Search for leptonic charge asymmetry in tt¯ W production in final states with three leptons at √s = 13 TeV

JHEP07(2023)033 Published o SISSA by Sp inge Recei ed:Janua y 12, 2023 Re ised:May 26, 2023 Accep ed:June 17, 2023 Published:July 5, 2023 Sea ch o lep onic cha ge asymme y in ¯ W p oduc ion in inal s a es wi h h ee lep ons a √s= 13 TeV The ATLAS collabo a ion E-mail: [email p o ec ed] Abs ac : A sea ch o he lep onic cha ge asymme y ( A` c ) o op-qua k-an iqua k pai p oduc ion in associa ion wi h a W boson ( ¯ W ) is p esen ed. The sea ch is pe o med using inal s a es wi h exac ly h ee cha ged ligh lep ons (elec ons o muons) and is based on √s = 13 TeV p o on-p o on collision da a collec ed wi h he ATLAS de ec o a he La ge Had on Collide a CERN du ing he yea s 2015–2018, co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 139 b −1 . A p o ile-likelihood i o he e en yields in mul iple egions co esponding o posi i e and nega i e di e ences be ween he pseudo apidi ies o he cha ged lep ons om op-qua k and op-an iqua k decays is used o ex ac he cha ge asymme y. A econs uc ion le el, he asymme y is ound o be − 0 . 12 ± 0 . 14 (s a .) ± 0 . 05 (sys .). An un olding p ocedu e is applied o con e he esul a econs uc ion le el in o a cha ge-asymme y alue in a iducial olume a pa icle le el wi h he esul o − 0 . 11 ± 0 . 17 (s a .) ± 0 . 05 (sys .). The S anda d Model expec a ions o hese wo obse ables a e calcula ed using Mon e Ca lo simula ions wi h nex - o-leading-o de plus pa on showe p ecision in quan um ch omodynamics and including nex - o-leading-o de elec oweak co ec ions. They a e − 0 . 084 +0.005 −0.003 (scale) ± 0 . 006 (MC s a .) and − 0 . 063 +0.007 −0.004 (scale) ±0.004 (MC s a .) espec i ely, and in ag eemen wi h he measu emen s. Keywo ds: Had on-Had on Sca e ing , Top Physics A Xi eP in : 2301.04245 Open Access, Copy igh CERN, o he bene i o he ATLAS Collabo a ion. A icle unded by SCOAP3. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)033 JHEP07(2023)033 Con en s 1 In oduc ion 1 2 The ATLAS de ec o 4 3 Da a and simula ed e en samples 5 4 E en econs uc ion 8 5 E en selec ion and de ini ions o con ol and signal egions 10 6 Lep on– op-qua k ma ching 11 7 Sys ema ic unce ain ies in backg ound and signal es ima ion 12 7.1 De ec o - ela ed unce ain ies 12 7.2 Signal and backg ound modelling unce ain ies 13 8 Ex ac ion o he cha ge asymme y a econs uc ion le el 14 9 Un olding and ex ac ion o he cha ge asymme y a pa icle le el 22 9.1 Pa icle-le el objec s 22 9.2 Pa icle-le el iducial olume 23 9.3 Un olding p ocedu e and cha ge-asymme y ex ac ion 23 10 Conclusions 26 The ATLAS collabo a ion 35 1 In oduc ion The p oduc ion o a op-qua k–an iqua k ( ¯ ) pai in associa ion wi h a W boson, commonly e e ed o as ¯ W , is a a e p ocess in he S anda d Model (SM) ha can be p oduced a he La ge Had on Collide (LHC). S a e-o - he-a c oss-sec ion calcula ions o he ¯ W p ocess a e especially complex, as la ge co ec ions a ise om highe powe s o bo h he s ong and weak couplings [ 1 ]. Thus, measu emen s o he ¯ W p ocess ep esen a sensi i e es o he p edic ions o quan um ch omodynamics (QCD) and he elec oweak (EW) sec o o he SM, as well as hei in e play. Bo h he inclusi e and di e en ial c oss-sec ion measu emen s a e e y ele an , as hey can p o ide indi ec hin s o new physics beyond he SM (BSM) in scena ios whe e a leas one o he SM couplings is modi ied [ 2 ]. Fu he mo e, he ¯ W p ocess can be one o he main backg ounds in sea ches o BSM phenomena, such as supe symme ic squa k o gluino p oduc ion o ec o -like qua ks [ 3 , 4 ]. I also ep esen s – 1 – JHEP07(2023)033 ¯ W± ¯q q′ g ¯ W± ¯q q′ Z/γ ¯ ¯q′ W± ¯q g W± ¯ ¯q′ ¯q g H (a) (b) (c) (d) Figu e 1. Examples o Feynman diag ams o ¯ W p oduc ion a (a,b) LO and (c,d) NLO wi h one ex a pa on. The diag ams show (a,c) QCD and (b,d) EW ¯ W p oduc ion. an i educible backg ound in many measu emen s o SM p ocesses such as ¯ p oduc ion in associa ion wi h a Higgs boson ( ¯ H ) o he p oduc ion o ou op qua ks ( ¯ ¯ ) [ 5 , 6 ]. The inclusi e c oss-sec ion o ¯ W p oduc ion has been measu ed by bo h he ATLAS and CMS collabo a ions a √s = 13 TeV using pa ial and ull LHC Run 2 da ase s [ 7 , 8 ], espec i ely. Illus a i e Feynman diag ams con ibu ing o ¯ W p oduc ion a leading o de (LO) and nex - o-leading o de (NLO) o bo h QCD and EW p oduc ion a e shown in igu e 1 whe e q0 indica es a qua k o di e en la ou om ha o he o he ini ial-s a e qua k. A LO, only he q¯q0 ini ial s a e is p esen ( igu e 1a,b). A NLO, he qua k-gluon ( qg ) channels open up ( igu e 1c,d), whe eas gluon-gluon ( gg ) usion p oduc ion does no con ibu e un il nex - o-nex - o-leading-o de (NNLO) co ec ions a e included. In ¯ p oduc ion, he op qua k ( op an iqua k) is p e e en ially p oduced in he di ec ion o he incoming qua k (an iqua k). This is due o he in e e ence e ec s be ween ampli udes in he q¯q ini ial s a e and esul s in a di e ence in he apidi y dis ibu ion be ween op qua ks and op an iqua ks. 1 In p o on-p o on ( pp ) collisions a he LHC, his p oduc ion asymme y esul s in a cen al- o wa d apidi y cha ge asymme y as op qua ks (an iqua ks) a e p oduced wi h mo e o wa d (cen al) apidi ies. Gi en ha ¯ p oduc ion a he LHC is domina ed by he cha ge-symme ic gg ini ial s a e, such asymme y is a sub le (o de o 1%) e ec . This is di e en om he si ua ion a he Te a on collide ( p¯p collisions), whe e a o wa d-backwa d asymme y can be de ined wi h espec o he p o on beam, and q¯qcollisions domina e o e gg, yielding a mo e sizable signal (10%) [9]. The op-qua k-based apidi y cha ge asymme y (A c,y) is de ined by A c,y =N(∆y >0) −N(∆y <0) N(∆y >0) + N(∆y <0),(1.1) whe e ∆ y = |y |−|y¯ | is he di e ence be ween he absolu e apidi ies o he op qua k ( |y | ) and op an iqua k (|y¯ |), espec i ely. In ¯ W p oduc ion, he ela i e dominance o he q¯q0 ini ial s a e leads o a la ge apidi y cha ge asymme y han in ¯ p oduc ion [ 10 , 11 ]. Fu he mo e, he W boson p esen 1 ATLAS uses a igh -handed coo dina e sys em wi h i s o igin a he nominal in e ac ion poin in he cen e o he de ec o and he z -axis along he beam pipe. The x -axis poin s om he in e ac ion poin o he cen e o he LHC ing, and he y -axis poin s upwa ds. Cylind ical coo dina es ( , φ )a e used in he ans e se plane, φ being he azimu hal angle a ound he z -axis. The apidi y ( y ) o a pa icle is gi en by y = 1 / 2 ln ( E + pz ) / ( E−pz ). The pseudo apidi y ( η ) is de ined in e ms o he pola angle θ as η=−ln an(θ/2). The angula dis ance is measu ed in uni s o ∆R≡p(∆η)2+ (∆φ)2. – 2 – JHEP07(2023)033 in ¯ W p oduc ion is ypically adia ed om he ini ial q¯q0 s a e and, he e o e, se es as a pola i y il e o he ini ial q¯q0 s a e and in u n he inal ¯ s a e. This pola isa ion u he enhances he asymme y be ween he decay p oduc s o he op qua ks and op an iqua ks. The p ospec s o expe imen al obse a ion o hese asymme ies a e g ea es in he case o he cha ged lep ons o igina ing om he op-qua k (an iqua k) decays. This is due o he p ecision wi h which he lep on kinema ics can be econs uc ed and he powe wi h which educible backg ound p ocesses can be supp essed. The lep onic cha ge asymme y ( A` c ), in he ollowing jus e e ed o as “cha ge asymme y”, is de ined analogously o eq. (1.1), bu based on he pseudo apidi ies o he lep ons om he op-qua k and op-an iqua k decays: A` c=N(∆η`>0) −N(∆η`<0) N(∆η`>0) + N(∆η`<0),(1.2) whe e ∆ η` = |η`|−|η¯ `| is he di e ence be ween he absolu e pseudo apidi ies o he lep ons ha o igina e om he op qua k (|η`|) and op an iqua k (|η¯ `|), espec i ely. Re e ence [ 10 ] gi es a compa ison o NLO QCD ma ix elemen s (MEs) ma ched o pa on showe (PS) calcula ions o he op-qua k-based and lep onic cha ge asymme ies o ¯ and ¯ W p oduc ion in he ull phase space a √s = 13 TeV . The cha ge asymme y o ¯ W is la ge han o ¯ p oduc ion a he expense o a smalle c oss-sec ion o he p ocess. In addi ion o being sensi i e o BSM physics, such as axigluons and S anda d Model E ec i e Field Theo y (SMEFT) scena ios co esponding o ou - e mion ope a o s (examples gi en in e s. [ 10 ] and [ 12 ]), cha ge asymme y measu emen s ha e he po en ial o disc imina e be ween new physics signals wi h di e en chi al s uc u es ha would be indis inguishable using only c oss-sec ion obse ables. A he Te a on, o wa d-backwa d asymme ies in ¯ p oduc ion ha e been measu ed, wi h esul s ound o be in ag eemen wi h SM calcula ions ha include highe -o de co ec ions [ 9 , 13 ]. The ATLAS and CMS collabo a ions pe o med measu emen s o he op-qua k-based cha ge asymme y o ¯ p oduc ion. A combina ion o hese ATLAS and CMS esul s a √s = 7 TeV and 8 TeV o he op-qua k-based cha ge asymme y is epo ed in e . [ 14 ] and upda ed measu emen s ha e been published by ATLAS and CMS using √s = 13 TeV da a [ 15 , 16 ]. The measu emen s epo ed by CMS in e . [ 17 ] include an ex ac ion o he lep onic cha ge asymme y o ¯ p oduc ion in a pa icle-le el iducial olume. A measu emen o he op-qua k-based cha ge asymme y o ¯ p oduc ion in associa ion wi h a pho on has been epo ed by ATLAS in e . [ 18 ]. None o hese measu emen s show signi ican de ia ions om he SM expec a ions. In e . [ 11 ], NLO QCD calcula ions o A` c ha e been pe o med including op-qua k o -shell e ec s, which also include he impac o di e en eno malisa ion and ac o isa ion scale choices on A` c in he mul i-lep on channel a he LHC a √s= 13 TeV.2 This pape p esen s a sea ch o he lep onic cha ge asymme y in ¯ W p oduc ion using pp collision da a a √s = 13 TeV in he ilep on (3 ` ) channel wi h he ull Run 2 da a sample, co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 139 b−1 . The pape is o ganised as ollows. Sec ion 2p o ides a b ie desc ip ion o he ATLAS de ec o . In sec ion 3, he 2These esul s a e gi en in e ms o he apidi ies o he lep ons (A` c,y) and no he pseudo apidi ies. – 3 – JHEP07(2023)033 da a sample as well as he simula ed signal and backg ound p ocesses a e discussed. The econs uc ed pa icle candida es a e de ined in sec ion 4. Sec ion 5gi es an o e iew o he e en selec ion and o he de ini ions o he con ol and signal egions. The algo i hm used o iden i y econs uc ed lep ons o igina ing om op qua ks (an iqua ks) is explained in sec ion 6. In sec ion 7, he sou ces o sys ema ic unce ain ies ha a ec he sea ch a e discussed. The esul o he cha ge asymme y measu emen a econs uc ion le el is p esen ed in sec ion 8. The un olding p ocedu e and he ex ac ion o he cha ge asymme y a pa icle le el a e p esen ed in sec ion 9. In sec ion 10, he conclusions a e d awn. 2 The ATLAS de ec o The ATLAS de ec o [ 19 ] a he LHC co e s nea ly he en i e solid angle a ound he collision poin . I consis s o an inne acking de ec o su ounded by a hin supe conduc ing solenoid, elec omagne ic and had onic calo ime e s, and a muon spec ome e inco po a ing h ee se s o la ge supe conduc ing o oidal magne s, each consis ing o eigh sepa a e coils. The inne -de ec o sys em is imme sed in a 2 T axial magne ic ield and p o ides cha ged-pa icle acking in he ange |η|<2.5. The high-g anula i y silicon pixel de ec o co e s he e ex egion and ypically p o ides ou measu emen s pe ack, wi h he i s hi ypically being de ec ed in he inse able B-laye ins alled be o e Run 2 [ 20 , 21 ]. I is ollowed by he silicon mic os ip acke , which usually p o ides eigh measu emen s pe ack. These silicon de ec o s a e complemen ed by he ansi ion adia ion acke (TRT), which enables adially ex ended ack econs uc ion up o |η| = 2 . 5. The TRT also p o ides elec on iden i ica ion in o ma ion based on he ac ion o hi s abo e a highe ene gy-deposi h eshold co esponding o ansi ion adia ion. Typically, a ound 30 TRT hi s a e measu ed in o al pe ack. The calo ime e sys em co e s he pseudo apidi y ange |η|< 4 . 9. In he egion |η|< 3 . 2, elec omagne ic calo ime y is p o ided by ba el and endcap high-g anula i y lead/liquid-a gon (LA ) calo ime e s, wi h an addi ional hin LA p esample co e ing |η|< 1 . 8 o co ec o ene gy loss in ma e ial ups eam o he calo ime e s. Had onic calo ime y is p o ided by he s eel/scin illa o - ile calo ime e , segmen ed in o h ee ba el s uc u es wi h |η|< 1 . 7, and wo coppe /LA had onic endcap calo ime e s. The solid angle co e age is ex ended wi h o wa d coppe /LA and ungs en/LA calo ime e modules op imised o elec omagne ic and had onic measu emen s espec i ely. The muon spec ome e comp ises sepa a e igge and high-p ecision acking chambe s measu ing he de lec ion o muons in a magne ic ield gene a ed by he supe conduc ing ai -co e o oids. The ield in eg al o he o oids anges be ween 2.0 and 6.0 Tm ac oss mos o he de ec o . A se o p ecision chambe s co e s he egion |η|< 2 . 7wi h h ee laye s o moni o ed d i ubes, complemen ed by ca hode-s ip chambe s in he o wa d egion, whe e he backg ound a es a e highes . The muon igge sys em co e s he ange |η|< 2 . 4 wi h esis i e-pla e chambe s in he ba el, and hin-gap chambe s in he endcap egions. Rele an e en s a e selec ed o be eco ded by he i s -le el igge sys em implemen ed in cus om ha dwa e, ollowed by selec ions made by algo i hms implemen ed in so wa e in he high-le el igge [ 22 ]. The i s -le el igge accep s e en s om he 40 MHz bunch – 4 – JHEP07(2023)033 c ossings a a a e below 100 kHz , which he high-le el igge educes o eco d e en s o disk a abou 1 kHz. An ex ensi e so wa e sui e [ 23 ] is used in da a simula ion, in he econs uc ion and analysis o eal and simula ed da a, in de ec o ope a ions, and in he igge and da a acquisi ion sys ems o he expe imen . 3 Da a and simula ed e en samples The analysis is pe o med on da a om pp collisions a √s = 13 TeV deli e ed by he LHC and eco ded by he ATLAS de ec o in he yea s 2015–2018. The bunch spacing o his da a- aking pe iod was 25 ns wi h a ypical numbe o pp in e ac ions pe bunch c ossing (“pile-up”) ha a ies by yea and LHC beam condi ions and was in he ange om 10 o 70 o almos all e en s. A e equi emen s on he s abili y o he beams, he ope a ional s a us o all ATLAS de ec o componen s, and he quali y o he eco ded da a, he o al in eg a ed luminosi y o he da a sample co esponds o 139 b−1 wi h an unce ain y o 1.7%. This alue is de i ed om he calib a ion o he luminosi y scale using x – y beam-sepa a ion scans, ollowing a me hodology simila o ha de ailed in e . [ 24 ], and using he LUCID-2 de ec o [25] o he baseline luminosi y measu emen s. Simula ed Mon e Ca lo (MC) samples a e used o model he con ibu ions om he a ious SM p ocesses. The MC gene a o s used o he ha d-sca e ing, as well as he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion, a e explained in he ollowing. Fo some p ocesses, in addi ion o he nominal simula ion, al e na i e MC samples a e a ailable ha a e used o e alua e he e ec s o di e en MC modelling unce ain ies (see sec ion 7.2). All MC samples we e gene a ed using a 25 ns bunch-spacing con igu a ion. The e ec o pile-up was modelled by o e laying he ha d-sca e ing e en wi h simula ed minimum-bias e en s gene a ed wi h Py hia 8.186 [ 26 ] using he NNPDF2.3lo [ 27 ] se o pa on dis ibu ion unc ions (PDFs) and he A3 se o uned MC pa ame e s [ 28 ]. Sepa a e MC p oduc ion campaigns we e used o model he di e en pile-up dis ibu ions obse ed in da a o he yea s 2015/16, 2017 and 2018. The simula ed samples we e eweigh ed o ep oduce he obse ed dis ibu ion o he a e age numbe o collisions pe bunch c ossing. The simula ion o de ec o e ec s was pe o med wi h ei he a ull ATLAS de ec o simula ion based on he Gean 4 [ 29 ] amewo k o a as simula ion (A lFas -II) using a pa ame e isa ion o he pe o mance o he elec omagne ic and had onic calo ime e s and Gean 4 o he o he de ec o componen s [30]. The signal p ocess ( ¯ W ) was simula ed a NLO p ecision in QCD wi h She pa 2.2.10 [ 31 ] and he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se [ 32 ]. In his se -up, mul iple MEs we e ma ched and me ged wi h he She pa PS model based on he Ca ani-Seymou dipole ac o isa ion scheme [ 33 , 34 ]. The i ual QCD co ec ions o MEs a NLO accu acy we e p o ided by he OpenLoops lib a y [ 35 , 36 ]. Up o one addi ional pa on was included in he NLO ME, and wo, h ee o ou addi ional pa ons we e included a LO in QCD. The me ging scale pa ame e , which se s a h eshold o de e mine wha pa o he phase-space is illed by he PS o he ME gene a o , was se o an ene gy o 30 GeV . Addi ional pa ons beyond ME-le el accu acy and below he me ging scale h eshold we e he e o e desc ibed – 5 – JHEP07(2023)033 by he PS. The choice o eno malisa ion and ac o isa ion scales was µR = µF = HT /2, whe e HT is de ined as he scala sum o he ans e se masses qp2 T+m2 o all inal s a e pa icles. The masses o he op qua k and he W boson we e se o 172.5 GeV and 80.4 GeV , espec i ely [ 37 ]. In addi ion o he nominal p edic ion a NLO in QCD (o de o αα3 s ), 3 highe -o de co ec ions ela ed o EW ¯ W con ibu ions we e also added as pa o he signal de ini ion. The α3 and α2α2 s co ec ions we e added h ough MC e en weigh s de i ed using he i ual addi i e co ec ions in he o malism desc ibed in e . [38]. An al e na i e ¯ W sample uses MadG aph5_aMC@NLO 2.9.3 [ 39 , 40 ] (in he ol- lowing deno ed by MG5_aMC@NLO) o he ME and was in e aced o Py hia 8.245 [ 41 ] o he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion modelling. This sample was gene a ed wi h he FxFx algo i hm [ 42 ] wi h up o one addi ional pa on a NLO accu acy and up o wo addi ional pa ons a LO accu acy in QCD. The expec ed accu acy o his sample is simila o ha o he nominal She pa 2.2.10 sample. This mul i-leg con igu a ion makes use o complex unc ional o ms o he eno malisa ion and ac o isa ion scales ha a e chosen dynamically and depend on he kinema ics o he e en a e he me ging o he co e p ocess wi h he addi ional pa ons ollowing he FxFx me ging p esc ip ion [ 42 – 44 ]. They depend on he phase-space con igu a ion and a e ela ed o he clus e ing scales o he addi ional pa ons and on he co e p ocess. The me ging scale pa ame e was se o 30 GeV . The sample was simula ed using he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he A14 se o uned MC pa ame e s [ 45 ], hence o h e e ed o as he “A14 MC une”. Top-qua k decays we e simula ed a LO using he MadSpin p og am [ 46 , 47 ]. Fu he al e na i e ¯ W samples we e simula ed wi h he Powheg [ 48 ] gene a o p o iding ME calcula ions a NLO in αs wi h he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he A14 MC une. These Powheg ¯ W samples we e in e aced ei he wi h Py hia 8.245 o wi h He wig 7.2.1 [ 49 – 51 ] o he simula ion o he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion. All he al e na i e ¯ W samples we e no malised o he same c oss-sec ion as he nominal She pa 2.2.10 sample in o de no o be sensi i e o o e all no malisa ion di e ences when compa ing he wo simula ions. The ¯ W EW co ec ions a he o de o α3αs we e simula ed by an independen She pa 2.2.10 sample, p oduced a LO in QCD wi h he same con igu a ion as he nominal signal sample. Since he cha ge asymme y om hese p ocesses is negligible compa ed o he nominal signal con ibu ion, his MC sample is ea ed as a backg ound in he analysis. The p oduc ion o a ¯ pai in associa ion wi h a Z boson ( ¯ Z ) was simula ed a NLO p ecision wi h he MG5_aMC@NLO 2.8.1 gene a o o he ME and Py hia 8.244 o he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion, oge he wi h he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he A14 MC une. The mass o he Z boson was se o 91.2 GeV [ 37 ]. The ¯ γ∗ con ibu ion and Z/γ∗ in e e ence e ec s we e aken in o accoun , wi h he samples including e en s wi h dilep on in a ian masses ( m`` ) down o 1 GeV , whe e ` is an elec on o muon. Addi ional ¯ Z samples using MG5_aMC@NLO 2.8.1 o he ME, bu He wig 7.2.1 o he PS along wi h he He wig s anda d se o uned pa ame e s and he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se we e used o he e alua ion o sys ema ic unce ain ies associa ed wi h he PS and had onisa ion. Fu he al e na i e ¯ Z samples wi h he same se ings as he nominal samples, bu using 3αand αsdeno e he EW and s ong coupling cons an s, espec i ely. – 6 – JHEP07(2023)033 he A14 eigen une a ia ion Va 3c [ 45 ], a e used o e alua e he unce ain y associa ed wi h he ini ial-s a e adia ion (ISR). Simila ly o ¯ W , he al e na i e ¯ Z samples we e no malised o he same c oss-sec ion as he nominal sample. The p oduc ion o ¯ , ¯ H and W e en s was simula ed a NLO wi h he Powheg gen- e a o o he ME, oge he wi h he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he A14 MC une. The hdamp pa ame e , which con ols he ma ching in Powheg and egula es he high- pT adia- ion agains which he ¯ sys em ecoils, was se o 1.5 imes he nominal op-qua k mass [ 52 ]. The e en s we e in e aced o Py hia 8.230 o he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion. The ¯ c oss-sec ion was no malised o nex - o-nex - o-leading-loga i hmic o de (NNLL) in QCD, including he esumma ion o NNLL so -gluon e ms (NNLO + NNLL) [ 53 , 54 ]. The ¯ H samples we e no malised o NLO (QCD and EW) using he calcula ions doc- umen ed in e . [ 55 ]. The W sample was no malised o NLO in QCD including NNLL so -gluon co ec ions [ 56 ]. An al e na i e ¯ simula ion was used wi h he same se -up o he ME, bu he e en s we e in e aced o He wig 7.1.3 [ 57 ] o he PS, unde lying e en and had onisa ion modelling. The He wig s anda d se o uned pa ame e s and he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se we e used. Al e na i e ¯ H samples we e used, whe e ei he he ME gene a o (MG5_aMC@NLO 2.6.0) o he PS algo i hm (He wig 7.2.1) was changed wi h espec o he nominal ¯ H simula ion. A MC sample ea u ing he p oduc ion o ¯ e en s in associa ion wi h pho ons ( ¯ γ ) was simula ed a LO in QCD wi h MG5_aMC@NLO 2.3.3 and in e aced o Py hia 8.212, oge he wi h he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he A14 MC une. This sample is, howe e , only used o assign an ex a unce ain y o addi ional pho on adia ion in he nominal ¯ p edic ion. De ails o his p ocedu e can be ound in sec ion 7.2. The p oduc ion o a single op qua k (o an iqua k) in associa ion wi h a Z boson and one ex a pa on ( Zq ) was simula ed using he MG5_aMC@NLO 2.3.3 gene a o a NLO wi h he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se . The e en s we e in e aced o Py hia 8.245 using he A14 MC une. The Zq simula ion also includes o -shell Z boson decays in o dilep on pai s wi h in a ian masses in he ange m`` >5 GeV . Single op qua k (an iqua k) p oduc ion in associa ion wi h bo h a W and a Z boson ( WZ ) was simula ed a NLO wi h MG5_aMC@NLO 2.2.2 and he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se , using Py hia 8.235 o he PS simula ion. The in e e ence be ween ¯ Z and WZ was emo ed ollowing a diag am- emo al (DR) app oach e e ed o as he “DR1 scheme” [58]. The MC samples ea u ing Z+je s p oduc ion we e simula ed a NLO wi h he Powheg gene a o o he ME and in e aced o Py hia 8.186 o he PS. The AZNLO [ 59 ] se o uned pa ame e s and he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se we e used. An al e na i e Z+je s simula ion was done wi h he She pa 2.2.11 gene a o whe e he de aul She pa PS se -up was used along wi h he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se . The Z+je s samples ea u e e en s wi h m`` down o 10 GeV . The sample c oss-sec ions we e no malised o NNLO p edic ions [ 60 ]. The Powheg +Py hia 8 sample used Pho os [ 61 ] o inal-s a e adia ion (FSR). Fo he simula ion o Z boson p oduc ion in associa ion wi h a pho on ( Zγ ), She pa 2.2.11 was used wi h he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se . The e en s we e simula ed a NLO p ecision. – 7 – JHEP07(2023)033 Diboson p ocesses ea u ing he p oduc ion o h ee cha ged lep ons and one neu ino o ou cha ged lep ons (deno ed by WZ +je s o ZZ +je s , espec i ely) we e simula ed using he She pa 2.2.2 gene a o , wi h a simila se -up o ha desc ibed o Z+je s . E en s wi h up o one ex a pa on we e simula ed a NLO, and wi h wo o h ee pa ons a LO p ecision. MC samples ea u ing Higgs boson p oduc ion in associa ion wi h a W o Z boson ( H+W/Z ) we e gene a ed a NLO using Powheg in e aced o Py hia 8.230/8.235 o he PS, oge he wi h he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se and he AZNLO MC une. The p oduc ion o ou op qua ks ( ¯ ¯ ) was modelled a NLO wi h She pa 2.2.11 oge he wi h he NNPDF3.0nnlo PDF se . The p oduc ion o h ee op qua ks ( ¯ ) and he p oduc ion o a ¯ pai wi h wo W bosons ( ¯ WW ) we e simula ed a LO using MG5_aMC@NLO 2.2.2 in e aced o Py hia 8.186 wi h he A14 MC une and he NNPDF2.3lo PDF se . Fully lep onically decaying iboson p ocesses ( WWW , WWZ , WZZ and ZZZ ) wi h up o six lep ons in he inal s a es we e simula ed wi h She pa 2.2.2 and he NNPDF3.0nlo PDF se . Final s a es wi h no addi ional pa ons we e calcula ed a NLO, whe eas inal s a es wi h one, wo o h ee addi ional pa ons we e calcula ed a LO. Fo all MC samples excep he She pa ones, he decays o b - and c -had ons we e simula ed using he E Gen 1.2.0 p og am [62]. 4 E en econs uc ion Elec on candida es a e econs uc ed om clus e s o ene gy deposi s in he elec omag- ne ic calo ime e ha a e ma ched o acks in he inne de ec o . They a e equi ed o sa is y pT>10 GeV , |η|< 2 . 47 and need o pass a “Tigh ” wo king poin (WP), de ined by a likelihood-based elec on iden i ica ion (ID) equi emen [ 63 ]. To ejec non-p omp elec ons, he econs uc ed ack associa ed wi h he elec on mus sa is y he equi emen s |z0sin ( θ ) |<0.5 mm and |d0|/σ ( d0 ) < 5, whe e z0 desc ibes he longi udinal impac pa am- e e ela i e o he econs uc ed p ima y e ex, 4d0 is he ans e se impac pa ame e ela i e o he beam axis, and σ ( d0 )is he unce ain y in d0 . Elec on candida es a e excluded i hei calo ime e ene gy clus e s lie wi hin 1 . 37 <|η|< 1 . 52, he ansi ion egion be ween he ba el and he endcap o he elec omagne ic calo ime e . Addi ional equi emen s a e applied o he elec on candida es o supp ess he con i- bu ion o elec ons o igina ing om con e ed pho ons ( γ -con e sions). Elec ons can be iden i ied as in e nal- o ma e ial-con e sion candida es by checking o addi ional acks close o he calo ime e ene gy clus e s associa ed wi h he elec ons and he exis ence o con e sion e ices. Elec ons ha a e iden i ied as ei he in e nal- o ma e ial-con e sion candida es a e ejec ed. These equi emen s a e e e ed o in he ollowing as “ e/γ ambigui y equi emen s”. Fu he mo e, he elec ons selec ed o he signal egions (SRs) o he analysis ha e o sa is y an isola ion equi emen . An isola ion WP is de ined using a mul i a ia e likelihood 4 The p ima y e ex is de ined as he e ex (a leas wo associa ed acks wi h pT>500 MeV ) wi h he highes scala sum o he squa ed ans e se momen a o he associa ed acks. – 8 – JHEP07(2023)033 acco ding o he MC e en eco ds o he selec ed lep ons. The a iables used as inpu o he binned likelihood i a e he pT o he hi d (so es ) lep on in CR- HFe and CR- HFµ , as well as he scala sum o he pT o he selec ed je s in he e en ( HT ) in CR- ¯ Z , since hei dis ibu ions show a sizeable shape di e ence be ween he a ge ed p ocesses and he o he SM backg ounds. In he SRs and CR-γ-con , he o al numbe s o e en s a e used. Each o he ou SRs is sepa a ed in o ∆ η` BDT ≤ 0(∆ η− ) and ∆ η` BDT > 0(∆ η+ ) egions. Fo he ∆ η− (∆ η+ ) se o egions, a single ac o N∆η− ( N∆η+ ) models he no malisa ions o he signal yields ( ela i ely o he SM c oss-sec ion) ac oss he ou SRs. Acco dingly, he A` c alue is ex ac ed as a unc ion o hese no malisa ion ac o s. Simila ly, sepa a e no malisa ion ac o s in he ∆ η− and ∆ η+ se s o egions o he majo backg ound p ocesses a e allowed o loa eely in he i o a oid a bias om an assump ion o SM asymme ies o hese p ocesses in da a. 5 An “injec ion es ” is pe o med o e i y ha he i esul ma ches an injec ed non-SM A` c alue and he i can deal co ec ly wi h he ac ha he di e en SRs ha e di e en cha ge asymme ies. The p edic ed and obse ed numbe s o e en s in he SRs and CRs be o e pe o ming he simul aneous i (“p e- i ”) a e shown in able 2. The indica ed unce ain ies conside s a is ical as well as all expe imen al and heo e ical sys ema ic unce ain ies desc ibed in sec ion 7. The numbe s o e en s in he SRs and CRs a e he i o da a (“pos - i ”) a e gi en in able 3. Compa isons be ween da a and he pos - i p edic ions o ∆ η− and ∆ η+ in he ou SRs a e shown in igu e 2. Da a and he pos - i SM p edic ions o he a iables ha a e used o he binned likelihood i a e depic ed in igu e 3 o CR- HFe and CR-HFµ, and in igu e 4 o CR- ¯ Z and CR-γ-con . The no malisa ion ac o s o he majo backg ound p ocesses, N ¯ Z , Ne γ-con , Ne HF and Nµ HF (all ob ained sepa a ely o ∆ η− and ∆ η+ ), oge he wi h N∆η− and he A` c alue o he ¯ W signal, a e gi en in igu e 5. The no malisa ion ac o o he ¯ W p ocess was checked and ound o be (wi hin i s unce ain y) compa ible wi h he la es ATLAS and CMS ¯ W c oss-sec ion measu emen s [ 7 , 8 ]. Tes s using MC simula ion we e also pe o med o alida e ha he ex ac ed A` c alue is no biased by he absolu e no malisa ion o he ¯ W p ocess. The no malisa ion ac o s o some o he backg ound p ocesses (in pa icula N ¯ Z and Ne γ-con ) show small di e ences be ween ∆ η− and ∆ η+ . As hese p ocesses a e no expec ed o ha e signi ican cha ge asymme ies in he SM a his le el o p ecision, he e is an unce ain y on how bes o model his da a. In he nominal i , due o he independen no malisa ion ac o s o ∆ η− and ∆ η+ in he CRs, he obse ed backg ound asymme ies a e p ecisely modelled. To accoun o he possibili y ha he obse ed asymme y is due o a s a is ical luc ua ion, an al e na i e i is pe o med whe e only one no malisa ion ac o is assigned o each o hese p ocesses ( hus ixing hei asymme ies o he SM expec a ion). The di e ence be ween he esul s o hese wo i se -ups is assigned as an ex a sys ema ic unce ain y in he ex ac ed A` c alue. This unce ain y (deno ed as ∆ η± CR-dependency) is ound o be 0.05 and is one o he leading sys ema ic unce ain ies. 5 The inclusi e cha ge asymme ies a pa on le el o he simula ed ¯ Z and ¯ samples a e A` c = − 0 . 015 and 0.004, espec i ely. – 15 – JHEP07(2023)033 P ocess CR- ¯ Z CR-HFeCR-HFµCR-γ-con ∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+ ¯ W (QCD) 1.8±0.4 1.49 ±0.19 1.18 ±0.19 1.13 ±0.18 1.72 ±0.20 1.37 ±0.28 4.1±0.7 2.92 ±0.18 ¯ W (EW) 0.18 ±0.07 0.16 ±0.06 0.10 ±0.04 0.09 ±0.04 0.09 ±0.04 0.14 ±0.05 0.23 ±0.08 0.36 ±0.12 ¯ Z 107 ±6 107 ±6 1.42 ±0.23 1.5±0.4 2.20 ±0.23 2.00 ±0.14 4.04 ±0.19 3.65 ±0.32 HFe– – 350 ±40 362 ±27 0.18 ±0.11 0.20 ±0.09 1.0±0.6 0.67 ±0.35 HFµ0.14 ±0.08 0.19 ±0.09 0.20 ±0.09 0.28 ±0.10 520 ±40 530 ±50 0.9±0.5 1.1±0.9 γ-con . 0.55 ±0.14 0.41 ±0.13 3.8±2.5 4.7±2.9 2.6±2.4 3.3±2.5 18.8±1.4 17.5±1.3 ¯ H 3.3±0.4 3.20 ±0.32 0.87 ±0.13 0.89 ±0.11 1.18 ±0.11 1.22 ±0.22 1.48 ±0.20 1.5±0.4 Zq 12.6±2.2 11.0±1.9 0.48 ±0.11 0.43 ±0.09 0.95 ±0.18 0.81 ±0.15 0.68 ±0.12 0.70 ±0.13 WZ/ZZ +je s 12 ±4 12 ±4 3.0±0.9 3.3±1.0 7.2±2.4 7.9±2.5 3.1±0.9 2.9±0.8 O he 10.7±3.3 10.2±3.3 14 ±4 13 ±5 17 ±7 17 ±6 1.6±0.8 1.5±0.6 SM o al 148 ±10 146 ±10 380 ±40 387 ±28 550 ±40 560 ±50 35.9±2.4 32.9±2.3 Da a 156 176 315 373 551 592 34 40 P ocess SR-1b-lowNje s SR-1b-highNje s SR-2b-lowNje s SR-2b-highNje s ∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+ ¯ W (QCD) 19.0±2.8 17 ±4 9.2±1.1 8.2±1.1 25 ±7 21 ±6 14.7±3.4 12.2±1.9 ¯ W (EW) 1.06 ±0.34 1.3±0.4 1.05 ±0.34 1.07 ±0.34 1.2±0.4 1.3±0.4 1.8±0.6 1.6±0.5 ¯ Z 12.0±1.0 12.1±1.1 15.5±1.4 15.5±1.1 11.4±1.4 10.8±1.4 26.2±1.8 25.8±1.7 HFe7.2±1.2 7.5±1.5 1.7±0.7 1.6±0.6 0.7±0.5 0.6±0.5 0.69 ±0.35 0.37 ±0.19 HFµ12.5±2.0 13 ±4 3.2±0.8 3.5±1.3 1.35 ±0.34 1.11 ±0.33 1.0±0.4 0.9±0.5 γ-con . 6.7±0.9 6.1±1.0 3.1±0.5 3.4±0.8 6.1±0.8 6.9±0.8 4.4±0.7 4.6±0.6 ¯ H 5.5±0.8 5.6±0.8 8.6±0.8 8.7±0.9 5.5±1.1 5.5±1.0 14.1±1.8 14.2±1.7 Zq 5.1±0.9 4.2±0.7 1.40 ±0.31 1.15 ±0.27 2.8±0.5 2.3±0.4 1.92 ±0.34 1.64 ±0.30 WZ/ZZ +je s 15 ±4 14 ±4 8.0±2.8 7.6±2.5 2.9±0.9 2.2±0.7 2.2±0.7 2.2±0.7 O he 5.6±2.0 5.1±1.6 4.5±2.4 4.7±1.5 2.6±1.1 2.9±1.3 10 ±6 9 ±5 SM o al 89 ±6 85 ±7 56 ±6 56 ±6 59 ±9 55 ±7 77 ±8 73 ±7 Da a 94 89 50 69 84 81 89 81 Table 2. The p edic ed and obse ed numbe s o e en s in he con ol and signal egions. The p edic ions a e shown be o e he i o da a. The indica ed unce ain ies conside s a is ical as well as all expe imen al and heo e ical sys ema ic unce ain ies, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. Backg ound ca ego ies wi h e en yields shown as “—” do con ibu e less han 0.01 o a egion. The lep onic cha ge asymme y in ¯ W is ound o be A` c( ¯ W) = −0.12 ±0.14 (s a .) ±0.05 (sys .). This is consis en wi h he SM expec a ion o A` c( ¯ W)SM =−0.084 +0.005 −0.003 (scale) ±0.006 (MC s a .), calcula ed using he nominal ¯ W She pa simula ion. The con ibu ions om he mos ele an unce ain ies a e summa ised in able 4. The unce ain ies a e symme ised and g ouped in o se e al ype- ela ed ca ego ies and a e shown oge he wi h he o al sys ema ic and s a is ical unce ain ies. The dominan sys ema ic unce ain ies a e he ∆ η± CR-dependency, he JER, as well as he modelling unce ain ies o he ¯ W and ¯ Z MC p ocesses de ailed in sec ion 7. O e all, he esul is limi ed by he s a is ical unce ain y o he da a. – 16 – JHEP07(2023)033 P ocess CR- ¯ Z CR-HFeCR-HFµCR-γ-con ∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+ ¯ W (QCD) 3.2±0.7 2.2±0.7 1.8±0.5 1.7±0.5 2.6±0.8 1.8±0.8 7.0±1.3 4.4±1.3 ¯ W (EW) 0.18 ±0.06 0.16 ±0.05 0.10 ±0.03 0.09 ±0.03 0.09 ±0.03 0.14 ±0.04 0.23 ±0.07 0.36 ±0.11 ¯ Z 114 ±13 138 ±14 1.45 ±0.27 1.7±0.4 2.3±0.4 2.55 ±0.35 4.3±0.6 4.6±0.6 HFe– – 290 ±18 346 ±20 0.15 ±0.02 0.19 ±0.02 0.59 ±0.27 0.52 ±0.17 HFµ0.133 ±0.012 0.201 ±0.020 0.195 ±0.018 0.277 ±0.029 516 ±25 556 ±25 0.8±0.4 1.3±0.8 γ-con . 0.40 ±0.18 0.52 ±0.16 2.8±2.2 6 ±4 1.9±2.0 4.2±3.4 14 ±6 22 ±7 ¯ H 3.3±0.4 3.23 ±0.31 0.86 ±0.13 0.87 ±0.10 1.16 ±0.11 1.19 ±0.22 1.49 ±0.20 1.6±0.4 Zq 12.6±2.2 11.0±1.9 0.47 ±0.10 0.42 ±0.08 0.95 ±0.17 0.79 ±0.14 0.68 ±0.11 0.70 ±0.12 WZ/ZZ +je s 10.2±2.9 10.6±3.1 2.6±0.7 2.8±0.7 6.3±1.7 6.7±1.8 2.6±0.7 2.5±0.6 O he 10.8±3.2 10.0±2.9 14 ±4 13 ±5 18 ±7 18 ±6 1.7±0.8 1.7±0.6 SM o al 155 ±12 175 ±13 315 ±18 373 ±19 550 ±23 591 ±24 33 ±6 40 ±6 Da a 156 176 315 373 551 592 34 40 P ocess SR-1b-lowNje s SR-1b-highNje s SR-2b-lowNje s SR-2b-highNje s ∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+∆η−∆η+ ¯ W (QCD) 32 ±6 27 ±6 14 ±4 12.1±3.4 46 ±9 36 ±8 26 ±6 19 ±5 ¯ W (EW) 1.04 ±0.32 1.3±0.4 1.04 ±0.32 1.05 ±0.32 1.2±0.4 1.3±0.4 1.8±0.5 1.6±0.5 ¯ Z 12.4±2.0 15.0±2.2 16.0±2.2 19.6±2.3 12.3±2.3 14.3±2.6 27.6±3.3 33.2±3.5 HFe6.4±1.0 6.8±0.8 1.5±0.5 1.7±0.4 0.40 ±0.20 0.79 ±0.35 0.45 ±0.14 0.39 ±0.14 HFµ12.5±1.5 13.6±2.5 3.1±0.6 3.6±0.9 1.30 ±0.23 1.19 ±0.19 1.04 ±0.29 0.9±0.5 γ-con . 4.9±2.3 7.7±2.6 2.3±1.1 4.3±1.6 4.6±2.1 8.8±2.9 3.3±1.5 5.9±1.9 ¯ H 5.4±0.8 5.5±0.8 8.4±0.8 8.6±0.8 5.5±1.1 5.6±1.0 14.3±1.7 14.4±1.7 Zq 5.0±0.9 4.1±0.7 1.38 ±0.27 1.16 ±0.24 2.8±0.5 2.3±0.4 1.93 ±0.33 1.65 ±0.29 WZ/ZZ +je s 12.6±3.0 12.3±3.0 6.7±2.0 6.5±1.8 2.5±0.7 1.9±0.5 1.9±0.6 1.9±0.5 O he 6.0±2.1 5.2±1.6 3.6±1.8 4.6±1.4 2.9±1.2 3.3±1.3 8 ±4 8 ±4 SM o al 99 ±6 98 ±6 58 ±4 63 ±4 80 ±8 75 ±7 85 ±6 86 ±5 Da a 94 89 50 69 84 81 89 81 Table 3. The p edic ed and obse ed numbe s o e en s in he con ol and signal egions. The p edic ions a e shown a e he i o da a. The indica ed unce ain ies conside s a is ical as well as all expe imen al and heo e ical sys ema ic unce ain ies, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. Backg ound ca ego ies wi h e en yields shown as “—” do con ibu e less han 0.01 o a egion. – 17 – JHEP07(2023)033 − η ∆ , je s N -low b SR-1 + η ∆ , je s N -low b SR-1 − η ∆ , je s N -high b SR-1 + η ∆ , je s N -high b SR-1 − η ∆ , je s N -low b SR-2 + η ∆ , je s N -low b SR-2 − η ∆ , je s N -high b SR-2 + η ∆ , je s N -high b SR-2 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Da a / P ed. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs SR summa y Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y Figu e 2. Compa ison be ween da a and he pos - i p edic ions o ∆ η` BDT ≤ 0(∆ η− ) and ∆ η` BDT > 0(∆ η+ ) in he ou SRs. The e o band includes he o al unce ain ies o he pos - i p edic ions, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. The a io o he da a o he o al pos - i p edic ions is shown in he lowe panel. – 18 – JHEP07(2023)033 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [GeV] T 3 d Leading Lep on p 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 50 100 150 200 250 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs − η∆CR-HFe, Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (a) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [GeV] T 3 d Leading Lep on p 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs + η∆CR-HFe, Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (b) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [GeV] T 3 d Leading Lep on p 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs − η∆, µCR-HF Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (c) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 [GeV] T 3 d Leading Lep on p 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs + η∆, µCR-HF Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (d) Figu e 3. Compa ison be ween da a and he pos - i p edic ions in (a,b) CR- HFe and (c,d) CR- HFµ . The dis ibu ions show he pT o he hi d lep on (elec on o muon), which is he a iable ha is used o he binned likelihood i . The egions a e sepa a ed be ween ∆ η` BDT ≤ 0(∆ η− ) and ∆ η` BDT > 0(∆ η+ ). The e o bands include he o al unce ain ies in he pos - i p edic ions, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. The a ios o he da a o he o al pos - i p edic ions a e shown in he lowe panels. E en s wi h he pT o he hi d lep on abo e 50 GeV a e included in he igh mos bins. – 19 – JHEP07(2023)033 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 [GeV] T H 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 20 40 60 80 100 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs − η∆Z, CR- Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z µ HF -con .γ H Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (a) 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 [GeV] T H 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Da a / P ed. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs + η∆Z, CR- Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z µ HF -con .γ H Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (b) − η ∆ + η ∆ 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Da a / P ed. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 E en s ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs -con γCR- Pos - i Da a (QCD)W (EW)W Z e HF µ HF -con .γH Zq +je sWZ/ZZ O he Unce ain y (c) Figu e 4. Compa ison be ween da a and he pos - i p edic ions in (a,b) CR- ¯ Z and (c) CR- γ -con . The dis ibu ions a e shown o he a iables ha a e used o he binned likelihood i : HT o CR- ¯ Z and he o al e en yields o CR- γ -con . The egions a e sepa a ed be ween ∆ η` BDT ≤ 0(∆ η− ) and ∆ η` BDT > 0(∆ η+ ). The e o bands include he o al unce ain ies in he pos - i p edic ions, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. The a ios o he da a o he o al pos - i p edic ions a e shown in he lowe panels. E en s wi h an HT abo e 1 TeV a e included in he igh mos bins o (a) and (b). – 20 – JHEP07(2023)033 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 ATLAS -1 = 13 TeV, 139 bs )W ( l c A 0.14±-0.12 ) − η∆ ( e -con γ N 0.34±0.74 ) + η∆ ( e -con γ N 0.40±1.27 ) − η∆ ( e HF N 0.09±0.83 ) + η∆ ( e HF N 0.08±0.98 ) − η∆ ( µ HF N 0.09±0.98 ) + η∆ ( µ HF N 0.10±1.04 ) − η∆ ( Z N 0.14±1.05 ) + η∆ ( Z N 0.15±1.28 ) − η∆ ( W N 0.40±1.59 Figu e 5. No malisa ion ac o s o he majo backg ound p ocesses, oge he wi h N∆η− o ¯ W and he A` c alue ex ac ed om he i o da a in he CRs and SRs a de ec o le el. The no malisa ion ac o s, N ¯ Z , Ne γ-con , Ne HF and Nµ HF , a e ob ained sepa a ely o ∆ η` BDT ≤ 0(∆ η− ) and ∆ η` BDT > 0(∆ η+ ). The indica ed unce ain ies conside s a is ical as well as sys ema ic unce ain ies, wi h he excep ion o he ∆ η± CR-dependency unce ain y. The solid e ical line in he las en y shows he A` cSM expec a ion, calcula ed using he ¯ W She pa simula ion. – 21 – JHEP07(2023)033 9 Un olding and ex ac ion o he cha ge asymme y a pa icle le el To ob ain he cha ge asymme y a pa icle le el in a speci ic iducial olume, an un olding p ocedu e is pe o med o co ec o de ec o e ec s, as well as o signal e iciency and accep ance e ec s. The p ocedu e and he ele an de ini ions a e explained in he ollowing. 9.1 Pa icle-le el objec s Pa icle-le el objec s in simula ed e en s a e de ined using quasi-s able pa icles (wi h a mean li e ime g ea e han 30 ps ) o igina ing om pp collisions. They a e selec ed a e had onisa ion bu be o e he in e ac ion wi h he a ious de ec o componen s o conside a ion o pile-up e ec s. Pa icle-le el elec ons o muons a e equi ed o no o igina e om a had on in he MC gene a o e en eco d, whe he di ec ly o h ough a τ -lep on decay. This ensu es ha hey o igina e om a Z o W boson (whe e he W boson can come ei he om p omp W p oduc ion o a op-qua k decay), wi hou equi ing a di ec ma ch wi h he pa en pa icle. The ou -momen a o he ba e lep ons a e modi ied (“d essed”) by adding he ou -momen a o all adia ed pho ons wi hin a cone o size ∆ R = 0 . 1, excluding pho ons om had on decays, o ake in o accoun FSR pho ons. ∆A` c( ¯ W) Expe imen al unce ain ies Je ene gy esolu ion 0.013 Pile-up 0.007 b- agging 0.005 Lep ons 0.004 Emiss T0.004 Je ene gy scale 0.0032 Luminosi y 0.0006 MC modelling unce ain ies ¯ W modelling 0.013 ¯ Z modelling 0.010 HFe/µ modelling 0.006 ¯ H modelling 0.005 O he unce ain ies ∆η±CR-dependency 0.05 MC s a is ical unce ain y 0.019 Da a s a is ical unce ain y 0.14 To al unce ain y 0.15 Table 4. Lis o he mos ele an sys ema ic and s a is ical unce ain ies in he ex ac ed lep onic cha ge asymme y A` c ( ¯ W ) om he simul aneous i . Fo his able, he unce ain ies a e symme ised and g ouped in o ca ego ies. The sum in quad a u e o he indi idual unce ain ies is no necessa ily equal o he o al unce ain y due o co ela ions in oduced by he i . – 22 – JHEP07(2023)033 Pa icle-le el je s a e econs uc ed wi h he an i- k algo i hm wi h a adius pa ame e o R = 0 . 4applied o all s able pa icles, bu excluding he neu inos o igina ing om W o Z bosons and he selec ed elec ons, muons and pho ons used in he de ini ion o he cha ged lep ons. I b -had ons wi h pT>5 GeV a e ound in he MC e en eco d, hey a e clus e ed in o s able-pa icle je s wi h hei ene gies se o negligible posi i e alues ( e e ed o as “ghos -ma ching”) [ 86 ]. Pa icle-le el je s con aining a leas one o hese b -had ons a e conside ed as b -je s. The pa icle-le el missing ans e se momen um is de ined as he ec o ial sum o he ans e se momen a o all neu inos ound in he MC simula ion his o y o he e en , excluding hose o igina ing om had on decays. 9.2 Pa icle-le el iducial olume The pa icle-le el iducial olume is de ined by he ollowing equi emen s on he pa icle- le el objec s, as de ined in sec ion 9.1: •Th ee elec ons o muons wi h pT>15 GeV and |η|<2.5. •The in a ian mass o all OSSF lep on pai s has o be la ge han 25 GeV. •No Z-candida e (as de ined in sec ion 5) among he lep ons. • A leas wo je s wi h pT>20 GeV , |η|< 2 . 5and leas one o hem iden i ied as a b-je . 9.3 Un olding p ocedu e and cha ge-asymme y ex ac ion The un olding p ocedu e is applied o he obse ed numbe o da a e en s in he SRs. Analogously o he me hod used a de ec o le el, desc ibed in sec ion 6, a me hod o ma ching lep ons o op qua ks (an iqua ks) is equi ed o ob ain he esponse ma ix, essen ial o he un olding p ocedu e. To ep oduce he pa icle-le el iducial olume, a simple scheme is adop ed ha is independen o he gene a o -speci ic MC e en eco d and any mul i a ia e algo i hm. Each lep on is combined wi h he closes b -je in he ∆ R space. The ` – b sys em ha yields a mass closes o he mos p obable mass o a ` – b sys em o igina ing om a op-qua k decay (acco ding o he nominal ¯ W simula ion) is used o selec he e en and odd lep ons. This p ocedu e has an e iciency o app oxima ely 65% o iden i y he co ec lep ons. The ollowing o mula is used o he un olding: N olded i=1 αiX j εjMij | {z } Rij N id jwi h Mij =N( eco ∩ id) ij N( eco ∩ id) j , αi=N( eco ∩ id) i N eco i , εj=N( eco ∩ id) j N id j , (9.1) wi h he numbe N id j ep esen ing he con en o bin j in he iducial olume, N eco i being he e en s in bin i ha sa is y he de ec o le el selec ion and he symbol ∩ ep esen s he logical in e sec ion o he wo egions. The N olded i ep esen s he bin con en ( i ) a e he olding o he pa icle le el bins ( j ) has been pe o med h ough he esponse ma ix ( Rij ). – 23 – JHEP07(2023)033 This ma ix is cons uc ed om he mig a ion ma ix ( Mij ) and he accep ance and e iciency co ec ion e ms ( αi and εj ) o each bin. The en ies in he mig a ion ma ix ep esen he ac ions o e en s a pa icle le el in a y -axis bin ha a e econs uc ed a de ec o le el in an x -axis bin. They a e no malised such ha he sum o en ies in each ow is equal o one. The accep ance co ec ions αi accoun o e en s ha a e gene a ed ou side he iducial olume bu sa is y he selec ion a de ec o le el, as desc ibed in sec ion 5. The e iciency co ec ions εj accoun o e en s ha a e in he iducial olume bu ail o sa is y he de ec o -le el selec ion. The mig a ion ma ices, as well as he accep ance and e iciency co ec ion e ms, a e buil sepa a ely o each o he SRs de ined in able 1. As an example, igu e 6shows (a) he mig a ion ma ix, as well as (b) he e iciency and (c) he accep ance co ec ion ac o s ha a e used o SR-2 b -low Nje s , which is he egion wi h he highes ¯ W pu i y. The ac ion o e en s in he diagonal elemen s o he mig a ion ma ix shows he quali y o he esolu ion o ∆ η` , which is a ound 90%. The e iciency co ec ions a e a a le el o 11%–12% and he accep ance co ec ions a e a ound 95%. None show any no able dependence on ∆η`. The un olding p ocedu e is he same as in e . [ 18 ] and based on a p o ile-likelihood app oach (“p o ile-likelihood un olding”). Wi h his app oach, he un olding p oblem is ans o med in o a s anda d p oblem o i ing no malisa ions o dis ibu ions. Each bin in he pa icle-le el dis ibu ion is “ olded” h ough he esponse ma ix ia eq. (9.1), esul ing in he same numbe s o bins a de ec o le el. The pa icle-le el bins a e ea ed as sepa a e subsamples ha a e mul iplied by hei espec i e en ies in he esponse ma ix and eely loa ing pa ame e s a e assigned o each o hese subsamples a de ec o le el. Analogously o he i desc ibed in sec ion 8, he eely loa ing pa ame e s a e assigned o he majo backg ounds in he SRs: N ¯ Z , Ne γ-con , Ne HF and Nµ HF . These no malisa ions and he analysis egions a e spli in o ∆ η+ and ∆ η− , in he same way as he de ec o -le el esul s. Thus, he de ec o -le el dis ibu ions a e scaled by some ac o s, de e mined by i ing he da a, and hese ac o s a e hen used o scale he co esponding pa icle-le el bins, which gi es he desi ed un olded esul . The cha ge asymme y is de ined as he pa ame e o in e es and is ela ed o he no malisa ion ac o s in he un olded bins. Fo he CRs, no esponse ma ices a e buil . Howe e , as he signal con amina ion in hese egions is e y small compa ed wi h he o al e en yields, an app oxima ion is made whe eby he signal is ea ed as an addi ional backg ound. An excep ion is CR- γ -con whe e, due o he high signal con amina ion, esponse ma ices a e also buil . No egula isa ion is applied in he un olding. The sys ema ic unce ain ies in he signal and backg ound p ocesses conside ed o he un olded esul s a e he same as o he esul s a de ec o le el (desc ibed in sec ion 7). Sys ema ic unce ain ies in he backg ound p ocesses a e p opaga ed o he un olded dis ibu ions by a ying he de ec o -le el dis ibu ions wi hin hei unce ain ies and epea ing he un olding p ocedu e. The modelling unce ain ies o he ¯ W signal a e p opaga ed h ough he un olding p ocedu e, using a ia ions o he esponse ma ices. An injec ion es is pe o med o e i y ha non-SM A` c alues can be eco e ed in he un olding p ocedu e. 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Ellis 36, J. Elmsheuse 29, M. Elsing 36, D. Emeliyano 134, A. Eme man 41, Y. Ena i 153, I. Ene 17a, S. Epa i 13, J. E dmann 49, P.A. E land 86, M. E ens 171, M. Escalie 66, C. Escoba 163, E. E zion 151, G. E ans 130a, H. E ans 68, M.O. E ans 146, A. Ezhilo 37, S. Ezza q ouni 35a, F. Fabb i 59, L. Fabb i 23b,23a, G. Facini 96, V. Fadeye 136, R.M. Fakh u dino 37, S. Falciano 75a, L.F. Falda Ulhoa Coelho 36, P.J. Falke 24, S. Falke 36, J. Fal o a 133, Y. Fan 14a, Y. Fang 14a,14d, G. Fanou akis 46, M. Fan i 71a,71b, M. Fa aj 69a,69b, Z. Fa azpay 97 , A. Fa bin 8 , A. Fa illa 77a , T. Fa ooque 107 , S.M. Fa ing on 52 , F. Fassi 35e , D. Fassoulio is 9, M. Faucci Giannelli 76a,76b, W.J. Fawce 32, L. Faya d 66, P. Fede ico a 131, O.L. Fedin 37,a, G. Fedo o 37, M. Feicke 170, L. Feligioni 102, A. Fell 139, D.E. Felle s 123, C. Feng 62b, M. Feng 14b, Z. Feng 114, M.J. Fen on 160, A.B. Fenyuk 37 , L. Fe encz 48 , R.A.M. Fe guson 91 , S.I. Fe nandez Luengo 137 , J. Fe ando 48 , A. Fe a i 161 , P. Fe a i 114,113 , R. Fe a i 73a , D. Fe e e 56 , C. Fe e i 106 , F. Fiedle 100 , A. Filipčič 93, E.K. Filme 1, F. Fil hau 113, M.C.N. Fiolhais 130a,130c,c, L. Fio ini 163, F. Fische 141, W.C. Fishe 107, T. Fi schen 101, I. Fleck 141, P. Fleischmann 106, T. Flick 171, L. Flo es 128, M. Flo es 33d, L.R. Flo es Cas illo 64a, F.M. Follega 78a,78b, N. Fomin 16, J.H. Foo 155, B.C. Fo land68, A. Fo mica 135, A.C. Fo i 101, E. Fo in 102, A.W. Fo man 61, M.G. Fo i 17a, L. Foun as 9, D. Fou nie 66, H. Fox 91, P. F anca illa 74a,74b, S. F ancesca o 61, S. F anchellucci 56, M. F anchini 23b,23a, S. F anchino 63a , D. F ancis 36 , L. F anco 113 , L. F anconi 19 , M. F anklin 61 , G. F a a i 26 , A.C. F eega d 94, P.M. F eeman20, W.S. F eund 82b, N. F i zsche 50, A. F och 54, D. F oide aux 36, J.A. F os 126, Y. Fu 62a, M. Fujimo o 118, E. Fullana To eg osa 163,∗, J. Fus e 163, A. Gab ielli 23b,23a, A. Gab ielli 155, P. Gadow 48, G. Gaglia di 57b,57a, L.G. Gagnon 17a, G.E. Galla do 126, E.J. Gallas 126, B.J. Gallop 134, R. Gamboa Goni 94, K.K. Gan 119, S. Ganguly 153, J. Gao 62a, Y. Gao 52, F.M. Ga ay Walls 137a,137b, B. Ga cia29,ag, C. Ga cía 163, J.E. Ga cía Na a o 163, M. Ga cia-Sci e es 17a, R.W. Ga dne 39, D. Ga g 80, R.B. Ga g 143, C.A. Ga ne 155, V. Ga onne 29, C.M. Ga ey 33a, S.J. Gasio owski 138, P. Gaspa 82b, G. Gaudio 73a, V. Gau am13, – 38 – JHEP07(2023)033 P. Gauzzi 75a,75b, I.L. Ga ilenko 37, A. Ga ilyuk 37, C. Gay 164, G. Gaycken 48, E.N. Gazis 10, A.A. Gean a 27b,27e, C.M. Gee 136, J. Geisen 98, C. Gemme 57b, M.H. Genes 60, S. Gen ile 75a,75b, S. Geo ge 95, W.F. Geo ge 20, T. Ge alis 46, L.O. Ge lach55, P. Gessinge -Be u 36, M.E. Geyik 171, M. Ghasemi Bos anabad 165, M. Ghneima 141, K. Gho banian 94, A. Ghosal 141, A. Ghosh 160, A. Ghosh 7, B. Giacobbe 23b, S. Giagu 75a,75b, P. Gianne i 74a, A. Giannini 62a, S.M. Gibson 95, M. Gignac 136 , D.T. Gil 85b , A.K. Gilbe 85a , B.J. Gilbe 41 , D. Gillbe g 34 , G. Gilles 114 , N.E.K. Gillwald 48, L. Ginaba 127, D.M. Ging ich 2,ad, M.P. Gio dani 69a,69c, P.F. Gi aud 135, G. Giuglia elli 69a,69c, D. Giugni 71a, F. Giuli 36, I. Gkialas 9,k, L.K. Gladilin 37, C. Glasman 99, G.R. Gledhill 123, M. Glisic123, I. Gnesi 43b,g, Y. Go 29,ag, M. Gobli sch-Kolb 26, B. Gocke 49, D. Godin108, B. Gok u k 21a, S. Gold a b 105, T. Golling 56, M.G.D. Gololo33g, D. Golubko 37, J.P. Gombas 107, A. Gomes 130a,130b, G. Gomes Da Sil a 141 , A.J. Gomez Delegido 163 , R. Goncal es Gama 55 , R. Gonçalo 130a,130c , G. Gonella 123, L. Gonella 20, A. Gongadze 38, F. Gonnella 20, J.L. Gonski 41, R.Y. González Andana 52, S. González de la Hoz 163, S. Gonzalez Fe nandez 13, R. Gonzalez Lopez 92, C. Gonzalez Ren e ia 17a, R. Gonzalez Sua ez 161, S. Gonzalez-Se illa 56, G.R. Gonzal o Rod iguez 163, L. Goossens 36, N.A. Go asia 20, P.A. Go bouno 37, B. Go ini 36, E. Go ini 70a,70b, A. Go išek 93, A.T. Goshaw 51, M.I. Gos kin 38, S. Goswami 121, C.A. Go a do 36, M. Gouigh i 35b, V. Gouma e 48, A.G. Goussiou 138, N. Go ende 33c, C. Goy 4, I. G abowska-Bold 85a, K. G aham 34, E. G ams ad 125, S. G ancagnolo 18, M. G andi 146, V. G a che 37,∗, P.M. G a ila 27 , F.G. G a ili 70a,70b, H.M. G ay 17a, M. G eco 70a,70b, C. G e e 24, I.M. G ego 48, P. G enie 143, C. G ieco 13, A.A. G illo 136, K. G imm 31,n, S. G ins ein 13,u, J.-F. G i az 66, E. G oss 169, J. G osse-Kne e 55, C. G ud106, J.C. G undy 126, L. Guan 106, W. Guan 170, C. Gubbels 164, J.G.R. Gue e o Rojas 163, G. Gue ie i 69a,69b, F. Guescini 110, R. Gugel 100, J.A.M. Guhi 106, A. Guida 48, T. Guillemin 4, E. Guillo on 167,134, S. Guindon 36, F. Guo 14a,14d, J. Guo 62c, L. Guo 66, Y. Guo 106, R. Gup a 48, S. Gu buz 24, S.S. Gu dasani 54, G. Gus a ino 36, M. Gu h 56, P. Gu ie ez 120, L.F. Gu ie ez Zagaze a 128, C. Gu schow 96, C. Guyo 135, C. Gwenlan 126, C.B. Gwilliam 92, E.S. Haaland 125, A. Haas 117, M. Habedank 48, C. Habe 17a, H.K. Hada and 8, A. Hade 100, S. Hadzic 110, E.H. Haines 96, M. Haleem 166 , J. Haley 121 , J.J. Hall 139 , G.D. Hallewell 102 , L. Halse 19 , K. Hamano 165 , H. Hamdaoui 35e, M. Hame 24, G.N. Hami y 52, J. Han 62b, K. Han 62a, L. Han 14c, L. Han 62a, S. Han 17a, Y.F. Han 155, K. Hanagaki 83, M. Hance 136, D.A. Hangal 41,ab, H. Hani 142, M.D. Hank 39, R. Hankache 101, J.B. Hansen 42, J.D. Hansen 42, P.H. Hansen 42, K. Ha a 157, D. Ha ada 56, T. Ha enbe g 171, S. Ha kusha 37, Y.T. Ha is 126 , N.M. Ha ison 119 , P.F. Ha ison 167 , N.M. Ha man 143 , N.M. Ha mann 109 , Y. Hasegawa 140, A. Hasib 52, S. Haug 19, R. Hause 107, M. Ha anek 132, C.M. Hawkes 20, R.J. Hawkings 36, S. Hayashida 111, D. Hayden 107, C. Hayes 106, R.L. Hayes 164, C.P. Hays 126, J.M. Hays 94, H.S. Haywa d 92, F. He 62a, Y. He 154, Y. He 127, M.P. Hea h 52, N.B. Hea ley 94, V. Hedbe g 98, A.L. Heggelund 125, N.D. Hehi 94, C. Heidegge 54, K.K. Heidegge 54, W.D. Heido n 81, J. Heilman 34, S. Heim 48 , T. Heim 17a , J.G. Heinlein 128 , J.J. Hein ich 123 , L. Hein ich 110 , J. Hejbal 131 , – 39 – JHEP07(2023)033 L. Hela y 48, A. Held 170, S. Hellesund 125, C.M. Helling 164, S. Hellman 47a,47b, C. Helsens 36 , R.C.W. Hende son 91 , L. Henkelmann 32 , A.M. Hen iques Co eia 36 , H. He de 98 , Y. He nández Jiménez 145, L.M. He mann 24, T. He mann 50, G. He en 54, R. He enbe ge 109, L. He as 36, N.P. Hessey 156a, H. Hibi 84, E. Higón-Rod iguez 163, S.J. Hillie 20, I. Hinchli e 17a, F. Hin e keuse 24, M. Hi ose 124, S. Hi ose 157, D. Hi schbuehl 171, T.G. Hi chings 101, B. Hi i 93, J. Hobbs 145, R. Hobincu 27e, N. Hod 169, M.C. Hodgkinson 139, B.H. Hodkinson 32, A. Hoecke 36, J. Ho e 48, D. Hohn 54, T. Holm 24, M. Holzbock 110, L.B.A.H. Hommels 32, B.P. Honan 101, J. Hong 62c, T.M. Hong 129, J.C. Honig 54, B.H. Hoobe man 162, W.H. Hopkins 6, Y. Ho ii 111, S. Hou 148, A.S. Howa d 93, J. Howa h 59, J. Hoya 6, M. H abo sky 122, A. H yne ich 48, T. H yn’o a 4, P.J. Hsu 65, S.-C. Hsu 138, Q. Hu 41, Y.F. Hu 14a,14d,a , D.P. Huang 96, S. Huang 64b, X. Huang 14c, Y. Huang 62a, Y. Huang 14a, Z. Huang 101, Z. Hubacek 132, M. Huebne 24, F. Huegging 24, T.B. Hu man 126, M. Huh inen 36, S.K. Huibe s 16, R. Hulsken 104, N. Huseyno 12,a, J. Hus on 107, J. Hu h 61, R. Hyneman 143, S. Hy ych 28a, G. Iacobucci 56, G. Iako idis 29, I. Ib agimo 141, L. Iconomidou-Faya d 66, P. Iengo 72a,72b, R. Iguchi 153, T. Iizawa 56, Y. Ikegami 83, A. Ilg 19, N. Ilic 155, H. Imam 35a, T. Ingeb e sen Ca lson 47a,47b, G. In ozzi 73a,73b, M. Iodice 77a, V. Ippoli o 75a,75b, M. Ishino 153, W. Islam 170, C. Isse e 18,48, S. Is in 21a, H. I o 168, J.M. I u be Ponce 64a, R. Iuppa 78a,78b, A. I ina 169, J.M. Izen 45, V. Izzo 72a, P. Jacka 131,132 , P. Jackson 1 , R.M. Jacobs 48 , B.P. Jaege 142 , C.S. Jag eld 109 , P. Jain 54 , G. Jäkel 171, K. Jakobs 54, T. Jakoubek 169, J. Jamieson 59, K.W. Janas 85a, G. Ja lskog 98, A.E. Jaspan 92, M. Ja u ko a 103, F. Jeanneau 135, L. Jean y 123, J. Jejela a 149a,aa, P. Jenni 54,h, C.E. Jessiman 34, S. Jézéquel 4, C. Jia62b, J. Jia 145, X. Jia 61, X. Jia 14a,14d, Z. Jia 14c, Y. Jiang62a, S. Jiggins 52, J. Jimenez Pena 110, S. Jin 14c, A. Jina u 27b, O. Jinnouchi 154, P. Johansson 139, K.A. Johns 7, J.W. Johnson 136 , D.M. Jones 32 , E. Jones 167 , P. Jones 32 , R.W.L. Jones 91 , T.J. Jones 92 , R. Joshi 119, J. Jo ice ic 15, X. Ju 17a, J.J. Junggebu h 36, T. Junke mann 63a, A. Jus e Rozas 13,u, S. Kabana 137e, A. Kaczma ska 86, M. Kado 75a,75b, H. Kagan 119, M. Kagan 143, A. Kahn41, A. Kahn 128, C. Kah a 100, T. Kaji 168, E. Kajomo i z 150, N. Kaka i 169, C.W. Kalde on 29, A. Kamenshchiko 155, S. Kanayama 154, N.J. Kang 136, D. Ka 33g, K. Ka a a 126, M.J. Ka eem 156b, E. Ka en zos 54, I. Ka kanias 152, , S.N. Ka po 38, Z.M. Ka po a 38, V. Ka elish ili 91, A.N. Ka yukhin 37, E. Kasimi 152, , C. Ka o 62d, J. Ka zy 48, S. Kau 34, K. Kawade 140, K. Kawagoe 89, T. Kawamo o 135, G. Kawamu a55, E.F. Kay 165, F.I. Kaya 158, S. Kazakos 13, V.F. Kazanin 37, Y. Ke 145, J.M. Kea eney 33a , R. Keele 165 , G.V. Keh is 61 , J.S. Kelle 34 , A.S. Kelly 96 , D. Kelsey 146 , J.J. Kemps e 146, K.E. Kennedy 41, P.D. Kennedy 100, O. Kepka 131, B.P. Ke idge 167, S. Ke s en 171 , B.P. Ke še an 93 , S. Kesh i 66 , L. Keszegho a 28a , S. Ke abchi Haghigha 155 , M. Khandoga 127, A. Khano 121, A.G. Kha lamo 37, T. Kha lamo a 37, E.E. Khoda 138, T.J. Khoo 18, G. Kho iauli 166, J. Khubua 149b, Y.A.R. Khwai a 66, M. Kiehn 36, A. Kilgallon 123, D.W. Kim 47a,47b, E. Kim 154, Y.K. Kim 39, N. Kimu a 96, A. Ki chho 55, D. Ki chmeie 50, C. Ki el 24, J. Ki k 134, A.E. Ki yunin 110, T. Kishimo o 153 , D.P. Kisliuk 155 , C. Ki saki 10 , O. Ki e nyk 24 , M. Klassen 63a , C. Klein 34 , L. Klein 166, M.H. Klein 106, M. Klein 92, S.B. Klein 56, U. Klein 92, P. Klimek 36, – 40 – JHEP07(2023)033 P.M. Tu s 41 , S. Tzama ias 152, , P. Tzanis 10 , E. Tzo a a 100 , K. Uchida 153 , F. Ukegawa 157 , P.A. Ulloa Poble e 137c , E.N. Umaka 29 , G. Unal 36 , M. Unal 11 , A. Und us 29 , G. Unel 160 , J. U ban 28b, P. U quijo 105, G. Usai 8, R. Ushioda 154, M. Usman 108, Z. Uysal 21b, L. Vaca an 102, V. Vacek 132, B. Vachon 104, K.O.H. Vadla 125, T. Va eiadis 36, A. Vai kus 96, C. Valde anis 109, E. Valdes San u io 47a,47b, M. Valen e 156a, S. Valen ine i 23b,23a, A. Vale o 163, A. Vallie 102, J.A. Valls Fe e 163, D.R. Van A neman 114, T.R. Van Daalen 138, P. Van Gemme en 6, M. Van Rijnbach 125,36, S. Van S oud 96, I. Van Vulpen 114, M. Vanadia 76a,76b, W. Vandelli 36, M. Vandenb oucke 135 , E.R. Vandewall 121 , D. Vannicola 151 , L. Vannoli 57b,57a , R. Va i 75a , E.W. Va nes 7, C. Va ni 17a, T. Va ol 148, D. Va ouchas 66, L. Va iale 163, K.E. Va ell 147, M.E. Vasile 27b, L. Vaslin40, G.A. Vasquez 165, F. Vazeille 40, T. Vazquez Sch oede 36, J. Vea ch 31, V. Vecchio 101, M.J. Veen 103, I. Veliscek 126, L.M. Veloce 155, F. Veloso 130a,130c, S. Veneziano 75a, A. Ven u a 70a,70b, A. Ve by skyi 110, M. Ve ducci 74a,74b, C. Ve gis 24, M. Ve issimo De A aujo 82b, W. Ve ke ke 114, J.C. Ve meulen 114, C. Ve nie i 143, P.J. Ve schuu en 95, M. Vessella 103, M.C. Ve e li 142,ad, A. Vgenopoulos 152, , N. Viaux Mai a 137 , T. Vickey 139, O.E. Vickey Boe iu 139, G.H.A. Viehhause 126, L. Vigani 63b, M. Villa 23b,23a, M. Villaplana Pe ez 163, E.M. Villhaue 52, E. Vilucchi 53, M.G. Vinc e 34, G.S. Vi dee 20, A. Vishwaka ma 52, C. Vi o i 36, I. Vi a elli 146, V. Vladimi o 167, E. Voe odina 110, F. Vogel 109, P. Vokac 132, J. Von Ahnen 48, E. Von Toe ne 24, B. Vo mwald 36, V. Vo obel 133, K. Vo obe 37, M. Vos 163, K. Voss 141, J.H. Vossebeld 92, M. Vozak 114, L. Vozdecky 94, N. V anjes 15, M. V anjes Milosa lje ic 15, M. V eeswijk 114, R. Vuille me 36 , O. Vujino ic 100 , I. Vuko ic 39 , S. Wada 157 , C. Wagne 103 , W. Wagne 171 , S. Wahdan 171, H. Wahlbe g 90, R. Wakasa 157, M. Wakida 111, V.M. Walb ech 110, J. Walde 134, R. Walke 109, W. Walkowiak 141, A.M. Wang 61, A.Z. Wang 170, C. Wang 100, C. Wang 62c, H. Wang 17a, J. Wang 64a, R.-J. Wang 100, R. Wang 61, R. Wang 6, S.M. Wang 148, S. Wang 62b, T. Wang 62a, W.T. Wang 80, X. Wang 14c, X. Wang 162, X. Wang 62c, Y. Wang 62d, Y. Wang 14c, Z. Wang 106, Z. Wang 62d,51,62c, Z. Wang 106, A. Wa bu on 104, R.J. Wa d 20, N. Wa ack 59, A.T. Wa son 20, H. Wa son 59 , M.F. Wa son 20 , G. Wa s 138 , B.M. Waugh 96 , A.F. Webb 11 , C. Webe 29 , H.A. Webe 18, M.S. Webe 19, S.M. Webe 63a, C. Wei62a, Y. Wei 126, A.R. Weidbe g 126, E.J. Weik 117 , J. Weinga en 49 , M. Wei ich 100 , C. Weise 54 , C.J. Wells 48 , T. Wenaus 29 , B. Wendland 49, T. Wengle 36, N.S. Wenke110, N. We mes 24, M. Wessels 63a, K. Whalen 123, A.M. Wha on 91, A.S. Whi e 61, A. Whi e 8, M.J. Whi e 1, D. Whi eson 160, L. Wick emasinghe 124, W. Wiedenmann 170, C. Wiel 50, M. Wiele s 134, C. Wigleswo h 42, L.A.M. Wiik-Fuchs 54, D.J. Wilbe n120, H.G. Wilkens 36, D.M. Williams 41, H.H. Williams128, S. Williams 32, S. Willocq 103, P.J. Windischho e 126, F. Winklmeie 123, B.T. Win e 54, J.K. Win e 101, M. Wi gen143, M. Wobisch 97, R. Wölke 126, J. Woll a h160, M.W. Wol e 86, H. Wol e s 130a,130c, V.W.S. Wong 164, A.F. Wongel 48, S.D. Wo m 48, B.K. Wosiek 86, K.W. Woźniak 86, K. W aigh 59, J. Wu 14a,14d, M. Wu 64a, M. Wu 113, S.L. Wu 170, X. Wu 56, Y. Wu 62a, Z. Wu 135,62a, J. Wue zinge 126, T.R. Wya 101, B.M. Wynne 52, S. Xella 42, L. Xia 14c, M. Xia14b, J. Xiang 64c , X. Xiao 106 , M. Xie 62a , X. Xie 62a , S. Xin 14a,14d , J. Xiong 17a , I. Xio idis 146 , – 47 – JHEP07(2023)033 D. Xu 14a, H. Xu62a, H. Xu 62a, L. Xu 62a, R. Xu 128, T. Xu 106, W. Xu 106, Y. Xu 14b, Z. Xu 62b, Z. Xu 14a, B. Yabsley 147, S. Yacoob 33a, N. Yamaguchi 89, Y. Yamaguchi 154, H. Yamauchi 157, T. Yamazaki 17a, Y. Yamazaki 84, J. Yan62c, S. Yan 126, Z. Yan 25, H.J. Yang 62c,62d, H.T. Yang 62a, S. Yang 62a, T. Yang 64c, X. Yang 62a, X. Yang 14a, Y. Yang 44, Y. Yang62a, Z. Yang 62a,106, W-M. Yao 17a, Y.C. Yap 48, H. Ye 14c, H. Ye 55, J. Ye 44, S. Ye 29, X. Ye 62a, Y. Yeh 96, I. Yele skikh 38, B.K. Yeo 17a, M.R. Yexley 91, P. Yin 41, K. Yo i a 168, S. Younas 27b, C.J.S. Young 54, C. Young 143, Y. Yu 62a, M. Yuan 106, R. Yuan 62b,l, L. Yue 96, X. Yue 63a, M. Zaazoua 35e, B. Zabinski 86, E. Zaid52, T. Zaka eish ili 149b, N. Zakha chuk 34, S. Zambi o 56, J.A. Zamo a Saa 137d,137b, J. Zang 153, D. Zanzi 54, O. Zapla ilek 132, S.V. Zeißne 49, C. Zei ni z 171, J.C. Zeng 162, D.T. Zenge J 26, O. Zenin 37, T. Ženiš 28a, S. Zenz 94, S. Ze adi 35a, D. Ze was 66, M. Zhai 14a,14d, B. Zhang 14c, D.F. Zhang 139, J. Zhang 62b, J. Zhang 6, K. Zhang 14a,14d, L. Zhang 14c, P. Zhang14a,14d, R. Zhang 170, S. Zhang 106, T. Zhang 153, X. Zhang 62c, X. Zhang 62b, Y. Zhang 62c,5, Z. Zhang 17a, Z. Zhang 66, H. Zhao 138, P. Zhao 51, T. Zhao 62b, Y. Zhao 136, Z. Zhao 62a, A. Zhemchugo 38, X. Zheng 62a, Z. Zheng 143, D. Zhong 162, B. Zhou106, C. Zhou 170, H. Zhou 7, N. Zhou 62c, Y. Zhou7, C.G. Zhu 62b, C. Zhu 14a,14d, H.L. Zhu 62a, J. Zhu 106, Y. Zhu 62c, Y. Zhu 62a, X. Zhuang 14a, K. Zhuko 37, V. Zhulano 37, N.I. Zimine 38, J. Zinsse 63b, M. Ziolkowski 141, L. Ži ko ić 15, A. Zoccoli 23b,23a, K. Zoch 56, T.G. Zo bas 139, O. Zo mpa 46, W. Zou 41, L. Zwalinski 36 1Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Adelaide, Adelaide; Aus alia 2Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Albe a, Edmon on AB; Canada 3 (a)Depa men o Physics, Anka a Uni e si y, Anka a;(b)Di ision o Physics, TOBB Uni e si y o Economics and Technology, Anka a; Tü kiye 4LAPP, Uni . Sa oie Mon Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy; F ance 5APC, Uni e si é Pa is Ci é, CNRS/IN2P3, Pa is; F ance 6High Ene gy Physics Di ision, A gonne Na ional Labo a o y, A gonne IL; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 7Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson AZ; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 8Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Texas a A ling on, A ling on TX; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 9Physics Depa men , Na ional and Kapodis ian Uni e si y o A hens, A hens; G eece 10 Physics Depa men , Na ional Technical Uni e si y o A hens, Zog a ou; G eece 11 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Texas a Aus in, Aus in TX; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 12 Ins i u e o Physics, Aze baijan Academy o Sciences, Baku; Aze baijan 13 Ins i u de Física d’Al es Ene gies (IFAE), Ba celona Ins i u e o Science and Technology, Ba celona; Spain 14 (a)Ins i u e o High Ene gy Physics, Chinese Academy o Sciences, Beijing;(b)Physics Depa men , Tsinghua Uni e si y, Beijing;(c)Depa men o Physics, Nanjing Uni e si y, Nanjing;(d)Uni e si y o Chinese Academy o Science (UCAS), Beijing; China 15 Ins i u e o Physics, Uni e si y o Belg ade, Belg ade; Se bia 16 Depa men o Physics and Technology, Uni e si y o Be gen, Be gen; No way 17 (a)Physics Di ision, Law ence Be keley Na ional Labo a o y, Be keley CA;(b)Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Be keley CA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 18 Ins i u ü Physik, Humbold Uni e si ä zu Be lin, Be lin; Ge many 19 Albe Eins ein Cen e o Fundamen al Physics and Labo a o y o High Ene gy Physics, Uni e si y o Be n, Be n; Swi ze land 20 School o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Bi mingham, Bi mingham; Uni ed Kingdom – 48 – JHEP07(2023)033 21 (a)Depa men o Physics, Bogazici Uni e si y, Is anbul;(b)Depa men o Physics Enginee ing, Gazian ep Uni e si y, Gazian ep;(c)Depa men o Physics, Is anbul Uni e si y, Is anbul;(d)Is inye Uni e si y, Sa iye , Is anbul; Tü kiye 22 (a)Facul ad de Ciencias y Cen o de In es igaciónes, Uni e sidad An onio Na iño, Bogo á;(b)Depa amen o de Física, Uni e sidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogo á; Colombia 23 (a)Dipa imen o di Fisica e As onomia A. Righi, Uni e si à di Bologna, Bologna;(b)INFN Sezione di Bologna; I aly 24 Physikalisches Ins i u , Uni e si ä Bonn, Bonn; Ge many 25 Depa men o Physics, Bos on Uni e si y, Bos on MA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 26 Depa men o Physics, B andeis Uni e si y, Wal ham MA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 27 (a) T ansil ania Uni e si y o B aso , B aso ; (b) Ho ia Hulubei Na ional Ins i u e o Physics and Nuclea Enginee ing, Bucha es ;(c)Depa men o Physics, Alexand u Ioan Cuza Uni e si y o Iasi, Iasi; (d) Na ional Ins i u e o Resea ch and De elopmen o Iso opic and Molecula Technologies, Physics Depa men , Cluj-Napoca;(e)Uni e si y Poli ehnica Bucha es , Bucha es ;( )Wes Uni e si y in Timisoa a, Timisoa a;(g)Facul y o Physics, Uni e si y o Bucha es , Bucha es ; Romania 28 (a) Facul y o Ma hema ics, Physics and In o ma ics, Comenius Uni e si y, B a isla a; (b) Depa men o Subnuclea Physics, Ins i u e o Expe imen al Physics o he Slo ak Academy o Sciences, Kosice; Slo ak Republic 29 Physics Depa men , B ookha en Na ional Labo a o y, Up on NY; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 30 Uni e sidad de Buenos Ai es, Facul ad de Ciencias Exac as y Na u ales, Depa amen o de Física, y CONICET, Ins i u o de Física de Buenos Ai es (IFIBA), Buenos Ai es; A gen ina 31 Cali o nia S a e Uni e si y, CA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 32 Ca endish Labo a o y, Uni e si y o Camb idge, Camb idge; Uni ed Kingdom 33 (a)Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Cape Town, Cape Town;(b)iThemba Labs, Wes e n Cape;(c)Depa men o Mechanical Enginee ing Science, Uni e si y o Johannesbu g, Johannesbu g;(d)Na ional Ins i u e o Physics, Uni e si y o he Philippines Diliman (Philippines);(e)Uni e si y o Sou h A ica, Depa men o Physics, P e o ia;( )Uni e si y o Zululand, KwaDlangezwa;(g)School o Physics, Uni e si y o he Wi wa e s and, Johannesbu g; Sou h A ica 34 Depa men o Physics, Ca le on Uni e si y, O awa ON; Canada 35 (a) Facul é des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Uni e si ai e de Physique des Hau es Ene gies — Uni e si é Hassan II, Casablanca;(b)Facul é des Sciences, Uni e si é Ibn-To ail, Kéni a;(c)Facul é des Sciences Semlalia, Uni e si é Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Ma akech;(d)LPMR, Facul é des Sciences, Uni e si é Mohamed P emie , Oujda;(e)Facul é des sciences, Uni e si é Mohammed V, Raba ;( )Ins i u e o Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Poly echnic Uni e si y, Ben Gue i ; Mo occo 36 CERN, Gene a; Swi ze land 37 A ilia ed wi h an ins i u e co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN 38 A ilia ed wi h an in e na ional labo a o y co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN 39 En ico Fe mi Ins i u e, Uni e si y o Chicago, Chicago IL; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 40 LPC, Uni e si é Cle mon Au e gne, CNRS/IN2P3, Cle mon -Fe and; F ance 41 Ne is Labo a o y, Columbia Uni e si y, I ing on NY; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 42 Niels Boh Ins i u e, Uni e si y o Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denma k 43 (a)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à della Calab ia, Rende;(b)INFN G uppo Collega o di Cosenza, Labo a o i Nazionali di F asca i; I aly 44 Physics Depa men , Sou he n Me hodis Uni e si y, Dallas TX; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 45 Physics Depa men , Uni e si y o Texas a Dallas, Richa dson TX; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 46 Na ional Cen e o Scien i ic Resea ch “Demok i os”, Agia Pa aske i; G eece 47 (a)Depa men o Physics, S ockholm Uni e si y;(b)Oska Klein Cen e, S ockholm; Sweden 48 Deu sches Elek onen-Synch o on DESY, Hambu g and Zeu hen; Ge many 49 Fakul ä Physik, Technische Uni e si ä Do mund, Do mund; Ge many 50 Ins i u ü Ke n- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Uni e si ä D esden, D esden; Ge many 51 Depa men o Physics, Duke Uni e si y, Du ham NC; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 52 SUPA — School o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Edinbu gh, Edinbu gh; Uni ed Kingdom – 49 – JHEP07(2023)033 53 INFN e Labo a o i Nazionali di F asca i, F asca i; I aly 54 Physikalisches Ins i u , Albe -Ludwigs-Uni e si ä F eibu g, F eibu g; Ge many 55 II. Physikalisches Ins i u , Geo g-Augus -Uni e si ä Gö ingen, Gö ingen; Ge many 56 Dépa emen de Physique Nucléai e e Co pusculai e, Uni e si é de Genè e, Genè e; Swi ze land 57 (a)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Geno a, Geno a;(b)INFN Sezione di Geno a; I aly 58 II. Physikalisches Ins i u , Jus us-Liebig-Uni e si ä Giessen, Giessen; Ge many 59 SUPA — School o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Glasgow, Glasgow; Uni ed Kingdom 60 LPSC, Uni e si é G enoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, G enoble INP, G enoble; F ance 61 Labo a o y o Pa icle Physics and Cosmology, Ha a d Uni e si y, Camb idge MA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 62 (a)Depa men o Mode n Physics and S a e Key Labo a o y o Pa icle De ec ion and Elec onics, Uni e si y o Science and Technology o China, He ei;(b)Ins i u e o F on ie and In e disciplina y Science and Key Labo a o y o Pa icle Physics and Pa icle I adia ion (MOE), Shandong Uni e si y, Qingdao;(c)School o Physics and As onomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong Uni e si y, Key Labo a o y o Pa icle As ophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai; (d) Tsung-Dao Lee Ins i u e, Shanghai; China 63 (a)Ki chho -Ins i u ü Physik, Rup ech -Ka ls-Uni e si ä Heidelbe g, Heidelbe g;(b)Physikalisches Ins i u , Rup ech -Ka ls-Uni e si ä Heidelbe g, Heidelbe g; Ge many 64 (a)Depa men o Physics, Chinese Uni e si y o Hong Kong, Sha in, N.T., Hong Kong;(b)Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Hong Kong, Hong Kong;(c)Depa men o Physics and Ins i u e o Ad anced S udy, Hong Kong Uni e si y o Science and Technology, Clea Wa e Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China 65 Depa men o Physics, Na ional Tsing Hua Uni e si y, Hsinchu; Taiwan 66 IJCLab, Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, O say; F ance 67 Cen o Nacional de Mic oelec ónica (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Ba celona; Spain 68 Depa men o Physics, Indiana Uni e si y, Blooming on IN; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 69 (a)INFN G uppo Collega o di Udine, Sezione di T ies e, Udine;(b)ICTP, T ies e;(c)Dipa imen o Poli ecnico di Ingegne ia e A chi e u a, Uni e si à di Udine, Udine; I aly 70 (a)INFN Sezione di Lecce;(b)Dipa imen o di Ma ema ica e Fisica, Uni e si à del Salen o, Lecce; I aly 71 (a)INFN Sezione di Milano;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Milano, Milano; I aly 72 (a)INFN Sezione di Napoli;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Napoli, Napoli; I aly 73 (a)INFN Sezione di Pa ia;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Pa ia, Pa ia; I aly 74 (a)INFN Sezione di Pisa;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica E. Fe mi, Uni e si à di Pisa, Pisa; I aly 75 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Sapienza Uni e si à di Roma, Roma; I aly 76 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma To Ve ga a;(b)Dipa imen o di Fisica, Uni e si à di Roma To Ve ga a, Roma; I aly 77 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma T e;(b)Dipa imen o di Ma ema ica e Fisica, Uni e si à Roma T e, Roma; I aly 78 (a)INFN-TIFPA;(b)Uni e si à degli S udi di T en o, T en o; I aly 79 Uni e si ä Innsb uck, Depa men o As o and Pa icle Physics, Innsb uck; Aus ia 80 Uni e si y o Iowa, Iowa Ci y IA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 81 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Iowa S a e Uni e si y, Ames IA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 82 (a)Depa amen o de Engenha ia Elé ica, Uni e sidade Fede al de Juiz de Fo a (UFJF), Juiz de Fo a;(b)Uni e sidade Fede al do Rio De Janei o COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janei o;(c)Ins i u o de Física, Uni e sidade de São Paulo, São Paulo;(d)Rio de Janei o S a e Uni e si y, Rio de Janei o; B azil 83 KEK, High Ene gy Accele a o Resea ch O ganiza ion, Tsukuba; Japan 84 G adua e School o Science, Kobe Uni e si y, Kobe; Japan 85 (a)AGH Uni e si y o Science and Technology, Facul y o Physics and Applied Compu e Science, K akow;(b)Ma ian Smoluchowski Ins i u e o Physics, Jagiellonian Uni e si y, K akow; Poland 86 Ins i u e o Nuclea Physics Polish Academy o Sciences, K akow; Poland 87 Facul y o Science, Kyo o Uni e si y, Kyo o; Japan 88 Kyo o Uni e si y o Educa ion, Kyo o; Japan – 50 – JHEP07(2023)033 89 Resea ch Cen e o Ad anced Pa icle Physics and Depa men o Physics, Kyushu Uni e si y, Fukuoka; Japan 90 Ins i u o de Física La Pla a, Uni e sidad Nacional de La Pla a and CONICET, La Pla a; A gen ina 91 Physics Depa men , Lancas e Uni e si y, Lancas e ; Uni ed Kingdom 92 Oli e Lodge Labo a o y, Uni e si y o Li e pool, Li e pool; Uni ed Kingdom 93 Depa men o Expe imen al Pa icle Physics, Jože S e an Ins i u e and Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slo enia 94 School o Physics and As onomy, Queen Ma y Uni e si y o London, London; Uni ed Kingdom 95 Depa men o Physics, Royal Holloway Uni e si y o London, Egham; Uni ed Kingdom 96 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y College London, London; Uni ed Kingdom 97 Louisiana Tech Uni e si y, Rus on LA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 98 Fysiska ins i u ionen, Lunds uni e si e , Lund; Sweden 99 Depa amen o de Física Teo ica C-15 and CIAFF, Uni e sidad Au ónoma de Mad id, Mad id; Spain 100 Ins i u ü Physik, Uni e si ä Mainz, Mainz; Ge many 101 School o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Manches e , Manches e ; Uni ed Kingdom 102 CPPM, Aix-Ma seille Uni e si é, CNRS/IN2P3, Ma seille; F ance 103 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s MA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 104 Depa men o Physics, McGill Uni e si y, Mon eal QC; Canada 105 School o Physics, Uni e si y o Melbou ne, Vic o ia; Aus alia 106 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Michigan, Ann A bo MI; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 107 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Michigan S a e Uni e si y, Eas Lansing MI; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 108 G oup o Pa icle Physics, Uni e si y o Mon eal, Mon eal QC; Canada 109 Fakul ä ü Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Uni e si ä München, München; Ge many 110 Max-Planck-Ins i u ü Physik (We ne -Heisenbe g-Ins i u ), München; Ge many 111 G adua e School o Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Ins i u e, Nagoya Uni e si y, Nagoya; Japan 112 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o New Mexico, Albuque que NM; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 113 Ins i u e o Ma hema ics, As ophysics and Pa icle Physics, Radboud Uni e si y/Nikhe , Nijmegen; Ne he lands 114 Nikhe Na ional Ins i u e o Suba omic Physics and Uni e si y o Ams e dam, Ams e dam; Ne he lands 115 Depa men o Physics, No he n Illinois Uni e si y, DeKalb IL; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 116 (a) New Yo k Uni e si y Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi; (b) Uni e si y o Sha jah, Sha jah; Uni ed A ab Emi a es 117 Depa men o Physics, New Yo k Uni e si y, New Yo k NY; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 118 Ochanomizu Uni e si y, O suka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan 119 Ohio S a e Uni e si y, Columbus OH; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 120 Home L. Dodge Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Oklahoma, No man OK; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 121 Depa men o Physics, Oklahoma S a e Uni e si y, S illwa e OK; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 122 Palacký Uni e si y, Join Labo a o y o Op ics, Olomouc; Czech Republic 123 Ins i u e o Fundamen al Science, Uni e si y o O egon, Eugene, OR; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 124 G adua e School o Science, Osaka Uni e si y, Osaka; Japan 125 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Oslo, Oslo; No way 126 Depa men o Physics, Ox o d Uni e si y, Ox o d; Uni ed Kingdom 127 LPNHE, So bonne Uni e si é, Uni e si é Pa is Ci é, CNRS/IN2P3, Pa is; F ance 128 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Pennsyl ania, Philadelphia PA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 129 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Pi sbu gh, Pi sbu gh PA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 130 (a) Labo a ó io de Ins umen ação e Física Expe imen al de Pa ículas — LIP, Lisboa; (b) Depa amen o de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;(c)Depa amen o de Física, Uni e sidade de Coimb a, Coimb a;(d)Cen o de Física Nuclea da Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; (e) Depa amen o de Física, Uni e sidade do Minho, B aga; ( ) Depa amen o de Física Teó ica y – 51 – JHEP07(2023)033 del Cosmos, Uni e sidad de G anada, G anada (Spain);(g)Depa amen o de Física, Ins i u o Supe io Técnico, Uni e sidade de Lisboa, Lisboa; Po ugal 131 Ins i u e o Physics o he Czech Academy o Sciences, P ague; Czech Republic 132 Czech Technical Uni e si y in P ague, P ague; Czech Republic 133 Cha les Uni e si y, Facul y o Ma hema ics and Physics, P ague; Czech Republic 134 Pa icle Physics Depa men , Ru he o d Apple on Labo a o y, Didco ; Uni ed Kingdom 135 IRFU, CEA, Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay, Gi -su -Y e e; F ance 136 San a C uz Ins i u e o Pa icle Physics, Uni e si y o Cali o nia San a C uz, San a C uz CA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 137 (a)Depa amen o de Física, Pon i icia Uni e sidad Ca ólica de Chile, San iago;(b)Millennium Ins i u e o Suba omic physics a high ene gy on ie (SAPHIR), San iago;(c)Ins i u o de In es igación Mul idisciplina io en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Depa amen o de Física, Uni e sidad de La Se ena; (d) Uni e sidad And es Bello, Depa men o Physics, San iago; (e) Ins i u o de Al a In es igación, Uni e sidad de Ta apacá, A ica; ( ) Depa amen o de Física, Uni e sidad Técnica Fede ico San a Ma ía, Valpa aíso; Chile 138 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le WA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 139 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o She ield, She ield; Uni ed Kingdom 140 Depa men o Physics, Shinshu Uni e si y, Nagano; Japan 141 Depa men Physik, Uni e si ä Siegen, Siegen; Ge many 142 Depa men o Physics, Simon F ase Uni e si y, Bu naby BC; Canada 143 SLAC Na ional Accele a o Labo a o y, S an o d CA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 144 Depa men o Physics, Royal Ins i u e o Technology, S ockholm; Sweden 145 Depa men s o Physics and As onomy, S ony B ook Uni e si y, S ony B ook NY; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 146 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Sussex, B igh on; Uni ed Kingdom 147 School o Physics, Uni e si y o Sydney, Sydney; Aus alia 148 Ins i u e o Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan 149 (a)E. And onikash ili Ins i u e o Physics, I . Ja akhish ili Tbilisi S a e Uni e si y, Tbilisi;(b)High Ene gy Physics Ins i u e, Tbilisi S a e Uni e si y, Tbilisi;(c)Uni e si y o Geo gia, Tbilisi; Geo gia 150 Depa men o Physics, Technion, Is ael Ins i u e o Technology, Hai a; Is ael 151 Raymond and Be e ly Sackle School o Physics and As onomy, Tel A i Uni e si y, Tel A i ; Is ael 152 Depa men o Physics, A is o le Uni e si y o Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; G eece 153 In e na ional Cen e o Elemen a y Pa icle Physics and Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Tokyo, Tokyo; Japan 154 Depa men o Physics, Tokyo Ins i u e o Technology, Tokyo; Japan 155 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o To on o, To on o ON; Canada 156 (a)TRIUMF, Vancou e BC;(b)Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Yo k Uni e si y, To on o ON; Canada 157 Di ision o Physics and Tomonaga Cen e o he His o y o he Uni e se, Facul y o Pu e and Applied Sciences, Uni e si y o Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan 158 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Tu s Uni e si y, Med o d MA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 159 Uni ed A ab Emi a es Uni e si y, Al Ain; Uni ed A ab Emi a es 160 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Cali o nia I ine, I ine CA; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 161 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden 162 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana IL; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 163 Ins i u o de Física Co puscula (IFIC), Cen o Mix o Uni e sidad de Valencia — CSIC, Valencia; Spain 164 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o B i ish Columbia, Vancou e BC; Canada 165 Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Uni e si y o Vic o ia, Vic o ia BC; Canada 166 Fakul ä ü Physik und As onomie, Julius-Maximilians-Uni e si ä Wü zbu g, Wü zbu g; Ge many 167 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Wa wick, Co en y; Uni ed Kingdom 168 Waseda Uni e si y, Tokyo; Japan – 52 – JHEP07(2023)033 169 Depa men o Pa icle Physics and As ophysics, Weizmann Ins i u e o Science, Reho o ; Is ael 170 Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Wisconsin, Madison WI; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica 171 Fakul ä ü Ma hema ik und Na u wissenscha en, Fachg uppe Physik, Be gische Uni e si ä Wuppe al, Wuppe al; Ge many 172 Depa men o Physics, Yale Uni e si y, New Ha en CT; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica aAlso A ilia ed wi h an ins i u e co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN bAlso a An-Najah Na ional Uni e si y, Nablus; Pales ine c Also a Bo ough o Manha an Communi y College, Ci y Uni e si y o New Yo k, New Yo k NY; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica dAlso a B uno Kessle Founda ion, T en o; I aly eAlso a Cen e o High Ene gy Physics, Peking Uni e si y; China Also a Cen e o In e disciplina y Resea ch and Inno a ion (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki; G eece gAlso a Cen o S udi e Rice che En ico Fe mi; I aly hAlso a CERN, Gene a; Swi ze land iAlso a Dépa emen de Physique Nucléai e e Co pusculai e, Uni e si é de Genè e, Genè e; Swi ze land jAlso a Depa amen de Fisica de la Uni e si a Au onoma de Ba celona, Ba celona; Spain k Also a Depa men o Financial and Managemen Enginee ing, Uni e si y o he Aegean, Chios; G eece lAlso a Depa men o Physics and As onomy, Michigan S a e Uni e si y, Eas Lansing MI; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica mAlso a Depa men o Physics, Ben Gu ion Uni e si y o he Nege , Bee She a; Is ael nAlso a Depa men o Physics, Cali o nia S a e Uni e si y, Eas Bay; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica oAlso a Depa men o Physics, Cali o nia S a e Uni e si y, Sac amen o; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica pAlso a Depa men o Physics, King’s College London, London; Uni ed Kingdom qAlso a Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o F ibou g, F ibou g; Swi ze land Also a Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Thessaly; G eece sAlso a Depa men o Physics, Wes mon College, San a Ba ba a; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica Also a Hellenic Open Uni e si y, Pa as; G eece uAlso a Ins i ucio Ca alana de Rece ca i Es udis A anca s, ICREA, Ba celona; Spain Also a Ins i u ü Expe imen alphysik, Uni e si ä Hambu g, Hambu g; Ge many wAlso a Ins i u e o Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Poly echnic Uni e si y, Ben Gue i ; Mo occo xAlso a Ins i u e o Pa icle Physics (IPP); Canada yAlso a Ins i u e o Physics and Technology, Ulaanbaa a ; Mongolia zAlso a Ins i u e o Physics, Aze baijan Academy o Sciences, Baku; Aze baijan aa Also a Ins i u e o Theo e ical Physics, Ilia S a e Uni e si y, Tbilisi; Geo gia ab Also a Law ence Li e mo e Na ional Labo a o y, Li e mo e; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica ac Also a The Collabo a i e Inno a ion Cen e o Quan um Ma e (CICQM), Beijing; China ad Also a TRIUMF, Vancou e BC; Canada ae Also a Uni e si à di Napoli Pa henope, Napoli; I aly a Also a Uni e si y o Chinese Academy o Sciences (UCAS), Beijing; China ag Also a Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde , Depa men o Physics, Colo ado; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica ah Also a Washing on College, Ma yland; Uni ed S a es o Ame ica ∗Deceased – 53 –