A Novel U-Shaped Tri-Band Antenna on High Permittivity Multilayer Substrate for Wireless Communications
Abstract
In this paper, a detailed study of a new proposed rectangular dielectric u-shaped tri-band antenna is presented. A meticulous study considering the high permittivity material effect is introduced and discussed. All the design procedures are performed by using CST MS software. Moreover, the modified shaped patch antenna by introducing a slot on the rectangular radiated patch, offers improved bandwidth and allows an important miniaturization in size. Note that the proposed antenna can be used for several wireless technologies, especially for the GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, all bands GPS frequencies, ISM band and ultra wide band applications. Detailed design steps, parametric studies and the simulation results for the proposed antenna are investigated under specific scenarios. Finally some concluding remarks will be drawn.
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JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 19, ISSUE 2, APRIL 2013 29 A Novel U-Shaped Tri-Band Antenna on High Permittivity Multilayer Substrate for Wireless Communications O. Aghzout1*, A. Naghar1, F. Medina2, M. Alaydrus3 and M. Essaaidi4* Abstract—In this paper, a detailed study of a new proposed rectangular dielectric u-shaped tri-band antenna is presented. A meticulous study considering the high permittivity material effect is introduced and discussed. All the design procedures are performed by using CST MS software. Moreover, the modified shaped patch antenna by introducing a slot on the rectangular radiated patch, offers improved bandwidth and allows an important miniaturization in size. Note that the proposed antenna can be used for several wireless technologies, especially for the GSM, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WLAN, WiMAX, all bands GPS frequencies, ISM band and ultra wide band applications. Detailed design steps, parametric studies and the simulation results for the proposed antenna are investigated under specific scenarios. Finally some concluding remarks will be drawn. Index Terms—High permittivity, Multi-band and UWB patch antennas, bandwidth, miniaturization, wireless technologies. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION nthelastfewyears,themicrostriptechnologyarethe mostrapidlydevelopingantennas.Severaladvantages thatarethereasonsthatmakeitveryattractiveforcon‐ sumercommunications;itpromisestorevolutionizehigh dataratetransmissionandenablesthepersonalareanet‐ workingindustryleadingtonewinnovationsandgreater qualityofservicetoenduser.Theseantennashaveawide applicationinthefieldofmobilecommunications,inte‐ gratedsystems,satellites,andsoforth.Themicrostrip antennashavemanyadvantages,whicharelightweight, smallsize,lowcost,andeaseofinstallation.Oneofthe mostimportantdisadvantagesofthemicrostripantennas istheirlimitedbandwidth,especiallytocoveracertain bandofaspecificapplication. Theexplosivegrowthofwirelesscommunicationsystems hasledtoanincreasingdemandforintegratinganew shapedantennawithacompactlow‐costRFfrontend [1,2].Patchantennashaveaplanarstructure,suitablefor integrationonamultilayeredmaterial,suchasmultilayer organic(MLO)orlowtemperatureco‐fired(LTCC)mate‐ rials[2].TheLTCCmultilayertechnologyisbecoming moreandmorepopularforitsflexibilityinrealizingan arbitrarynumberoflayerswitheasy‐to‐integratecircuit componentslikevia‐holes,thickfilmresistors[3],cavity‐ buriedortop‐mountedsimultaneousmulti‐threading (SMT)components,orevenchipdevices.Typically,LTCC materialspossessahighdielectricconstant[4].Onone hand,thishelpstominiaturizetheantennasizeduetothe shorterwavelengthsinsuchhighdielectric‐constantma‐ terialsandtheresonantnatureofthepatchradiator[5‐9]. Theprincipalaimofthisarticleistoproposeasuitable structuredesignofacompactmulti‐bandantennafor2G, 3G,4GandUWBcommunicationsystemsonhighper‐ mittivitysubstrate[10,12,13].Asitwillbedemonstrate,to coverseveralmobileandwirelesscommunicationtech‐ nologies,preciselyGSM(890‐960MHz),DCS1800(1710‐ 1880MHz),PCS1900(1850‐1950MHz),UMTS(1920‐2170 MHz),IEEE802.11b,BluetoothandGPSFrequencyband. Thegeometricalconfigurationofthenewantenna,espe‐ ciallythedielectricpermittivity[11],thethicknessofthe uppersubstrate,thepartialgroundplaneandtheposition ofthefeedline;arethecriticalparameterswhichallowto obtainthedesiredoperationalbands, 2 ANTENNA STRUCTURE AND DESIGN GUIDELINES 2.1 Geometry of the Basic Antenna Asmentionedpreviously,ourprincipalobjectiveisfo‐ cusedonthedevelopmentofanewtri‐bandantenna structurewithahighpermittivitymultilayerdielectric substrate.Theoriginalideaoftheproposedantennaorig‐ inatesfromthesimplerectangularantenna.Toachieve ournewantennastructure,firstlyweconcentrateour worktodevelopandoptimizestepbysteptheparame‐ tersofthesimplerectangularantennafortherequired band.Thesimpleproposedantennageometryunder studyisshowninFig.1.Theantennaconsistsinarectan‐ gularpatchprintedontheGalliumArsenidesubstrateof I ———————————————— 1FS,1*TITMDepartment,ENSATé,UAE,Tétouan,Morocco. 2MicrowaveGroup,UniversityofSeville,Spain. 3FacultyofComputerSciences,MercuBuanaUniversity,Indonesia 4*ENSIAS,MohamedV‐Souissi,Rabat,Morocco.
30 permittivity12.9withlosstangent0.006.Thesizeofthe substrateis(LsxWsxH1)=(32mmx13mmx4mm).The dimensionsoffeedlineandthepartialgroundplaneare 2.5mmx7.8mmand13mmx4mmrespectively.The feedlineisexcitedbyRFsourcewithimpedanceof50 . Thentheantennashouldbematchedtocharacteristicim‐ pedanceofmicrostriplinefeed.AscanbeseeninFig.1‐ b‐,theradiatedelementhasbeencoveredbyahighdie‐ lectricpermittivity.Therestparametervaluestoconstruct thebasicantennaareasfollows:Wp=10mm,Lp=16 mm,H2=1mmandthedielectricpermittivityoftheup‐ perSubstrateis25. It should be noted that,theuppersubstratewouldhavea biginfluenceovertheoperatingfrequencybandofthe proposedantenna.Nevertheless,alongwiththehighof theuppersubstrate,partialgroundandtheimplementa‐ tionofslotsonthepatchelement,otherparametersasthe positionofthefeedlinewouldbeaffectthedesiredoper‐ ationalbands. 2.2 Optimized Basic Antenna Parameters Itshouldbenotedthat,anoptimizationofthebasican‐ tennaparametersofthepreviousparagraphisnecessary toobtainthebestresponses.Afterwardadetailedanaly‐ sis,thefinalbasicantennageometryparametersarefixed inthefollowingvalues:Wp=10mm,Lp=16.2mm,H2= 0.8mm,Ws=32mm,Ls=13mm,H1=3.5mm,Wf=2.5 mm,Lf=7.8mmandLg=16.2mm.Takenintoaccount that,thedielectricpermittivityoftheupperSubstrateis always25.Nevertheless,thegeometricalparameters whichaffecttheantennaperformancewillbeanalyzedto drivesomedesignrules. A. Effect of the Ground Plane Afteradetailedstudy,weconsiderthemetallicground planeamongtheparametersthathaveabiginfluenceon theresponse.Thesameissuesandotherparametricstudy willbediscussedinthenextsubsectionsindetail.inFig.2 weplotthereturnlossresponsefordifferentdimensions ofthemetallicgroundplane.Weconcludethatthedi‐ mensionofthegroundplanehaveabigeffectonthe bandwidth.Itcanbeseenthatthisgeometrycanoperate forseveraltechnologiesmakingitsuitableforwideband applications.Notethat,theoptimizedvalueofthepartial groundplanelengthof3.8mmwillbemaintainedforthe restofthiswork. B. Effect of the Thickness of the Upper Substrate ThereturnlossoftheproposedUWBantennafordiffer‐ entvaluesofH2ispresentedinFig.3.Itcanbeshown thatthethicknessoftheuppersubstratehasanimportant effectontheimpedancebandwidthandthecentralfre‐ quenciesareshiftedtowardthelowfrequencies.It’sob‐ servedalsowhenthethicknessoftheuppersubstrate valueincreases,thefrequencybandsdisappears.Thatis waytheoptimizeddimensionofthethicknessforthebest responsetakesH2=0.8mmvalue.Fig.4showtheReturn Losscharacteristicfordifferentdielectricpermittivity Fig. 2. Return loss for different ground plane length values (Lg). Fig. 1. Geometry of the compact proposed antenna unde r study. Fig.3.ReturnLossfordifferentthicknessoftheupper substratestudy.
31 values.Itisclearlyshownthatthefrequencybandsare shiftedandanewultrawidebandof5.8GHzwasap‐ pearedforr=1.05. C. Effect of the Feed Line Position Inthissection,theeffectofthefeedlinepositiononthe reflectioncoefficientisinvestigated.AscanbeseeninFig. 5,theeffectoftheparameterMonreflectioncoefficientis veryimportant.Therefore,thebandwidthishighlyinflu‐ encedbythepositionofthefeedlinefromtheground planeedge.ItisobservedthattheoptimumvalueofMis 2.75mm.Forbrevity,Itshouldbenotedthattheeffectof thefeedlinepositionduetosurfacecurrentdensityofthe antenna.Consequently,theantennaunderstudycouldbe usedforseveralrecenttechnologiesasGSM,DCS1800, PCS1900,UMTS,ISMBand,WiFi,WLAN,WiMAXBlue‐ toothandGPS…etc. 3 COMPACT U-SHAPED ANTENNA DESIGN A. Aperture Effects Inthissection,somemodificationsforthedesignedan‐ tennaarepresented.Particularly,ourinvestigationhas beenfocusedontheeffectoftheradiatingelementgeom‐ etryonthebehavioroftheresults.AsitisclearfromFig. 6,theshapeoftheantennaradiatingelementsgeometry underwentsomemodifications.Wethendemonstrate thatthismodificationinthedesignoftheradiatingele‐ menthasadoubleeffect,ontheonehandgivingrisetoa newresonantfrequenciesapparitionandontheother handontheminiaturizationofthewholeantennasize. Afterarigorousstudyofthenewproposedstructure with the slot intheupperradiatedelement,Itisverified Fig. 5. –aAntenne avec une alimentation décalée under study. –bReturn loss for different position of the feed line position from the ground plane edge. Fig. 4. Return loss for different value of dielectric permittivit y of the upper substrate. Fig. 7. Return loss for different value of dielectric permittivity of the upper substrate. Fig. 6. Geometry of the optimal design of the compact proposed U-shaped antenna.
32 thatthebestresponsesareobtainedwiththefollowing optimizedparametersofthenewproposedu‐shapedan‐ tenna:Wp=10mm,Lp=15.7mm,H1=3.5mm,H2=0.1 mm,Ls=25mm,Ws=13mm,Wf=2.5mm,Lf=7.8mm,Lg =6.5mm.Thedielectricpermittivityoftheuppersub‐ strateandMparameterare25and3.55respectively.The optimizedsizeoftherectangularslotis13.7mmx8mm. Since the new parameters of the designed antenna, we prove that the implementation of an aperture in the radiated element affects in a clear way the size of the whole antenna. In other words, we conclude that the introduction of the slot on the upper patch permits the miniaturization of the antenna. Fig.7showsthesimulatedreturnlossofthenovelU‐ shapedantennaofFig.6.Itisfoundthattheintroduction oftheslotontheradiatingelementgivesalsorisetoa newbandwidthofS11<‐10dB,for0.35to1.23GHz,2to 2.9GHz,and4.4to8.9GHzrespectively,whicharesuffi‐ cienttosatisfyourdesigngoals.Inthisway,thenovelTri‐ bandrectangularU‐shapedpatchantennadesigncan surelyoperateforallthefollowingbandwidthtechnolo‐ gies:GSM,Wi‐Fi,Bluetooth,wirelesslocalareanetwork (WLANs)applicationsoperatingfor5‐6GHzISMband, WiMaxandGPs.Itshouldbenotedthat,widebandappli‐ cationscouldbealsoconsidered. B. Radiation Pattern Thesimulatednormalizedradiationpatternoftheanten‐ nainbothE‐planeandH‐planearedisplayedinFig.8. Theantennashowsaquietstableradiationpatternover theentirefrequencyrangeofinterest. Omnidirectionalcharacteristicsandradiationbandwidth canfurtherbeimprovedbyusingmultilayersubstrateor asubstratewithhighdielectricconstant[13].Thepro‐ posedantennahasomnidirectionalradiationcharacteris‐ ticintheHplaneandnearlyofeightradiationpatternin theEplaneoverthedesiredband. C. current Surface Distributions Figure9showsthesimulatedsurfacecurrentdistribu‐ tionsatdifferentfrequencies.At2.4GHz,thecurrent mainlyflowsinthepatchasshowninFigure9.Thereis littlecurrentintheradiatingpatchandthereforetheradi‐ ationisnotconsiderable[12].Thegroundplanehascon‐ siderablesurfacecurrentwhichcausestheantennamight notbethebestresponsiveatthatfrequency.At6.5GHz, thesurfacecurrentisconcentratedaroundtheU‐shaped slotsasshowninFigure10.Thereisconsiderablecurrent flowingthroughtheradiatingpatchit,whichcausesthe antennatobeveryresponsiveatthatfrequency.Thus,the impedanceofthestructureiswell‐matchedandcaused smallreflections,whichinturnresultinincreaseinradia‐ tionefficiency,anddecreasesinreturnloss.Furthermiss‐ inginterferencebetweenradiatingpatchandground planeexcitedsurfacecurrentsresultsinincreaseinan‐ tennaefficiency. Fig. 8. Radiation patterns of proposed antenna at 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz and 6.5 GHz for the proposed compact U-shaped antenna. Fig. 10. Surface current distribution of proposed Tri-band U-shape UWB antenna at 6.5 GHz. Fig. 9. Surface current distribution of proposed Tri-band Ushape UWB antenna at 2.4 GHz.
33 4 CONCLUSION Thedesignofanewcompactlowcostprintedmultilayer highpermittivityU‐shapedpatchantennahasbeenpre‐ sentedanddiscussed.Theproposedantennacanbeeasily integratedwithinthePCBsofvarioussystems.Bysimply adjustingtheU‐shapedslotintheradiatingplaneandthe lengthofthegroundplane,thedesiredfrequencyband andthesizeoftheantennacanbesuccessivelycontrolled. Severalgeometryparametershavebeenproposedand investigatedindetailswiththeobjectivetoshiftthe bandwidthandadapttheantennatooperateforvarious technologiesasGSM,Wi‐Fi,Bluetooth,wirelesslocalarea network(WLANs)applicationsoperatingfor5‐6GHz ISMband,WiMax,GPsandwidebandapplications.As canbeseen,theradiationpatternsareomnidirectional overthedesiredfrequencybandsandtheanalysisresults oftheReturnLosssimulationsshowsthattheproposed U‐shapedplanarantennacanbewidelyusedinrecentof telecommunicationsystems. ACKNOWLEDGMENT TheauthorsofthispaperwouldliketothankProf.M. Drissi,INSAofRennes,Franceforhelpingustocarryout theCSTsimulations. 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[13] S.K.MishraandJ.Mukherjee“CompactPrintedDualBand‐ NotchedU‐shapeUWBAntenna’’,ProgressInElectromagnetics ResearchC,Vol.27,169‐181,2012 [14] Wu,Q.,R.Jin,J.Geng,andM.Ding,“Printedomni‐directional UWBmonopoleantennawithverycompactsize”,IEEETrans. AntennasPropagation,Vol.56,896‐899,2008. Otman Aghzout was born in Tétouan, Morocco. He received the Electronics degree from Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco, in 1995, and M. degree and the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications Engineering at the High School of Telecommunications Engineering (ETSITGC) of Canary Island University, Spain in 2000 and January 2002, respectively. He has also been a researcher student at the Microwave Group of the Dept. of Electronics and Electromagnetism, University of Seville (Seville, Spain)from 1996 till 1999.In January 2002, he joined the Medical Technology Center (CTM) of the University Hospital of GC, where he worked in Medical Engineering applications for two years. (2002-2004) He has been a Teaching Assistant on Telecommunications Engineering and Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of the Signal Processing Engineering, High School of TE (ETSITGC). Since 2009 he joined the Dept. Of Engineering Technologies: Telecommunications and Mechatronics (TITM) as an associate Professor of Telecommunications Engineering, National School of applied Sciences, UAE, Tétouan, Morocco. Currently his interests are printed microwave passive and active circuits, Filters and antenna designs. Azzeddin Naghar was born in Tetouan, Morroco. He received the Engineer Degree in telecommunication engineering at the National School of Applied Sciences from Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco 2011. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Telecommunications Engineering with the electronic and microwave group at Abdelmalek Essaadi University. His research interests include antennadesign and RF filters. Mudrik Alaydrus born in Jakarta on May 1971. He received Dipl. Ing. degree at University of Hannover in 1997 and Dr.-Ing. degree at University of Wuppertal, Germany in 2001, both in electrical engineering. From 1997 to 2002 he worked as a research and teaching assistant at the group of electromagnetic theory at University of Wuppertal. Since 2003 he has worked as lecturer at University of Mercu Buana, Jakarta. His main interests are computational electromagnetic and its applications in wireless communication systems. He is author of two text book on Transmission Lines and Antennas (in Indonesian) and more than 40 papers in international journals and conferences. Francisco Medina (M.Sc. 1983, Ph.D. 1987) has been Associate Professor (1989-2009) and Full Professor (since 2009) of Electromagnetism at the Dept. of Electronics and Electromagnetism, University of Seville (Seville, Spain). He has also been visiting scholar (1986-87) at the ENSEEIHT (INP Toulouse, France) and visiting Professor (2009) at the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (Queen Mary University of London, UK). He has been
34 involved in applied electromagnetism research (microwave and antenna engineering and metamaterials) during almost 30 years. He has co-authored almost 130 journal papers and book chapters on those topics. He has also contributed to more than 240 conference presentations. Since 2005 heis a Fellow of the Electromagnetics MIT Academy and since 2010 he is a Fellow of IEEE. He has been a member of the TPC of several major conferences in the microwaves field and acts as reviewer for more than 40 scientific and professional journals (IEEE, IEE, APS and IOP). Presently he is interested on printed microwave passive circuits and antennas and analytical modeling of electromagnetic periodic structures. Mohamed Essaaidi, Prof. Dr. and IEEE Senior Member, is the current Director of National College of IT (ENSIAS) of Mohammed 5th Souissi University, Rabat, Morocco and he was a Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco from 1993 till 2011. He is the founder and Chairman of the IEEE Morocco Section, founder of IEEE Computer & Communication Societies Joint Morocco Chapter, Founder and Chair of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society and Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Morocco Joint Chapter and founder of IEEE Education Society Morocco Chapter. He has been also the founding Director of the Morocco Office of Arab Science and Technology Foundation, ASTF (2006-2009) and the Coordinator of ASTF RD&I Network of Electro-Technology since 2006. He has also founded several IEEE Student-Branches in different Moroccan universities and engineering schools. He has authored and co-authored 5 books and more than 120 papers in international refereed journals and conferences in the field of Electrical, Information and Communication Technologies. He has been the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal on Information and Communication Technologies, Serial Publications, India since 2007. He is also an active member of the editorial boards of several IEEE and other indexed international journals in the field of information and communication technologies. Prof. Essaaidi also founded and has been the General Chair of the Mediterranean Microwave Symposium since the year 2000, Information and Communication Technologies International Symposium in 2005 and 2007, the International Conference on Multimedia Systems and Computing in 2009, 2011 and 2012 and the International Conference on Complex Systems in 2012. He has also been involved in the Organizing and Scientific Committees of other several international conferences held worldwide. He holds four patents on antennas for very high data rate UWB and multi-band wireless communication systems and high resolution medical imaging systems. Furthermore, he has coorganized / been involved in the juries of several national and international competitions aiming at fostering research, development and innovation such as Moroccan Engineers Week 2006, 2007, ―Made in Morocco‖, Arab Science and Technology Foundation (ASTF) ―Made in Arabia‖ Competitions in 2007 and 2009, Qatar Foundation Stars of Science 2010 and Intel Science Competition 2011. He was also a member of the IEEE 802.16 Sponsor Ballot Pool of IEEE Standard Association that defined.