Resgate do patrimônio geomineiro no Brasil: O Caminho dos Diamantes – Estrada Real (Minas Gerais, Brasil)
Abstract
Apesar da ausência de um enquadramento legal específico para questões referentes à conservação de valores relacionados à geodiversidade do Brasil, inúmeros levantamentos de geossítios vêm sendo executados no âmbito da academia e do serviço geológico do país, assim como têm surgido proposições de geoconservação e projetos de geoparques. Contudo, o tema patrimônio mineiro ainda é tratado de modo incipiente, se considerar a dimensão do setor mineral no Brasil. O projeto em curso pretende estabelecer metodologias para identificação, caracterização e conservação do patrimônio geomineiro brasileiro, tendo como base experimental estudo(s) de caso numa parte do Caminho dos Diamantes integrado na Estrada Real no Estado de Minas Gerais. Este percurso com cerca de 400 km de extensão, entre as cidades de Ouro Preto e Diamantina, abrange uma área que se destacou na produção mundial de ouro e diamante no século XVIII. O trabalho prioriza as intervenções antrópicas na extração mineral, como parte importante no conhecimento da geologia, ocupação territorial e desenvolvimento regional. Com mais de três séculos de mineração, a Estrada Real constitui um exemplar caso para estudo no âmbito do patrimônio geomineiro. Além do rico patrimônio natural e cultural, seu vasto percurso de mais de 1600 km conta com 177 cidades que surgiram da atividade extrativa mineral ou como entrepostos e rotas de escoamento das históricas lavras de ouro e diamantes para as cidades portuárias de Parati e do Rio de Janeiro. Em todo o território objeto deste estudo se encontram vestígios de explorações que ilustram toda uma evolução havida deste as lavras rudimentares até a moderna indústria consolidada durante o século XX. Um dos casos e a mina de Gongo Soco, situadas nas cercanias do município de Barão de Cocais, próximo à cidade de Santa Bárbara, região que pertenceu à Comarca de Mariana, importante pólo de extração de ouro no passado e de ferro mais recentemente. O projeto em desenvolvimento busca elementos estruturantes destes patrimônios remanescentes, tangível e intangível, e o resgate da memória mineira e sua importância no contexto histórico.
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