The R/ETS ratio: Where we are now
Abstract
The relationship between respiration and the activity of the electron transport system (ETS) is an unresolved issue that begs more understanding, because measuring ETS activity or its equivalent, potential respiration, is the fastest and most synoptic way of assessing respiration (R ) in ocean space. Furthermore, this topic is an entry point to the understanding of respiratory control. As we know from the variability in respiration measurements, in Kleiber’s Law, and in past R/ETS studies, many factors can alter respiration. Temperature, nutrient limitation, age, size, temporal periodicity, and activity levels are among these factors. To model or to measure respiration accurately, these factors need to be understood.
Full text
The R/ETS a io: Whe e we a e now
The ela ionship be ween espi a ion and he ac i i y o
he elec on anspo sys em (ETS) is an un esol ed issue
ha begs mo e unde s anding, because measu ing ETS
ac i i y o i s equi alen , po en ial espi a ion, is he as es
and mos synop ic way o assessing espi a ion (R) in ocean
space. Fu he mo e, his opic is an en y poin o he
unde s anding o espi a o y con ol. As we know om he
a iabili y in espi a ion measu emen s, in Kleibe ’s Law, and
in pas R/ETS s udies, many ac o s can al e espi a ion.
Tempe a u e, nu ien -limi a ion, age, size, empo al
pe iodici y, and ac i i y le els a e among hese ac o s. To
model o o measu e espi a ion accu a ely, hese ac o s need
o be unde s ood.
He e we p esen ou p og ess in bo h he ield and in he
labo a o y in measu ing and in e p e ing R and ETS
measu emen s and hei ela ionship. We e iew
measu emen s made on di e en size classes o ma ine
zooplank on om many di e en oceanog aphic a eas (Cen al
A lan ic, No h Paci ic, Cana y Islands, Bal ic Sea, and
An a c ica) and on a spec um o species om 5 phyla o
zooplank on plus p o ozoans and bac e ia, (Fig. 1, Table 1).
We ind ha he a iabili y in he ela ionship is associa ed
wi h o ganism size, age, nu i ional s a e, and empe a u e.
These indings a e helping us unde s and he a iabili y in he
R/ETS a io ha we obse e in he sea.
Conclusions:
The main ac o s a ec ing he Respi a ion / ETS a io a e:
1.- The nu i ional s a e. Well- ed o ganisms ha e highe a ios han s a ed o ganisms.
2.- The age o o ganisms, ju eniles ha e a ios highe han adul s.
Ano he ac o migh be he empe a u e, he a ios seems o be highe a lowe empe a u es
M. Gómez, I. Fe nández-U uzola, A. He e a, F. Maldonado-U ibe, I. Ma ínez,
N. Osma and T. Packa d
Biological Oceanog aphy Labo a o y, Depa men o Biology. Uni e si y o Las Palmas de G an Cana ia.
Zooplank on samples
Lep omysis ling u a
A emia sp.
Oxy his ma ina
Tempe a u e e ec
Zooplank on mix
S a a ion e ec
Oxy his ma ina
Lep omysis ling u a
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
RRESPIRATION/ETS
TIME (hou s)
R/ETS a io as a unc ion o cul u e age
R/ETS
Py u a e
Pseudomonas nau ica
on py u a e
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
Respi a ion/ ETS ac i i y
[Py u a e]/36
R/ETS = ( ood a ailabili y)
Pseudomonas nau ica
on py u a e
R/ETS (Oxy his ma ina)
y = 0,9414x - 0,3444
R² = 0,9811
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
log (Respi a ion animal-1 (ml O2h-1))
log (F(ml O2h-1 animal-1))
log (Respi a ion) s log (F)
R/ETS (Zooplank on mix Paci ic )
R/ETS (Vib io na iegans )
R/ETS (Zooplank on mix Cana y Islands)
R/ETS (Lep omysis ling u a)
R/ETS (A emia sp.)
Sample R/Ф Loca ion
Vib io na iegans 0,30 ± 0,07
(n=9)
Labo a o y cul u es
Oxy his ma ina 0,53 ± 0,52
(n=27)
Labo a o y cul u es
A emia salina 0,89 ± 0,23
(n=31)
Labo a o y cul u es
Lep omysis ling u a 0,73 ± 0,18
(n=14)
Labo a o y cul u es (well
ed)
Lep omysis ling u a 0,41 ± 0,19
(n=35)
Labo a o y cul u es
(s a ed)
Calanus paci icus 0.59 ± 0.19
(n=2)
No h Paci ic
Copepods 0.71 ± 0.40
(n=6)
No h A lan ic (Eas )
No h Paci ic
(T opical Eas )
Zooplank on 0.50 ± 0.17
(n=146)
No h A lan ic (Eas )
No h Paci ic
Zooplank on
(100-200 µm)
0.94 ± 0.47
(n=13)
Bal ic Sea
1.59 ± 0.88
(n=2)
Cana y Islands
0.95 ± 0.98
(n=10)
G an Cana ia
(Onsho e)
Zooplank on
(200-500 µm)
0.42 ± 0.19
(n=16)
Bal ic Sea
0.77 ± 0.28
(n=60)
Cana y Islands
0.65 ± 0.39
(n=42)
G an Cana ia
(Lab. Expe imen s)
Zooplank on
(500-1000 µm)
0.40 ± 0.06
(n=4)
Bal ic Sea
0.57 ± 0.17
(n=6)
Cana y Islands
0.35 ± 0.06
(n=4)
T opical A lanc ic
Zooplank on
1000 µm
0.19 ± 0.11
(n=20)
An a ica
Fig. 1