equi emen s and es ic ions de ined by legisla ion, Slo ak echnical s anda ds, manu ac u ing echnology and obse e sa e y a wo k. The basic cons ain s and equi emen s ha need o be aken in o accoun when designing he layou a e: • Co ido s wid hs and space a ound machine y and equipmen . • Wid h o ansi ion aisles. • Escape ou es. • Taking in o accoun he sequence o lows o ma e ials, semi- inished and inished p oduc s. • The needs de e mined by he manu ac u ing echnology. • Wo ke s equi emen s. • Limi a ions due o he echnical condi ion o he p oduc ion hall. The layou designs (Figu e 7, Figu e 8) o wo kplaces, p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas and bu e s a e based on he ollowing condi ions: • The a ea a ound he headqua e s (Con ol and Pe sonnel Cen e), has o o m a sa e zone o he p oduc ion loo pe sonnel. No o kli o o he ehicles shall en e he zone, any o he elemen s es ic ing mo emen such as ma e ials, shee s, cu ings, p oduc s, e c. canno be placed in he zone. The zone wi h he en ance and exi a he Con ol Cen e will o m one o he main g een escape ou es. • The ansi ion co ido in he middle o he hall mus be clea , wi hou se ious es ic ions. In addi ion o he ma e ial en ances and exi s, he co ido also se es as an escape ou e, loca ed in he cen e o he hall be ween he wo opposi e doo s. I mus be kep clea om he poin o iew o i s unc ionali y and o ensu e he con inui y o ma e ial lows, supply and sa e y. • The unc ional o m o he p oduc s is gi en by he welding wo kplaces. Welding p ocesses o m he essence o p oduc ion, i is ad isable o cen alize hem and place hem among he columns in he p oduc ion hall wi h dimensions pe one welding wo kplace o abou 4 x 4 me e s. The ma e ial lows a e concen a ed a he welding wo kplaces, which ha e hei own ma e ial inpu s and ou pu s ha a e dimensionally he e ogeneous and as well as hey a e ela ed o each o he in e ms o echnological p ocesses. Fo hese easons, i is ad isable ha he wo kplaces should ha e dimensional a iabili y on bo h, he inpu and ou pu sides o he wo kplace. • The p oduc ion ope a ions, wi h hei echnical suppo , which o m he main con en o he p oduc ion and a e ca ied ou egula ly, consis ing o se e al ypes o simila o iden ical equipmen (d illing, cu ing), will be cumula ed wi hin hei sec ions. This measu e can ha e he syne gis ic e ec o inc easing p oduc ion and he subs i u abili y o p oduc ion equipmen in one sec ion, wi hou he need o unnecessa y ma e ial ans e s. • P oduc ion ope a ions, wi h hei echnical suppo , which do no o m he main con en o p oduc ion and a e ca ied ou spo adically, will be loca ed a he end o a he wall in he p oduc ion hall ( u ning, h ead cu ing, milling). 600 400 400 600 400 2 0 0 800 1000 1200 Box4Box3 Box2Box1 Box3 Box5 Box4 Box1 Box2 Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 562 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu • I is necessa y o use s anda dized logis ic acks as well as a ailable, non-s anda d bu sa e ee a eas, e.g. on he oo o a ool-wa ehouse-shel e in he p oduc ion hall o he needs o e icien loca ion and s o age o ools, empla es, ma ices and o he elemen s o p oduc ion needs. • I is necessa y o use he s o age o he shee s in a specialised sel -suppo ing ack, which is no connec ed o he suppo ing columns in he hall (as i was be o e) o he e icien and sa e placemen o he s eel pla es (shee s), o he plasma cu e zone. This solu ion opens up he possibili y o a iabili y o he loca ion o he shee me al s o age in a di e en loca ion o he p oduc ion hall columns. Figu e 7 Design o he sec ion layou in he p oduc ion hall, schema ic ep esen a ion Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 563 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu Figu e 8 Design o he sec ion layou in he p oduc ion hall Ac a l Ac a lAc a l Ac a logis ica ogis icaogis ica ogis ica - -- - In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis icsIn e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics In e na ional Scien i ic Jou nal abou Logis ics Volume: 10 2023 Issue: 4 Pages: 557-565 ISSN 1339-5629 Imp o ing alloca ion and layou in p oduc ion logis ics Ma in S aka, Pe e Kacma y, Pe Bes a ~ 564 ~ Copy igh © Ac a Logis ica, www.ac alogis ica.eu 5 Conclusions The ac ual solu ion o alloca ion and layou has i s own laws, ules, echniques, p ocedu es and me hods. In many scien i ic pape s, i is possible o ind p ocedu es whose solu ion is based on common egula i ies such as he use o compu e simula ion [14-17], he use o modelling and CAD sys ems [18-21], he use o mul i-c i e ia decision making [22-25] o o he app oaches o sol e e icien alloca ion and layou [26-30]. The in en ion o he alloca ion and layou solu ion was o design an e icien layou o me al building elemen s p oduc ion wo kplaces based on hei ope a ions and p ocesses as well as logis ical pa e ns o he needs o p oduc ion e iciency and layou o p oduc ion and in e ope a ion equipmen , s o age and in e s o age a eas and bu e s in he p oduc ion hall, while mee ing he de ined echnical, echnological, sa e y and op imiza ion c i e ia. The concep ual solu ion o alloca ion and layou o he company engaged in he p oduc ion o me al building elemen s b ough sa ings in he o m o 30% educ ion o c ossing ma e ial lows, inc eased sa e y a wo k, c ea ed wo kplaces ha we e a anged acco ding o he p ocedu e de ined by he echnology o p oduc s manu ac u ing, which ensu es smoo h ma e ial lows, sa e zones wi hou mechaniza ion ha we e de ined o wo ke s, s anda diza ion was in oduced in e ms o echnical, p oduc ion and logis ic means, small bu e s loca ed in a conside able a ea in he p oduc ion hall we e elimina ed and o he places wi hou p ac ical use we e elimina ed oo. Acknowledgemen The submi ed pape is a pa o he p ojec 010TUKE- 4/2023 - Applica ion o educa ional obo s in he p ocess o eaching he s udy p og am indus ial logis ics. 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