Review: Best Practices In Educating Sustainability and Heritage

BEST PRACTICES In Educating Sustainability and Heritage VLADAN DJOKIĆ MARIA PHILOKYPROU ANA NIKEZIĆ EMANUELA SORBO KONSTANTINOS SAKANTAMIS MAR LOREN-MÉNDEZ EDITORIAL BOARD 2021 Enhancing of Heritage Awareness and Sustainability of Built Environment in Architectural and Urban Design Higher Education PARTNERS: The University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture // Serbia Università IUAV di Venezia // Italy The University of Cyprus // Cyprus The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki // Greece The University of Seville // Spain O1 INTELECTUAL OUTPUT Output type: Studies / analysis – Best practice guidelines / report /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// REVIEW IMPRESUM EDITORIAL BOARD: Vladan Djokić, Maria Philokyprou, Ana Nikezić, Emanuela Sorbo, Konstantinos Sakantamis, Mar Loren- Méndez / HERSUS Scientific Coordinators TITLE Review: Best Practices In Educating Sustainability and Heritage PUBLISHER University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture DESIGN LAYOUT Aleksandra Đorđević, Aleksandra Milovanović, Mladen Pešić ISBN-978-86-7924-244-0 2021 CONTRIBUTORS: HERSUS CONSORTIUM MEMBERS UB-FA Vladan Djokić Ana Radivojević Ana Nikezić Jelena Živković Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović Milica Milojević Jelena Ristić Trajković Aleksandra Milovanović Aleksandra Đorđević Mladen Pešić Bojana Zeković Tamara Popović Nevena Lukić I UAV Emanuela Sorbo Enrico Anguillari Sofia Tonello UCY Maria Philokyprou Aimilios Michael Panayiota Pyla Odysseas Kontovourkis Maria Nodaraki Theodora Hadjipetrou Stavroula Thravalou Andreas Savvides AUTH Konstantinos Sakantamis Alkmini Paka Kleoniki Axarli Maria Doussi Angeliki Chatzidimitriou Sofoklis Kotsopoulos USE Mar Loren-Méndez Marta García-Casasola Daniel Pinzón-Ayala Julia Rey Pérez José Peral López María F. Carrascal-Pérez Enrique Larive Roberto F. Alonso-Jiménez María Alvarez de los Corrales EXTERNAL COLLABORATORS: Remorker architects Dejan Miljković, Jovan Mitrović, mr Branko Pavić Mihailo Timotijevic, Miroslava Petrovic- Balubdzic Chryso Herakleus, University of Cyprus Fabrizio Antonelli, The Iuav University of Venice Municipality of Thessaloniki Municipality of Pavlos Melas State Museum of Modern Greek Culture Miguel Hernández and Esther López, PhD architects. AF6 Arquitectura Luis Machuca, PhD architect. Luis Machuca y Asociados Miguel Angel Ramos Puertollano, Quality Surveyor. Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas architectural firm Francisco Reina Fernández-Trujillo, architect Victoria Segura Raya, Architect, Responsible of geo urban data IDE Sevilla, Department of Sustainability and Urban Innovation, Sevilla Town Council 3 REVIEW: Best Practices In Educating Sustainability and Heritage IO1 lead: Maria Philokyprou, UCY HERSUS Project leader: Vladan Djokić, UBFA This result has been produced as a part of O1 INTELECTUAL OUTPUT within HERSUS project within Erasmus + Strategic Partnerships for higher education. The creation of these resources has been co-funded under grant no. 2020-1-RS01-KA203-065407 (funding period 2020-2023; total grant 246.922,00 €). This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. SERBIA-UBFA CYPRUS-UCY ITALY-IUAV GREECE-AUTH SPAIN-USE Built Architectural and Urban projects Indroduction Editors perspective PROJECTS Nebojša Tower, Kalemegdan Fortress Senjski Rudinik Office building BULEVAR 79 DR Plan for The Old Core of Zemun PROJECTS Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara HYBUILD Multifunctional center Alexandrou Demetriou Tower Vernacular dwelling in Kapedes 14 24 32 40 7 8 14 50 80 106 138 13 80 86 92 100 50 58 64 72 106 114 122 130 138 146 154 162 PROJECTS Punta della Dogana H-FARM and H-CAMPUS Ex-Panificio Santa Marta Area Venzone (UD) PROJECTS Area of Hrimatistiriou Square Kleious 24 Building block defined by Adrianou, Vrissakiou, Kladou and Areos streets Historic barracks in the Pavlos Melas metropolitan park PROJECTS Casa Diáñez Cerro de San Miquel El Caminito del Rey Antigua fábrica de Cerámica Content 5 SERBIA-UBFA CYPRUS-UCY ITALY-IUAV GREECE-AUTH SPAIN-USE Pedagogical and Educational Models Influence of National Policies on the Sustainability of Heritage SERBIA-UBFA ITALYIUAV CYPRUS-UCY GREECE-AUTH SPAIN-USE Conclussions COURSES IASA 48061-01/ 48062–01/ 48063–01 МАSА12050-04 Workshop SAS EEZA 1.10. COURSES ARH 511 ARH 517 ARH 550 CON 500 A-C 174 180 186 192 303 304 312 320 324 330 339 174 198 222 248 276 173 222 228 234 240 198 204 210 216 248 256 264 270 276 282 288 296 COURSES B77001 B76005 B76010 SSIBAP COURSES 02EE02 07EB10 LCIC 01ΕΕ01 / 02ΕΕ01 COURSES 2330051 2330038 2330050 2330042 7 In current time, as a society, we face multiple challenges and dualities: enable growth yet prevent disruption of the existing urban structure, give a response to the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, preserve the unique architectural and urban heritage that testifies about our past yet innovate within the architectural and urban design for our present. With the architectural profession's ongoing stratification between architectural theory and praxis, future architects must take both critical and constructive positions regarding future spatial development. A contemporary built environment will have to balance heritage awareness and sustainable approaches while creating new shapes and conditions for new realities. In this complex scenario, a profile of future architects is under question, along with the institutions' structures and programs that are educating them. Bearing this in mind, HERSUS partners strive to reassess these dualities in the educational process, hence enhancing and testing innovative and creative teaching practices in the field of sustainability of the built heritage. The project strives to improve educators' and researchers' competence and motivation to include curricula elements that will have tangible results, preparing architectural students and educators to become real actors of the environmental change. Previously mentioned challenges require vital research and continuous improvement of curricular and extracurricular activities in higher education. To have a successful outcome, they must be transnationally carried out and need to achieve a balance between theory (research and education) and practice (institutional and professional). Both locally and globally alternative practices are developed parallel to institutional architectural education, creating different methodologies and built structures. Within this arena, HERSUS research project is striving to explore new perspectives and challenges regarding the teaching-learning of heritage awareness and sustainability. This publication presents the results of the first four months of the project and is structured in three main parts: • Built Architectural and Urban projects (20 projects, four from each of the five partner organizations) • Pedagogical and Educational Models (20 courses, four from each of the five partner organizations) • Influence of National Policies on the Sustainability of Heritage (one report per each partner organization) The applied approach balanced between different geographies, cultures, and scales provides new insight into the complexity of the definition of heritage in the contemporary context, testifying that heritage transposes from an urban artifact to the urban landscape. It confirms the increasing complexity of thinking about urban and architectural heritage, representing a growing challenge for both researchers and educators to implement such topics in curricula. The prepared publication's quality was contributed by architectural offices and individuals from five different countries, public bodies, and students whose works were used to illustrate the specific course methodologies. Vladan Djokić, HERSUS project leader /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// INTRODUCTION EDITORS PERSPECTIVES THE UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE - FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE //////////////////////////////////////////// The work on IO1 was mainly shaped by the contributors' endeavour to interconnect often opposed notions of theory and practice, academic and professional institutions. When considering sustainability and heritage in the regional context, the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture (UB-FA) continuously tends to enhance and test innovative teaching practices in the field of education. This includes various types of courses from lectures to workshops, from design projects to written thesis and research methodology courses, from compulsory to elective courses, including all study levels: undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral. In the Review, UB-FA (Serbia) will present the courses (1) Green Construction- Lessons of the past, (2) Among Scales: Programming the New Modernity of Belgrade, (3) Design Studio 06U, and (4) Energy Rehabilitation and certification of existing buildings – case study. The course types vary from lectures and theoretical projects to workshops, studio design, and seminars. The courses were selected with the intention to present the competence and motivation of educators and researchers to include curricula elements that will have tangible results and a very environmentally sensitive relationship with built heritage and sustainability concepts. In this context, such an approach aims to spread the importance of built heritage within the new generation of students while considering the entire environment, humans, and society in general, preparing students and educators to become real actors of the environmental change. In regard to case studies of built projects, UB-FA presented projects that reflect the development of new intercultural approaches to heritage and the exceptional strength and will of the architects and urban planners to preserve and enhance architectural and urban heritage qualities on different scales. The selected case studies are (1) Conservation and Reuse of the Nebojsa Tower in the City of Belgrade and Founding of a Museum and a Cultural Centre, (2) Office Building Bulevar 79, (3) Museum of Coal Mining and Centre of Industrial Heritage, and (4) Detailed Regulation Plan for the Old core of Zemun. The case studies are located in urban (2) and historical centres (1,4) in Belgrade or mountain areas in Serbia (3). The current use varies between cultural (1, 3), office (2), and mix-use with central activities (4). Sustainability issues, such as effective re-use and enabled social activity, upgrading energy efficiency, and traditional materials, are involved in the projects. Evaluation of energy efficiency and public competition were used as tools for the implementation of the new uses. The projects were rewarded and nominated on several occasions and were disseminated through exhibitions, presentations, publications, and workshops. In the review of the current state concerned with heritage in national and sectoral policies, UBFA particularly highlighted the lack of (1) representation (regarding lack of guidelines, evaluation, and research methods, recognition of various urban heritage types (industrial, vernacular, modernistic, intangible)), and (2) mechanisms for financing the revitalization and funding in general (a national budget that decreases in time)), identified within Strategy of Sustainable Urban Development of the Republic of Serbia Until 2030. The abovementioned problems were identified as the leading causes for continuous and evident devastation of cultural heritage. Additional issues are perceived in unbalanced and fragmented spatial interventions, often illegal, affecting the loss of unique spatial patterns and relations. UNIVERSITÀ IUAV DI VENEZIA //////////////////////////////////////////// The current analysis of the educational programmes and courses in IUAV highlights how Sustainability and Cultural Heritage are enhanced by architectural and urban master degrees and postgraduate programmes. IUAV programmes and courses offer 9 different and complementary approaches regarding the themes of Sustainability. IUAV offers broad programmes, such as Master Degree Programme in Architecture (thought in Italian), Master Degree Programme in Architecture (thought in English), City and Environment: Planning and Policies and IUAV - Specialisation School in Architectural and Landscape Heritage, postgraduate program, IUAV-SSIBAP The detailed examination of the specific courses highlights how Heritage awareness has been traditionally present in the IUAV approach to the training and design process (research, documentation, values assessment, design strategies, and proposal). IUAV educational offer presents two different kinds of courses, focused on Sustainability and Cultural Heritage: the monodisciplinary courses and the integrated workshops. The monodisciplinary courses aim to give the students the tools to approach architectural problems with the autonomy of judgment improved by the knowledge of the historical and theoretical frame. The integrated workshops offer learning opportunities and work experience under the direct supervision of high-profile professionals and teachers. The master's degree thesis provides a turning point to the students' educational path, where all the main issues related to Heritage and Sustainability could be managed and detailed. Accordingly, IUAV presented courses (1) Integrated Design Lab – Focus 3: Regeneration and Conservation of Historic Buildings and Environments, (2) Studio 2: Sustainable City Project, City, and Environment: Planning and Policies in Italian, (3) Restoration Theories and Techniques, and (4) Elements of applied petrography: Deterioration of stone and lithoid materials. This list expresses the different IUAV approaches on Sustainability, dealing not only with environmental or technological issues but also with social, economic, and cultural aspects. For example, specific design proposals on cultural Heritage express Sustainability in terms of re-use and improvement of a part of a city or a building. The team's four local case studies are adherent to the IUAV approach towards Heritage and Sustainability. The choice aims to underline the idea of Sustainability concerning environmental or technological issues and social, economic, and cultural aspects. All the case studies are in historical contexts and/or areas with high cultural value (Venice, Verona urban area, Venzone, Treviso Sile River natural park). The re-use of ancient buildings to create new social and cultural values is coherent to the European Commission's argument about the recent years' soil thematic strategy. Accordingly, IUAV decided to present (1) Punta della Dogana, Venezia (VE), (2) Ex-bakery of Santa Marta area, Verona (VR), (3) Rebuilding program of Venzone, Venzone (UD), and (4) H-Farm project, Roncade (TV). Having in mind the long tradition of architecture and urban design in Italy and its relation to the regulatory framework, IUAV presented the timeline of the leading national urban, landscape, and environmental legal provisions regarding cultural / built heritage and sustainable development. The report focuses on the period from 1860 to 2020, highlighting the primary laws, establishing key institutions, adopting the main Charters and Decrees that strongly influenced the interlink between heritage and Sustainability. THE UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS //////////////////////////////////////////// The University of Cyprus (UCY) starts from the premise that teaching sustainability issues in the context of heritage architecture courses require a multidisciplinary approach, highlighting the challenge to find a balance between addressing architectural heritage for future societies while covering contemporary socio-economic needs and sustainable requirements. This is the general concept of the postgraduate programs Conservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Sites and Energy Technologies and Sustainable Design at the University of Cyprus. These two programs provide necessary knowledge and expertise in conserving built heritage and building energy performance, respectively. They both address, to a lesser or greater extent, issues of social, economic, environmental, and cultural Year (period) of the project renovation/ restoration 2011 Area of the building (m2) 800m2 Current owner public: City of Belgrade Architects Dejan Miljković. Jovan Mitrović mr Branko Pavić Other designers / engineers Representatives from the Faculty of Architecture - University of Belgrade and Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia Other agents The city of Belgrade, Secretariat for Culture, Republic of Serbia - Ministry of Culture, Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Belgrade, Archaeological Institute, Project for Belgrade Fortress, History Museum of Serbia, Construction Company “KOTO”, Nature Protection of Serbia, Institute for Nature Protection, Institute of Water Management “Jaroslav Černi”, PE “Zelenilo - Belgrade”, Public Water Management Company “Srbijavode”, Secretariat for Traffic, Traffic Institute CIP, PE Electric power industry of Serbia, “PMC Inženjering d.o.o., LOPICIC & LOPICIC architectural office Developer The project was realized with the cofunding of important bodies of the Greek Republic and the Republic of Serbia and it was carried out under the responsibility of the European Centre for Byzantine and Post Byzantine Monuments, and the city of Belgrade. Building contractor Supervision: Public Body “Belgrade Fortress, consultants: Alpha MENTOR Ltd. Cost of the project/execution time 2.694.193,93€ (2007-2011, second phase not completed) Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) Archaeological excavations, restoration, and conservation projects //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes/ Singularities/Specific Values - strategically important position and relation to the historical monument of the Belgrade Fortress - a significant monument and witness of history, both in cultural (multicultural) and archeological manner - authentic built structure and typology Scope of application/necessity of the project: - Conservation-restoration works and construction of new parts in order to provide conditions for accommodation of visitors - Landscape design of the environment - Development of infrastructure for a permanent exhibition in the Tower KEY FEATURES 17 Original use Military HISTORIC USES The Nebojša Tower (Tower) is a part of a wider monumental complex - the Belgrade Fortress - built on the strategically important position on the confluence of European rivers Sava and Danube in Belgrade city which represents a unique museum of Belgrade’s past. The Tower is one of the few better preserved medieval buildings within Belgrade Fortress. It was built in 1456 within the framework of extensive fortifications construction, which was undertaken to rebuild the destroyed and damaged city fortifications. It belongs to the oldest type of early artillery cannon towers which represents a significant architectural and construction achievement of that period on the territory of the city of Belgrade. It was built for the purpose of the city defense and, in a broader sense, was part of the defense system - the wall of Christianity - which successfully stopped Osman empire incursions towards the center of Europe for decades. Centuries later, when it lost its former military significance, it was turned into a dungeon. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Initially built in 1456 (destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout history 1521, 1690, 1717-1739, 1960-1961) SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION Activities on the restoration of the Tower began in June 2009 including: (1) Conservation and restoration activities and construction of new infrastructure in order to provide conditions for accommodation of visitors, (2) landscaping for visitors’ access, (3) development of infrastructure for a permanent exhibition in Tower, and (4) preparation of full information material for the Tower promotion as a new center of cultural tourism in the wider Balkans. ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Anonym PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION Although the Tower was destroyed and reconstructed throughout history, it was in well-preserved physical condition before restoration, with smaller cracks at the exteriror level and severe mechanical damages and material obsolescence at the interior level. The adjoining Riverside rampart and Fortress Water Gate were physically endangered and exposed to flooding and sloughing. //////////////////////////////////////////////// HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE Figure 3. Nebojša Tower before the interventions https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=730518 STATUS OF PROTECTION The Belgrade Fortress has been listed for the first time in 1946 (Decision no. 1108), under the jurisdiction of the Department for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the National Republic of Serbia which was a part of the Art Museum. The next decision has been provided by the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of the City of Belgrade in 1965 (Decision no. 290/4), while the highest level of protection was declared in 1979 when the Belgrade Fortress became cultural monument of outstanding value at the national level (Official Gazette of Republic of Serbia, no. 17/79). GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION/ RESTORATION The previous conservational and archaeological research [1-2] allowed insight into Tower original appearance (25m heigh, a regular eight-angular bases with a diameter of about 8.5 m, wall thickness 2.90 - 3 m). The outer envelope was built of relatively regular carvings of locally available soft limestone. The Tower interior walls were built of broken, hewn stone with brick fragments, while their face was drawn. The Tower foundation is based on a massive compact square slab (14.50x14.50 m, about 2 m thick). The Tower was divided by wooden mezzanine structures including ground floor and four additional floors (or probably originally five). The floor height was 4–4.30 m. The Tower belongs to the oldest type of early artillery high towers. DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The project aimed to include the monumental heritage into contemporary living, which means not only the restoration of the monuments themselves but also the adaptive reuse through introduction of new contents that are appropriate to the significance of the Belgrade Fortress. The initial design goals were [3]: (1) preservation of an abandoned Tower and partially destroyed Tower complex in the historical center of Belgrade, at the Belgrade Fortress, (2) prevention of even more serious damage of this important medieval building, and (3) setting up adequate space for a memorial to the Greek patriot Riga of Fere. The restoration was carried out through three design perspectives: (1) to provide a logical connection of the Tower with //////////////////////////////////////////////// PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 4. Surway drawings Based on Popović, M. (2007). around 1460 1717-1736 year 19 DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS Restoration (spatial rehabilitation) and adaptive reuse (functional reprogramming) of the Tower were carried out according to the previously stated design perspectives both on the urban and architectural level. The explanation of the suggested changes and additions will be presented only about the built phase of the project. Urban level – Restoration and extension of Nebojša Tower towards reconnecting it in an overall urban silhouettes of the Belgrade Fortress. Within the initial stage of the design process, the authors of the project recognized that it is necessary to provide an access plateau and an entrance hall with an information desk for entering into the museum exhibition space in order to provide effectiveness in the future functioning of the Tower. The restoration of the entrance hall was planned for the section of the Riverside rampart immediately next to the Tower. By testing different solutions based primarily on the technical and technological aspects, it was recognized that it is impossible to provide the rampart's stability and enable access to the Tower by partial reconstruction. the immediate environment and give an access plateau in order to attract visitors, (2) to provide technical and technological conditions for the building to be resilient to external influencing factors, and (3) to reuse the Tower and to design extension in the form of a multifunctional hall, envisioned as a new functional benchmark on the city map. The restoration and adaptive reuse of the Tower complex meant primarily securing the physical structure stability protecting it from the external influencing factors, and reprogramming the space into a spatial framework for organizing different cultural programs and projects. According to the initial plan for the project realization, in addition to the restoration and adaptive reuse of the Tower, the formation of the extension of the Tower within Riverside rampart was also planned, in two phases. At the first phase, the design envisioned additional content indispensable for the functioning of the Tower: entrance hall, information point, visitors wardrobe and sanitary block (cca. 150m2). The second phase aw the formation of the Riverside rampart's interior with temporary exhibition space and event hal (cca. 650m2). However, up to date, only the first phase of the Tower extension has been realized. Figure 5. Sections before and after the interventions. https://dejanmiljkovic.rs/sr/ After Before Accordingly, the removal of the entire soil fill between the walls of the rampart was realized. In this way, construction of a continual river channel made of impervious concrete has been realized, which has been contributed to neutralizing the external negative factors, stabilizing the walls of the Riverside rampart, and forming a new space for the purpose of the multifunctional hall. The construction of the multifunctional entrance hall enabled a direct link to the Tower. The general design approach was based on an intention to preserve the authentic appearance of the Tower and rampart in a comprehensive silhouette of Belgrade Fortress. In that sense, the intervention in the form of longitudinal lanterns based on mimicry was implemented on the roof of the multifunctional hall that enabled natural insolation and airing of the interior.Architectural level - Adaptive reuse of Tower as a new city exhibition space The space of the Tower in those spatial contours and capacities that have been inherited throughout history has been functionally converted into an exhibition space. Exhibitions are organized on four levels with several themes: History of Tower, Riga of Fere Memorial, First Serbian Uprising, and Serbia and Greece as newly liberated European countries. In the architectural programming of the exhibition concept, the authors proposed the construction of four platforms connected by a staircase. Design of space and construction solution treated the space of the Tower as a monument of extraordinary cultural and historical importance and in accordance with the conditions of conservation. BUILDING MATERIALS The general idea was to use concrete and glass, as materials whose neutrality will least endanger the authentic elements of the Tower and Riverside rampart both in color and in texture. A concrete-steel structure was built inside the Riverside rampart and a concrete slab was poured below the floor level inside the Tower. The levels of the floors on the steel structure were reinstalled in the Tower, and a new staircase was designed. Underfloor heating has been installed on the ground floor of the building, enabling the use of the building throughout the year. A steel ship door was installed at the building entrance in a new concrete structure, which should provide its complete protection in case of large flood waters. Figure 6. Plan Tower complex with entrance zone, multifunctional hall and exhibition space in Tower. https://dejanmiljkovic.rs/sr/ Figure 7. Interior of the Enterence Hall and Exhibition Tower. Authors of the case study 21 Figure 8. Interior of the Enterence Hall and Exhibition Tower. Authors of the case study and glass have enabled the optimization of environmental impacts of building materials, but also contributed to the positive aspects when it comes to the energy efficiency of building in terms of insulation, insolation, and ventilation of building. One of the project's leading challenges is its resilience in relation to possible flooding, which was achieved by building a specific system of funding and a specific solution of the entrance zone. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Institutional aspect - the cooperation of professionals in different domains (architectural design, structural engineering, archaeology, restoration, protection of monuments and history) is positively evaluated as well as the cooperation of public and private sector, which contributed to the integral perception of problems and potentials in the design process and realization of the final design. Technical-technological aspect - intensive conservation-restoration activities have enabled maximum preservation of the existing condition, as well as the implementation of authentic materials and their combination with modern materials that contribute to the energy efficiency of the building. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) N/A TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE N/A PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: It is particularly important to single out the program aspect of the solution to reuse space in its original capacities and spatial frameworks and its conversion into a public function, which enriches the cultural offer at the city level without the construction of new facilities. Economic aspect: It is worth mentioning that the project was financed from various funds from different countries. However, the various sociopolitical contextual factors affected the realization of the second phase. Environmental aspect: The use of in-situ materials such as stone and brick and its coherent combination with contemporary materials such as concrete DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Nominations: 2013 Nomination for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture – Mies van der Rohe Award, authors Miljković, D., Mitrović, J., Pavić, B. Awards: 2012. Grand Prix for the constructed building (Kula Nebojša at the Belgrade Fortress, Belgrade) at the XXXIV Salon of Architecture in Belgrade, authors Miljković, D., Mitrović, J., Pavić, B. 2011. Award of the Society of Belgrade Architects for the Architectural Event of the Year (Nebojsa Tower at the Belgrade Fortress, Belgrade) authors Miljković, D., Mitrović, J., Pavić, B. REFERENCES [1] Popović, M. (2007). Kula Nebojša da delom priobalnog bedema i vodenom kapijom II. Nasleđe 8: 9-28. [2] Marijanović Vujović, G. (1970). Pristaništa Beogradskog grada. Saopštenja Zavoda za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda 11: 22–25. [3] Lučić Todosić, I. (2020). Proizvodnja zajedničkog kulturnog nasleđa: Kula Nebojša. Beograd - novi simboli u srednjovekovnoj kuli. Anthropology Magazine 20 (1): 299-318. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS N/A Figure 9. Guest lectures in organization of UB-FA Authors of the case study 23 OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE Gianluca Gelmini’s Attentive Restoration of the Medieval Torre Del Borgo Via Vittorio Villa, 24040 Canonica d’Adda BG, Italy Completed in 2015 REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES A parallel can be made in the approach to allocate public funds to restore and reuse the desolated medieval building and to engage native architects for the renovation and extension. Additionally, regarding materialization, both architects decided no to compete with the original structure, but to implement necessary conservation works on stability carefully, upgrade infrastructure and use contemporary materials as a method for preserving the structural and visual integrity of the original buildings and walls. Last, but not least, both projects introduce new uses (museum and cultural centre, and public library) with rich public space, hence, providing visitors a unique experience of the historical times and events. For more information visit https://projects.archiexpo.com/project-27637.html project SERBIA Milica Milojević Mladen Pešić 02 25 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Information about the location Mountain Address Senjski rudnik bb, 35234 Senjski rudnik Country/Region Serbia / Despotovac Municipality Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89/Google Maps: WGS84) Long= 21.57081287 ° Lat= 43.99437657 ° City size 18.76 km² Website http://muzejugljarstva.rs/ Accessibility Public site Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Reuse (Adaptive) Restoration / Reconstruction Urban Project Urban revitalization Environmental planning Cultural planning Deliberative and participatory planning Yes Senjski Rudnik - Town of Miners Regional Centre of Industrial Heritage - Museum of Coal Mining Figure 2. Senjski rudnik, under construction source Aleksandra Đorđević IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 1. Location map Authors of the case study report project SERBIA Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović Nevena Lukić 03 33 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Information about the location Urban centre Address Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 79, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia Country/Region Serbia/Belgrade Metropolitan Region Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89/Google Maps: WGS84) Long= 20.48135360 ° Lat= 44.80316170 ° City size National capital population over 1.600.000 Website https://www.remorker.rs/bulevar79 Accessibility Public building Public visits No Category Architectural project Restoration / Reconstruction Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use Office building Office building BULEVAR 79 Office building BULEVAR 79 Figure 2: The office building source Aleksandra Đorđević IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 1: Location map Authors of the case study report Year (period) of the project renovation/ restoration 2018 Area of the building (m2) 3600 m2 Current owner private: Marera Properties d.o.o. Architects Remorker architects Other designers/engineers ARMONT SP d.o.o. (Facade construction) Other agents N/A Developer Marera Properties d.o.o Building contractor Multiple building contractors . Cost of the project/execution time N/A Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) No previous studies have been done //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes/ Singularities/Specific Values - N/A Scope of application/necessity of the project: Trudbenik office building is a building positioned in a wider city canter in one of the busiest streets in the city of Belgrade. The building has been outdated with a depleted facade and interior of the building. New investors recognised the potential to renovate this building and create a new landmark in that part of the town. KEY FEATURES 35 Original use Commercial HISTORIC USES The office building of “Trudbenik” (one of the major building companies in former Yugoslavia) CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 1964 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION No previous restoration has been done ARCHITECTS / AGENTS I. Bezetyky, A. Stojanović PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION The building has been outdated with a depleted facade and interior of the building. STATUS OF PROTECTION The building is not under protection. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The building is formed of two connected parts: The main building (Gf + 7 floors) facing the street and the annex (Gf + 1) in the back. The higher part has a flat roof, while the lower part has a sloping roof. The walls are made of solid brick and the building has a glass facade. Interior of the building - the ground floor has an open plan concept, while on the upper floors there is a central corridor with offices on both sides. Vertical communications are separated and located in the corner of the building. //////////////////////////////////////////////// HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE Figure 4. The original layout of the building before restoration - section source Remorker architects Figure 3. The original building facade - before restoration source Remorker architects DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The existing facility has good integration into the environment, and it is a welldesigned facility. The main restoration idea was to improve the building by respecting the environment. The authors decided to keep the original construction, and renovate the building's facade and interior. The main entrance on the ground floor has been completely changed, opened and emphasized. The entire existing facade was removed, as well as the parapets and windows from the ground floor. The ground floor facade has been replaced with a curtain wall facade that gives the illusion that the object is floating. The upper floors' facade is a double skin facade - tripleglazed windows in one layer and a shading aluminum structure in the other layer. On some of the glazed parts, the second layer of the facade is perforated. The new facade has provided both solar shading and additional sun protection as well as interesting shadows in the interior of the building. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS The building kept the same form and function. The main intervention was the reorganization of the main entrance and lobby orientation towards the main street instead of the side and the car access to the inner courtyard. The ground floor has been opened - new floor-to-ceiling openings have been introduced on the facade to give more light throughout the ground floor and the lobby. Also partition walls have been replaced with glass partitions to give an open plan feel and provide natural lighting to the corridors. Top floors remained in the same layout - central corridor with offices on both sides. Interior walls have been replaced with glass partitions giving the illusion of the open space. //////////////////////////////////////////////// PROJECT DESCRIPTION Figure 6. The new layout of the building after restoration - section source Remorker architects Figure 5. The building facade - after the restoration source Remorker architects 37 BUILDING MATERIALS The original facade was a curtain wall facade that has been replaced with 800m2 of double skin facade system - triple-glazed curtain wall system with 3mm aluminium panels some of them perforated, and 150m2 of ventilated facade with fiber-cement cladding. Floors of the main entrance lobby and corridor were of natural stone but in poor condition and with major damages, so the existing floor has been removed and granite ceramics were installed. In the office space, the parquet was also in poor condition, so it was replaced with high fire resistance carpets that also act as a good sound absorber. The original walls were plastered with MDF coatings on some parts and all have been removed and replaced with glass partitions. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: Added value to the local cityscape, new design features. Economic aspect: N/A Environmental aspect: Renovation aiming to preserve the most of the existing structure instead o the demolition of a damaged and depleted building; improved energy efficiency (EPC rating B, while code demand is C); improved soundproofing and indoor acoustics; providing indoor environmental comfort parameters above standard practice and national standards. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN - Use of high efficient triple-glazed curtain wall system and use of insulation layers in the reconstruction of the facade and roofs in order to improve the energy efficiency of the building, according to building regulations in RS Figure 8. The building facade - after the restoration source Aleksandra Đorđević Figure 7. The building facade - after the restoration source Aleksandra Đorđević - Including passive environmental strategies such as ventilated facade and roof systems, solar shading, etc. - Materials used in both interior (tripleglazed facade) and interior (carpets) provide additional sound absorption - Usage of the glass partitions provides more light in the interior DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) No digital data has been collected. The evaluation of energy efficiency measurements applied has been done by the certified engineer according to national regulations, and it demonstrated that the renovated building is EPC class B regarding its energy demands. DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Awards: - Award of the City of Belgrade in 2018 - The project was exhibited at the 41st Salon of architecture in Belgrade in 2019 - The project has been presented in multiple articles and lectures Figure 9. The office building after restoration source Aleksandra Đorđević Table 1. Energy efficiency ratting Figure 10. The office building after restoration source Remorker architects TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE 39 REFERENCES N/A ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS N/A OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE - office building - RESAVSKA 31 - Remorker architects For more information about the project visit https://www.remorker.rs/resavska31 -office building - MAKEDONSKA 44 - Remorker architects For more information about the project visit https://www.remorker.rs/makedonska44 REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A project SERBIA Jelena Živković Tamara Popović 04 41 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations The spatial cultural and historic ensemble of great value Information about the location Historic centre Urban centre Address The urban municipality of Zemun City of Belgrade Country/Region Serbia Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89/Google Maps: WGS84) 44°50’42.7”N 20°24’46.8”E City size Urban area 99,42 km² / Zemun is an urban municipality of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia Website http://zemun.rs/ Accessibility Public Public visits Yes Category Urban project Urban planning Deliberative and participatory planning No The Old Core of Zemun Detailed regulation plan for the Old core of Zemun (OCZ DR Plan) Figure 2. a) Borders of the Detailed Regulation Plan for the Old Core of Zemun (source: authors), b) Implementation of OCZ DR Plan – public projects and areas of intervention during 2004-2020. source: Authors of the case study Figure 1. Location of the Old Core of Zemun source: authors of the case study, Snazzy maps IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 3. Panoramic view of Zemun from Gardoš fortress source: Authors of the case study tiles, bricks) and traditional techniques were implemented in their delivery. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) N/A TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE “The OCZ DR PLAN methodology proposed a public competition for the improvement of public spaces and facilities in Zemun as a tool and basis for developing the Plan. This tool aimed to check the offered solutions in the phase of preparing the spatial-program concept of the Plan, and to collect new ideas on possible ways of arranging space.” Information: OCZ DR PLAN (arch. number 350–3457/96/03) DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Awards: 2003. I award in the Category of Regulation Plans on the XII International urban planners exhibition in Niš Nominations: 2003. The Plan was nominated for the City of Belgrade Award for 2003 in the field of architecture and urbanism Publications: 2010. Grozdanić, M. Prikaz metodologije planiranja u zaštićenim kulturno-istorijskim područjima na primeru starog jezgra Zemuna. Nasleđe, (11), 149-181. Exhibition: 2003. Exhibition of the public anonymous survey-program competition for the concept of arranging public spaces and buildings of the Old Town of Zemun, accompanied by the Catalog from the exhibition of competition works. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The Plan set out that the existing social setting is to be retained under upgraded ecological and adapted functional conditions. Through implementation projects, the whole area became better integrated, pedestrian-friendly, and presented as a valuable urban heritage: pedestrian zone has been formed; public squares were interlinked; the Big square converted from market to social gathering and festivity place; widening of the riverbank enabled more social activity; protected buildings were restored and reconstructed; street pavements and facades have been upgraded. Economic aspect: Renewal and reconstruction were conceived in OCZ DR as a process unfolding in a way and at a pace permitted by the financial, cultural and, above all, organizational capacities of the community. Environmental aspect: Public spaces were re-connected between themselves, and with the Danube river; better ventilated by removal of unplanned structures, and upgraded by the greening of streets. Flooding problems were solved with new riverbank formation. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OCZ DR Plan’s methodological approach to sustainable urban development is based on the concept of urban renewal, conceived as “an adaptation of spaces and structures to the changed social, cultural and economic setting, without substantially altering their physical properties, with the purpose of preserving the tradition, identity and visual integrity of the historic whole”. A sustainable approach to design is also reflected in OCZ DR Plan implementation projects since for paving street floor surfaces (sidewalks, squares, staircase) traditional materials were used (granite cubes, clinker 49 ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS Milica Grozdanić – Kontekstualni uslovi i uticaji na Staro jezgro Zemuna sa posebnim osvrtom na nasleđenu i buduću izgradnju. Magistarski rad, Arhitektonski faultet Univeziteta u Beogradu. (unpublished MSc thesis, UBFA) Elective course “Urban recreation” (2009/10) topic Belgrades’ waterfronts OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE The Revitalization of Vilnius Old Town, 1995 – 2005, Lithuania Potsdam downtown revitalization project, Germany REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES The first similarity of all three examples is reflected at the level of the existing physical structure. They are spatial historic wholes of great significance that combine various natural and human-made structures of different dates and values and are. In this regard, another similarity is in the approach to their modernization through the process of urban renewal as a methodological approach for space enhancement and the promotion of an exquisite ambience. In all three cases, it was understood and implemented as the adaptation of spaces and structures to the changed social, cultural, and economic setting without substantially altering their physical properties, all in order to preserve the tradition, identity, and visual integrity. Workshops: The survey “To build and work according to you” of the Municipality of Zemun, based on which the citizens chose the arrangement of streets in the Old core of Zemun as a priority action. REFERENCES Grozdanić, M. sa saradnicima, Plan detaljne regulacije Starog jezgra Zemuna (arh. broj 350–3457/96/03), Beograd,nJUP „Urbanistički zavod Beograda“, 2003. Grozdanić, M. [2010]. Prikaz metodologije planiranja u zaštićenim kulturno-istorijskim područjima na primeru starog jezgra Zemuna. Nasleđe, (11), 149-181. Dabižić, A. M. [2005]. Prilog proučavanju trgova u Starom jezgru Zemuna. Nasleđe, (6), 183-192. Dabižić, A. M. [2002]. Stanje zaštite prostorne kulturno - istorijske celine Staro jezgro Zemuna i metodi urbane obnove prostornih celina. Nasleđe, (4), 161 -170. Dabižić, A. M. [1997]. Staro jezgro Zemuna - blok između ulica Glavne, Gospodske, Trga pobede i Preradovićeve u prostornoj kulturnoistorijskoj celini. Nasleđe, (1), 39-60. Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Prostorne kulturno istorijske celine, Staro jezgro Zemuna, (Rešenje Zavoda br. 949/2 od 1.11.1966); Kulturno dobro od velikog značaja, (Odluka, „Sl. glasnik SRS“ br. 14/79), https://beogradskonasledje.rs/kd/ zavod/zemun/staro-jezgro-zemuna.html). Škalamera, Ž. [1967]. Staro jezgro Zemuna, knjiga II, Arhitektonsko nasleđe, Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Beograd. Škalamera, Ž. [1966]. Staro jezgro Zemuna, knjiga I, Istorijski razvoj, Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Beograd. project ITALY Emanuela Sorbo Sofia Tonello 01 51 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Contemporary Art Museum and Private Foundation Information about the location Historic centre Coastal Address Dorsoduro, 2, 30123 Venezia VE Country / Region Italy Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 45.432012038799826, 12.335707615341548 City size Urban area 414,6 km² / Venice is the regional capital of Veneto, North-east of Italy Website https://www.palazzograssi.it/en/ about/sites/punta-della-dogana/ Accessibility Private with public Access Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Reuse (Adaptive) Restoration / Reconstruction Preservation Installations & Structures Cultural planning Punta della Dogana Punta della Dogana - François Pinault Foundation Figure 2. View from Bacino San Marco source: Photo by the author IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 1. Location map Orthophoto extract from Map 2012-2018 by Apple Inc Deliberative and participatory planning Yes The building of “Punta della Dogana” had been empty for decades before François Pinault’s cultural project started. Some investors had expressed their interest in the building to convert it into a hotel or an apartment building. However, it was not an acceptable reuse for the people. Current use Contemporary Art Museum - François Pinault Foundation in Punta della Dogana Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2007: project 2008-09: building Area of the building (m2) space exhibition area: 3750 m2 Current owner public: State Property – grant to François Pinault Foundation Architects Tadao Ando (chief architect) with Kazuya Okano and Antoine Muller Moriya; Equilibri srl. Eugenio Tranquilli (general coordinator); Verdiana Durand de la Penne (project contact); Nicol Vistosi (project assistant) Other designers / engineers A. Lagrecacolonna (construction management and system design) with S. Rigato. R. Garavello, G. Bianchin; Tecnobrevetti, G. Cocco (structural design and construction supervision); L. Cocco (executive project and construction supervision) with N. Bernardi,A. Sìmioni, A. Anseimi, M. Frighi, A. Guida, M. Maschio; Ferrara, Palladino srl, P. Palladino e C. Ferrara (lighting design) with P. Spotti Other agents Marc Desportes; Raimondo Ferrara; Venezia Ingegneria, F. Frezza (technical consultant and tester); C. Fulin (safety coordinator) with S. Semenzato and M. Chinellato; F. Merizzi (functional project) and F. De Marchi; G. Orsoni and M.G. Romeo (legal consultant); A. Mazzuccato (geological consultant) Fiel srl (electrical systems); Fiorin srl (mechanical systems); Sat Survey srl (geometric and topographic surveys); //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values The Punta della Dogana restoration project involved urban and landscape aspect. The historical building is located in “Bacino di San Marco” and is part of Venice's culture and economic network. Scope of application / necessity of the project: The architectural and restoration project consisted in a 4-steps path:: 1) the assumption of control of Palazzo Grassi by François Pinault, favored in 2005 by the mayor of Venice at the time, Paolo Costa, and by the Director of the Venetian Civic Museums, Giandomenico Romanelli. 2) the agreement between the Venetian Municipal Administration and the State Property granted new uses to the warehouses of “Punta della Dogana” that had long been abandoned. 3) the partnership agreement between the mayor, at the time Massimo Cacciari, and François Pinault was signed in 2007. It aimed to create an Art Center where was once the “Dogana da Mar”; 4) in 2009 the restoration work ended. KEY FEATURES 53 Geotecnica Veneta srl (geognostic surveys); G. Driussi (non-destructive surveys); Ismes Cesi spa (monitoring); M. Bortoletto (archaeological consultant); A. De Spirt (restoration consultant). Developer Palazzo Grassi - Pinault Collection Building contractor Dottor Group spa Cost of the project / execution time 2007-2009 Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historic, structural, materials, etc.) All studies and analysis were mainly done between 2007-2009 The “Università di Architettura Venezia: Istituto di Rilievo e Restauro” (University of Architecture Venice: Survey and Restoration Institute) did in 1975 the survey of the ground floor, from the tip of the “Dogana da Mar” to the Rialto Island. Original use Civil Industrial Commercial HISTORIC USES Warehouse CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Early 15th century SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION - Early 15th century: “Magazzini del Sale” was built (Sea Customs House); - 1450s: construction of Dogana da Mar; - 1677: refurbishment of "Punta della Dogana"; - 18th-19th century: additions and renovations "Magazzini del Sale" for new industrial uses; - 2007-2009: the opening of the restoration and exhibition areas "Punta della Dogana" (Pinault Collection) ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Arch. Giovanni Alvise Pigazzi PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION Before the restoration project, the historic building was in bad conservation state. The external stone surfaces showed a poor state of conservation attributable to the abandonment and materials aging. Concerning the static issue, the ancient building before the restoration was characterized by the presence of differential subsidence of the foundations and the truss and roof system's materials were damaged. STATUS OF PROTECTION Historic Architecture of Declared Cultural Interest GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The complex was built on a triangularshaped island in the Dorsoduro insula. The interior space consisted of 8 «Tesoni» (warehouse) arranged on two floors. The tower was crowned by “The Palla de Oro” (The Gold ball) on the top of the insula. //////////////////////////////////////////////// HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The building’s architecture has been restored. The surface imperfections and stucco had been repaired, and the damaged parts of the facade had been reinforced with stainless steel brackets. The interior masonry was repaired using ‘cuci-scuci’ techniques and treated on a bare surface. The architectural additions were enhanced using concrete, typical for Tadao Ando’s work. The concrete walls disguised the technological equipment necessary for a modern exhibition space. They changed the building’s circulation, focusing on the large square room in the centre of the building. The truss system was restored, and a similar one replaced the roof with new skylights. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS The restoration design by architect Tadao Ando included different types of intervention: - high water protection; - structural consolidation and restoration of masonry works; - new technological and electrical systems; - new architectural concrete elements; - flooring consolidation and reconstruction; //////////////////////////////////////////////// PROJECT DESCRIPTION - new external opening frames; - consolidation and addition on the roofing system. BUILDING MATERIALS Along with other industrial buildings in Venice, “Punta della Dogana” is an example, of using common construction techniques and traditional materials. These materials and techniques are the brickwork for foundations and masonries, Istrian stone with iron for punctual resistant elements in the façade or the floorings, and wood for floors and roofs built as light as possible. The restoration project maintained and enhanced the Venetian construction techniques in an idea of sustainability of materials and cultural transmission. The architectural and restoration design added new materials and modern building techniques to ensure the museum system's smooth operations. Figures 3 and 4. Tesa 1: The new architecture addiction by Tadao Ando from the entrance and controcampo. Source: Photo by the author Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8. The new architectural addiction by Tadao Ando, stairs and concrete walls. Credit: Photos by Francesco Bianchi 55 PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The "Punta della Dogana" project was designed according to a participative process. The Venetian community played an essential role in identifying the most suitable proposal for the city and place. The building's position in a relevant part of the city, such as the "Bacino di San Marco", asked for adaptive reuses aimed to create new cultural values to the local cityscape. Economic aspect: François Pinault Foundation's cultural project began in 2005 with the restoration and museum design of Palazzo Grassi. The owner's main purpose (Municipality of Venice) and François Pinault Foundation was to create a new cultural and economic pole in Venice. Environmental aspect: Tadao Ando and his team have sought to give the old building a new life that meets the values of sustainability, gentle mobility, and the relationship with the city. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The special techniques used in the project aimed to protect the historic building from humidity and high tides. The protection of the site against rising groundwater, a phenomenon concomitant with the sea level rise, was also part of the “aqua Alta” system’s design. The mezzanines' restoration required the implementation of the floor’s strength by using compatible materials as a technique of double-crossed wood boards. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) No data Figure 12. Exterior: surface imperfections and stuccos repaired. Source: Photo by the author Figure 11. Restoration of the wooden trusses and evidence of cuci-scuci techniques. Credit: Photos by Francesco Bianchi Figure 10. Interior: evidence of cuci-scuci techniques Source: Photo by the author Figure 9. Exterior: evidence of cuci-scuci techniques Source: Photo by the author TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE The project for "Punta della Dogana" used different technologies for the implementation of the new use adaptive reuse, such as: - the work of waterproofing and water containment tank to prevent high water from coming into the building; - the use of micropile to consolidate the foundation system; - the scuci-cuci technique to reinforce the damaged masonry; - the new wooden additions and iron elements to implement the strengthening of the 130 wooden trusses; - the architectural additions were planned to contain and improve technological facilities. DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) - Promotion activities: - “Punta della Dogana”and François Pinault Foundation have a regular calendar of cultural activities (exhibition, workshops, conferences, and courses). https://www. palazzograssi.it/en/events/ archive/ - 2015-ongoing : The “Gallerie dell’Accademia”, the “Galleria di Palazzo Cini”, the “Peggy Guggenheim Collection”, and “Palazzo Grassi – “Punta della Dogana”District” are connected in the “Dorsoduro Museum Mile” project. https://www.palazzograssi.it/ en/ visit/tickets-and-hours/dorsoduro-museum- mile/ Prizes: - 2012 – Equal Gold Medal at “Premio Domus Restauro e Conservazione – Fassa Bortolo” https://www.premiorestauro.it/en/ opererealizzate REFERENCES - R. Codello, Contemporary Architecture in Venice, Marsilio, Venice, pp. 60-65, 2014 - P. Jodidio, Ando, Complete works 1975-2012, Taschen Koln, pp. 548-557, 2012 Figure 14. The Tadao Ando concrete box in the center of the project. Credit: Photo by Francesco Bianchi. Figure 13. The Tadao Ando concrete box in the center of the project. Credit: Photo by Francesco Bianchi 57 - D. Longhi, Novecento. Architetture e Città del Veneto. (20th Century. Veneto Architectures and Cities), Il Poligrafo, Padua, p. 309, 2012 - D. Longhi, Novecento. Architetture e Città del Veneto. (20th Century. Veneto Architectures and Cities), Il Poligrafo, Padua, p. 309, 2012 - C. Colombo, Tadao Ando, Hachette Milan, pp.48-51, 2011 - P. Jodidio, Tadao Ando, Venice: the Pinault Collection at the Palazzo Grassi and the Punta della Dogana, Skira Rizzoli, New York, pp. 10- 39, 2010 - J. Gonchar, Punta della Dogana, in "Architectural record" n. 897, pp. 86-90, 2010 - G. Romanelli, Dogana da Mar: la Punta dell'arte (Dogana da Mar: Art point), Electa Milan, 2010 - F. Dal Co, Tadao Ando, volume 2, 1995-2010, Electa, Milan, pp. 530-543, 2010 - L. Molinari, Tadao Ando. Museum, Skira, Milan, pp. 148-151, 2009 Tadao Ando, Punta della Dogana, Venice (Italy), in "AV Monografias" n. 139, pp. 56-63, 2009 - Punta della Dogana, François Pinault Foundation, in "Beaux Arts Magazine", Paris, 2009 - F. Dal Co, Tadao Ando for François Pinault: from Ile Séguin a Punta to Dogana, Electa, Milan, 2009 - F. Dal Co, Tadao Ando e l'eredità del tempo (Tadao Ando and the time heritage), in "Casabella" n. 778, pp. 16-35, 2009 - T. Ando, Aura-Tadao Ando Architect & Associates, in "Lotus International" n. 134, pp. 32-47, 2008 for a better understanding of the project: for a better understanding of the project: http://architetturecontemporanee.beniculturali.it/architetture/architettura_dettaglio_per. php?idArchitettura=%2029904 ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS The project of restoration of “Punta della Dogana”is an architectural reference for IUAV students. Specifically, this project by Tadao Ando and the building itself was critical analysed within the courses of "Restoration Theory and History" (2019/2020), "Integrated Design Lab – Focus 3: Regeneration and Conservation of Historic Buildings and Environments" (2020/2021)," Restoration Studio" (2019/2020), and "Restoration theories and techniques" (2019/2021 - 2020/2021) led by Professor Emanuela Sorbo. OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE N/A REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A project ITALY Emanuela Sorbo Sofia Tonello 03 65 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Santa Marta University Center Information about the location Urban centre Address Via Cantarane, 24, 37129 Verona VR Country / Region Italy Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 45.43986993807477, 11.012683415112326 City size Urban area 206,6 km² / Verona is an urban municipality of Veneto, North-east of Italy Website https://www.univr.it/main?ent=biblio&id=247 Accessibility Public building with public Access Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Reuse (Adaptive) Restoration / Reconstruction Preservation Urban revitalization Installations & Structures Cultural planning Ex-Panificio Santa Marta Area Restoration of the military bakery of Santa Marta at the university in Verona IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 3. Location map Orthophoto extract from Map 2012-2018 by Apple Inc Figure 2. The former military Bakery of Santa Marta University Center. 2021 Credit: Photo by the author. Figure 1. Intervention location of the former military Bakery of Santa Marta - Università di Verona Source: http://www.carmassiarchitecture.com Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use University center Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2006-2014 Area of the building (m2) 25.000 m2 Current owner public: State Property – grant to Università degli Studi di Verona Architects IUAV STUDI E PROGETTI - [ISP] composed by: scientific coordinator: Marino Folin, architectural project: Massimo Carmassi with Gabriella Ioli Carmassi; consolidation project: Paolo Faccio with Paola Scaramuzza and Alvise Miozzo structural design: Roberto Di Marco with Gianluca Mannucci plant design: Mauro Strada with Andrea Crivellaro, Marco Gradizzi, Marco Dianin, Marco Donnola, Dario Turolla Other designers / engineers contract managers: Marco Scanferlin (architectural project, engineering and fire protection plan); Stefano Giorgetti (conservation and structural consolidation project); with Massimo Marchetti (responsability of general documents); Enrica Coppo and Sara Di Resta (investigations on decay and project conservation); Cristina De Nardi (investigations on the instability and consolidation project); Guido Ometto and Matteo Disar (structural drawings); Giuliana Fassari (engineering plant); Silvia Fontana (metric calculation); Luca Borsa and Jacopo Gaspari (modeling three-dimensional); Barbara Rossi (calculations); Marjan Sokota, Giulia Sartore, Valentina Apollonio; coordination for safety in the design phase: Domenico Ferro Milone; //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values The project team aimed to design a new architecture in close relationship with the existing structures. The project team developed different solutions to preserve the building from degradation and "musealization", such as recovering original materials, preserving the original spaces' cultural values, and approaching new adaptive reuses with a respectful purpose. Scope of application / necessity of the project: The necessity of a strategy of reuse and conservation project of the two Austrian military artefacts of the “Santa Marta” compendium in Verona started from the need for transformation of the former military buildings in a strategic opportunity for historical, architectural, and urban enhancement for Verona City. The design of new spaces for the Università di Verona Faculty of Economics in a culturalhistorical building was the architectural project's goal by IUAV STUDIO E PROGETTI. The former military complex's adaptation to a modern university structure, as professor Alberto Farlenga stated, guaranteed to enhance the historical building and was the opportunity to return a part of Verona City to the citizens. KEY FEATURES 67 geothermal plant consultant: FadiS- alvatore Onza. Other agents foundation work investigations and design: Alberto Mazzucato, with Massimiliano Maron geometric survey: IUAV - CIRCE photogrammetry laboratory (Francesco Guerra, with Caterina Balletti (coord.), Giovanni Auditore, Luciano Comacchio, Silvia Dandria, Francesco Gerbaudi, Marco Gnesutta, Silvia Mander, Marco Mason, Fausto Randazzo, Cecilia Stevanin environmental study: Giovanni Campeoi with Sandra Carello technical director: Mario Spinelli technical coordination: Maria Rosaria Pastor Developer Università degli Studi di Verona Building contractor Construction Cooperative S.c., Modena (main company); Gelmini Cav. Nello Spa, San Martino Buon Albergo, Verona (mechanical systems); ITI Impresa Generale Spa, Modena (electrical systems); Cooperativa Archeologia S.c., Florence (restoration); Resin Proget Srl, Rovigo (structural consolidation); CO. FER Srl, Verona (metal structures); Siro Marin Costruzioni Metalliche, Correzzola, Padua (metal frames and structures); MOGS Srl, Treviso (FerroFinestra profiles for fixtures); Virgo Srl, Lippo, Bologna (stained glass). Cost of the project / execution time N/A Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) 2001-2012: research by the group IUAV STUDI E PROGETTI HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use Military Industrial HISTORIC USES The silos and the bakery belong to an ensemble built shortly after the mid-nineteenth century by the Austro-Hungarian army near Verona's urban center. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 1863 – 1865 Figure 4 and 5. Northen façade, before the intervention. Nothen wing slab demolition. 2011-2012 Credit: Prof.ssa Emanuela Sorbo SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION 1863: the original project (two silos and a bakery) was drawn up by Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Ritter Tunkler von Treuimfeld (collaborator Anton Naredi- Reiner and Ferdinand Artmann). 1865-1989: The area was military complex and used as a warehouse for food, storage, milling of grain, packaging, and baking of bread and cakes (the bakery activities stopped in 1945). 1989: The entire area from the military property passed to the Municipality of Verona. 2014: the Municipality of Verona granted the area to Università di Verona, Faculty of Economics. ARCHITECTS / AGENTS 1863-1865: Lieutenant Colonel Andreas Ritter Tunkler von Treuimfeld (collaborator Anton Naredi-Reiner and Ferdinand Artmann) 2001-2014: group IUAV STUDI E PROGETTI PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION The building suffered random creation of no compatible additions inside and outside the courtyards when it was a general warehouse. On the inside: - the damage of some floors for excessive loads; - the addition of numerous partition walls; - the reconstruction of the original wooden structure of the roof (east wing) after the damage suffered by the building in the last war; - the layers of whitewashing hide the original internal plaster. On the outside: - Incompatible additions filled the courtyards; - the external plasters were mostly incomplete due to decay. STATUS OF PROTECTION Historical Architecture of Declared Cultural Interest GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The former Bakery is composed of the main body with a central courtyard flanked by two transversal wings. Two C-shaped bodies define two courtyards. The internal spatial structure is made up of square cells measuring 5 x 5 meters, covered by rib vaults. Barrel vaults with lateral lunettes the sleeves cover of the ovens. The attic is characterized by the complex mesh of the wooden roof structure, with large trusses and rafters protected by bricks in “terracotta” and tiles Figure 6 and 7. Basement, diamond blade enlargement of the opening, 2011-2012, before the intervention. Credit: Prof.ssa Emanuela Sorbo Figure 8. Attic trusses system before the intervention. 2011-2012. Credit: Prof.ssa Emanuela Sorbo 69 PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The introduction of new architectural elements expressed the necessary new adaptive reuses. The design thought is based on the acknowledgement of the values of the ancient building and the idea of constant adaptation to contemporary uses. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS The need to introduce new uses for collective activities (such as classrooms for teaching, laboratories, library, etc.) modified the former Bakery building system. The general unitary and coherent changes in the environments were the design aims. The opening systems in the basement and attic were inappropriate for the new uses, and then new wider openings were proposed to solve the lighting and ventilation problems. The distribution system changed, according to the new uses. New stairs, a new circulation system, and elevators were inserted in courts or other parts of the building. The new design for the former Silos attempted to enhance the unitary perception of space. BUILDING MATERIALS The “Ex-Panificio Santa Marta” complex was built by the Austro-Hungarian army. The materials and construction techniques belong to the military tradition and are aimed for inexpensive and long-lasting buildings. The materials used were local, as the Adige’s stones and brick masonry, and cheap, such as the iron tie rods instead of wooden ones in the truss system. During the years (the buildings were used until the 1960s), partition elements, demolition, and changes passed. The purpose of the design is to preserve the idea of the layering of history, including the present. It has preserved traces and used new distinctive materials in architectural addictions (brushed steel and glass). Moreover, all structures have been enhanced by innovative and traditional technologies Figure 9 and 10. Interiors of Silos. Office boxes, study spaces and stair systems. 2012 Credit: Prof.ssa Emanuela Sorbo PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The “ex-Panificio Santa Marta” project considered the building complex as a new potential area open to the community. The cultural destinations, such as the University center and library, created new values in an urban dismissed area and to the local cityscape. Economic aspect: The plan of the area creates a new economy for the Center of Verona, for example the new student’s income in Verona and new social and cultural events related to the city. Environmental aspect: The project guarantees a new life to the building in compliance with the values linked to sustainability, soft mobility, and the coexistence of city and architecture. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The project re-organized the former industrial building adding new uses and implemented new technological systems and constructive solutions. Generally, all the interventions involved the relationship between sustainability, new uses, and cultural heritage preservation. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) No data TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE No data Figure 11 and 12. “Silos di Ponente” exteriors emergency exit system. 2021. Credit: Photo by the author. Figure 13 and 14. Former Bakery interior: ground floor. 2021. Credit: Photo by the author. Figure 15 and 16. Former Bakery interior stairs systems. 2021. Credit: Photo by the author. 71 DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Promotion activities: - Polo Univerisitario Santa Marta has a regular calendar of cultural activities (workshops, conferences, and courses). (http:// comunicazione. univr.it/santamarta/index.html) Prizes: - 2015: “Medaglia d’Oro all’Architettura” (https:// ilgiornaledellarchitettura.com/2015/12/12/unrestauro-doro/ ) Publications: - Massimo Carmassi with IUAV STUDI E PROGETTI – [ISP] srl, Recupero del Panificio di Santa Marta a sede universitaria, Verona (The renovation of the Santa Marta bakery as a University Center, Verona), in "Casabella" 858 p. 4, 2016 - Marco Mulazzani, L’architettura mostra il trascorrere del tempo, in "Casabella" 858 p. 5, 2016 - Mulazzani, Marco, L’architettura di Massimo Carmassi: la nuova sede dell’università di Verona: restauro e riuso (Massimo Carmassi's architecture: the new University Center of Verona: conservation and reuse), Electa Architettura, Milan 2016 - Massimo Carmassi, Gabriella Ioli, Silos di Ponente, ex Caserma Santa Marta Verona, in "Casabella" 794 p. 58, 2010 - Massimo Carmassi: conservazione e architettura : progetto per il campus universitario di Verona, Carmassi, Massimo, 2007 REFERENCES Massimo Carmassi with IUAV STUDI E PROGETTI – [ISP] srl, Recupero del Panificio di Santa Marta a sede universitaria, Verona (The renovation of the Santa Marta bakery as a University Center, Verona), in "Casabella" 858 p. 4, 2016 Marco Mulazzani, L’architettura mostra il trascorrere del tempo, in "Casabella" 858 p. 5, 2016 Maria Luisa Ferrari, Santa Marta, Past and present, Cierre Edizioni, 2016 Valerio Terraroli, Santa Marta, Dalla Provianda al Campus universitario (Santa Marta, From Provianda to University campus), 2016 - Mulazzani, Marco, L’architettura di Massimo Carmassi: la nuova sede dell’università di Verona: restauro e riuso (Massimo Carmassi's architecture: the new University Center of Verona: conservation and reuse), Electa Architettura, Milan 2016 - Scimemi Maddalena, Un restauro per Verona. Massimo Carmassi: la nuova sede universitaria di Santa Marta. (A restoration for Verona. Massimo Carmas- si: The new university center of Santa Marta), Electa Architettura, Milan 2011 - Massimo Carmassi, Gabriella Ioli, Silos di Ponente, ex Caserma Santa Marta Verona, in "Casabella" 794 p. 58, 2010 - Mario Spineli e Maria Rosaria Pastore, Dal masterplan per la città agli spazi per la didattica, pp. 25-30 in Architettiverona 85, 2010 - Massimo Carmassi: conservazione e architettura : progetto per il campus universitario di Verona, Carmassi, Massimo, 2007 http://www.carmassiarchitecture.com ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS 2002 - 2004, the Iuav Studi e Progetti carried out surveys and preliminary studies on the distribution hypotheses and intervention methods for the western silos and the bakery. 2012: Master’s thesis in “Architettura per la conservazione” (Architecture for conservation) by Brichese, De Rossi, Tenti. 2011 – 2012: The building was assigned as case study at the Workshop of restoration led by Massimo Carmassi at “Laboratorio di Recupero” (Recovery Lab) at the IUAV Master degree. Dicembre 2010: MASSIMO CARMASSI, didactic journal (http://www.iuav.it/Ateneo1/ chi-sia- mo/pubblicazi1/Catalogo-G/pdf-giorna/ Giornale-Iuav-97.pdf) OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE N/A REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A project ITALY Emanuela Sorbo Sofia Tonello 04 73 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations The fortified town of the 14th century Information about the location Historic centre Address Venzone, Udine Country / Region Italy Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 46.33420000725397, 13.139841551983675 City size Urban area 54,6 km² /230 m s.l.m. / Venzone is a municipality in the Province of Udine – Friuli-Venezia Giulia, North-east of Italy Website http://www.venzoneturismo.it/it/ Accessibility Historical Centre Public visits Yes Category Restoration / Reconstruction Urban project Urban revitalization Cultural planning Venzone (UD) The reconstruction of the Centre of Venzone Figure 2. Location map Orthophoto extract from Map 2012-2018 by Apple Inc Figure 1. The Publication express the awareness of the extent of the loss and the need for reconstruction. Credit: Associazione “Amici di Venzone” IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Deliberative and participatory planning Yes After the two main earthquakes in Friuli- Venezia Giulia between May and September 1976, the city of Venzone was reduced to ruins. Reconstruction had been challenging and expensive, and governments had proposed a new site for reconstruction. At the beginning of 1977, citizens joined in the "Comitato del 19 Marzo" (March 19th Committee) to reconstruct the city and became spokespersons for the desire to preserve the "material data", expression of the memory and history of Venzone. project CYPRUS Theodora Hadjipetrou Maria Nodaraki 01 81 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara Information about the location Rural Address Timiou Stavrou, Pano Lefkara Country / Region Cyprus, Larnaca Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 34.865582 33.307977 City size village Website https://lefkara.org.cy/el/ Accessibility public site Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Restoration / Reconstruction Urban project Urban Design Urban revitalization Installations & Structures Deliberative and participatory planning Yes Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara / Cyprus, Larnaca Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 2. Location Source https://www.bing.com/maps?osid=fa- 1ca52b-864b-44da-8810-65898ec326ca&cp=34.865988~ 33.307969&lvl=19&style=h&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027 Figure 1. Situation after works Credits: https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urbanlandscape-rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation- of-a-modern-past/ Current use The pilot Operation site occupies the last 60 metres of Timios Stavros street and Church square. On both sides of the street and the two sides of the square are 27 buildings of various uses: two churches, one hotel, residences and shops Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration Project Start date:12/2005 (Project) – 07/2006 (Works) Project Completion date: 01/2007 Area of the building (m2) The pilot Operation site: 60 metres of Timios Stavros street and the Church square. On both sides of the street and the two sides of the square are 27 buildings Current owner public: Lefkara Municipality Architects Department of Antiquities: Lena Pissaridou, architect. Department of Town Planning and Housing: Irene Hadjisavva, architecturbanist. Vassilis Ierides Associates: Vassilis Ierides, architect and David Castrillo, architect Other designers / engineers N/A Other agents Department of Antiquities: Evi Fiouri, Archaeological Officer Developer N/A Building contractor MELFICA CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD. Carpenters: George Roussos & Savvas Ptochos, Pano Lefkara Cost of the project / execution time 145.000 (co-funded by the European Union in the framework of the Euromed Heritage Program. Spanish Cooperation (AECI), and the Republic of Cyprus) / 2 years Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) 2005: the Oxford Brookes University carried out a workshop on the traditional architecture and its contribution to the development of the village of Lefkara. 2006: Workshop on Cultural Heritage was organized by the Department of Antiquities in Lefkara. //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values - Traditional materials - Traditional techniques - Communal value (Commemorative and symbolic values). Scope of application / necessity of the project: The scope of the project was the preservation and rehabilitation of the urban landscape of the village. KEY FEATURES 83 HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use Residential Religious Commercial HISTORIC USES Νο CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Buildings belong to the late 19th or the early 20th century. SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION N/A ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Anonymous (vernacular dwellings) PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION Most of the facades were in fairly good structural condition before restoration, but had undergone various interventions that affected the openings, balconies, renderings, and colours. Replacement of traditional renderings with ‘more solid’ cement ones. Removal of the plaster from the façades, in order to reveal the stone masonry. Changes regarding the size, form and materials of the openings (for example: replacement of the wooden doors and windows with iron or aluminium ones). Maintenance of the street by adding a new layer of premix at intervals. STATUS OF PROTECTION The Holy Cross church, located in the pilot operation site, is a monument of Schedule B. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The selected site is a part of the main artery relaying the village's two squares and ends up at an important focal point – the village's main church. The buildings, located in the selected site, have different typologies and styles (vernacular architectural style, urban neo-classical influences) and are mostly twostoried, with inclined tiled roofs. The buildings follow a continuous attached building system common in traditional settlements, creating a continuous and uniform front of stone masonry. The dwellings usually consisted of the following main spaces: the semi-outdoor iliakos (portico) from where the entrance to the house is achieved, the main space of the house called dichoro palati and the sospito which was the storage area of the house. Figure 4. Situation before restoration works https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ Figure 3. Situation before restoration works https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION: Through the proposal, a holistic approach was followed for the selected site and its various elements. The project included the rehabilitation of 19 facades, the infrastructure for future implementation of the underground electrical network, the improvement of the present external electrical network, the repair and reconstruction of a small surface of pavements and the placement of some urban furniture and signs. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS - Removal of the additional elements that weren’t compatible with local architecture character(additions of the last 30 years). For example, cement renderings and pseudo-tra- ditional stone cladding had to be removed. - Restoration of the traditional elements that had been a significant part of the buildings - Recovery of missing elements, such as the colour palette and traditional pavement. - Restoration of openings in their original form (dimensions and type). BUILDING MATERIALS Original materials: limestone for the walls, timber as a roofing material and openings. Maintenance of the original materials and addition of new compatible materials where necessary. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The proposal aims to restore the essential traditional elements of the selected site and deliver a revitalised area to the local community. In addition, the objective of the project is to achieve rehabilitation and enhancement of the urban landscape. Economic aspect: In the project, traditional materials and techniques were used helping towards the continuity of using traditional techniques today Environmental aspect: recycling of materials, reduction of the use of new materials, therefore saving energy for their processing and transportation. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The destroyed or disturbed parts of masonry were repaired using the same material and following the traditional techniques. Use of traditional techniques for the preparation and the application of the Figure 5. Elevation before restoration https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ Figure 6. Elevation after restoration https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ 85 colours for the facades. Through the gathering of information and field study the type of used authentic colour was found (blue loulaki, ochre, white, deep red and pink) The colour pigments were diluted in water and lime, according to the traditional technique of painting. Colours were applied either on the rendered surface or directly on the apparent stone masonry, depending on each facade's architectural style. Pavements were constructed using dry soil (traditional technique). DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) N/A TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE N/A DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara, Cyprus. The recuperation of a modern past – RehabiMed REFERENCES N/A ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS Urban landscape rehabilitation in Lefkara, Cyprus. The recuperation of a modern past – RehabiMed OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE Urban Regeneration Projects in Nicosia - revitalisation projects on the historic core of Kaimakli: https://www.nicosia. org.cy/el-GR/municipality/projects/ Completed/12845/ - revitalisation projects on Nicosia old town: https://www.nicosia.org.cy/el-GR/ municipality/projects/Completed/12846/ - Housing revitalisation programs Chrysaliniotissa: http://library.tee.gr/digital/ del/del_m685/del_m685_papadopoulou.pdf REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A Figure 8. Photographs of the current state https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ Figure 7. Photographs of the current state https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ project CYPRUS Chryso Herakleous Theodora Hadjipetrou Maria Nodaraki 02 87 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Mpakaliko stin Palia Aglantzia Information about the location Urban centre Address Andrea Demetriou 3, Aglantzia, 2108 Country / Region Cyprus, Nicosia, Aglantzia Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 35.152979 33.396734 City size municipality Website https://aglantzia.org.cy/archikiselida/i-drastiriotites-ekdilosis- mas/evropaika-programmata/ programmata-se-ekseliksi/ Accessibility public building Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Reuse (Adaptive) Restoration / Reconstruction Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use Multifunctional center Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2001 (renovation from Ioakim & Loizas) 2017-2021 Area of the building (m2) 140 m2 Current owner public: Aglantzia Municipality Architects FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, University of Cyprus: Aimilios Michael, Chryso Heracleous, Maria Xenophontos Other designers / engineers Andreas Demosthenous (Civil Engineer), Petros Christodoulides (Electrical Engineer), N. Leonidou (Mechanical Engineer) Multifunctional center / Cyprus, Nicosia, Aglantzia HYBUILD - Aglantzia case study IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 1. Location Source https://www.bing.com/maps?osid=e3c7e735-0ef8 -40f6-bb9e-89e4471b08c2&cp=35.153039~33.395885&l vl=19&style=h&v=2&sV=2&form=S00027) Other agents N/A Developer N/A Building contractor Alto stile construction ltd. Cost of the project / execution time €364.375 / 4 years Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) N/A HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use Commercial HISTORIC USES Νο CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 1920 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION Internal changes of auxiliary spaces, i.e. WC and kitchen (2020-2021), and creation of mechanical room for the project’s needs. Improvement of the energy performance of the building inserting 12cm extruded polysterene on the roof ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Anonymous (vernacular dwelling) PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION Moderate structural condition before restoration (2001) Good structural condition before restoration (2020-2021) STATUS OF PROTECTION Listed building GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The building plan is “I”-shaped as a more compact and simple form of linear placement of the individual spaces. The interior arrangement of the central part of the building volume is divided to the double bay (dichoro). The traditional building is //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values - Traditional materials - Traditional techniques - Communal value (Commemorative and symbolic values) Scope of application / necessity of the project: The project's scope was the restoration of the entire building, its reuse and sustainable energy refurbishment in accordance with current needs and conservation principles. KEY FEATURES 89 characterized by main spaces with a high ceiling of approximately 3.5-4.5m. This building has a 50-55cm thick stone masonry wall with rubble infill providing high thermal inertia. The roof is slightly inclined and originally was comprised of a thick layer of beaten earth laid on matting. Timber beams supported the roof layers. PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The dwelling was restored and conserved using traditional material and techniques. The proposal aims to create a multifunctional space where besides the promotion of contemporary technologies, it will have the possibility to host events, seminars, artistic performances etc. It will also function as a reading room - a digital library for young citizens and students. The traditional building was selected to be an example where a hybrid electrical-thermal storage system will be installed in the Mediterranean region as part of an ongoing research programme i.e. HYBUILD, funded by the European Union through HORIZON 2020. The selection aims to rehabilitate vernacular buildings and promote both bioclimatic features incorporated in vernacular architecture and new technologies that can be adapted in such buildings. This study focuses on the environmental assessment of these spaces by monitoring air temperature and relative humidity. Figure 3. Survey Drawings (Original layout of the building before conservation) Credits: FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, University of Cyprus _ Aimilios Michael, Chryso Heracleous, Maria Xenophontos Figure 4. Drawings of the intervention Credits: FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, University of Cyprus _ Aimilios Michael, Chryso Heracleous, Maria Xenophontos Figure 2. Situation before restoration works https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipNNc- 71FeXSWnUkSvUiKfWhaUR8NLURS_y9WCOc0xWyictDpC- gHdSz8JzWatki9vA?key=WDQtNGRObVpPc3JOSmY4R29 ZSVgzcDQ2QXNaeTJn preserve the continuity of the SX-YY glazed surface of the showroom. The vertical movement towards the upper storeys is achieved through a circular staircase and a lift, while the horizontal movement on each level through a northern corridor, which provides access to the separate apartments. Each of the seven storeys consists of two 2- bedroom apartments and a studio. On the 8th floor, there is a covered terrace with an unobstructed, 360-degrees-wide view. At the semi-basement a second store and a parking space are placed, while the basement houses secondary spaces. PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The proposal seeks to redesign the building without altering its original character and accurate outline. The plan is reorganized based on the conceptual view and the bioclimatic approach of the original design. There was an aim to improve thermal and visual comfort conditions. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS The plan is reorganised based on the conceptual view and the bioclimatic approach of the original design. In all seven storeys, the initial use -housing- is restored, but altered, unifying the three separate apartments (the 2 apartments and the studio) in one. Another housing unit is added in the place of the covered terrace of the 8th floor. Its façade is kept at a distance from the structural elements, aiming to preserve the initially “empty” eighth floor concept. The ground floor shop is restored to its initial design. The entertainment space is proposed for the Figure 6. Elevation after restoration https://www.rehabimed.net/2015/11/urban-landscape- rehabilitation-in-lefkara-cyprus-the-recuperation-of-a- modern-past/ Figure 7, 8, 9 and 10. Drawings and photographs of the current condition of the building credits: Aimilios Michael, Vasilis Ierides, Stavroula Christofilopoulou 97 semi-basement. The facades of the building are carefully redesigned and receive the minimum interventions. BUILDING MATERIALS The construction of the building is a reinforced concrete structure, with visible frames on the two narrow facades. The interior walls are filled with bricks. Interior flooring is made of marble and ceramic tiles. Exterior flooring is made of stone tiles or soil. The restoration aimed to the preservation of the original materials and the upgrade of the sensitive construction components. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY The functional upgrade of the building reinforces the commercial character of the wider area. The passive heating (southern orientation) and cooling (various shading devices, efficient cross ventilation) systems are preserved and reinforced. The thermal insulation of the building envelope is enhanced. Vegetation and water elements are added to improve the microclimate conditions. Appropriate active heating and cooling systems are installed to ensure increased thermal comfort during the climatically extreme periods of the year. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The Alexandros Demetriou building design incorporates simple passive heating and cooling strategies, namely exploitation of direct solar gains, shading and natural ventilation, as well as daylighting features. The above features are architecturally integrated into the new design and contribute to the improvement of the bioclimatic behaviour of the building, especially during the under-heated and overheated period of the year. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) Data loggers for monitoring temperature and moisture, weather station for monitoring external environmental conditions, temperature probes installed on the interior of brick walls. TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Michael A., Constantinou C. (2009). Conservation of Modern Architectural Heritage: The vision of Evolution Theory. In Architects & Engineers, i.85, Cyprus Association of Civil Engineers, Nicosia: Response Publications, pp.19-24 REFERENCES 1. Special issue on Cypriot architecture, J. Architektoniki, 55 (1966) 65-66. 2.J. Architektones kai Michanikoi, 28 (1993). 3.J. Architekton, 23 (1993) 4.A. Michael, Architect Neoptolemos Michaelides, the bioclimatic dimension in his work, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 2003. Figure 11. Shading Mask for overshadowing for the main façade. Daylight analysis of the initial design of the floor (winter & summer) credits: Aimilios Michael, Vasilis Ierides, Stavroula Christofilopoulou) 5.Μ. Economides, The relationship between modern and traditional in the work of the architect Neoptolemos Michaelides, London, 1992. 6.N. Michaelides, Earth architecture. Cypriot folk art, Pierides Foundation, Nicosia, 1993. 7.A. Michael, A. Papanikolaou, Neoptolemos Michaelides, with thought and dream, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 2002. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS Student Project on the Critical analysis of the conservation of the building in the framework of the Graduate Course ARH 516/517 History and Critical Theory of Conservation. Publications: 1. Michael, A., Christofilopoulou, S., Ierides, V., Conservation of Modern-Movement Architecture: The Alexandros Demetriou Building Case. The Challenge of Change X2, 1st Docomomo Cyprus Scientific Meeting, 5.11 – 6.11.08, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, Nicosia, December 2008 (10 p.), in Greek 2. Michael, A., Ierides, V., (2009) Building Restoration and Bioclimatic Design Considerations, Alexandros Demetriou Building in Nicosia, Neoptolemos Michaelides, 1959. IHT-IST (ed.), Proc. of the 9th National Conference on Renewable Energy Sources, 26.03 - 28.03.09, Paphos, Cyprus, ISSN 1108-3603, pp. 233-242, Giahoudis Publications, Thessaloniki, March 2009 (10 p.), in Greek and extended abstract in English 3. Michael, A., Ierides, V., (2013) Conservation and Modern Architecture Reserves: The Alexander Demetriou Building Case, Nicosia, Cyprus. Proc. of the 12th Int. Con. on The Survival of Modern, from Coffee Cup to General Plan, Docomomo Conference, 07.08 – 10.08.12, ISBN 978- 952-93-2300-5, Espoo, Finland, pp. 258-264 4. Michael, A., Christofilopoulou, S., Ierides, V., (2009) Conservation of Modern- Movement Architecture: The Case of the Alexandros Demetriou Building. Archive Architectural Journal, 6 (2009), 78 - 84, CAA, ISBN: 1450-3441, in Greek 5. Michael, A., Constantinou, Ch., (2009) The Conservation of Modern Heritage and the Theory of Evolution. Architects + Civil Engineers, 85 (2009), CCEAA, Response Publications, 19 - 24, in Greek OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE Polikatikia Geo. Pavlides, Ayiou Andreou Client: Spyros and Michalis Pavlides Location: St. Andrews, Street, Limassol Completion Date: 2006 https://akisarchitects.com.cy/en/Polikatikia+G eo.+Pavlides%2C+Ayiou+Andreou-p307.html REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A 99 project CYPRUS Maria Philokyprou 04 101 Designations N/A Information about the location Rural Address 1st of April, number 12. Country / Region Cyprus, Nicosia district, Kapedes Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 34.976980 33.255676 City size village Website http://www.kapedes.org/history.html Accessibility Private building Public visits No Category Architectural project Reuse (Adaptive) Restoration / Reconstruction Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use House Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2010 -2011 Area of the building (m2) 200 m2 Current owner private: Maria Philokyprou Architects Maria Philokyprou Other designers / engineers Lefteris Hadjiloukas (Civil Engineer) Vernacular dwelling in Kapedes / Cyprus, Nicosia district, Kapedes IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 2. Location Source https://www.bing.com/maps?osid=80d3e217-915f-41b9-8feb-b7db5a5b9e92&cp= 34.977056~33.255628&lvl=19&style=h&v=2&sV=2&- form=S00027) Figure 1. Location credits: Maria Philokyprou /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Restoration of a vernacular dwelling in Kapedes Other agents N/A Developer N/A Building contractor Takis Cost of the project / execution time 150000 euro / 2010-11 Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) Preparation of an index template by the Town Planning and Housing Department in order to include the building into the listed vernacular dwellings of the settlement HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use House HISTORIC USES Residential CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Beginning of the 20th century SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION Two small-scale extensions were erected, one for achieving internal communication between different rooms, and the other for creating an additional area with a view towards the forest. year of intervention: 2010 ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Anonymous (vernacular dwelling) PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION Poor structural condition before restoration STATUS OF PROTECTION It is a listed building (declared by the Department of Town Planning and Housing after the application of the previous owner of the house) GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The house consisted of a central semi-open space leading from the road to the courtyard, a large main double-space room (dichoro), and a number of small rooms at the ground level as well as two rooms (probably bedrooms) on the first floor. The rooms are arranged in an L shape on the two sides of an elongated courtyard. //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values - Typical rural vernacular dwelling with some special characteristics (dichoro, semi-open entrance in the form of dichoro, balconies with a triangular shape) - Traditional materials - Traditional techniques - Communal value (Commemorative and symbolic values) Scope of application / necessity of the project: Restoration and reuse of the entire building and addition of new constructions, to serve contemporary needs, without compromising the character and uniqueness of the space. KEY FEATURES 103 PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION The house was restored and conserved using traditional material and techniques. Two new structures were erected, one small corridor to connect two separate parts of the house and another small extension with a view towards the forest DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS - The extensions were small-scale, and of lightweight materials (metal and glass) - Maintenance of the original typology of the house - Transmission of a semi-open space into a closed area with the use of glass surfaces BUILDING MATERIALS - Original materials: Stone of igneous rocks for the lower part of the structure and adobes for the superstructure, timber as the roofing material - Maintenance of the original materials and conservation using traditional materials. - Use of lightweight materials such as glass and metal for the additions PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The house preserves its original use and thus helps towards the revival of the traditional settlement of Kapedes Economic aspect: For the conservation of the house, traditional materials and techniques were used by traditional craftsmen. Adobes were prepared following the traditional techniques. Local materials and techniques were entirely used, helping towards the continuity of using traditional techniques today. Environmental aspect: - Use of traditional materials in the conservation – stones and adobes, traditional mortars, and plasters (gypsum and lime) with minimal energy demands for their preparation. - Use of insulation layers in the reconstruction of the roofs to improve the energy efficiency of the house - Maintenance of the passive environmental strategies incorporated in the dwelling (cross ventilation, the high thermal mass of the structure etc.). Figure 3. Visual Records before the interventions Credits: Maria Philokyprou SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN -Use of adobes for the reconstructed parts of the structure using the same traditional method for their preparation -Use of lime hydraulic mortars prepared with the addition of ceramics (not cement) DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) Data loggers for monitoring temperature and moisture, weather station for monitoring external environmental conditions, temperature probes installed on the interior of adobe walls TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE Figure 5. Drawings of the intervention Credits: Maria Philokyprou Figure 6.Photographs of the current condition of the building Credits: Maria Philokyprou Figure 7.Photographs of the current condition of the building Credits: Maria Philokyprou Figure 4. Survey Drawings - before restoration Credits: Maria Philokyprou 105 DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Michael, A., Demosthenous D. and Philokyprou, M. 2017, “Natural Ventilation for Cooling in Mediterranean Climate: A Case Study in Vernacular Architecture of Cyprus”, Energy and Buildings (Elsevier) 144, pp.333- 345 (DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.040). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/abs/pii/S0378778816308519 Michael, A., Philokyprou, M. and Argyrou, Chr. 2014 “Documentation and Evaluation of the Positive Contribution of Natural Ventilation in the Rural Vernacular Architecture of Cyprus”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Cultural Heritage. Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage Documentation, Preservation and Protection (Euromed 2014), Limassol, Cyprus, 3-8 November, pp.310-319. Philokyprou, M. and Michael, A. 2012 “Εvaluation of the Environmental Features of Vernacular Architecture. A Case Study in Cyprus”, Proceedings of the 4th International Euro-Mediterranean Conference on Cultural Heritage (EuroMed 2012), Limassol, Cyprus, 29 October – 3 November, pp.349-354. REFERENCES Michael, A., Demosthenous D. and Philokyprou, M. 2017, “Natural Ventilation for Cooling in Mediterranean Climate: A Case Study in Vernacular Architecture of Cyprus”, Energy and Buildings (Elsevier) 144, pp.333-345 (DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.040). Michael, A., Philokyprou, M. and Argyrou, Chr. 2014 “Documentation and Evaluation of the Positive Contribution of Natural Ventilation in the Rural Vernacular Architecture of Cyprus”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Cultural Heritage. Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage Documentation, Preservation and Protection (Euromed 2014), Limassol, Cyprus, 3-8 November, pp.310-319. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS 2013 Independent graduate study on the Bioclimatic elements of traditional houses. The Case of Kapedes, Student: E. Panayiotou 2014 Graduate study on the night ventilation of the case study building, Student: C. Argyrou 2017 MSc Thesis on the ventilation of the case study building, Student: D. Demosthenous OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE https://akisarchitects.com.cy/en/Tassos+Ioannou+Residence+%28Arsos%29-p538.html https://akisarchitects.com.cy/en/Y.+- Michaelides+Residence%2C+Ayios+Tychonas-p453.html REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A Figure 13. Digital map of sky view factor values in the project site (envimet software results) source: Bioclimatic Study, Directorate of Urban Planing and Architectural Studies, Municipality of Thessaloniki Figure 15. Digital maps of summer midday air temeparture values in the project site before and after interventions source: Bioclimatic Study, Directorate of Urban Planing and Architectural Studies, Municipality of Thessaloniki Figure 16. Digital maps of summer midday surface temperature values in the project site before and after interventions source: Bioclimatic Study, Directorate of Urban Planing and Architectural Studies, Municipality of Thessaloniki Figure 17. Digital maps of thermal comfort indices in the project site before and after interventions source: Bioclimatic Study, Directorate of Urban Planing and Architectural Studies, Municipality of Thessaloniki Figure 18. Microclimate monitoring equipement: a.portable devices on streets and b,c. permanent meteorological stations in Emporiou sq and Hrimatistiriou sq Source: Chatzidimitriou, A., S. Kanouras, L. Topli and M. Bruse (2017). Figure 14. Digital models of the project site for microclimate simulations (envimet input file) (a) before interventions and (b) after interventions source: Bioclimatic Study, Directorate of Urban Planing and Architectural Studies, Municipality of Thessaloniki SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Preliminary evaluation of the project through simulation results indicates the extent of microclimate and comfort improvement that can be achieved by implementating the proposed interventions. After construction microclimate evaluation with short term and long-term on site monitoring (short-term monitoring with portable instrumentation in the entire area, long term monitoring with two permanent monitoring stations in the two squares) DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE 113 OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE Other similar projects have been implemented in many urban areas in Greece within the framework of the “Bioclimatic improvement program for public open spaces” (http://www.cres.gr/epperaa/ bioclimat_anavathm.htm). Some of them are the bioclimatic redevelopment in the urban centre of Serres, in the Municipality of Marousi in Athens, in the Municipality of Pavlos Melas in Thessaloniki etc. The complete list of the approved projects can be found in http://www.cres.gr/epperaa/ bioclimat_anavathm_entagmenes_ apofaseis.htm Publications of similar projects: I. Karakounos, A. Dimoudi, S. Zoras (2018). The influence of bioclimatic urban redevelopment on outdoor thermal comfort. Energy and Buildings, Volume 158, Pages 1266-1274, ISSN 0378-7788, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.035. M. Santamouris, N. Gaitani, A. Spanou, M. Saliari, K. Giannopoulou, K. Vasilakopoulou, T. Kardomateas (2012). Using cool paving materials to improve microclimate of urban areas – Design realization and results of the flisvos project. Building and Environment, Volume 53, Pages 128-136, ISSN 0360-1323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. buildenv.2012.01.022. REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES Breathe Austria Pavilion (2015), Institute for Architecture and Landscape LandLab & Transollar, EXPO 2015 Milan, Italy https:// transsolar.com/projects/expo-pavillon-2015- breathe-austria Avenida de Europa White Towers (1992), Expo 1992 Seville, Spain https://archiseek. com/2009/1992-europa-pavilion-universal- exposition-of-seville-expo-92/ Mirroir d’eau (2006), Michel Corajoud, Bordeaux, France Francehttps://www. bordeaux.fr/l10812/miroir-d-eau High line (2009-2014), Corner Field Operations Diller Scofidio + Renfro & Piet Oudolf, New York, USA, https://dsrny. com/project/the-high-line, https://www. thehighline.org/design/ Figure 19. Map of the area with indication of microclimate monitoring spots and location of meteorological stations Chatzidimitriou, A., S. Kanouras, L. Topli and M. Bruse (2017). DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Dissemination of the project is done through the campaign “you too, get in the climate” https://cool4thess.thessaloniki.gr/ REFERENCES Chatzidimitriou, A., P. Liveris, M. Bruse and L. Topli (2013). Urban redevelopment and microclimate improvement: A design project in Thessaloniki, Greece. In Proceedings of the 29th PLEA Conference, Sustainable Architecture for a Renewable Future. September 2013, Munich, Germany. (http:// plea-arch.org/plea-proceedings/ , https://mediatum. ub.tum.de/doc/1169396/file.pdf ) Chatzidimitriou, A., S. Kanouras, L. Topli and M. Bruse (2017). Evaluation of a sustainable urban redevelopment project in terms of microclimate improvement. In Proceedings of the 33rd International PLEA Conference, Design to Thrive. July 2017, Edinburgh, U.K. (http://plea-arch.org/plea-pro- ceedings/, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/ Angeliki_Chatzidimitriou/publication/318404396_ Evaluation_of_a_sustainable_urban_redevelop- ment_project_in_terms_of_microclimate_im- provement/links/596b196da6fdcc18ea769b30/ Evaluation-of-a-sustainable-urban-redevelop- ment-project-in-terms-of-microclimate-improve- ment.pdf ) ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS N/A project GREECE Maria Doussi Sofoklis Kotsopoulos 02 115 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Traditional building of the 19th century in the historic area of Thessaloniki’s Upper city Information about the location Historic centre Address Kleious 24 Country / Region Greece / Central Macedonia Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 40.64290 22.94760 City size 110000m2 / 1,2 m inhabitants Website N/A Accessibility Private recidence. Public visits No Category Architectural project Resilience Restoration Environment planning Cultural planning Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use Residence Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2013-2014 Area of the building (m2) 160 m2 residence, 80 m2 auxiliary uses Current owner private: Mazounis family Kleious 24 / Upper city of Thessaloniki Restoration of a timber framed traditional building. Figure 1. View of the historic building source: Authors IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 2. Location of the project site in the Upper city of Thessaloniki Source Google Earth, ©2021 Google Architects Maria Dousi, Michael Nomikos Other designers / engineers Structural Engineer: Nikos Tzimopoulos Electrical and Mechanical Engineer: Dimitris Karnoutsos Other agents N/A Developer N/A Building contractor The construction was made by the owner, under the supervision of the project team Cost of the project / execution time 100.000 € Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) There were no previous studies for this building. Architects were based on their experience on similar projects and all the engineers are specialised in postgraduate restoration studies of the AUTh. HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use House HISTORIC USES Residence CONSTRUCTION PERIOD The second half of the 19th century SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION All the necessary new reinforcement is made with the same materials and techniques as the original structure while new architectural elements and technological equipment have a contemporary form as to be distinguishable from the original elements of the building. There were no functional changes, the original typology of the historic building was reviled with the demolition of later non appropriate additions. Preserving the retained original features of historic buildings; dealing with the cases where original features have been destroyed, //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values The building is neither an extraordinary monument, nor an example of distinctive architectural value. However, it is one of hundreds of historic buildings that constituted the historic identity and character of the city during the 19th century, buildings that would have helped us understand the values and qualities of Balkan Architecture if they had been preserved. Scope of application / necessity of the project: The key objective of the inter-scientific collaboration was the design of the interventions to facilitate the preservation and promotion of the typological, morphological and structural elements of the building, as well as to accomplish all the contemporary living conditions. The project scope was also the energy upgrade of the building, according to the standards. KEY FEATURES 117 but where information exists about their original configuration, and coping with integrating new facilities required to meet modern requirements. Modern structural adequacy regulations and earthquake protection, and building regulations along with the necessary installations further complicate solving the problems involved in re-using these buildings. The multidisciplinary approach to the analysis and documentation of this historic building brought to the surface important aspects of its construction technology. ARCHITECTS / AGENTS It is a traditional building of vernacular – anonymus architecture. PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION The physical condition of the building before restoration was very bad. The timber frame of the building had suffered severe damage, as well as other architectural elements. Part of the timber frame had been moved from the vertical axis, resulting in the relevant slope of the floors. This pathology in addition to the above mentioned damages was evident with cracks. STATUS OF PROTECTION The listed building (Ι category of maximum protection) of the Ministry of Environment and Energy / Ministry of the Interior - Department of Macedonia and Thrace. http://www.mathra.gr/?page_id=18431 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The building is organized on three levels: semi-basement and two floors. It is a two-sto- rey flat-fronted house with a semi-basement and a clear symmetrical organization on all levels, where two rooms are organized leftright of the main hall, which projects forming a sachnisi on the main facade. Also the eastern room on the first floor facing the street, is orthogonalized with the creation of a second sachnisi. The access to the elevated ground floor is made through the courtyard with two stairs symmetrically arranged on either side of the building’s central projection, which is a special typological element. From the preserved morphological characteristics of the building, we conclude that it is a relatively simply decorated building. Figure 5. The building before the restoration (detail of the interior). Source: Figure 3. The building before the restoration (view from the street). Source: Figure 4. The building before the restoration (detail of the main facade). Source: PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION - Preservation of typology and integrating the needs of contemporary living. Restoration of morphological characteristics. - Restoration of the construction materials and systems and at the same time strengthening the building against the earthquake. - Enhancing energy behavior. - Upgrading the whole neighborhood with the restoration of the building and its sourroundings. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS No changes and additions were made to the original form of the building. Demolition of the later non appropriate additions. BUILDING MATERIALS Stone foundation and stone masonry (first level). Timber frame for the construction of floors and interior walls. Wooden roof, covered with ceramic tiles. All the works are implemented with the restoration or partial reconstruction of the original elements of the construction. The damaged frames were replaced with similar new ones with energy specifications. Embodied into the timber frame, thermal insulation was added, while outside, a 5 cm thermal insulation plaster was added, without altering the building morphological characteristics. Figure 6. Drawings of the analysis and documentation of the historic building. Source Figure 8. Section – proposal drawing. Source Figure 7. First floor plan – proposal drawing. Source 119 PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: Serving the living needs of the owners. Stimulation of housing in the historic area of Upper city. It served as a model for the restoration of historic buildings in the area. Economic aspect: Building Reuse, Building Restoration, Building Energy Savings, Budget Savings (the cost was approximately 80% less in comparison with a construction of a new building of the same volume). Environmental aspect: Improving the quality of housing through energy upgrades. Preserving the historic character of the neighborhood. Saving resources as much as possible during construction by reusing original constructions SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN All the necessary new reinforcements were made using the same materials and techniques employed in the original structure, while new architectural elements and technological equipment have a contemporary form so as to be distinguishable from the original elements of the building. Specifically, embodied into the timber frame, thermal insulation was placed, while outside the building, a thermal insulation plaster was applied. The result was the energy upgrade of the building, without significantly affecting its original features. Finally, thermal insulation and waterproofing were applied to the roof. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) N/A Figure 9. View of the main facade after the restoration. Source Figure 11. Detail of the restoration. Source Figure 10. Interior view after the restoration. Source Figure 12. Τhe energy upgrade study Source TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE 121 REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES Timber-Framed Buildings and Structural Restoration of a Historic Timber Pavilion in Turkey https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ abs/10.1080/15583058.2011.640738?fbclid=IwAR3s7ZDQyDbnI58XRCaX7wXcDgIO n4hW-T0ROPrX0355o8jfTbMUQ9zajsU& DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) N/A REFERENCES Michael Nomikos, Restoraion and reuse of historic buildings and sites, Giachoudi editions, Thessaloniki 2004 (in Greek). Nikolaos Moutsopoulos, Ano Poli of Thessaliki, Thessaloniki 1979 (in Greek). ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS M. Dousi, M. Nomikos, The restoration of a timber framed traditional building. From the study to the implementation, Proceedings of the 4rth Panhellenic Conference of Anastilosis - ETEPAM, Thessaloniki, pp. 234-251. OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE M. Anagnostidis, M. Dousi, M. Nomikos, O. Chatzopoulou, “Restoration of a listed building in Upper City of Thessaloniki”, at Restoration and reuse of buildings and sites in Northern Greece, Ergon IV publications, Thessaloniki 2002, V.I, pp.172-195 (in Greek). “Methodological approach for the restoration of historic buildings in Greece. The case of Daniel΄s Mansion in Xanthi – Thrace”, at Proceedings of the 1rst Euro-Mediterranean Regional Conference Traditional Mediterranean Architecture. Present and Future, Rehabiment EU, ICOMOS, Barcelona 2007, σελ. 601-603. http://www.rehabimed.net/Publicacions/Conferencia/1a%20Conferencia%20regional%20 Euromediterranea.pdf Restoration of Benizelon mansion https://archontiko-mpenizelon.gr/ el/%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CE%B1%CE%B- D%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B- B%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD %CF%82-%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1% CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82/ TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE N/A DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) The museum promotes the dissemination of cultural heritage values within the restored complex. It regularly organizes workshops, music events, public lectures and temporary exhibitions. It has received, in 2020, one of the prizes of the competition “EU in my Region 2020” organized among projects co-funded by the EU. REFERENCES Melidi, E., Nikiforidou, A., Museums and Museology in contemporary society; new challenges and relationships, Archaiologia, 27/10/14, vol9 ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS N/A OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE N/A REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A 129 project GREECE Maria Doussi Sofoklis Kotsopoulos 04 131 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Municipality of Pavlos Melas Information about the location Urban Historic centre Urban centre Address Pavlos Melas former military camp (Lagada street), 56429 Thessaloniki Country / Region Greece / Central Macedonia Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84): 40.659902 22.935408 City size 3.300m², 99.245 inhabitants Website N/A Accessibility Public building / Townhall Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Resilience Reuse Restoration Landscape Preservation Infrastructure planning Cultural planning Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use Abandoned Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2019-2020 Historic barracks in the Pavlos Melas metropolitan park (former military camp) Creative reuse of the barracks in the Pavlos Melas metropolitan park Figure 1. View of the project site source IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 2. Location of the project site in the city of Thessalonikii Source Google Earth, ©2021 Google Area of the building (m2) 3.300m² Current owner Public: Municipality of P.M Architects Municipality of Pavlos Melas Consultants: Major Development Agency Thessaloniki S.A. Asimina Papadiamanti, Head of Technical Service Stavros Apotsos, architect MSc Protection, Conservation & Restoration of Cultural Monuments A.U.Th. Jordan Sinamides, architect MSc Protection, Conservation & Restoration of Cultural Monuments A.U.Th. Stella Psylaki, architect MSc Protection, Conservation & Restoration of Cultural Monuments A.U.Th. Consultant: Michael Nomikos, Emeritus Professor, School of Architecture A.U.Th. Other designers / engineers Dimitris Gatzonis, architect, project manager Dimitris Angelou, civil engineer Vasilis Karavasilis, civil engineer George Sourlas, civil engineer Aris Valtadoros, civil engineer Nikos Xirofotos, electrical & mechanical engineer Other agents Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. Paraskevi Kourti, Director of Strategic Planning, Urban Development and Funding of Pavlos Melas Municipality. Developer N/A Building contractor N/A Cost of the project / execution time 2,4Μ€ / 2021-2023 Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) - Archaeological excavation that revealed the original foundation of the building. - Historical research on the recent history of the camp during the Ger- //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values It is a historic building that was built between 1890 and 1905 by the then Ottoman administration. The original design was implemented by German engineers and included, in addition to the perimeter load-bearing masonry, an internal wooden frame. The camp in which it is located was a place of execution during the German occupation in the 1940s. Scope of application / necessity of the project: Currently abandoned, the former military building will host the new town hall of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas. The services of the Municipality are currently housed in several private buildings. The new town hall of the municipality was decided to be housed in one of the most imposing buildings of the newly redesigned park. The restoration of a historic building integrated in a Metropolitan Park that would be open to the public and accessible to all social and age groups was the project’s main goal. KEY FEATURES 133 man occupation based on archives, documents, photographs and oral testimonies. - Structural analysis by the team of civil engineers. - Laboratory analyses of materials sampled from the historic building. HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use Military HISTORIC USES Ottoman Barracks (initially - 1912), Greek Barracks (1912-1990) CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 1890-1905 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION After its construction, the most important intervention that the building underwent was in the '30s, when the original wooden frame was replaced by reinforced concrete slabs, beams and columns. In addition, over the years, the interior layouts violated the original typology. ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Unknown German engineers PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION The building’s physical condition before restoration was poor, except for the perimeter load-bearing masonry, which is well structured and strong enough. The reinforced concrete elements were weakened by the oxidation of the steel, the reconstructed roof in many places was flooded, most of the windows were missing, as well as the interior walls were in poor condition and irregularly placed. STATUS OF PROTECTION By decision of the Ministry of Culture from 2003, it was listed along with the identical building next to it. Therefore both buildings are protected in terms of their masonries and their morphological characteristics, as their architectural, social, technical, historical and scientific values were considered significant. In addition, part of the metropolitan park was designated as a historic site and place of martyrdom. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION It is a two-storey building 150m long, 11m wide and 10m high. Its central part is wider, Figure 4 and 5. View of the historic buildings before the intervention Source: All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. Figure 3. View of the historic buildings before the intervention Source: All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. dividing it into two elongated wings. On the central longitudinal axis of each of them, a pair of wooden columns defined an elongated corridor 2,4m wide on either side of which the soldiers’ beds were lined up. Figure 6. rawings of the analysis and documentation of the historic building. Source All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. 135 PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION: The design project idea for the restoration study was to preserve the historical memory of the site and to connect it with the daily life of the citizens. For this reason it was decided to highlight the original structural system, typology and morphological characteristics of the building. The new redesign interventions fit harmoniously into the historic shell and show their modern character, while new materials compatible with the original construction technology are used. The new electromechanical installations upgrade the building energetically without offending it. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS The most important change in the building is the removal of all subsequent incompatible interventions and especially those of reinforced concrete. Then the addition of the original building system restores the original typology. New uses are introduced so that the original organization is followed and understood. BUILDING MATERIALS Composite glued timber replaces the original wooden frame. After the laboratory analyses of the original building mortars and coatings, the new ones that will be used are selected to be compatible with the old ones, to allow the air permeability through the masonry as well as to strengthen it. The masonry and the roof are insulated internally, to leave the original morphology unchanged. The new wooden frames are designed to meet the old ones with modern technical characteristics. Figure 8. Interior view of office layout. Source: All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. Figure 7. Masterplan of the project. Source: All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. Figure 9. Interior view of the main entrance. Source: All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: The project contributes significantly to the preservation of memory with activation of the historic site and the reuse of a historic building as it opens to the public. The citizens become familiar with the qualities of the historical construction, while the abandoned shell acquires life. The surrounding area's redesign provides ramps and paths, allowing access for the building and the park to the disabled. Economic aspect: With the installation of the new town hall in the historic building, the wider area will be developed and regenerated economically. Resources will be saved by reusing the building stock as they will not be wasted in the construction of a new one. Environmental aspect: Maintaining heavy stone masonry saves a considerable amount of accumulated energy. The new materials used are environmentally friendly while they replace reinforced concrete interventions. The new plantings and the integration of the new use in the park upgrade the citizens' quality of life. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN The construction materials used are fully compatible with the character of the original building. This is the case with both masonry materials such as mortar and the use of wood for floor, roof and window frames. At the same time, the historic building is upgraded energetically using new technologies and aesthetically with modern and distinct elements. The services scattered until yesterday are concentrated in a historic, redesigned, imposing building, saving resources from building materials and energy from unnecessary transportation. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE N/A DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) N/A Figure 10. Detail of the intervention. Source All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. Figure 11. Digital data Source All images and drawings are part of the project and belong to Major Development Agency Thessaloniki s.a. 137 OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE Restoration of the Medieval fortification of Rhodes https://eclass.uop.gr/modules/document/file. php/656/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%B- F%CF%82%20-%20%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B- F%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%20 REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES The old Barracks Restoration https://www.barracks.org/barracks-restoration. html Neues Museum https://davidchipperfield.com/project/neues_ museum REFERENCES Hastaoglou Vilma, The West Arc competition, New collective spaces in the contemporary city, Organisation for the Cultural Capital of Europe: Thessaloniki 1997. (GR) Δέλλιος, Γ., Ιντζές, Χ., Καρνούτσος, Δ., Κοιμτζόγλου, Δ., Μάτσου, Β., Μποζοπούλου, Ά., Τοκμακίδου, Α., Φελεκίδου, Ο., Ψυλλάκη, Σ., (Επιβλέποντες Μ.Νομικός, Ο.Γεωργούλα, Κ.Τοκμακίδης, Α.Σέξτος, Θ.Ξένος), Μελέτη ανάλυσης —τεκμηρίωσης και πρόταση επανάχρησης κτιρίου στρατωνισμού στο στρατόπεδο Παύλου Μελά, ΔΠΜΣ – ΑΠΘ, Thessaloniki 2011. (GR) Καφτατζής, Γ., Το Ναζιστικό στρατόπεδο Παύλου Μελά Θεσσαλονίκης, 1941—1944, Παρατηρητής: Thessaloniki 1999. (GR) Κούρτη, Π., Αστικές Πολιτικές και Δημόσιος Χώρος. Συνέχεια και Αλλαγή στη Διαχείριση του Δημόσιου Χώρου στη Δυτική Θεσσαλονίκη, 1980 - 2010, Διδακτορική Διατριβή, Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Α.Π.Θ., Thessaloniki 2017 (GR) Λαζαρίδης Σ., Από το Βαρδάρι έως το Δερβένι, Ιστορική καταγραφή έως το 1920, Thessaloniki 1997. (GR) Λαζαρίδης, Σ., Η μοναξιά του Ζειτενλικ. Η μακραίωνη κυοφορία των Δυτικών Συνοικιών της Θεσσαλονίκης μέχρι το 1920, Εκδόσεις Ζήτρος: Thessaloniki 2012. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS The building was studied in the Interdisciplinary Collaboration Studio, key element of the Interdisciplinary Program of Postgraduate Studies “Protection, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Monuments”, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, during the academic period 2010-2012. The postgraduate students’ team consisted of archaeologists, architects, civil engineers, rural and surveying engineers, mechanical engineers and electrical and computer engineers. The project covers a series of studies on historical research and documentation, surveying, architectural and structural analysis, reuse proposal and structural reinforcement. Postgraduate students who studied the building in the context of the interdepartmental program were also members of the project design team. The building was also studied in the school of architecture as an undergraduate design studio. Figure 9. a) View of the interpretation room and b) View of the courtyard from second floor. Author: © Fernando Alda, 2009. Source: Francisco Reina Fernández-Trujillo. Figure 10. View of the courtyard after the intervention. Author: © Fernando Alda, 2009. Source: Francisco Reina Fernández-Trujillo. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN On the technical side, energy efficiency interventions are proposed through passive actions (such as the treatment of light through the courtyard or the control of orientations). A decentralised air-conditioning system was incorporated to make each floor independent. Finally, photovoltaic solar energy panels were not installed due to the use of the building. From a functional point of view, it is proposed to flexibly adapt the uses demanded, allowing for other future occupancy alternatives. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) No digital data was used. TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE No tools/technologies were used. DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Prizes: > Finalist. Spanish Architectural Heritage Intervention Award 2009 Consejo Superior de Arquitectos de España. > Finalist Work. I Architecture Awards 2006- 2010. Official College of Architects of Seville. 2015. Publications and websites: > “Concursos de arquitectura con participación de jurado 2002/2006”. Edited by Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes. ISBN 978-84- 8095-537-9. 2008. > https://www.metalocus.es/es/noticias/ luz-y-ligereza-en-la-rehabilitacion-de-casa-di- anez-por-reina-asociados 145 > www.divisare.com/projects/307047-fran- cisco-reina-fernando-alda-www-fernando- alda-com-dianez-house > www.archilovers.com/projects/168130/dianez-house-restoration.html > https://morewithlessdesign.com/casa-di- anez/ > http://www.fernandoalda.com/es/trabajos/arquitectura/444/rehabilitacion-de-la-casa-dianez Conferences: > "Rehabilitación de dos casas en Cádiz". XV Edición Jornadas REhabilita. Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Extremadura, Ayuntamiento de Plasencia y Fundación Pymecon. Plasencia, 8 de octubre de 2020. > "Construir entre las cosas". Ciclo: "NOON. Miércoles mediodía. Conferencias sobre arquitectura contemporánea". Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, 2 de junio 2010. REFERENCES Almagro Montes de Oca, Gabriel (2001). Alcalá de los Gazules en el fondo documental Sánchez del Arco. Cádiz: Excma. Diputación Provincial de Cádiz. Almagro Montes de Oca, G. y Guerra Martínez, J. (1991) Alcalá de los Gazules: el medio físico y humano. Alcalá de los Gazules: Ayuntamiento de Alcalá de los Gazules. Cuaderno de Temas Alcalaínos. Navarro Ariza, María Rosa (1998). El conjunto urbano de Alcalá de los Gazules en apuntes históricos y de nuestro patrimonio, 1997-98. Alcalá de los Gazules: Edición Municipal, pp. 63 y ss. Navarro Ariza, María Rosa (Inédita). Caracterización, definición y delimitación del conjunto histórico de Alcalá de los Gazules para la Consejería de Cultura. Ramos Romero, Marcos (1983). Alcalá de los Gazules. Jerez: Diputación de Cádiz. Historia de los Pueblos de la Provincia de Cádiz. Toscano de Puelles, Fernando (1990). Iglesia parroquial de San Jorge en Alcalá de los Gazules. Guía breve. Cádiz: Ayuntamiento de Alcalá de los Gazules. Cuaderno de Temas Alcalaínos. Toscano de Puelles, Fernando (1988). Historia de la congregación beaterio de Jesús, María y José. Cádiz: Diputación Provincial. Toscano de Puelles, Fernando (1985). Las escuelas profesionales de la Sagrada Familia en Alcalá de los Gazules. Chiclana: Asociación de AA. AA. SAFA. Toscano de Puelles, Fernando (1987). Sainz de Andino el Hacedor de Leyes. Cádiz: Diputación de Cádiz. VV.AA. (1988-2003). Apuntes históricos y de nuestro patrimonio. Cuaderno de Temas Alcalaínos, varios números. Alcalá de los Gazules: Ayuntamiento de Alcalá de los Gazules. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS Other proposals in the restricted competition (2005): “Nueva Vida” by Francisco Javier Terrados Cepeda “Jerash” by José Ignacio Fernández-Pujol Cabrera “No es lo mismo” by Ignacio Rubiño Chacón, Pura García Márquez and Luis Rubiño Chacón “Pathio3” by José Manuel Morales, Andrés Pérez Sánchez-Romate and Eva Escribano Montero OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE - Dwellings in Vírgenes street, Sevilla by Francisco Reina Fernández-Trujillo (2007- 2011) - Pinillos House, extension of the Museum of Cádiz by Francisco Reina Fernández-Trujillo (2009-2011) REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES N/A project SPAIN 02 Marta García-Casasola Daniel Pinzón-Ayala * Information, text, images, drawings and plans provided by Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio 147 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Designations Muralla de San Miguel (San Miguel Wall) Information about the location Peri-urban Mountain Address Albayzin, Granada Country / Region Spain / Granada Coordinates (GIS: ETRS89 / Google Maps: WGS84) 447729.67, 4115576.55 37°11’6.61”N, 3°35’20.02”W City size 10 463 hab. (2017) Albayzín Neighborhood Website N/A Accessibility Public Public visits Yes Category Architectural project Resilience Restoration / Reconstruction Landscape Intervention Preservation Muralla nazarí, Alto Albayzín (Nasrid Wall, Upper Albayzin) (Recovery of the Cerro de San Miguel and the Darro river area. Rehabilitation of the wall of San Miguel Alto and its surroundings) Figure 1. Muralla Nazarí (Nasrid Wall) Authors: David Arredondo and Alberto García, 2006. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. IDENTIFICATION //////////////////////////////////////////// Figure 2. Location map of Upper Albayzín and the Alhambra. Author: Elaborated on © Google Maps image by Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2008. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Environmental planning Infrastructure planning Deliberative and participatory planning No Current use Public space Year (period) of the project renovation / restoration 2002 / 2005: Project 2005 / 2006: Construction Area of the building (m2) 56,7 m2 (constructed area) / 49 358 m2 (area involved) / 40 m (wall) Current owner Public: Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, Gobierno de España (Ministry of Culture and Sport, Spanish Government) Architects Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Other designers / engineers Collaborators: Michele Panella, Aberto García Moreno, David Arredondo Garrillo, Michele Loiacono, Miguel Dumont Mingorance, Miguel Rodríguez López, Gustavo Romera Clavero, Erwan Blanchard and Maylis Vignau (Architects) Miguel Ángel Ramos Puertollano and María Jesús Conde Sánchez (Quality Surveyor) Manuel Guzmán Castaños (Engineer) Other agents Nicolás Torices Abarca (Art Historian) Emilia García Martínez (Geographer) Carlos Misó Esclapés (Sculptor) Daniel Campos López and Eusebio Alegra Paricio (Archaeologists) Developer Albaicín Foundation, Granada City Council //////////////////////////////////////////// Remarkable attributes / Singularities / Specific Values Opposite the hill of the Alhambra and the Generalife, the San Miguel hill frames the last stretch of the Darro Valley, and its Vega. It is a landscape that is very closed and linked to the city, natural and wild at the same time, but converted into a residual, almost marginal space, where all kinds of rubbish and debris accumulated: in the midst of its disorder, the incomplete, fractured remains of the Nasrid wall, with the marked landscape, historical and constructive values. Scope of application / necessity of the project: > The hill: to preserve this landscape, which is necessary for the understanding of the city in the mountainous structure that determines it, by undertaking a conceptual and physical cleaning of its surroundings, as well as the accesses to it. This will prevent it from being developed. > The wall: re-establish the linear continuity of the wall and restore the primitive protection of its interior with the erection of a new wall, a boundary that characterises a landscape associated with the urban periphery with important heritage connotations, to prevent the passage of road traffic although allowing pedestrian communication established over the last century and a half between the two areas of the city separated by the wall. > The construction of this new section of the wall conceals a newly built residential area that distorts the landscape. KEY FEATURES 149 Building contractor Entorno y Vegetación Cost of the project / execution time 1 mill. € from European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Local Operational Programme (2000-2006) Previous studies (Ex. Archaeological, historical, structural, materials, etc.) Intervention to consolidate the walls in the 1950s, by Francisco Prieto- Moreno Pardo (architect). Archaeological work was carried out at the same time as work on the walls and the surrounding area, although several investigations had already been carried out beforehand on the walls, their history and materials. HISTORY OF THE BUILDING/SITE ////////////////////////////////////////// Original use Military HISTORIC USES The wall was built as a means of defending the city. Later, with the absence of invasion threats, the wall lost its function and began its slow and steady deterioration. It is now a tourist attraction in the city. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 14th Century (Developer: Yusuf I) SUMMARY OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES / YEAR OF INTERVENTION > Destruction of 40 meters of the wall by an earthquake (19th century). > Brick walls to consolidate the walls (ca. 1950) by Francisco Prieto-Moreno Pardo (architect). ARCHITECTS / AGENTS Unknown PHYSICAL CONDITION BEFORE RESTORATION / RENOVATION The surroundings, the accesses, and the wall itself were in a high state of abandonment Figure 3. Photomontage of the wall before the intervention Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2005. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Figure 4. View of the breakage of the wall. Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2008. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. and deterioration. The San Miguel hill had become an illegal rubbish dump. The wall was in a high state of abandonment, deteriorated and altered by acts of vandalism. STATUS OF PROTECTION Bien de Interés Cultural (Property of Cultural Interest). Category: Monument (Gaceta de Madrid, 12/07/1922). GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING BEFORE ITS RENOVATION / RESTORATION The wall was built at the beginning of the 14th century. It was built with rammed earth, made of sand, mortar, and lime. Part of the wall has been lost. The adjoining walls were consolidated with brick masonry elements to provide stability and prevent further degradation of the ends of the walls. The area, although it retains a low degree of urbanisation, was very degraded PROJECT DESCRIPTION //////////////////////////////////////////////// DESIGN PROJECT IDEA FOR THE RENOVATION / RESTORATION: - To carry out a reversible intervention, clearly differentiated from the pre-existing construction, and from a contemporary conception, reinterpreting the materiality of the existing wall. - To achieve, from a distant perspective, chromatic nuances similar to those existing in the wall. An integrating proposal from the landscape point of view. - From a close-up view, establish the physical and constructive difference between the old wall and the newly built wall. Reversibility and discernibility characterise the proposed intervention. - Respect the pre-existing construction respecting space between both constructions. Intervention is compatible with the pre-existence as it is physically separated. DESCRIPTION OF THE CHANGES AND ADDITIONS In order to re-establish the linear continuity of the wall and restore the original protection of its interior, a new wall was built on the missing section. Attached to the historic element, it is distanced from it as far as necessary to avoid contact with the Monument and thus guarantee the conservation of the original walls and foundations. A new wall, in the manner of a “dressing”, is attached to the open wound. In a later intervention, a gap was made to allow people to pass from one side of the wall to the other, a route that had been consolidated since the loss of part of the wall in the 19th century. The rubble and rubbish on the hill were replaced by planting of pitas and prickly pear cactus. Figure 5. Section. Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2006. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Figure 6. Wall enclosure wall of the wall opening. Section, elevation and plan. Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2004. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. 151 .BUILDING MATERIALS - Pink Porriño granite slabs for the new wall. - Restoration of the cobblestones in the sections where they existed; soft tamped earth paving in the areas lacking paving and stone steps for the steeper sections. PROJECT IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABILITY Social aspect: It prevents the damaging passage of vehicles through the wall, but allows pedestrian traffic between the area outside the walls and the Intramuros area. Initially, the passage was made in a bend, but later it was made with a direct passage.The accesses to the area were also adapted, facilitating communication and relations between the inhabitants of both parts of the wall. Economic aspect: Public funding Environmental aspect: The compact image of the wall and the Cerro de San Miguel is restored, hiding the presence of a modern urban development from the view of the Alhambra. In addition, vegetation is introduced to recover the idea of a garden in keeping with the Generalife's distant gardens and as a natural backdrop to the Alhambra and the final perspective of the city of Granada itself. SPECIAL METHODS OR TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PROJECT WHICH REFLECT THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN -The works were carried out manually, especially those related to the wall's construction and the subsequent work to open a space for pedestrians to pass through. - A green intervention was carried out in the area next to the stepped path with plantations typical of the area, such as pitas and prickly pears. Figure 8. Openwork wall and maintenance passage. Sections. Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2004. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Figure 7. Photomontage of the intramural elevation. Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2006. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Figure 9. Sunset in Granadar. Author: Jesús Torres, 2006. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. DIGITAL DATA EMPLOYED FOR THE DOCUMENTATION (3D SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, ETC.) No digital data was used. TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW USE The work of building the new wall, as well as the subsequent opening of the opening, was carried out by hand, trying to alter as little as possible the remains of the foundations of the old fallen wall, and the surroundings. DISSEMINATION / PROMOTION ACTIVITIES (WORKSHOPS, CONGRESS, PUBLICATIONS, PRIZES) Prizes: > IV European Price for Urban Public Space (2006). Finalist. > FAD Awards of City and Landscape, Barcelona (2006) > Premio Arquitectura Piedra, Madrid (2006) > X Premio Internazionale Architettura in Pietra, Verona (2007). > The Barbara Cappochin International Architecture Prize. Sustainable urban regeneration / eco-districts. Padua (2007). Honourable Mention. > Premio Mies van der Rohe (2007). Selected. > IX Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (2007). FInalist. > XI Bienal Internacional de Arquitectura. Venezia (2008). Selected. > Premio Andalucía de Arquitectura 08. Constructed work. Congress: > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio (2006). “La muralla nazarí en el alto albaicín”. In 16th International Meeting on Heritage Conservation. València: Universitat Politècnica de València, pp. 149-157. Publications: > Bossi, Laura (2006). ”Muri Andalusi. Intervención en la muralla Nazarí”. Domus, 894, pp. 66-69. > Crespi, Giovanna (2009). “Recupero della muraglia Nazarí a Granada”. Casabella, 774, pp. 62-67. > Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “Visión actual de la intervención en la muralla Nazarí: Albaicín Alto, Granada”. Restauración & Rehabilitación, 101, pp. 42-43. > Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “Rehabilitación Muralla San Miguel Alto”. Neutra, 14, pp. 160-162. > Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2008). “Nasrid Wall, Muralla Nazarí”. A+U Architecture and Urbanism, 456, pp. 110-115. > Gómez Acosta, José Miguel; Calatrava Escobar, Juan (2006). “Muralla Nazarí. Alto Albaicín. Granada”. Documentos de Arquitectura, 61, pp. 24-33. > Jaque, Andrés (2010). “Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas. Muralla Nazarí, Alto Albaicín, Torre del Homenaje y Pósito de Huéscar. Cortijo de las Hermanillas. Viviendas en el Encinar de Monsaraz”. El Croquis, 149, pp. 4-21; 170-199. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio (2006). “Intervención de la muralla nazarí y su entorno (Granada)”. On diseño, 277, pp. 180-191. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio (2006). “Intervención de la muralla nazarí: Albaicín Alto, Granada”. Restauración & Rehabilitación, 101, pp. 34-41. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio and Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “Rehabilitación de la Muralla de San Miguel Alto y entorno”. Detail, 4, pp. 417-419. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio and Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “Rehabilitación de la muralla de San Miguel Alto”. Arquitectura COAM, 344, pp. 94-97. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio and Gómez Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “La muralla de San Miguel Alto”. Alzada, 83, pp. 26-43. > Jiménez Torrecillas, Antonio and Gómez 153 Acosta, José Miguel (2006). “Granito para las heridas abiertas: rehabilitación de la muralla de San Miguel Alto (Granada)”. ROC Máquina: Piedras naturales, maquinaria y equipos, 102, pp. 28-35. > Miguel, Sergio de (2006). “Kö az építészetben. Rehabilitación de la muralla de San Miguel Alto”. Octogon Architecture & Design, 3, p. 29. > Velarde, Isabel (2008). “El Patrimonio de las ciudades: Conservación y Reinvención”. Diseñart Magazine, 29, pp. 16-17. REFERENCES Mérida Gonzaléz, Valentina and Moreno Onorato, Mª Auxiliadora (1990). “Intervención arqueológica de urgencia en el solar situado junto a la Puerta de Fajalauza del Albaicín (Granada)”. Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía, 1987, pp. 223-224. Ontiveros Ortega, Esther and Sebastián Pardo, Eduardo (2008). “Estudio de los materiales de construcción de las murallas del Albayzín (Granada)”. PH Boletín del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 66, pp. 32-47. Vilchez Vilchez, Carlos (1990). “Excavación de urgencia en la muralla nazarí (siglo XIV) de Granada. Septiembre-octubre de 1986”. Anuario Arqueológico de Andalucía, 1987, pp. 245-252. ACADEMIC WORKS / STUDENTS RELATED PROJECTS / PUBLICATIONS López Osorio, José Manuel (2016). “La muralla nazarí del Albaicín de Granada: conocimiento y restauración” (PhD Thesis). València: Universitat Politècnica de València. Ontiveros Ortega, Esther (1995). “Estudio de los materiales empleados en la construcción de los tapiales de las murallas de Granada” (PhD Thesis). Granada: Universidad de Granada. OTHER SIMILAR PROJECTS AS A REFERENCE - Centro José Guerrero, Granada, by Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas (2002). -Torre del Homenaje en Huéscar, Granada by Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas (2002-2003). - Pósito de Huéscar, Granada by Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas (2007/2008). REFERENCE TO WORLDWIDE EXAMPLES Alhambra of Granada (13th / 14th century). Figure 10. Pekin Wall (5th / 16th century). Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2005. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. Figure 11. Gorgoracha Tunnel, Granada (1848). Author: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas, 2005. Source: Antonio Jiménez Torrecillas Studio. course GREECE 02 Maria Doussi Sofoklis Kotsopoulos 257 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Institution Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Type of Institution Academic (Teaching and Research) District Thessaloniki, Greece Department School of Architecture Faculty Faculty of Engineering Study program to which this course belongs Diploma of Architect Engineer - 5-year Integrated M.Arch (300 ECTS) A diagram that illustrates the position of the course in the structure of the study program: The 5-year curriculum leading to the award of the Diploma of Architect Engineer addresses all levels of scale in design practice from regional and urban planning, landscape design, architecture, interior and industrial design to building technology and conservation of buildings and sites. A series of courses on art, theory and history of art and architecture, underpin the design studio courses promoting students’ creativity and critical thinking while underlying the historical, cultural, social and environmental context defining architectural design and practice. The gradual - diagonal throughout the semesters - succession and expansion of specialized subjects, within the curriculum, typically rely on an introductory theoretical course, that lays out basic principles and methodologies, which are further elaborated on through a specialization design studio (within the same or subsequent semester). The specialized themes then go on to form the/or one of the main themes of focus for one or more Extended Design Studios. The spiral reiteration of themes within at least three successive modules that increasingly rely on the understanding and use of specialized methodologies, in design practice, is the main vehicle for teaching. Therein also lies the challenge in maintaining this focus throughout the remaining years of study. Environmental design principles are introduced early on during the studies and are expanded mainly through the second and third year of studies. A parallel approach is followed in teaching cultural heritage culminating in the Extended Design Studio 7: Architectural Design in Historical Context, (part of the 4th –year curriculum of the integrated MArch). Level Undergraduate Year/Semester N/A Extended Design Studio 7: Architectural Design in Historical Context 07EB10 [ Σχεδιασμός 7: Αρχιτεκτονικός σχεδιασμός σε ιστορικό περιβάλλον] UNIVERSITY LEVEL COURSE DETAILS //////////////////////////////////////////// THE COURSE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES IN GENERAL AS WELL AS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE The purpose and objectives of this studio course are: to familiarize students with the Theory of Material Culture and with the critical approach to the cultural tradition, in other words its interpretation, in the way that this tradition is recorded in the cultural heritage, the architectural ensembles and monuments. It seeks to give them skills for planning and designing new interventions in a sensitive historical context, a task entailing increased demands and complexity, while familiarizing them with the multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach to the historical architectural reserve. The design studio has high complexity and demands synthetic skills, aiming to familiarize the students with the very decisive //////////////////////////////////////////// TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE COURSE ADDRESS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND PROMOTE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A BASE FOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL low medium high ECONOMIC low medium high ENVIRONMENTAL low medium high KEY FEATURES Course Type Lecture Studio design Elective or Compulsory Course N/A ECTS 12 ECTS Lectures/week (hours) 1/2 hrs Studios/labs/week 1/8 hrs Academic/ Teaching Personnel Maria Arakadaki, Maria Dousi, Stiliani Lefaki, Sofoklis Kotsopoulos Program of Study Content Design Project COURSE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE Design Studio 7 aims to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for the synthetic/compositional research and experimentations, by design, on the relationship between old and new and on the factors that affect it, such as historicity, time and memory, culture and identity. The studio utilizes a program of high complexity, building upon the cognitive and compositional knowledge/experience from previous Studios and Courses. The studio design course focuses on architectural design issues in a historical environment such as: 1. New architecture in historical context, 2. Interventions and redesign of historic buildings, 3. Additions to historic buildings, 4. Architectural rehabilitation interventions and reuse of historic buildings and complexes, 5. Rehabilitation interventions and promotion of historical sets and sites. 259 phases of the building, the structural system, as well as the pathology of materials are investigated with field research. In the second stage, which lasts about eleven weeks, the students, divided into groups of two or three, study the proposal to restore and reuse the historic building based on the analysis. This stage aims to study and design the appropriate architectural interventions, which aim at both the restoration of the building and its redesign so that it can serve the new use, based on historical and sustainability issues. TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS (DIDACTIC MATERIALS, RESOURCES, SOFTWARE, ETC.) - Albisini Piero, De Carlo Laura, Roma Biagio, Un disegno per il riuso. Metodi di indagine e di progetto per il recupero del patrimonio edilizio nei centri storici minori, Edizioni Kappa, 1984. - Carbonara Giovanni, La reintegrazione dell’immagine. Problemi di restauro dei monumenti, Roma, Bulzoni, 1976. - Cerasi Maurice, La città del Levante: Civiltà urbana e architettura sotto gli Ottomani nei secoli XVIII-XIX, Saggi di architettura, Milano 1988. - Cramer Johannes, Breitling Stefan, Architecture in Existing Fabric, planning, design, building. Birkhaeuser Verlag A.G. Basel, Boston, Berlin 2007. -Dousi Maria, The Architecture and the building systems of the historical iron structures. 18th - 20th century, University Studio Press, 2015. (in Greek) -Feilden Bernard, Conservation of Historic Buildings, Third Edition, 2003 - Johannes Cramer, Stefan Breitling, Architecture in Existing Fabric, Birkhaeuser Verlag, 2007. - Nomikos Michael, Restoration reuse of historical buildings and sets. Methodology and applications, S. Yiachoudi M. Yiachoudi OE, Thessaloniki, 1997. (in Greek) -Nomikos Michael, Restoration-Rehabilitation of Monuments and Historical Buildings in Northern Greece, -Vol I, II-, ERGON IV, 2002. (in Greek) - Plevoets Bie, Van Cleempoel Koenraad, Adaptive Reuse of the Built Heritage. Concepts and Cases of an Emerging Discipline, Routledge, 2019. - Powell Kenneth, Architecture Reborn: The Conservation and Reconstruction of Old Buildings, Random House Incorporated, 1999. - Rogers Merlino Kathryn, Building Reuse: Sustainability, Preservation, and the Value of Design, 2018. role of the architect: that of redesigning and managing the historical environment, which constitutes an especially mportant part of today’s architectural creation. THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN GENERAL (SKILLS, ABILITIES, KNOWLEDGE) WITH REGARD TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE Upon successful completion of this course, students will: i) cultivate their sensitivity in recognizing and reading the environment, the interpretation and post-interpretation of architectural data, ii) be familiar with issues of analysis and evaluation of the historical built environment and have an overall view of this complex field of interventions, their requirements and complexity, iii) be familiar with architectural planning issues, the setting of goals and performance standards for the designed space, iv) be fully aware of the phases of architectural design and of the relationship between architectural composition and construction, v)have practical design experience of integrating new architecture into historically formed complexes in urban or rural environments. These issues aim at restoring historical buildings and integrating new architecture into private and public space, integrating new uses, infrastructures, services, environmental planning and generally all the sectors that shape the contemporary living environment. THE EDUCATIONAL /TEACHING METHODOLOGY (GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PEDAGOGY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USED FOR CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION) Face to face, via groups. The course consists of two parts: Theory/lectures - presentations, which are contained in the textbooks and the teaching notes distributed to students at the beginning of the semester, and Practice / Design Studio. There are two phases in the design process. In the first stage (3 weeks), the group elaborates the architectural analysis and documentation. At this stage, the construction - historical RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COURSE AND THE CURRENT LOCAL NEEDS/REQUIREMENTS OF LABOUR MARKET IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE In order to achieve the fullest possible simulation with professional practice, we have established collaboration with local authorities, which gives us access to historical buildings or sites. Upon completion of the practical work, presentations are organized for the information of the municipal authorities and the residents. TO WHOM IT IS ADDRESSED (TARGET AUDIENCE) 4th year Architecture Students – part of the Diploma of Architect Engineer - 5-year Integrated M.Arch Workload/weekly study hours 10 hours teaching and 10 hours study weekly Language Greek (tutoring in other languages is available for Erasmus Students) Evaluation Methods Project Project Presentation Coursework Grading System Numerical Employment influence evaluation (alumni feedback about employability) Employed in Private Sector Employed in Public Sector Self Employed OBSTACLES, IMPEDIMENTS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARDING TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY OR/ AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THIS COURSE (IF ANY). PLEASE MENTION THEM BRIEFLY Yes, in sustainability The energy performance of historic buildings could be further expanded – elaborated on with specialized lectures, software, etc. PRACTITIONERS/PROFESSIONALS/ EXPERTS INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COURSE Yes Experts provide lectures, guide on the site of restored buildings and sites and participate in the final presentation, upon invitation.Among the experts there are professionals with recognized work, representatives of organizations such as the Ministry of Culture, etc. EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS, VISITORS GUEST LECTURERS, ETC, INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY Yes The framework that supports the employment of teaching staff – lecturers - on a contractural framework allows experts (PhDs and Post-doc researchers) to contribute to the studio courses. There exists a strong presence of Emeritus professors who contribute weekly to the studio. 261 RESULTS The studio topics include buildings or sets of historic interest and memory. The projects take into account the updated scientific methods of analysis, documentation, evaluation and management of historic buildings and sites and are based on an interdisciplinary approach aiming at the design of a complete architectural proposal. Additionally, in the context of the studio course, students’ sensitivity is cultivated in relation to architectural and environmental values of the past and also the ability of interpreting values and standards for creating an effective, interactive and sustainable link between the new buildings and the historical context. Figure 1. Restoration and Reuse of the old train station of Thessaloniki Students:: Athanasia Kloura, Simeon Maniatis, Emmanuela Mirtaki Figure 2. Restoration and Reuse of the old train station of Thessalonik Students: Th. Gountroubis, A. Elefantis, A. Mananas 263 Figure 3. Restoration and Reuse of the old train station of Thessaloniki Students: Vasiliki Botsi, Artemis Papakosta, Despoina Spanou course GREECE 03 Maria Doussi Sofoklis Kotsopoulos 265 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Institution Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Type of Institution Academic (Teaching and Research) District Thessaloniki, Greece Department School of Architecture (host school), Civil Engineering, Rural and Surveying Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, School of Spatial Planning and Development Faculty Faculty of Engineering Study program to which this course belongs Interdepartmental Pogram of Postgraduate Studies “Protection, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Monuments” A diagram that illustrates the position of the course in the structure of the study program: The program includes three semesters. The first two semesters include theoretical courses, as well as the Interdisciplinary Studio course. During the third semester, students attend: lectures and seminars, visits to actual case-studies and elaboration of independent final diploma Thesis.. Level Postgraduate Year/Semester 1st year / 1st and 2nd semester Course Type Lecture Studio design Elective or Compulsory Course Compulsory ECTS 9 ECTS Lectures/week (hours) 1 (2 hours) Studios/labs/week 1 (3 hours) Academic/ Teaching Personnel Coordinator: Michael-Konstantinos Nomikos, Teaching staff: Architects: Alexandra Alexopoulou, Maria Dousi, Stiliani Lefaki, Sofoklis Kotsopoulos. Civil Engineers: Konstantinos Katakalos, Triantaffilos Makarios, Aaron Avdelas, Ioannis Doudoumis, Christos Ignatakis. Rural and Surveying Engineers: Olga Georgoula, Konstantinos Tokmakidis Program of Study Content Design Project Interdisciplinary Studio LCIC [ΕΡΓ1, ΕΡΓ2, Εργαστήριο Διεπιστημονικής Συνεργασίας: Αποκατάσταση, Αναστήλωση και Επανάχρηση Ιστορικών Κτιρίων και Συνόλων] UNIVERSITY LEVEL COURSE DETAILS //////////////////////////////////////////// energy efficient public space, and building structures, iiI) a thorough understanding of the procedures of urban space production and the role of society - users’ participation - and culture in environmental urban planning and design processes, and iv) practical experience of the application of the above concepts in physical planning and design within the context offered by the historic urban fabric. THE EDUCATIONAL /TEACHING METHODOLOGY (GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PEDAGOGY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USED FOR CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION) Face-to-face studio participation, recently via zoom. Teaching is mainly carried out through //////////////////////////////////////////// TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE COURSE ADDRESS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND PROMOTE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A BASE FOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL low medium high ECONOMIC low medium high ENVIRONMENTAL low medium high KEY FEATURES COURSE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE Urban design studio course focuses on multiple scales of the built environment (settlements, building complexes, public and private open urban spaces). The approach regards design principles and tools referring to scales from urban planning to the shaping of city blocks and building volumes, down to the detailed design of street furniture, paving materials, green areas etc of public space. The proposed project can deal either with an existing urban fabric and its rehabilitation or with new urban units and open public spaces emphasizing environmental parameters. THE COURSE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES IN GENERAL AS WELL AS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE The environmental approach is integrated at all levels of the proposed concept for the given site, while considering the role of place, local culture, natural landscape, climate, orientation, environmentally friendly materials, greenery and sustainable urban mobility. The project site is the same for the two semesters of Urban Design I and II. During the first semester, site analysis and the elaboration of the design strategy for the entire given site are completed. During the second semester the actual proposed urban design project is elaborated on and submitted. The design project evolves under evaluation and control, in terms of its environmental performance standards, energy efficiency and sustainable outcome, as evidenced through qualitative and quantitative analysis (software simulation). THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN GENERAL (SKILLS, ABILITIES, KNOWLEDGE) WITH REGARD TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE Upon successful completion of the course, students have: i) a thorough understanding of the function and the design principles of environmentally friendly city forms and, in particular, urban public spaces, ii) sufficient knowledge of fundamental concepts of sustainable urban form/density, mobility, 273 Challenges stem from theoretical approaches that consider cultural heritage as the fourth pillar for sustainable development, of equal importance and interdependence to society, economy, and environment. The context offered by the city of Thessaloniki, a palimpsest spanning more than 2300 years of existence, serves as a further medium in discussing relations between sustainability, resilience and cultural heritage, in the context of the urban design studio. The expertise of the team of tutors covers an array of approaches that exemplify the implications of culture in the context of sustainable urban design while invited speakers provide specialized introductions to the historic background of the city. A further challenge stems from the interdisciplinarity of students, which can be a hindrance in creating a uniform perspective but also enables a deeper understanding of varying parameters of environmental design. PRACTITIONERS/PROFESSIONALS/ EXPERTS INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COURSE Yes Professional architects and engineers with expertise in environmental design, history and/ or theory are occasionally invited to give lectures and/or contribute to crits and studio participation. EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS, VISITORS GUEST LECTURERS, ETC, INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY Yes The framework that supports the employment of teaching staff – lecturers - on a contractual framework allows for experts (PhDs, Post-doc researchers, and professors at schools of Engineering) as well as experienced practitioners to contribute to the studio courses frequently. There exists a strong presence of Emeritus professors who contribute weekly to the studio. short lecturesand crits throughout the development of student projects within the studio. The course encourages creative and innovative thinking in the design process integrating advanced interpretations of taught material and methods in the proposed projects within the framework of sustainable urban design and planning, built heritage aspects, and urban resilience. The application of environmental performance assessment tools and intermediate presentations are also critical phases in the progress of the student projects. TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS (DIDACTIC MATERIALS, RESOURCES, SOFTWARE, ETC.) - Ritchie A. and Randall T. (edited by), (2009), Sustainable Urban Design, An Environmental Approach, London: Taylor and Francis - Landscape Architecture Europe Foundation Wageningen (edited by): On Site, Birkhauser, 2009 - Α. Sanchez Vidiella: The Sourcebook Of Contemporary Landscape Design, Collins/Loft, 2008 - A. Zimmermann (ed.): Constructing Landscape, Birkhauser, 2008 - L. Margolis, A. Robinson: Living Systems, Innovative materials and Technologies for Landscape Architecture, Birkhauser, 2007 - Douglas Farr, Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature, John Wiley &Sons, 2008 - Michael Larice, Elizabeth MacDonald (edited by): The Urban Design Reader, Routledge, 2007 - Kim Tanzer, Rafael Langoria (edited by): The Green Braid, Routledge, 2007 During the first and second semesters, students are familiarized with online tools for environmental analysis, GIS mapping, etc. During the second semester, students receive tutorials –seminars- and have access to the Envi-Met software, used for finetuning the microclimatic response of their design proposal and for its final evaluation – presentation. OBSTACLES, IMPEDIMENTS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARDING TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY OR/ AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THIS COURSE (IF ANY). PLEASE MENTION THEM BRIEFLY Yes, both in sustainability and heritage Employment influence evaluation (alumni feedback about employability) Employed in Private Sector Employed in Public Sector Self Employed RESULTS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COURSE AND THE CURRENT LOCAL NEEDS/ REQUIREMENTS OF LABOUR MARKET IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE There is a close relationship between this course and the current local needs of the labor market, in the field of environmental urban planning and design. More specifically, this course helps students acquire theoretical and practical knowledge to fulfil the current local and international needs for sustainable urban design in the context of historic urban centers. The demand for such approaches in the local context has seen a rapid rise during the last few years and is currently becoming the norm in the process of public procurement of plans, projects, and works (architectural and urban design competitions). TO WHOM IT IS ADDRESSED (TARGET AUDIENCE) Holders of degrees of Higher Institutions, and particularly graduates of Departments and Schools of Architectural Engineering or graduates of other higher education Schools and Departments related to architecture or the built and natural environment (engineering, spatial planning, environmental engineering, landscape design). Workload/weekly study hours 4 hours at the studio and 8-12 hours study/design work weekly Language Greek Evaluation Methods Project Project Presentation Grading System Numerical Figure 1. Urban Design Studio 2019-20 Environmental Masterplan and Urban Design Interventions at the Historic Waterfront of the Allatini Complex(kkkk). Student project presentation – site analysis Students: Stavros Antoniou, Christina Maroudi, Ioanna Zacharaki 275 Figure 2. Urban Design Studio 2019-20 Environmental Masterplan and Urban Design Interventions at the Historic Waterfront of the Allatini Complex (kkkk), a) Plates 3,4 of student project presentation – environmental & conservation / intervention strategy, detailed proposal, b) Plates 6,7 of student project presentation – detailed proposal analysis and simulation Students: Stavros Antoniou, Christina Maroudi, Ioanna Zacharaki course SPAIN José Peral 01 277 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Institution University of Seville Type of Institution Higher Education Institution City Seville Department Architectural History, Theory and Composition Faculty Higher School of Architecture Study program to which this course belongs Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura Level Undergraduate Year/Semester 5th year / 2nd semester (10th Semester) Course Type Lecture Theoretical project Practical work Elective or Compulsory Course Elective ECTS 6 A diagram that illustrates the position of the course in the structure of the study program: Landscape, City and Architecture in Andalusia 2330051 [Paisaje, Ciudad y Arquitectura en Andalucía] UNIVERSITY LEVEL COURSE DETAILS //////////////////////////////////////////// cultural heritage making greater use of new technologies. Finally, to explore heritage as a source of knowledge, inspiration and creativity, developing theoretical models to make heritage more accessible. THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN GENERAL (SKILLS, ABILITIES, KNOWLEDGE) WITH REGARD TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE To know the general lines of the architectural evolution of Andalusia and its landscape as image and shape of their territory and cities. Based on traditional techniques and the use of new technologies, developing the basis for the formulation of alternative models to historiographic and heritage management definitions. These models are based on qualified //////////////////////////////////////////// TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE COURSE ADDRESS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND PROMOTE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A BASE FOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL low medium high ECONOMIC low medium high ENVIRONMENTAL low medium high KEY FEATURES Lectures/week (hours) 2 Studios/labs/week 2 Academic/ Teaching Personnel Jose Peral, Associate Professor Program of Study Content Design Project Written Thesis COURSE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE The contents are considered transversal from the theoretical and historiographic framework with regard to the management of heritage issues in Andalusia and their relationship with architecture. From the History of Architecture, the role of the different recognized chronologies is exposed and those timelines allow to structure the course. There is special attention to the use and appropriation of the past and to the relationship between continuity and transformation. The characterization of the landscape, on different scales, is based on architectural and urban developments throughout history and as a specific manifestation of culture. In Andalusia, the southern European region and bridge between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, many of these cultural landscapes are considered to entail valuable cultural heritage. THE COURSE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES IN GENERAL AS WELL AS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE The main objective is to focus on the importance of cultural heritage on sustainable economic and territorial development. It is considered a good practice to use the cultural heritage as a means of giving the region a distinctive character and making it more attractive and better known. A specific objective is to protect, restore and enhance 279 of the different fields of knowledge. Students use tools such as extended, virtual, and 3D reality, super-expandable images, and digital objects made in Fab Lab (hybrid products) for their final models. OBSTACLES, IMPEDIMENTS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARDING TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY OR/ AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THIS COURSE (IF ANY). PLEASE MENTION THEM BRIEFLY Yes, both in sustainability and heritage The proposed territorial scale usually generates some confusion and resistance in the initial stage of the exercise, creating moments of confusion in the students, a fact which usually disappears as soon as the dynamics of the face-to-face (when possible) classes are advanced. On the other hand, designing and making conceptual models is a challenge for students who are not used to handling theoretical and practical concepts in the same support. PRACTITIONERS/PROFESSIONALS/ EXPERTS INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COURSE Yes The staff of the center of Audiovisual Resource of University; The staff of the Fab Lab / University of Seville. EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS, VISITORS GUEST LECTURERS, ETC, INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY Yes Sometimes the local technicians have been involved in explaining the resources and especially the social components of the population. elements with an urban dimension. The most important is to articulate factors from the landscape and urban areas aimed at enhancing the contribution of the architecture as a factor of development and innovation for the territory of Andalusia. THE EDUCATIONAL /TEACHING METHODOLOGY (GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PEDAGOGY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USED FOR CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION) Students are organized into mixed groups, with Spaniards and foreigners, the latter making up half of the class. In order to offer a historical and architectural context to the students, and specifically to the foreigners, in the first two hours, a few general lines are provided about Andalusian architectural and territorial culture: Mezquita de Córdoba, Itálica, Parque de Doñana… The second part, 2 hours, goes to practical work on an area of the great heritage value of Andalusia. Teamwork seeks the involvement of students to achieve high quality results. The methods used are Flipped Learning, and Problem Based Learning and the work is divided into two phases. The first phase is based on observation, and it aims to identify and analyze the heritage values on graphic supports (see results). The second one seeks to generate a real or virtual model as a proposal around the values chosen by each student group. TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS (DIDACTIC MATERIALS, RESOURCES, SOFTWARE, ETC.) The first part of the class is taught with image and video presentations with special attention to historical cartography. For the second part, two visits are made to the territory to be analyzed; the first with the teacher and the second one by each group individually, in order to contrast the identification of heritage values in the middle of the identification and analysis process. This last visit is without the teacher because one of the objectives to be achieved is that the student learns to search, analyze and use the information obtained, facilitating the integration RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COURSE AND THE CURRENT LOCAL NEEDS/ REQUIREMENTS OF LABOUR MARKET IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE The possibility of a relationship depends on the territorial topic the course works on each year. For example, in the 2016-2017 academic year, the topic to be studied were small towns in the Andalusian hinterland: a rural landscape in which proposals were made for abandoned cereal warehouses. To achieve this objective, the communication of the final proposal is essential, and for this reason, there is a lot of influence on new technologies and the accessibility of resources. TO WHOM IT IS ADDRESSED (TARGET AUDIENCE) The last course of the five-year Program Workload/weekly study hours 4 hours Language English and Spanish Evaluation Methods Project Project Presentation Coursework Grading System Numerical Employment influence evaluation (alumni feedback about employability) Employed in Private Sector Employed in Public Sector Self Employed RESULTS According to the course approach, the study site covers three scales: Urban scale, Intermediate scale, and Territory scale. These are representative examples of three different academic years. The models are accompanied by a text explaining the objective, methodology, and creative process in order to achieve heritage characterization as the final result of the project. Figure 1. Urban Scale: The proposed itinerary has its limits on two convent foundations on both sides of the Guadalquivir River; San Jacinto on the right bank, and La Magdalena, in the historic city. Academic year: 2015-2016. Students: C. Girón Velázquez, G. Guisado, Fco J. Guillén, B. Lacchini. Results: A cubic model and cross-sections of the area of study is compared with other cultural heritage units. 281 Figure 2: Intermediate Scale: the selected area covers a space that belongs to the metropolitan área of Seville, from the statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus to the Royal Alcazar in the historic city. Academic year: 2018-2019. Students: J. M. Aguilar, B. Borrero, J. Expósito, C. Navas, A. Torres - G.n Berloni, G. Rincón, J. A. Ruciero, M. A. Sastre, E. Serrano. Results: A model with cross-sections and another one made with historic layers. Figure 3. Territorial scale. Small towns in the Andalusian hinterland: a rural landscape. Academic year: 2016-2017. Students: M. Berges, M. Hubin, B. Martínez-Alcalá, J. Mora, D. Pérez - R. Moyano, J. R. Blesa, P. Valcárcel - N. García, M. Martínez, M. I. Romero, Á. Rosa, C. Sánchez, C. Vicente. Results: The incorporation of a social analysis to the territory results in a different model. course SPAIN Mar Loren-Méndez 03 289 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Institution University of Seville Type of Institution Higher Education Institution City Seville Department Architectural History, Theory and Composition Faculty Higher School of Architecture Study program to which this course belongs Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura Level Undergraduate Year/Semester 5th year / 1st semester (9th Semester) Course Type Lecture Theoretical project Practical work Elective or Compulsory Course Compulsory ECTS 6 Lectures/week (hours) 2 Studios/labs/week 2 Academic/ Teaching Personnel Mar Loren-Méndez, Full Professor Program of Study Content Design Project Written Thesis Architectural History, Theory and Composition 4: City 2330050 [Historia, Teoría y Composición Arquitectónicas 4: Ciudad] UNIVERSITY LEVEL COURSE DETAILS //////////////////////////////////////////// A diagram that illustrates the position of the course in the structure of the study program: THE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN GENERAL (SKILLS, ABILITIES, KNOWLEDGE) WITH REGARD TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 1.To know the history and genealogy of the different urban theories based on sustainability, 2. To develop an interdisciplinary, complex approach to the city and the territory, integrating the various disciplines with architecture 3. To apply international urban strategies locally 4. To work with heritage as a key source for sustainable urban development. 5. In a constantly reformulated field such as heritage studies, creativity allows the student to adapt to emergent heritage and sustainable theories constantly. //////////////////////////////////////////// TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THE COURSE ADDRESS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND PROMOTE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A BASE FOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL low medium high ECONOMIC low medium high ENVIRONMENTAL low medium high KEY FEATURES COURSE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE The course focuses on critical interdisciplinary knowledge and practice of the contemporary city in the international context, its history, and present. The contemporary city is studied in three periods that witnessed an urban breakthrough, ranging from the birth of the modern city in the second half of the 19th century until the present. Each period offers a historical approach to the city, within the complex and interdisciplinary framework of geopolitical, economic, technological and social transformations; followed by monographic studies of certain cities. Sustainable alternative approaches to the development of the city and the territory are traced in each period and put in dialogue with the predominant historical trends. The practicum is developed in the second part of the class. The first half of the semester is focused on international case studies of theories for the sustainable intervention of the city. The second part is centered in urban heritage local case studies as the framework for creative urban regeneration of the city. THE COURSE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES IN GENERAL AS WELL AS IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 1.To address architectural history and criticism of the contemporary city as a cultural manifestation, within the complex and interdisciplinary framework of geopolitical, economic, technological, and social transformations (Cultural complexity and interdisciplinarity); 2. To approach the city as a territorial phenomenon, while being able to integrate the architectural and urban scale (multiscalar condition of the city) 3. To develop a critical understanding of the urban theories based on sustainability and being able to apply them (Contemporary city through sustainable urban development) 4. To address urban and architectural heritage assessment and intervention as a key factor for sustainable urban development (Heritage for urban regeneration) 5. To integrate creativity with scientific methods in all the phases – from documentation and historical research to values assessment and design strategies. 291 aspects of the contemporary city – photos, cartographies, diagrams, bibliography – are complemented with images to depict the interdisciplinary account of the city as a cultural manifestation – graphical documentation from geographers, historians and anthropologists, among others. For the international case studies on sustainable urban intervention theories, bibliographical references are provided. For their conceptual participatory artifacts students use any type of media, such as digital fabrication. Regarding the heritage characterization and creative strategies, the students are provided with specific bibliography on creativity and creative cities, as well as bibliography on each heritage case study. Design software and video editing software to work on their proposals. OBSTACLES, IMPEDIMENTS, PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARDING TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY OR/ AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THIS COURSE (IF ANY). PLEASE MENTION THEM BRIEFLY Yes, both in sustainability and heritage In the first practical activity, the students are not used to develop a learning activity for the rest of the students, conduct the class and make the other students be active by presenting their own proposals. On top of that they are not used to gamification as a learning method. Finally, the difficulty in overturning urban theory and practicing in an architectural, urban artifact that allows testing the acquired knowledge is a real challenge and it becomes a fertile field for healthy competition. In the second one, the proposal of creative regeneration projects is also a new design challenge, in contrast with more traditional design projects. The development of conceptual mapping and videos are also challenges for the students. THE EDUCATIONAL /TEACHING METHODOLOGY (GENERAL PRINCIPLES, PEDAGOGY AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USED FOR CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION) General principles A) From the teaching to learning perspective: the program is rooted in the central role of the student, proposing a classroom strategy driven by intensive participation and based on a symmetrical dialogue student/teacher. B) Critical and autonomous development of the student C) Creativity and integrity of the architectural design process: documentation and historical research, to values assessment and sustainable regeneration strategies. The method integrates training activities both theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is based on lectures. The students themselves offer the closing lecture. Two practical activities are proposed. The students are organized into teams of 3-4 students. The method is based on the problem based learning, based on case studies. The pedagogy integrates workshops (preparation in dialogue studentprofessor) and expository-participatory activities, developed and coordinated by the students themselves. 1. International case studies on sustainable urban intervention theories. Each team works on one author and its architectural and urban proposal for sustainable development. The method combines the case study method with gamification for team learning and self-evaluation. Each team designs a participatory creative action in order to assure and evaluate the learning process 2. Local urban heritage case studies. All the teams work on an architectural, urban heritage case study of a local city, such as Seville. Each team develops a documentary research and heritage characterization, which leads to the design of creative strategies for the regeneration of the city. TEACHING/LEARNING MATERIALS (DIDACTIC MATERIALS, RESOURCES, SOFTWARE, ETC.) In the theoretical part of the course, images to illustrate the architectural and urban PRACTITIONERS/PROFESSIONALS/ EXPERTS INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COURSE Yes In order to develop the referred intensive participation, the symmetrical dialogue student/teacher other generations of students, ranging from the students of the previous year to those who are already architects or collaborators or assistants. They serve as a generational bridge that facilites the learning process. The previous generation is in charge of presenting their experience from the process and methods. Collaborators and honorary assistants are involved in conducting the debates and giving feedback during the workshops. EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS, VISITORS GUEST LECTURERS, ETC, INVOLVED IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS? IF YES, PLEASE MENTION THEIR EXPERTISE AND THEIR ROLE TO THE PROGRAM OF STUDY Yes Those generations who are already architects are in charge of participating and co-organizing the final session of both practical activities. This normally takes place outside the school, in their architectural studios. Some academic years we have had an opening and close lecture by national and international experts. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COURSE AND THE CURRENT LOCAL NEEDS/ REQUIREMENTS OF LABOUR MARKET IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN DESIGN IN RELATION TO SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE The relationship between the course and the local reality is assured with the local urban heritage case studies as the framework for both practical activities. Creative cities and tactic urbanism constitute an essential way to address the urban regeneration of the city in a sustainable way. For example, the last two years, we have worked on the architectural heritage of Seville as the support for these proposals: Seville is declared a creative city by UNESCO in 2006 in the category of music, with Flamenco Biennale as the event of reference. The course becomes a project in collaboration with the owners of the architectural heritage and the municipal office of Sustainability and Urban Innovation. The projects have been exhibited, the experience of former students explained in online interviews. New technologies are essential to maximize accessibility of all this information. TO WHOM IT IS ADDRESSED (TARGET AUDIENCE) The last course of the five-year Program Workload/weekly study hours 4 hours Language English and Spanish Evaluation Methods Written Exam Project Project Presentation Coursework Grading System Verbal Numerical Employment influence evaluation (alumni feedback about employability) Employed in Private Sector Employed in Public Sector Self Employed RESULTS 293 Figure 1. International case studies on sustainable urban intervention theories. The slide shows the learning participatory activity designed and coordinated by a students team. In the format of a game, the team presents Michael Hough’s theories and sustainable urban strategies: Michael Hough, Cities and Natural Process (London: New York Routledge, 1995). The image shows both the questions kit and the conceptual model of the city of Sevilla in order to apply the sustainable strategies in the city of Seville. Academic year: 2019-2020. Students: Muñoz Toledo, Erika Cecilia; Ramírez Ruiz, Carlos; Villegas Lobato, José Antononio. irst semester. Professor, Mar Loren-Méndez. Guest professor, Daniel Pinzón-Ayala, Honorary Assistants: Roberto Alonso-Jiménez and María Alvarez de los Corrales. Academic year: 2018-2019 first semester. Students: Cárdenas Domínguez, Manuel J.; Cumplido Rodríguez, Celia; Huertas Berro, Antonio; Ruano Herrera, Elena. Professor, Mar Loren-Méndez. Collaborators: Guest professor, Daniel Pinzón-Ayala; Honorary Assistant: Roberto Alonso-Jiménez; Architect: Pedro Garcia Agenjo; Student: Maria Alvarez de los Corrales. Figure 2. Local urban heritage case studies. The slide shows the case study of Seville port, entitled The heartbeat of the port. The slide shows part of material produced within the process of research and documentation and heritage characterization. Finally, the creative interpretation and creative strategies for its regeneration are developed in the video. QR Code. 295 Figure 3. Local urban heritage case studies. The slide shows the case study of Social housing neighoourhood San Pablo, in the periphery of Seville. The slide shows part of material produced within the process of research and documentation and heritage characterization. Finally, the creative interpretation and creative strategies for its regeneration are developed in the video. QR Code. Academic year: 2017-2018 first semester. Students: Boccardi, Olivia; Fernández Espínola, José Fernando; Múñoz Moyano, Víctor; Quesada Cano, Fernando; Rojas Bejarano, Julia; Silvia Collado, Daniel. Professor, Mar Loren- Méndez. Collaborators: Architect: Carmen Fernández; Students: Roberto Alonso-Jiménez. Academic year: 2018-2019 first semester. Students: Iglesias Sánchez, Ulises; Rincón Panadero, Gabriel; Ruciero Velo, José Agustín; Sastre Uyá, Miguel Angel; Serrano Martín, Enrique. Professor, Mar Loren-Méndez. Collaborators: Guest professor, Daniel Pinzón-Ayala; Honorary Assistant: Roberto Alonso-Jiménez; Architect: Pedro Garcia Agenjo; Student: Maria Alvarez de los Corrales. Figure 4. Local urban heritage case studies. The slide shows the case study of the ancient Pottery complex Montalvan, rehabilitation as Triana Montalvan Hotel and Restaurant, in the historic neighbourhood of Triana, Seville. The slide shows part of material produced within the process of research and documentation and heritage characterization. course SPAIN Mar Loren-Méndez 04 297 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Institution University of Seville Type of Institution Higher Education Institution City Seville Department Architectural Projects (Architectural Studio) Faculty Higher School of Architecture Study program to which this course belongs Grado en Fundamentos de Arquitectura Level Undergraduate Year/Semester 5th year / 1st semester (9th Semester) Course Type Lecture Studio design Theoretical project Elective or Compulsory Course Elective ECTS 6 A diagram that illustrates the position of the course in the structure of the study program: Architecture and Heritage 2330042 [Arquitectura y Patrimonio] UNIVERSITY LEVEL COURSE DETAILS //////////////////////////////////////////// report SERBIA Jelena Ristić Trajković Aleksandra Đorđević Bojana Zeković 305 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Report - Serbia Influence of national policies on the sustainability of heritage from the architectural and urban design perspective and (2) mechanisms for financing the revitalization and funding in general (a national budget that decreases in time)). The abovementioned problems were identified as main causes for continuous and evident devastation of cultural heritage. Additional problems are perceived in unbalanced and fragmented spatial interventions, often illegal, affecting the loss of unique spatial patterns and relations. The Strategy defines two key actions, that are in focus of HERSUS project research: - 1.Improved and balanced quality of coherence and accessibility of urban space – described in detail in segment 2.2. regarding cultural heritage and culture, suggesting the actions to (1) provide active protection with the need for developing guidelines for the type of activities, (2) revitalization and reconstruction of buildings and areas outside of listed ones (traditional types, vernacular architecture, industrial complexes, post World War II architecture), (3) Protection of cultural diversity, landscape, and cultural tourism, (4) Digitalization and mapping of cultural, urban and architectural heritage, (5) renewal of cultural infrastructure, and (6) providing support for cultural activities. - 2. Urban development governance, primarily actions regarding (1) support for developing partnership and networks of all governance levels and universities, institutes, research and development, and international organizations aiming to improve quality of work and increase innovation in the governance sector, and (2) permanent education and training in the field of urban development governance, planning evaluation and implementation, participation, feasibility studies, impact assessment, land and infrastructure governance, housing, hazards, protection, and planning and promotion of cultural and built heritage. When discussing urban policies that tackle the question of sustainability in relation to urban heritage, it is crucial to highlight identified duality. On the one hand - Serbia follows the contemporary paradigms and perspectives concerning sustainability in planning and urban development, as evidenced by the publication of specific strategic documents [1], planning laws [2, 3, 4] and chapters in planning documents [5]. On the other hand, laws in the heritage domain are often obsolete, since the current Law dates from 1995 with a minimal change adopted in 2011 [6]. Consequently, in recent years, efforts have been made to identify various problematic segments of this law that partially disable the sustainability of heritage but also neglects specific types of heritage. These endeavours can be followed in the draft documents produced in the sector of culture [7] and specifically by departments related to the heritage [8, 9], which have not yet been adopted. LAWS AND STRATEGIES IN PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT In the domain of strategic and planning documents, the Strategy of sustainable urban development [1] was adopted for the first time in the Republic of Serbia in 2019. The Strategy greatly refers to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), defined with in UN Agenda 2030, including the goal 11.4 that refers to the protection of world’s cultural and natural heritage, emphasizing that, in 2015, Serbia appointed specific Action group to be in charge of the implementation of the agenda. The review of current state concerned with heritage in national and sectoral policies testifies about the lack of (1) representation (regarding lack of guidelines, evaluation and research methods, recognition of various urban heritage types (industrial, vernacular, modernistic, intangible)), the regulatory framework dating back to 1994, and problems arising from UNESCO protection, spatial organization problems (heavy traffic in the surrounding of cultural heritage, illegal construction), organizational and ownership problems, arising as a result of the state of transition. Despite that, the diversity and quality of cultural heritage (dating from prehistory to modern time) and cultural-historic units are recognized as a potential generator of cultural, touristic, and economic activities. Strategic reflection on heritage in the context of sustainability, but also the first effects of the implementation of the aforementioned strategies and laws are certainly most visible in the recently adopted Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2021 to 2035 – Conceptual approach to spatial development for early public insight [5]. The plan pinpoints the effort evident in spatial and urban planning documents devoted to promoting an integrative approach to the protection and sustainable use of cultural heritage, which cannot be fully achieved due to an inconsistent legal and institutional framework. It has been noted that the current Law on cultural heritage from 1994 is not in compliance with the international guidelines (such as UNESCO guideline about Historical urban landscape from 2011); hence it doesn’t recognize the cultural landscape and urban landscape (townscape). Additional problems identified in the current state concern lack of research for identifying built and urban heritage without institutional protection, re-examining limits of existing listed assets, protecting historical urban units, uncoordinated processes, and ranges of heritage records in different regions, uncoordinated governance, and management processes. The plan follows the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent, 12th Session of the European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning (CEMAT) from 2000, thus including the principle of increasing fundus of cultural heritage as a development factor. Within the Segment titled Protection of heritage and environment, general goal is to protect and sustainably use, develop, and The Law on planning system (Official gazette of RS, 30/18) defines principles of governing urban policies, recognizing the financial sustainability and sustainable development and growth, implying that when drafting and implementing planning documents, the requirements that need to be taken into account should be concerned with: environmental protection, mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting to climate change, preventing overuse of natural resources, increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources, reducing emissions with the greenhouse effect, protecting specific vulnerable categories, gender equality, as well as the fight against poverty. It can be perceived that aspect of built environment and heritage, in its broadest sense, is not mentioned or taken into account when thinking about sustainable development and growth. The Law on Planning and Construction [4] outlines Sustainable development through an integrated approach in planning as the first principle of spatial development and use, while the fifth principle proclaims a commitment to the protection and sustainable use of natural resources and tangible cultural assets. The conditions and protection measures are defined within building rules that are an integral part of all planning documents. The Law on the Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2010 to 2020 [2] highlights that cultural heritage is not recognized as a development resource, while heritage protection is still treated in a sectoral manner, emphasizing the absence of a national strategy, the obsolescence of 307 and cultural goods of exceptional importance by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. The technical protection measures are of particular importance for the sustainable use of heritage, since in practice they are elements that can cause a problem, both in the domain of excessive restrictiveness and in inertia and slowness in issuing conditions, which leads to the degradation of heritage. It is worth mentioning, that aside individual methodologies, Institutes are lacking to define substantial elements for the argumentation on the basis of which technical protection measures are issued (professional studies, an excerpt from archival documents, etc.). LAWS AND STRATEGIES REGARDING TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF HERITAGE PROTECTION Most important technical aspects regarding heritage protection and sustainability are related to contemporary standards of achieving sustainable use of natural resources, most important being those related to energy efficiency in buildings. These standards are predominantly being made having in mind new construction, but are also very important in refurbishment of existing buildings, some of which fall under heritage protection regimes. The Law on Planning and Construction [4] and the Law on the efficient use of energy [10] make the base for the implementation of measures of energy efficiency in buildings, new ones, as well as the ones being refurbished. As the Serbian building stock, similar to most of the Europe’s building stock is predominantly consisting of old buildings, it can be regarded as a significant resource for achieving quality in built environment and architectural features through its refurbishment. Most of these buildings are not under any heritage protections regimes, which makes the issue of their refurbishment even more prone to inadequate solutions, so the need for professionals in the field of architecture and urban planning specialized for the issues of building refurbishment is emphasized, making it of direct interest of HERSUS project. promote cultural heritage as a sustainable development resource and protect national, regional, urban, and rural identity. The plan also defines specific goal regarding Protection, development, and sustainable use of landscapes (urban, rural and natural) as well as the protecting and improvement of the landscape character (on the national, regional, and local level). The plan makes a step forward in the field protection and sustainable use and development of landscape, basing the general conception on (1) preservation of the landscape pattern based on land use (agricultural, forest, water, construction), the ratio of built and unbuilt space, regulation of development following the character of the landscape (construction tradition and traditional forms of land use) in natural, rural and urban landscapes, (2) improvement of existing and creation of new values in which the landscape value has given special importance for development (tourist, recreational, cultural areas) and/ or represent parts of international networks and border areas, (3) connecting landscape values in space (cultural trails, green infrastructure, ecological networks) which promote the natural and cultural values of heritage, and (4) revitalization, restoration and creation of new values in areas that are endangered and degraded. LAWS AND STRATEGIES IN HERITAGE PROTECTION The only valid law that directly treats the protection of heritage is the Law on Cultural goods (“Official Gazette of RS”, No. 48/95), tangible cultural goods are cultural monuments, spatial cultural-historical units, archeological sites and famous places. Depending on their importance, cultural goods are classified into cultural goods, cultural goods of great importance, and cultural goods of exceptional importance. This Law defines general procedures, while specific conditions for undertaking technical protection measures and other works on tangible cultural goods and cultural goods of great importance, are determined by the competent institute for the protection of cultural monuments, The state in the housing building stock is similar to the state of public buildings, from the aspect of poor energy performance and various architectural features in buildings, according to latest research [15, 16, 17, 18]. Management of public buildings and their refurbishment is however completely different than in housing sector. The issue of building refurbishment is expected to be further defined in the Long-term Strategy for incitement of investment in building refurbishment of Republic of Serbia, which is under preparation. This Strategy is expected to define the sustainable path for building refurbishment, both housing and public buildings, in terms of expected levels of refurbishment, energy savings and financial instruments. ANNEX In recent years, three draft documents were prepared but have not been put in force till today. Nevertheless, since they propose fundamental changes in the field of heritage protection, they will be presented briefly. The first one is the draft document of the Strategy for the development of culture [7]. In the domain of heritage, the Strategy identifies problems of decentralization of jurisdiction, lack of financial obligations, lack of hierarchical coordination and communication, lack of accurate data, field work analysis, and low level of human resources, especially in archeology and architecture. The strategy identifies the need for continuous training and capacity-building activities, mainly lacking due to financial resources, and the need to find alternative ways of funding. The Law on Planning and Construction, and related bylaws (Rulebook on energy efficiency [11] and Rulebook on the conditions, content and manner of issuing building energy performance certificates [12] define the energy performance certificate for buildings, and related infrastructure for its implementation (training and licencing of engineers, database of issued certificates, technical details (models for calculations etc.)). Buildings are graded by achieved energy class into 8 categories (from “A+” to “G”, later being the worst). Minimum energy class that a new building needs to achieve is “C”. For buildings undergoing refurbishment, energy class after refurbishment needs to be improved for at least one energy class compared to the state before refurbishment. Buildings excluded from these obligations are buildings that are under certain levels of heritage protection regimes, where energy efficiency measures would confront to heritage protection measures. For each of these cases, all technical solutions need to be approved by the Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. In housing building stock Law on housing and building maintenance [13] brought significant changes in management of this significant part of building stock. Not only that housing building stock accounts for the largest number of buildings, but also the architectural features of these buildings vary significantly, from those under heritage protection regimes to those without status of protection but of significant architectural value, all of which are in very poor condition regarding energy performance [14]. Issue of their refurbishment has waited for too long to be an easy one, in most cases. This law has made sustainable development of housing as one of its main principles, which is defined as improvement of conditions of housing for citizens and preservation and upgrade of housing building stock quality with improvement of its energy efficiency, decrease of negative influences on environment and rational use of resources, that is, harmonizing economical and social development with environmental issues in development of housing sector. It defines models of management of buildings used for housing, predominantly collective housing, their refurbishment implementation and financing. 309 their architectural surrounding, vernacular buildings, other immovable buildings, part of building and unit with properties related to a particular environment, work of monumental and decorative painting, sculpture, applied arts and technical culture, urban or rural settlement or its part with associated infrastructure, a group of buildings that are not necessarily spatially connected, but have collective architectural coherence or cultural, historical, archaeological, artistic, scientific, social, functional or technical uniformity, as well as a site that is a product of a unique natural and human activities, partially built, and has a prominent historical, archaeological, artistic, anthropological, scientific, social, cultural, technical or industrial significance. Additionally, this Law recognizes the sustainability on a greater scale, hence including it as one of five main goals (“sustainable development of cultural heritage through management and use in the service of satisfying the cultural, scientific and educational needs of the individual and society and improving the overall quality of life”) but also within the basic principles (“cultural heritage protection is a process that meets current needs, without compromising the rights of future generations to meet their needs and is based on economic development, social balance and environmental protection”). Law on the activity of Protection of Tangible Cultural Goods - DRAFT version This law regulates the system of protection of immovable cultural goods, their significance, types, manner of establishing protection and protection measures, rights and obligations of owners and users of immovable cultural goods, manner and conditions of performing activities of protection of immovable cultural goods, financing protection of immovable cultural goods, as well as other issues of importance for the preservation of immovable cultural property, as part of the cultural heritage. One of the purposes of protection is defined as ensuring the sustainable use of immovable cultural property in accordance with their traditional or new appropriate purposes for human development and quality of life; Within the type of immovable cultural property, a In the domain of heritage, the most attention is paid to the institutional and regulatory framework due to the years of neglect of this topic in society and politics. The strategy expresses the aim to create conditions for the formation of a stable and reliable normative framework for adequate care for cultural heritage, its recognition, research, evaluation, protection, presentation, interpretation, and inclusion in modern life. Under this action, the strategy proposes adopting several laws such as Law on cultural heritage, Law on the protection of tangible cultural goods, Law on Museum Activity. Under this goal, additional activities concern the need for reorganization of governance and expert positions in the service of protection of cultural goods, standardization of the process of preservation and conservation, as well as the adoption of management plans for tangible cultural heritage, especially for monuments from the UNESCO World Heritage List. The special activity refers to the formation of a network of institutions for the protection of cultural heritage, as a system of communication, professional exchange, and coordination of activities, in order to systematically improve this area. The strategy also emphasizes the need to interconnect and strengthen cooperation between culture and education and science, recognizing the need to create additional programs in higher education in field of culture and importance of scientifically and evidence-based research for the creation of new policies in the domain of culture. The draft version of the Law on Cultural Heritage [9] commences on criticizing the current Law on Cultural goods [6], indicating its obsolescence concerning the changed constitution, excessiveness, complexity, and inapplicability. The most significant changes proposed by this Law relate to the introduction of the category of cultural goods in danger, the establishment of Commissions for cultural goods of great importance for the Republic of Serbia and cultural goods from the UNESCO list, but also the establishment of the inspection for protection of cultural heritage. In addition, the meaning of tangible heritage has been extended to - architectural object as well as [8] Ministry of Culture and Information, Law on the activity of Protection of Tangible Cultural Goods - DRAFT version, Belgrade, 2019. [9] Ministry of Culture and Information, Law on Cultural Heritage - DRAFT version, Belgrade, 2020. [10] Ministry of Mining and Energy, Law on the efficient use of energy, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 25/2013, 2013. [11] Ministry of Construction Transport and Infrastructure, Rulebook on energy efficiency, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 61/2011, 2011. [12] Ministry of Construction Transport and Infrastructure, Rulebook on the conditions, content and manner of issuing building energy performance certificates, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 69/2012, 2012. [13] Ministry of Construction Transport and Infrastructure, Law on housing and building maintenance, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 104/2016 and 9/2020, 2016. [14] M. Jovanović Popović, D. Ignjatović, A. Radivojević, A. Rajčić, L. Đukanović, M. Nedić and N. Ćuković Ignjatović, Nacionalna tipologija stambenih zgrada Srbije / National typology of residential buidlings in Serbia, Belgrade: GIZ-Deutsche Gesellschaft, 2013. [15] M. Jovanović Popović, D. Ignjatović, A. Rajčić, L. Đukanović, M. Nedić, B. Stanković, N. Ćuković Ignjatović, B. Živković, A. Sretenović, Đ. Đurišić and D. Kotur, Nacionalna tipologija školskih zgrada Srbije /National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia, Belgrade: GIZ- Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH. 2018a. [16] M. Jovanović Popović, D. Ignjatović, A. Rajčić, L. Đukanović, M. Nedić, B. Stanković, N. Ćuković Ignjatović, B. Živković, A. Sretenović, Đ. Đurišić and D. Kotur, Zgrade školskih i predškolskih ustanova–metodološki okvir formiranja tipologije i poboljšanja energetske efikasnosti / School and Kindergarten Buildings / A methodological framework for the formulation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency, Belgrade: GIZ-Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH, 2018b. cultural monument, cultural-historical whole and locality or area stand out. It is interesting to emphasize that the cultural landscape within the category of locality or area is mentioned here for the first time. Keeping in mind that these documents haven’t been put in force, it is yet to be analyzed how interrelation between heritage and sustainability will be approached in preparing and adopting final versions and their implementation in practice. REFERENCES ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// [1] Official Gazette of RS, Strategy Sustainable Urban Development of the Republic of Serbia Until 2030, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No.47, 2019. [2] Official Gazette of RS, Law on the Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2010 to 2020, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 88/2010), 2010. [3] Official gazette of RS, The Law on planning system, Belgrade: Official gazette of RS, 30/18, 2018. [4] Official Gazette of RS, Law on Planning and Construction, Belgrade: “Official Gazette of RS”, No. 72/2009, 81/2009 - corrigendum, 64/2010 - decision, 24/2011, 121/2012, 42/2013 - decision, 50/2013 - decision, 98/2013 - decision, 132/2014, 145/2014, 83/2018, 31/2019, 37/2019 - other law and 9/2020, 2020. [5] Ministry of Construction Transport and Infrastructure, Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2021 to 2035 – Conceptual approach to spatial development for early public insight, Belgrade, 2020. [6] Official Gazette of RS, Law on Cultural goods, Belgrade: Official Gazette of RS, No. 48/95, 1995. [7] Ministry of Culture and Information, Strategy for the Development of Culture – Draft version, Belgrade, 2020. 311 [17] M. Jovanović Popović, D. Ignjatović, A. Rajčić, L. Đukanović, M. Nedić, B. Stanković, N. Ćuković Ignjatović, B. Živković, A. Sretenović, Đ. Đurišić and D. Kotur, Nacionalna tipologija zgrada predškolskih ustanova Srbije/National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia, Belgrade: GIZ- Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH. , 2018c. [18] M. Jovanović Popović, D. Ignjatović, B. Zeković, Ž. Đurišić, , I. Batić, N. Mirkov, B. Vukman, M. Kljajić and D. Konstantinović, Primena obnovljivih izvora energije na zgradama škola, fiskulturnih sala i predškolskih ustanova/Application of renewable energy sources in school, gym and kindergarten buildings., Belgrade: GIZ- Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH, 2019. report ITALY Enrico Anguillari 313 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Report - Italy Influence of national policies on the sustainability of heritage from the architectural and urban design perspective 1900 -1910 > Law 20.6.1909, n. 364 - Rules for the inalienability of antiquities and fine arts (Repealed) In the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, there was growing attention towards the protection of artistic heritage. The first national protection law is the law of June 12 1902 n. 185 which established the “Single Catalog” of state-owned monuments and works of historical, artistic and archaeological interest; then modified and systematized with the law June 20 1909, n. 364 (Rosadi-Rava law). The modern discipline on cultural heritage owes to the Rosadi law its founding principles: - establishes the principle of inalienability of the cultural heritage of the State and of public and private entities; - affirms the possibility for the public administration to subject privately owned works considered of “important interest” to protection restrictions; - promotes the systematic practice of archaeological research; - outlines the organization and administration, both central and peripheral, responsible for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage. The aim that the Rosadi law proposes is the reconstruction and maintenance of the historical memory of people. That is, of that set of exemplary testimonies, unique and unrepeatable, to which an aesthetic value is previously attributed and which illustrate the culture of people, from its genesis to its recent developments. Therefore, heritage is considered as a means towards a cognitive purpose, of which the State must act as a guarantor, through targeted policies of protection and dissemination of the acquired knowledge. Reasoned (and not exhaustive) chronicle of the main national urban, landscape and environmental legal provisions, with reference to cultural / built heritage and sustainable development. From 1860 to 2020. 1860 - 1870 > 1861 - the Kingdom of Italy is born The first legislative act with urban-building references was the law of March 20 1865, n. 2248 for the administrative unification of the Kingdom: in Annex A) provided the right for the Municipal Councils to deliberate on the “regulations of hygiene, building and local police”. The subsequent Regulation implementing this law, the R.D. June 8 1865, n. 2321 identified as a fundamental content of the Municipal Building Regulations, aimed above all at the aesthetic and hygienic safeguarding of buildings, “the plans for enlargement and leveling, or for new alignments of streets, squares or promenades”. > Law 25.6.1865, n. 2359 - Discipline of forced expropriations for reasons of public utility (Repealed) This law constitutes the fundamental discipline in the field of urban planning - construction, until the entry into force of the fundamental law of urban planning of 1942. The law provided for the expropriation for the construction of public works (roads, railways, canals), including the possibility of expropriating monuments belonging to private individuals, if they were ruined for neglect. It introduced the institution of the “regulatory plan” for municipalities with a population of over 10,000 inhabitants, a building planning document that is not compulsory. It consisted of two parts: a building master plan, the scope of which was the perimeter of the existing city; an expansion plan, the scope of which was the external district. report CYPRUS Maria Philokyprou Theodora Hadjipetrou Maria Nodaraki Stavroula Thravalou Andreas Savvides 321 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Report - Cyprus Influence of national policies on the sustainability of heritage from the architectural and urban design perspective Town Planning and Housing (TPH) is in charge of managing permits for restoration works in listed buildings. It enforces national (law of 1972) and internationally-accepted guidelines for conservation and thus, plays a critical role in protecting all the physical and built manifestations of the island's cultural heritage. There are two main inventories of the island’sbuilt heritage. The first is managed by the Department of Antiquities and includes over 1,200 Ancient Monuments (state owned, ecclesiastical and private property). The second inventory derives from the Granada Convention and is managed by the TPH, known as the Architectural Heritage Inventory of Cyprus. Additional (smallscale) inventories worth mentioning are: the Traditional Watermills Inventory of the Archaeological Research Unit of the University of Cyprus and the inventory of Architectural Documentation Drawings that contains several historically significant governmental buildings, mostly colonial structures. A digital inventory including data related to the islands’ vernacular architecture has recently been created by the Department of Architecture of the University of Cyprus (Vernarch). The same department also created a research laboratory focusing mainly on the documentation and digitization of archival material of modern architecture in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Mesearch). Over the past few decades, sustainability concerns have become relevant and important to the contemporary debate on the future of cities. In Cyprus, accelerated urbanization and urban scroll, the intensity of climate change and environmental pollution pose a real challenge in preserving of the historic urban and rural heritage clusters. Creating a set of the protective legislative framework, conservation guidelines and policies as well as incentives is a key factor for enhancing sustainable development. In Cyprus, heritage preservation and documentation, are regulated by local (regionals) and national planning policies. Significant efforts are made in the field of architectural preservation in the last 40 years, following the implementation of the Antiquities Law (1905) and the Town and Country Planning Act (1972). The Antiquities Law constituted the earliest (and until 1972 the only) legal protection of heritage buildings and objects and applies until today. According to this law, the Department of Antiquities may recommend any object, building or site to be declared as an “Ancient Monument”, provided that it is of public interest due to its historical, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological value. Through this law, the majority of the archaeological sites, numerous historic buildings and a small number of vernacular buildings were characterised as Ancient Monuments and thus, protected from demolition or alteration of their authentic character. The Town and Country Act, issued in 1972, focuses mainly on the protection of vernacular architecture. Since its implementation in 1978, many vernacular buildings and a small number of modern structures across Cyprus were declared as “Listed buildings”. In this way, they have been protected from demolition or severe modifications that would change their original character. A particular section (Conservation of Cultural Heritage) of the Department of the Council of Europe’s Guiding Principles for the Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent (Hannover, 2000) and their incorporation into the country’s spatial development plans’ philosophy ensure the sustainable management of spatial planning. During the 2009-2011 spatial plan review process, the Charter on Sustainable European Cities (Leipzig, 2007) was adopted as a main strategic reference document to guide the amendment of development plans for the Island’s four main urban agglomerations. At the same time the Reference Document on Integrated Urban Regeneration and its strategic potential for smarter, more sustainable and socially inclusive urban development (Toledo, 2010) has been used to a lesser extent to guide planning towards a more integrated and holistic approach. During 2004-2007, the Department of Town Planning and Housing (TPH) led the URBANGUARD project, partly funded by the European Commission with the aim to facilitate the incorporation of urban sustainability indicators into the spatial planning process in Cyprus, through a custom-made GIS tool. The URBANGUARD tool played a key role in assisting planners and planning process stakeholders in evaluating urban development trends and promoting the enforcement of sustainable spatial policies. According to the International Agenda for Cultural Sustainable Development (UNESCO) and the Cultural Heritage Strategy (Council Europe), innovation and entrepreneurship are the main drivers of urban regeneration in Historic Urban Areas (HUA). The historic centre of Nicosia has served as a pilot casestudy in various European-funded projects aiming to reverse the trend of abandonment and neglect of the historic heritage in a systematic way. Namely, SUSHI project (2018-2020) issued guidelines for urban regeneration through Nature Based Solutions (NBS), while the recently initiated project HUB-IN (2020-2024) aims to create new sustainable opportunities for local traditional businesses through environmental and social engagement activities. The protection of cultural heritage is the first step towards sustainable development, as it promotes the use of traditional, local materials and available resources and encourages the incorporation of bioclimatic features and sustainable building practices. Building restoration that is respectful of the original building’s character, the traditional materials and the building techniques, meets emerging principles of sustainability. In Cyprus sustainable development is one of the core agendas of our time. Thus, current philosophy and practice in the field of architectural conservation aim to establish a balance between necessary functional modifications and improvements of energy efficiency (retrofitting) while safeguarding the special architectural and historic aspects of heritage buildings or sites. Since 2009, the non-profit organization Cyprus Energy Agency (CEA) has become an information point for the local society, providing education and vocational training in the field of energy efficiency. Their role is to promote sustainable energy planning, providing technical support for developing and implementing actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. During the last years, there is a growing interest regarding the need for improved energy usage and reduced carbon emissions, without endangering architectural heritage. An extensive Action Plan describing the policy actions required to improve the energy efficiency of traditional buildings in Cyprus was released in the framework of the VIOLET project (2017-2021). As a result, the Law on the Regulation of the Energy Efficiency of Buildings was recently amended (11/2020) and now bounds listed buildings or ancient monuments with the obligation to have an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC), when sold or rented. Exemption from the minimum energy efficiency requirements is only granted if documentation is provided. In the previous legislation, no documentation was needed for these buildings to get an exemption, therefore, in most cases no energy upgrade measures were implemented. As far as the sustainability of urban planning in Cyprus is concerned, the adoption of 323 To conclude, Cyprus is taking considerable steps towards merging heritage preservation and sustainability, especially in the field of energy. Yet further improvements are necessary in order to support financial and social engagement and coherence. REFERENCES ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Links http://www.moi.gov.cy/tph http://www.vernarch.ac.cy/ https://www.cea.org.cy/en/ Bibliography National Report. Habitat III: Third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (2016). Republic of Cyprus. Ministry of Interior- Department of Town Planning and Housing, Nicosia Rodwell, D. (2003) Sustainability and the Holistic Approach to the Conservation of Historic Cities. Journal of Architectural Conservation 9 (1): 58-73 Philokyprou, M. (2015) Continuities and Discontinuities in the Vernacular Architecture. Athens Journal of Architecture 2(1): 111-120. Philokyprou, M. and Michael, A. 2020 “Environmental Sustainability in Conservation of Vernacular Architecture. The case of rural and urban traditional settlements in the Mediterranean area”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis and Restoration (Taylor and Francis) https://doi. org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1719235 Philokyprou, M. 2017 “Protection of Contemporary Architecture in Cyprus” in Time Frames. Conservation Policies for Twentieth- Century Architectural Heritage. Edited by U. Carughi and M. Visone (Routledge publication), ebook ISBN: 9781351980357. report GREECE Maria Doussi Sofoklis Kotsopoulos Alkmini Paka Kleo Axarli Konstantinos Sakantamis Angelliki Chatzidimitriou 325 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Report - Greece Influence of national policies on the sustainability of heritage from the architectural and urban design perspective 100 years before the present; these can be listed, after the issue of an administrative act, because of their architectural, compositional/planning, social, historical, ethnological, folklore, technical, industrial, or their general historic, scientific or artistic importance (all structures dated 100 years before the present are protected from demolition/intervention unless there has been an issue of an administrative act granting it). - Monuments of the last 100 years; these can be listed after the issue of an administrative act on the grounds of reasoning and documentation pertaining to the previous category. With regard to the protection of larger environments, the law makes a distinction between archeological sites and historic places, whereby the former are dated before 1830 and the latter after. The Ministry for the Environment and Energy is also responsible for the protection of cultural heritage, under the law 2831/2000, which allows characterizations to be made for traditional settlements, urban areas, areas of natural beauty, buildings, structures, natural man-made environments, etc. The protection of the above is examined on a case-by-case manner and the degree/extent of protection is regulated accordingly. The General Building Regulation, Law 2508/1997, the New Building Regulation, Law 4067/2012 2012, and the Control and Protection of Built Environment and other provisions, Law 4495/2017 enforce additional measures for urban planning, and building construction activity in proximity to archeological sites. The above framework also intertwines with the ratified International conventions of UNESCO, COUNCIL OF EUROPE and UNIDROIT, pertaining to the protection and conservation of cultural heritage. This legal framework is supported by an array of stakeholders – public authorities - that represent the two ministries – General This part of the report focuses on the legal and regulatory framework under which issues of sustainability and cultural heritage are addressed, with regard to national and international directives that apply to the local context of Greece. Furthermore, the document makes references to practice, the national and international initiatives that instigate and support exemplary programs, designs, and applications that deal with sustainability and cultural heritage. There are limitations to the current report in that it does not examine the evolution of the current framework but rather seeks to describe it briefly [1,2]. The legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage and the natural environment is the result of an evolutionary process that started almost immediately after the constitution of the modern Greek state. Today ”the protection of the natural and cultural environment constitutes a duty of the State and a right of every person [3]. PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE / ENVIRONMENT Law 3028/02 “On the Protection of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage in general” forms a comprehensive and detailed system of protection regarding movable and immovable monuments, artifacts, and intangible heritage, enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Sports. According to the above, immovable monuments (including installations, structures, and decorations, other artifacts or components that form their identity, movable objects, and their immediate environment) are categorized as: - archeological monuments; Prehistory to 1830 – these are protected under the law without the need for issuing administrative acts, - monuments dated between 1830 and ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN The European directive on the energy performance of buildings 2010/31/EU (EPBD) was developed in order to set the requirements for the improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings. However, the regulations that followed the directive have been implemented mainly in new constructions and much less on existing building stock, despite its preservation upgrade and reuse constituting a viable sustainable approach for urban centers. In Greece, the first Regulation (KENAK) on the energy performance of buildings, which informs the building regulations laws mentioned in the previous section, was adopted in 2010 and was reformed in 2017. The Technical Chamber of Greece has also published relevant technical guidelines, which describe in detail, particular interventions targeted to the characteristics of each construction, specific for each building component, structural system (walls, floors, roofs, openings etc.), and building materials. The diversity of the existing fabric, in relation to preservation policies and all other interrelated constraints makes decisions upon the accurate intervention measures, a very challenging task. As in other European countries, the directive excluded listed buildings and protected monuments from energy efficient retrofitting. Also, buildings that retain architectural and structural characteristics, owed to local traditions or forming part of traditional settlements, are excluded from energy upgrading with minimum requirements, as their characteristics could be distorted by such interventions (e.g, the introduction of thermal insulation, application of photovoltaics or solar collector, etc). On the other hand, the diverse existing building stock, in Greece, especially the one built before 1955 (the year of the establishment of the 1st building code), poses a great challenge for energy upgrade interventions. For these buildings, minimum EPBD requirements have to be met when renovations or energy system improvements are made. The bulk of these Ephorate of Antiquities – Ephorates – Devolved authorities, etc. Protection entails the phases of identification, investigation, recording, documentation/study, preservation, conservation and restoration, as well as prevention of illicit exporting and the facilitation of public access and public information regarding cultural heritage. The characterization/listing of a monument under the above categories mainly entails the imposition of prohibitions or restrictions upon its use and any intervention/building construction to it or within a specifically delineated area, its immediate/extended context, without prior permission by overseeing bodies. Restrictions can also be applied to extended urban areas that contain monuments in order to preserve their cultural value. Furthermore, the state holds the right of expropriation of monuments. Incentives for the preservation and restoration of cultural heritage utilize National and EU funding. These can be administrative (in the form of urban planning/design interventions, the production of specialized developmental planning for protected areas), monetary incentive schemes (loans, tax cuts, the funding of design studies and parts of restoration), or can utilize both tools through the production of special development framework plans for specific areas of created by intervention/monuments, that enable the introduction of new buildings/structures in the historical context under the immediate scrutiny of public bodies and authorities. 327 2. The second level includes specialized urban planning tools for implementation, such as: a. Urban Studies, Specially Regulated Urban Planning studies, the studies of Regeneration, etc. and b. The Implementing Acts, ie physical design - plans and implementation studies. According to the degree of intervention, regeneration projects are divided in three categories according to the existing framework: - Reconstructions of a built area or individual building block, which implies the reconstruction of the majority of building stock and/or public places – constituting the most “active” form of urban intervention. -Improvements of buildings and public spaces, with interventions applied to uses, the facades or the interior layout of the buildings, with additions to necessary spaces and networks, with re-configurations, the unification of fragmented courtyards/ back alleys of building blocks, the construction of necessary infrastructure or other similar improvements – constituting a milder form of intervention. - Interventions to public spaces and open public and private spaces – the less intrusive category of the three as it applies only to the public space. In the context of the aforementioned interventions specific environmental goals and restrictions are usually discussed and introduced on a case-by-case manner and are not regulated or scored against specific criteria unless imposed by specific funding mechanisms that the state employs. Furthermore, it should be noted that the state (including devolved administrations) holds the absolute right to introduce interventions and has the sole responsibility of funding them. Overall, although the spatial planning tools are detailed and comprehensive, their application in the public domain has been problematic and largely focused around specific projects. Sustainable urban regenerations and building renovations, there have been supported by numerous financial instruments (EU 2014-2020 partnership Agreement), measures and programs buildings have no significant architectural, cultural or historic value and minimum EPBD requirements can be easily met. Nevertheless, there also exist buildings/ structures that are not officially protected by heritage legislation, while retaining heritage significance. These also bear no restrictions and need to conform to EPBD regulations (established for new buildings) upon restoration or energy improvement intervention. In terms of sustainable and resilient spatial planning practices, the Greek institutional framework is particularly rich, though often inapplicable. As far as urban interventions are concerned, numerous targeted urban planning tools have been introduced to date (active building blocks, zones of active planning), while specific legislation focusing on urban regeneration (N.D 17.7.1923, L.1337 / 1983, Art. 8-16, L. 2508/1997), as well as provisions of legislation (art. 12 and 13 GOK’85, par.5 to 7 art. 10 NOK Law 4064/2012)for the support of regeneration processes, which have had limited or marginal practical application. Until recently, urban planning was regulated by the law 2508/1997 “Sustainable Housing Development of the country’s cities and settlements and other provisions”. The Law 4269/2014 (Government Gazette 142 A ‘/ 28.6.2014) “Spatial and urban reform - Sustainable Development” currently forms the national spatial planning framework at the different levels of design and constitutes a systematic approach to urban regeneration interventions. This institutes two levels of planning: 1. The first level, which includes two basic legislative tools of strategy design: a. Environmental Protection Regulations and Programs for large urban centers - Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras, Heraklion Larissa, Volos, b. The General Urban Plans and the Spatial and Residential Plans for Open City Organization, the elaboration of which takes place at the level of primary local government. established by the Ministry of Environment & Energy and by the Hellenic Ministry of Development and Investments. The most notable of the last decade being two consecutive programs focusing on incentivizing energy savings to private residences/buildings (Exoikonomo kat oikon I, II), numerous programs focusing on introducing energy savings to public buildings and infrastructure (ex. Green Roofs at public buildings program / bioclimatic upgrade of school’s open spaces), and programs for sustainable urban design interventions (ex. Bioclimatic Interventions to Urban Open Spaces). Moreover, sustainable bioclimatic design forms an integral prerequisite for most public procurements and architectural/ urban design competitions launched by public authorities as well as by major private developers. REFERENCES ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// [1] For a retrospective analysis of the evolution of the framework for the protection of cultural heritage in Greece see: COLONAS V., VITOPOULOU A. (2005) , « Enjeux et outils de la protection du patrimoine récent en Grèce : de la conservation à la reconversion (= Διακυβεύματα και εργαλεία της προστασίας της νεώτερης πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς στην Ελλάδα: από τη διατήρηση στην επανάχρηση) », in A. ABRY, R. CARABELLI (eds.), Reconnaître et protéger l’architecture récente en Méditerranée, Paris: Ed. Maisonneuve et Larose, pp. 91-127. [2] For an overview of the legal organizational framework and hierarchy see https://www.coe.int/en/web/herein-system/ greece [3] Constitution of Greece, Government Gazette, 85/A/18-4-2001, Art. 24 329 Council of Europe. (1975). The Declaration of Amsterdam. Retrieved from http://www. icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179- articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and- standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam España. Ley 16/1985, de 25 de junio, del Patrimonio Histórico Español. (1985). España. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/ buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-12534 España. Ley 38/1999, de 5 de noviembre, de Ordenación de la Edificación (1999). España. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/buscar/ act.php?id=BOE-A-1999-21567 España. Ley 8/2013, de 26 de junio, de rehabilitación, regeneración y renovación urbana (2013). España. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/buscar/act. php?id=BOE-A-2013-6938 España (2019). Agenda Urbana Española. Madrid: Ministerio de Foemento. Retrieved from https://apps.fomento.gob.es/CVP/ handlers/pdfhandler.ashx?idpub=BAW061 Espino Hidalgo, B. del (2019). El papel del Patrimonio cultural en las Nuevas Agendas Urbanas. In XIV Congreso AECPA, GT 5.6 (pp. 1–18). Retrieved from https://aecpa.es/ files/view/pdf/congress-papers/14-0/2304/ European Union (2016). Urban Agenda for the EU. Pact of Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/futurium/en/system/ files/ged/pact‐of‐amsterdam_en.pdf HABITAT III. (2016). HABITAT III. ZERO DRAFT OF THE NEW URBAN AGENDA. ICOMOS. (1931). The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments - 1931. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/en/ charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ ressources/charters-and-standards/167-the- athens-charter-for-the-restoration-of-historic- monuments ICOMOS. (1964). International Charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and sites. Retrieved from http://www. icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf ICOMOS. (1981). Historic Gardens (The Florence Charter 1981). Retrieved from http:// www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts Compliance with these methodological processes, together with compliance with the criteria set out in international reference texts and charters, are a guarantee of the quality of the interventions, regardless of whether the property is protected by the cultural administration or simply listed. Conservation actions must be based on criteria of compatibility (material and conceptual), minimum intervention, respect for authenticity (the monument’s time as the sum of all its times), and cultural legibility, always from a contemporary temporal consideration that obliges us to work with a discernible language. Any action on a cultural asset included in the General Catalogue of Andalusian Historical Heritage must follow this working methodology and be authorised by the competent administration in matters of historical heritage. Likewise, these actions must comply with the provisions of the Law on Building Management (LOE), including those specified in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency. The technical development of conservation work must always be accompanied by the implementation of participation and communication mechanisms so that the final decision, making process is based on consensus. REFERENCES ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Andalucía. Ley de Ordenación Urbanística de Andalucía (LOUA 7/2002) (2002). Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/buscar/act. php?id=BOE-A-2003-811 Andalucía (2018). Agenda Urbana de Andalucía 2030. Sevilla: Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Retrieved from http://www.juntadeandalucia. es/medioambiente/portal_web/web/temas_ ambientales/urbanismo/agenda_urbana_ andalucia_2030.pdf Andalucia. Ley 14/2007, de 26 de noviembre, del Patrimonio Histórico de Andalucía (2007). España: Junta de Andalucía. Retrieved from https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2008/BOE-A- 2008-2494-consolidado.pdf 337 UNESCO. (1976). Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas. París. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/ en/ev.php-URL_ID=13133&URL_DO=DO_ TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO. (2000). Principios para la Conservación y Restauración del Patrimonio Construido. Carta de Cracovia 2000. (2000). Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/ culture/natlaws/media/pdf/guatemala/ guatemala_carta_cracovia_2000_spa_orof.pdf UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved from http://portal. unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17716&URL_ DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO. (2005). VIENNA MEMORANDUM on “World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture – Managing the Historic Urban Landscape.” Retrieved from http://whc. unesco.org/document/6814 UNESCO. (2011). Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, including a glossary of definitions. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php- URL_ID=48857&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_ SECTION=201.html UNESCO. (2015). Hangzhou Outcomes. International Conference ‘Culture for Sustainable Cities‘. Retrieved from http:// www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/ culture-and-development/culture-for- sustainable-cities/ United Nations. (2016). Implementation of the outcomes of the United Nations Conferences on Human Settlements and on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development and strengthening of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN- Habitat). Retrieved from http://habitat3.org/ wp-content/uploads/N1639668-English.pdf ICOMOS. (1987). Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (The Washington Charter) - 1987. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/en/ charters-and-texts ICOMOS. (1994). The Nara Document on Authenticity. Retrieved from www.icomos. org/charters/nara-e.pdf ICOMOS. (1996). The Declaration of San Antonio. Retrieved from http://www.icomos. org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles- en-francais/ressources/charters-and- standards/188-the-declaration-of-san-antonio ICOMOS. (1999). Charter on the built vernacular heritage (1999). Retrieved from https://www.icomos.org/images/ DOCUMENTS/Charters/vernacular_e.pdf ICOMOS. (2008). Quebec City Declaration on the preservation of the spirit of place. Quebec, Canada. Retrieved from http://quebec2008. icomos.org/en/99_intro_blog.htm ICOMOS. (2011a). Documento de Madrid. Criterios de Conservación del Patrimonio Arquitectónico del s.XX. 2011. ICOMOS. Madrid. Retrieved from https://icomos.es/ wp-content/uploads/2020/01/documentode-madrid-icomos.pdf ICOMOS. (2011b). The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas. París. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/ Paris2011/GA2011_CIVVIH_text_EN_FR_ final_20120110.pdf ICOMOS Australia. (1999). The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance. Retrieved from http:// www.icomos.org/charters/burra1999_spa.pdf ICOMOS-Brasil. (1995). Carta de Brasilia. V Encuentro Regional de ICOMOS-BRASIL Dezembro -1995. Brasilia. Retrieved from www.icomoscr.org/doc/teoria/VARIOS.1995. carta.brasilia.sobre.autenticidad.pdf UNESCO. (1972). Convention Concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco. org/en/conventiontext 339 Conclusion Serbia (Belgrade) Italy (Venice) Cyprus (Nicosia) Greece (Thessaloniki) Spain (Seville) 341 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Consortium point of view strengths / weaknesses / aspects that can be improved CONTEXTUAL IMPLICATIONS //////////////////////////////////////////// SERBIA / UBFA When discussing urban policies that tackle the question of sustainability in relation to urban heritage, it is crucial to highlight identified duality. On the one hand - Serbia follows the contemporary paradigms and perspectives concerning sustainability in planning and urban development, as evidenced by the analysed specific strategic documents, planning laws and chapters in planning documents in this publication. On the other hand, laws in the heritage domain are often obsolete, since the current Law dates from 1995 with a minimal change adopted in 2011. Consequently, in recent years, efforts have been made to identify various problematic segments of this law that partially disable the sustainability of heritage but also neglect specific types of heritage. Specific local case studies of built architectural and urban design projects confirm the focus on the development of new participatory and intercultural approaches to heritage, and the exceptional strength and will of the architects and urban planners to preserve and enhance the qualities of architectural and urban heritage, despite the insufficiently defined regulations. Different scales of presented case studies of built heritage, from urban scale to scale of the single architectural object, confirm the importance of multiscale approach in heritage treatment in practice, but also in education and research. In the context of education there is evident focus on the constant improvement of existing and the development of new programs and educational approaches. The Faculty's tradition, and keeping up with the trends make it a driver of changes and an institution where innovations, experiments RELATE OUTPUTS //////////////////////////////////////////// The insights to different contexts and Schools of Architecture and Urban design enabled the creation of outputs on three levels: • The internal output (for the consortium partners): The report presents an intellectual knowledge base that will be used as a starting ground for the generation of further intellectual outputs providing the consortium partners the compelling insight into various methodologies, needs, and specific methods. • The turnaround output (the external output that may re-enter the project as an input): deriving from the analysis of the built projects and national policies, that provides insight into the best practices, technological advancements, actual needs, and the limitations and challenges that practice brings with it. By allowing insights into the gap between theory and practice, the report presents valuable material for improving higher education. • The external output (intended for practitioners and researchers): The report can be perceived as a global contribution to education in the field of architecture and urbanism- a sort of an open-source database that other researchers may use to gain insight into state of the art. On the other hand, the research on policies regarding sustainability and heritage testifies about the speed and unpredictability of urban development and socio-political conditions, their influence on policies, and the need for continuous policy updates and constant critical assessment justified by the situation and comparison between different countries. Having this in mind, we firmly believe that the open-source access type will enable this publication to reach these perceived output levels and to come to readers from all around the world. considered for a strategical synthesis that would be fundamental to find an operational approach to teaching. Aspects to be improved The main challenge is turning into a holistic vision of educational path: relate diverse definition of Heritage (built environment, monuments, historical buildings, historical centers, urban area) with multiple ideas of Sustainability (environmental, social, economic, technical, cultural) overcoming the separation between a critical approach (linked to Heritage) with an applied-based approach (related to Sustainability). The educational path has to be conceived as training to master the process of competency rather than competences. CYPRUS / UCY The overall assessment of the content and the structure of the outlined courses and study programs are deemed adequate to meet the current needs and requirements of the local market in the field of architectural and urban design in relation to sustainability and heritage. Explicit learning outcomes (skills, abilities, knowledge) focus on providing theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of conservation and passive environmental design aspects of listed buildings, thus preparing students for practice in the private or public sector or in applied research. An additional positive aspect of the aforementioned academic programs is the collaboration of students with public administrators and local legislators, thereby immersing them in the reality of actual professional work. Students may gain access to less accessible listed buildings and monuments and also to governmental archives of the Department of Antiquities and the Department of Town Planning and Housing, which are otherwise not easily accessible to the general public. Through the study of local case studies the knowledge basis on the architectural cultural heritage of this island-country is further enriched. The engagement with and research take place. The school also aims at promoting internationalisation and knowledge exchange through different cross-border cooperation between students, researchers and staff, especially in the context of heritage awareness and sustainability of the built environment in architectural and urban design. ITALY / IUAV Strengths Iuav is thought to share roots, methods, experiences and foundational words as multicultural bridges to link Venice and the world. Those elements are connected with some key figure conceived as Masters (like Aldo Rossi, Manfredo Tafuri, Bernardo Secchi, Massimo Cacciari just to mention few). This particular approach towards History reflects the teaching methodologies for which the knowledge in a critical and creative approach towards the existing reality is the School's leading soul. The educational path proposed to the students reflects a willing attitude to connect local and national Institutions with academic activities through all the classes. The analysis reveals transversal experiences of interdisciplinarity, internationalization and intersectorialization in the academic activities to propose to the students a reflective, critical and creative environment, looking at Heritage as a source of inspiration and strong debate. Sustainability is expressed as a theme in courses as well, with a technical approach linked with the scientific aspects as energetical control (as monitoring) or environmental policy (related to the urgency of the effects of climate change on Venitian materials and environment) Weakness The educational path is less conceived to link Heritage with Sustainability according to a different and diverse way to define Sustainability. A strategic definition of Sustainability from a ssocial, environmental, economic and cultural point of view (as a common shared language among the partners) has to be 343 With regard to the programs reviewed, these share an emphasis on the role of the design studio in architectural education. In all three programs, the design studio is the medium for consolidating knowledge, integrating theory and design practice, from an interdisciplinary perspective. Another common theme of the programs and studios is their focus on the historic context offered by the city of Thessaloniki, a palimpsest spanning 2350 years of existence, which serves as a further medium in discussing relations between sustainability, resilience and the restoration and reuse of cultural heritage. While perspectives may vary in the themes and knowledge discussed in the three curricula, these also share common educational practices/methodologies, including site visits, on-site work, seminars, the involvement of practitioners, etc. Ultimately, this analysis has been successful in highlighting the potential for further integration between programs of study dealing with sustainability and heritage at the School of Architecture, AUTH, while also providing insight in the complex and interdisciplinary nature of the task at hand. All courses reviewed declare to address aspects of sustainability and promote cultural heritage as a base for social, economic and environmental development and hence have a common objective which could be approached in a more inclusive manner, for example through common research agendas or studio themes/ projects. Furthermore, the case studies reviewed raise issues of prevalence and priority in dealing with the historical context. They mostly entail robust analysis, yet biased towards the main target of intervention – whether it be the bioclimatic intervention or a restorative/reuse paradigm. There is also indication that the regulatory framework pertaining to environmental upgrades of historic buildings should be supplemented to include processes that take into account the nuances of restorative architectural methodologies, and practices. Finally, the analysis of the regulatory framework, involved stakeholders, incentives and policies provides only a synopsis of aspects dealing with the field of vernacular architecture provides insight into local building techniques and the use of local materials and methods of construction. In this way, good practices for maintenance and restoration may be better understood and implemented now and in the future. At the same time, the interdisciplinarity of the programs ensures the collaboration of students of different backgrounds (architects, archaeologists, engineers) under the guidance of professionals engaged in the maintenance and restoration of monuments and vernacular structures. Consequently, a holistic approach is adopted by the students, thereby allowing them to acquire a deeper understanding of the whole process of a renovation and / or energy retrofit project. Despite the comparative benefits of the outlined courses, the overall educational model of this academic institution regarding sustainability and cultural heritage may be further improved. Although the content of the courses addresses both cultural heritage and sustainability, cultural heritage in the case of the program “Energy Technologies and Sustainable Design” is not addressed unless a heritage casestudy building is selected in the courses. Respectively, environmental aspects related to conservation are addressed in a limited degree in the program “Conservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Sites”, leading to the conclusion that while more synergies between sustainability and cultural heritage have been established, further links between the two programs are possible. GREECE / AUTH The report reviewed Programs of Study, Courses, Case studies, the national legal and regulatory framework for sustainability and cultural heritage. A synthetic appraisal of the above sections can yield themes to be discussed in the broader context of all the schools of Architecture represented in the HESRUS consortium. approach to heritage are, in general, in line with an updated conceptual framework. The concept of cultural heritage has therefore overcome in Andalusia obsolete preconceptions: on the one hand, it already contemplates a complex, multiscalar condition of heritage: from building, to city to landscape. On the other, complexity also regards to what is considered heritage: it is already committed with those categories of heritage that are most vulnerable due to their low protection and appreciation by society and institutions and therefore most at risk of disappearance, always open to the protection and conservation of those emergent types of heritage. From the monument, to the emergent heritage of our built environment: such as industrial heritage, cultural landscapes or social housing. This has derived in the emphasis of the local value, but within an international context. Intangible heritage has also become critical for an integral heritage assessment. This connects to the social, the human values associated with a place. A place is for the community, which has witnessed the incorporation of the debate around the need for participation. In this aspect, we have verified its consideration in the pedagogical models, or in some case studies of the professional practice, pointing out the methodological effort of the institutional agents such as the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage. Nevertheless, we can conclude that we still have to work on concluding that we have to still work on a more generalized integration, both in education and in the transference to the professional practice. Finally, this complexity leads us to interdisciplinarity, which is, as we have seen in the case studies, present both in architectural projects, pedagogical models and even in urban policies. However, there is a long way to go in this aspect, still existing resistance in a certain sector of the discipline to accept the role of the architect in this new collaborative paradigm. Even the main trend that accepts and practices interdisciplinarity, needs to transcend mere dialogue and integrate other disciplines' knowledge. the multiplicity of legal and authoritative overlaps that exist in domains of sustainable cultural heritage and is offered as a means for contextualization of the above findings but also as a case to be discussed in the broader context of all the regulatory frameworks reviewed by the schools of Architecture represented in the HESRUS consortium. SPAIN / USE As a first general conclusion, we can confirm that cultural heritage constitutes a central theme in our educational, professional and normative context of Andalusia. Among the four pillars of sustainability -environmental, economic, social and culturethis last one is the main sustainable vector. It is the gate, the node from which we entail the other three. Although we have also identified a substantial development of a more technical approach to sustainability -both in the academic and professional context, we can conclude that culture and heritage as key factors for sustainable development constitute the predominant vector of the architectural projects, educational models and urban policies in Andalusia. Since the foundation of the Andalusian government, cultural heritage has become a local resource: since the eighties a common practice to reuse architectural heritage for public institutions -such as the main building of the presidency and other ministries buildings; the Center of Contemporary Art or the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage. This constant reference to cultural heritage is not only instrumental: cultural heritage is within the actual definition of the image and character of Andalusia. The decentralized condition of Spanish geopolitics after the rigid centralization of the country under a dictatorship of almost 40 years, derived in the transference of the power of heritage legislation: Andalusian heritage law has become a Spanish reference within the last trends of an international framework. Together with the developed urban policies, both the professional practice and the educational 345 awareness and conviction. Constant exposition is key for being able to go from heritage and sustainability as one field of expertise in architecture, and becoming the main framework for architects. Train in creativity is essential in a field in constant change: the key is to train in being ready to create new methods, ways of identifying new values, intervening singular and unique architectures. The tools, the methods, the theory and the regulations are just not enough. Through the analysis of both courses and the specialized programs, we can affirm the commitment with creativity in the context of heritage education, not as opposed to rational knowledge, scientific methods, but complementary to it. Finally, Creative methods training is not only to intervene, but in the processes of heritage knowledge and assessment, position our understanding of design as educators and architects as an integral process within the heritage of our built environment. In a more general geopolitical context, there is a real tension between this consolidated commitment with heritage and sustainability with the Spanish and Andalusian speculative pressure on urban development: construction constitutes a key sector on the economy, creating governmental contradictions inside the public organigrams. This is a real challenge for the years to come. We have also identified a constant dialogue and transference among university, professional practitioners and institutions working on heritage. On the one hand, the architects involved in the professional practice are also at the university and transmit their experience to the university. On the other, the institutional emphasis on heritage has resulted in intensive research on the field, with different research groups working on heritage at the School of Architecture and at Seville University in general, transferring this research experience to teaching processes. Finally, the school of architecture of Seville university has been characterized by the close and fertile collaboration in research and teaching with public institutions, such as the main Andalusian institution on built heritage, the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage, a national and international reference in the field. In terms of educational and pedagogical approach, we can confirm that the presence of heritage in education is transversal and interdisciplinary at the School of Architecture at Seville University. We have analyzed the school curricula, having identified an extensive and generalized reference to heritage and sustainability both in the contents, the goals, the abilities and results of all the courses of the main degree program on Architecture. As conclusion, and although monographic courses and specialized Master programs are essential, transversal training in heritage awareness and sustainability of our built environment in each and every course constitutes a central issue for any updated graduate program on architecture. On the one hand, this is the place where the student, the future architects, initiates and develops