Reima Pietilä and the morphology of architectural language

EDITED by critic|all PRESS + Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos (ETSAM-UPM) ISBN: 978-84-09-54795-1 © 2023criticall. © Texts and photographs of the authors. This work is published under Creative Commons Licence. Attribution-NonCommercial-NonDerivs 2.5 Generic. Delft 10-11 October critic|all V International Conference on Architecture Design & Criticism DIGITAL PROCEEDINGS critic | all 4 5 4 5 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEORGANIZING COMMITTEE Tom Avermaete Ignacio Borrego Marta Caldeira Alejandro Campos Roberto Cavallo Ana Rosa Chagas Cavalcanti Pippo Ciorra Silvia Colmenares Giovanni Corbellini Íñigo Cornago Bonal Paulo Dam Milena Farina Françoise Fromonot Maite García Sanchis Bruno Gil Janina Gosseye Christoph Heinemann Hélène Jannière Sharif S. Kahatt Paula Lacomba Rachel Lee Sara Marini Sergio Martín Blas Guiomar Martín Domínguez Lucía Martín López Laura Martínez de Guereñu Elena Martínez-Millana Leandro Medrano Jorge Mejía Hernández Nieves Mestre Nelson Mota Virginie Picon-Lefebvre Eduardo Prieto Fernando Quesada Armando Rabaça Jane Rendell Luiz Recamán Luis Rojo Marcos L. Rosa Rosana Rubio Hernández Ignacio Senra Angeliki Sioli Taishin Shiozaki Heidi Sohn Doris Tarchópulos Dirk van den Heuvel Mariana Wilderom Roberto Cavallo (BK-TU Delft) Silvia Colmenares (ETSAM-UPM) | Director Vanessa Grossman (BK-TU Delft) (*) Sergio Martín Blas (ETSAM-UPM) Guiomar Martín (ETSAM-UPM) Elena Martínez-Millana (ETSAM-UPM / BK-TU Delft) Nelson Mota (BK-TU Delft) (*) involved only in the initial call for contributions phase ¿xxx | Digital Proceedings layout? critic | all 6 7 6 7 INDEX 01 02 03 04 05 Presentation Call for Papers Conference Program Index of selected papers Papers critic | all critic | all MT 8 8 9 back to index This 5th edition of Critic|all Conference consolidates the initiative that the Architectural Design Department of the Madrid School of Architecture at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSAM-UPM) started ten years ago to provide an international forum for architectural criticism. The Conference enhances its scope as a place for knowledge production from which to convene relevant voices around the proposed topic at each edition. This time, with a join event co-organized with the Department of Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at the Delft University of Technology (BK-TU Delft). We would like to thank all participants for their work and trust, as well as the members of the Scientific Committee for their effort and commitment. We want to reinforce the idea contained in the conference’s name. Critic|all is a call on criticism, and also a call for all. An appointment that, beyond the scope of each edition, we hope will be able to reinforce a more general debate on the role of architecture in the present context. Silvia Colmenares Director of Critic|all 01 Presentation critic | all critic | all MT 10 10 11 back to index e(time)ologies or the changing meaning of architectural words The study of the origin and history of words has played a central role in the recurrent search for a deep, allegedly forgotten, meaning of architecture. The strikingly persistent and often problematic influence of Martin Heidegger’s Bauen Wohnen Denken proves the fascination of architects with the ancestral power of words. The same fascination explains the equally recurrent urge to explore new meanings and invent new terms in architecture, in order to alleviate the weight of old cultural prejudices and connotations. Hence, etymological lines extend in two opposite time directions: one pointing to roots and sources, the other to future visions and transformations. Architectural thought oscillates between the illusory stability of conventional, present meanings, the mystery of remote, often obscure, connotations, and the poetic, creative drive of language invention. Choosing between communication (order) and noise (entropy), the opposite terms used by Umberto Eco, becomes a typically architectural problem, one which relates both to words and forms, terms and materials. The heavy architecture-is-a-language fever of the 1960s is long overcome. Robin Evans’ “all things with conceptual dimension are like language, as all grey things are like elephants” might suffice to prevent its return. However, the multiplication and transformation of architectural words has probably accelerated since then, pushed by the development of competitive research production. In fact, every research problem is, at its core, a problem of language, of word use and word definition. Research on the contemporary urban and architectural condition can be no exception. Meaningful arguments about the changing meaning of architectural words need to address the role of language in the description of current matters and realities as well as its potential to unchain innovative perspectives and actions. New situations call for new terms as much as new terms provoke new situations. Today’s interface of architecture with other disciplines is exemplary in this sense. The growing need to establish meaningful communication between experts from different fields fosters both codification and distortion of language, the homologation of terms and its expansion through translation and borrowing. In the first case, the descriptive precision is favoured to produce an objective (codified) system, whereas misunderstandings, metaphors and inaccuracies can lead to the generation of new knowledge and actions in the second. Such complexities are especially evident in the terminology emerging from practice-based or design-based research. In fact, the translation between visual and verbal signs, which is at the core of architectural practice, tends to obscure the distinction between descriptions and actions. While the transdisciplinary context might certainly lead to an intensified look, in the last decades architecture has engaged in a process of expansion and adjustment led, in part, by new combinations of old keywords (ecology, landscape, urbanism, infrastructure, logistics…). Beyond disciplinary discourses, contemporary debates addressing the social, ecological and political connotations of architecture are providing a new set of critical words. Adjectives (“postanthropocentric”, “non-human”, “inclusive”, “transcultural”) names (“decolonization”, “decarbonization”) and phrases (“climate change”, “race and gender identity”…), have gained increasing visibility over the last two decades, both to inform and transform architecture’s critical thinking. The proliferation of prefixes in many of them (post-, de-, trans-), denotes the urge to build new words and concepts from existing materials, pushed by the speed of contemporary culture. The problem of meaning persistence and change, but also of the tacit positions inscribed in words, can be exemplified by the crucial differences between “postcolonization” and “decolonization”. These and other terms are generated by a sequence of adjustments and oppositions, distortions and borrowings. The study of such processes, not in strict etymological terms but in a broader sense including the complex relations between words, practices, disciplines, is key to unveil the cultural and ideological positions behind current architectural debates. We propose to carry out this critique as a tool to explore today’s emerging terminologies, and the ones to come. The 5th edition of Critic|all Conference welcomes contributions that critically address the uses and misuses, the creation and wearing, the transformation and timeliness of the words with which architecture is – or has been – described, historized or updated through time. We expect interpretive work that draws new relations between words, concepts, things and practices, not strict etymological studies. The most basic structure should present the expression or word under scrutiny, explain the reasons that justify the choice, formulate new interpretations or perspectives stemming from it, support these with arguments in the main body and bring the paper to a conclusion. 02 Call for Papers critic | all 12 13 back to index critic | all MT 12 back to index panel #1 Revisited Terms Elisa Monaci Università Iuav di Venezia, Italy Francesca Gotti Politecnico di Milano, Italy Jana Culek Delft University of Technology, Netherlands University of Rijeka, Croatia Carla Molinari (1) and Marco Spada (2) (1) Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom (2) University of Suffolk, United Kingdom Session Chair: Marcos Pantaleón Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Welcome by BK Dean Dick van Gameren Coffee Break panel #2 Modern Genealogies J. Igor Fardin and Richard Lee Peragine Politecnico di Torino, Italy Cássio Carvalho and Alexandra Alegre Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Federico Costa Universidade Estadual de Campinas & Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil Öykü Şimşek Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Session Chair: Heidi Sohn Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Lunch Break panel #3 Situated Terms Mohammad Sayed Ahmad (1) & Munia Hweidi (2) (1) Tohoku University, Japan (2) Sophia University, Japan Khevna Modi CEPT University, India Carnegie Mellon University, USA Marine Zorea Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Israel Lola Lozano Architectural Association, UK Hanxi Wang Cornell University, USA University College London, UK Welcome and Presentation Faculteit Bouwkunde TU Delft Berlagezaal 1 Kitsch. Learning from Ordinary Dreams of Architecture Critical Spatial Practices: Inhabiting an Ever-changing Term (Re)Defining Utopia. The Changing Concept of an Ideal World Past and Future of Townscape. For a Humane Urbanism (*) Discussion Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 The promise(s) of sustainability Visions on Democratic Architecture Nostalgia for Backwardness. Investigating the Persistent Influence of Modernity on Brazilian Contemporary Architecture Vulnerable architecture as a/n (im)material assemblage Discussion Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 Space, Makan, Kūkan. Phenomenology of Space through Etymology Word, Associations, and Worldviews. A case of pol Architecture of Ahmedabad (*) Speaking of Collective Dining. The Spatial, Social and Semiotic Realities of the Kibbutz Dining Room Redistribution: Domestic space and Land Sharing in Mexico City’s urban centre HOME-steading. Subversions, Reversions, and Diversions of the Moral Right to Space TUESDAY 10·10·2023 All schedule indicates local time in Delft, NL (UTC/GMT +2 hours) 03 Conference Program 09:15 - 09:30 09:30 - 11:00 09:35 09:50 10:05 10:20 10:35 - 11:00 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 13:00 11:35 11:50 12:05 12:20 12:35 - 13:00 13:00 - 14:00 14:00 - 16:00 14:05 14:20 14:35 14:50 15:05 critic | all critic | all 14 15 back to index back to index Session Chair: Janina Gosseye Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Coffee Break panel #4 Expanded Meanings Clarissa Duarte and Mariana Magalhães Costa Université Jean Jaurès (UT2J), France Haitam Daoudi Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain Grayson Bailey Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany Association for the Promotion of Cultural Practice in Berlin, Germany Zeynep Soysal Atilim University, Turkey Maria Kouvari and Regine Hess ETH Zurich, Switzerland Session Chair: Alejandro Campos Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Dinner Discussion Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 From sustainable development to sustainable (urban) engagement: The evolution of a concept A relational approach to performance. Composition of meaning through Price and Ábalos Architecture / architectural Platform: as an Architectural Ecotone Transtemporal Unlocking Time in the Architectural Discourse Discussion Huszár, Delft 15:20 - 16:00 16:00 - 16:30 16:30 - 18:30 16:35 16:50 17:05 17:20 17:35 17:50 - 18:30 19:00 - 21:30 panel #5 Projective Language Cathelijne Nuijsink Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Caterina Padoa Schioppa Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Federico Broggini and Annalisa Metta University of RomaTre, Italy Silvia Calderoni CIRSDe, Interdisciplinary Centre for Research and Studies on Women and Gender, Italy Marco Spada (1) and Carla Molinari (2) (1) University of Suffolk, United Kingdom (2) Anglia Ruskin University, United Kingdom Session Chair: Mariana Wilderom Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Coffee Break Keynote Lecture Albena Yaneva Lunch Break panel #6 Translated Terms Xuerui Wang Tongji University, China Miho Nakagawa University of East London, United Kingdom Mustapha El Moussaoui Free University of Bolzano, Italy Marcela Aragüez IE University, Spain Ye Chen Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan Session Chair: Marcos L. Rosa Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Coffee Break Round Table Break Keynote Lecture Adrian Forty Closing Ceremony Berlagezaal 1 Redefining Architecture from an Undecidable ‘Anybody’. The Anybody Conference in Buenos Aires, 1996 (**) Composting Death. Towards a Body Sublimation Mundus. Designing landscape as wholeness, thickness, and fertility Architecture, transfeminism, queerness: reimagining the urban space Industrial Pastoralism. Post-productive arcadias in machine-modified landscapes Discussion Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 Don’t Fly, Don’t Jump: Critical Proximity in Architectural Research Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 The Term “Architectural Art” in the 1950s Chinese Architectural Theory. A Semantic Transplantation (*) Analysing English translation of ma interpretations between the 1960s and 80s (**) Going Back Home/House. Unravelling Linguistic and Existential Differences From Kankyō to Environment to Enbairamento. A Mutating Concept Between Intermedia Art and Architecture in Post-War Japan Comparison of Jiàngòu and Kekkō. Differences in Terminology Translations of Tectonic Between China and Japan in Studies in Tectonic Culture Discussion Berlagezaal 2 Berlagezaal 1 Oostserre Words and Buildings Revisited Oostserre 09:00 - 11:00 09:05 09:20 09:35 09:50 10:05 10:20 - 11:00 11:00 - 11:30 11:30 - 12:30 12:30 - 13:30 13:30 - 15:30 13:35 13:50 14:05 14:20 14:35 14:50 - 15:30 15:30 - 16:00 16:00 - 17:15 17:15 - 17:45 17:45 - 18:45 18:45 - 19:45 WEDNESDAY 11·10·2023 All schedule indicates local time in Delft, NL (UTC/GMT +2 hours) (*) presenting remotely (**) by express desire of the author the full article is not included in these digital minutes critic | all 16 17 back to index critic | all MT 16 back to index 04 Index of selected papers Aragüez, Marcela Bailey, Grayson Batuk, Aybike Köknar, Sait Ali Bissett, Tara Broggini, Federico Metta, Annalisa Calderoni, Silvia Carvalho, Cássio Alegre, Alexandra Charitonidou, Marianna Chen, Ye Cortés Sánchez, Luis Miguel Costa, Frederico Čulek, Jana Daoudi, Haitam Duarte, Clarissa Magalhães Costa, Mariana Fardin, J. Igor Peragine, Richard Lee Gotti, Francesca Kouvari, Maria Hess, Regine Lozano Lara, Lola From Kankyō to Environment to Enbairamento A Mutating Concept Between Intermedia Art and Architecture in Post-War Japan Architecture / architectural Atmosphere becomes Atmospher(ic) Human Scale: The Vicissitudes of the Standard Mundus: Designing landscape as wholeness, thickness, and fertility Architecture, Transfeminism, Queerness:Reimagining the urban space Visions on Democratic Architecture Mobility Justice and Big Data in urban planning Towards an ecological approach to space of flows Comparison of Jiàngòu and Kekkō Differences in Terminology Translations of Tectonic Between China and Japan in Studies in Tectonic Culture Reima Pietilä and the Morphology of Architectural Language Nostalgia for Backwardness: Investigating the Persistent Influence of Modernity on Brazilian Contemporary Architecture (Re)Defining Utopia: The Changing Concept of an Ideal World A relational approach to performance: Composition of meaning through Price and Ábalos From sustainable development to sustainable (urban) engagement: The evolution of a concept The promise(s) of sustainability Critical Spatial Practices: Inhabiting an Ever-changing Term Transtemporal: Unlocking Time in the Architectural Discourse Redistribution: Domestic space and Land Sharing in Mexico City’s urban centre 20 30 38 47 56 65 74 82 95 105 116 125 134 143 154 163 173 183 Authors Papers pag. critic | all critic | all 114 115 back to index back to index Notes 1. Kaisa Broner, Visions of architecture: Reima Peitilä and the meanings of form = Arkkitehtuurin visiot: Reima Pietilä ja muodon merkitykset (Helsinki: Oku Publishing, 2019), 20. 2. Juhani Pallasmaa, “Reima Pietilä y el círculo del Museo de Arquitectura Finlandesa” in Raili, Reima Pietila: un desafío a la arquitectura moderna = challenging modern architecture (Madrid: Fundación ICO, 2008), 22. 3. Moisés Royo Márquez, Raili y Reima Pietilä: El Proyecto de Dipoli. (Madrid: Suomi Arkkitehtuurimuseo; Instituto Iberoamericano de Finlandia; Serie ACTA Iberoamericana Fennica, 2018), 22. 4. Roger Connah, Writing Architecture: Fantomas, Fragments, Fictions: An Architectural Journey through the 20th Century (Helsinki: Rakennuskirja Oy, 1989), 55. 5. Juhani Pallasmaa, “Reima Pietilä y el círculo del Museo de Arquitectura Finlandesa” in Raili, Reima Pietila: un desafio a la arquitectura moderna = challenging modern architecture (Madrid: Fundación ICO, 2008), 28. 6. Marja-Riita Nori and Reima Pietilä, “Architecture and cultural regionality. Interview with Reima Pietilä,” in Pietilä: modernin arkkitehtuurin välimaastoissa: intermediate zones in modern architecture (Helsinki: Suomen rakennustaiteen museo, 1985), 8. 7. Kristo Vesikansa, “Practicing in Aalto’s Shadow: CIAM PTAH Helsinki and Le Carré Bleu,” in Aalto beyond Finland - Architecture and Design: The 2nd Alvar Aalto Research Seminar Rovaniemi Town Hall, Finland 16-18 February 2015, edited by Silvia Micheli and Esa Laaksonen, 309–20. (Helsinki: Alvar Aalto Foundation, 2015), 311. 8. Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen, “Archietctural Morphologies, ca. 1960,” Getty Research Journal, no. 9 (2017): 161, https://doi.org/10.1086/691293. 9. Reima Pietilä, “Tranformations,” in Arkkitehti, no. 6-7 (1956): 103. 10. Eeva-Liisa Pelonkonen, “Reima Pietilä’s (Postmodern) Morphologies,” in Mediated Messages: Periodicals, Exhibitions and the Shaping of Postmodern Architecture, ed. Léa-Catherine Szacka and Véronique Patteeuw (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019), 89. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350046207. 11. Harri Hautajärvi and Netta Böök, “Manifestos,” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (2004): 27. 12. Eeva-Liisa Pelonkonen, “Reima Pietilä’s (Postmodern) Morphologies,” in Mediated Messages: Periodicals, Exhibitions and the Shaping of Postmodern Architecture, ed. Léa-Catherine Szacka and Véronique Patteeuw (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019), 93. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350046207. 13. Aino Niskanen, “The Pietilä’s Other Half,” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (2004): 28. 14. Reima Pietilä, “The Zone. 1967,” in “Architecture and Cultural Regionality. Interview with Reima Pietilä,” in Pietilä: Modernin Arkkitehtuurin Välimaastoissa: Intermediate Zones in Modern Architecture,” ed. Marja-Riitta Norri and Roger Connah, (Helsinki: Suomen rakennustaiteen museo, 1985), 67. 15. Reima Pietilä, “The Zone” Arkkitehti, no. 1 (1968): 51. 16. Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen, Exhibit A: Exhibitions That Transformed Architecture, 1948-2000, (London: Phaidon, 2018), 149. 17. Marja-Riitta Norri, and Reima Pietilä. “Architecture and Cultural Regionality. Interview with Reima Pietilä,” in Pietilä: Modernin Arkkitehtuurin Välimaastoissa: Intermediate Zones in Modern Architecture,” ed. Marja-Riitta Norri and Roger Connah, (Helsinki: Suomen rakennustaiteen museo, 1985), 8. 18. Este poema fue publicado de forma parcial como introducción al artículo escrito por: Roger Connah, “Reima Pietilä, 1923- 1993,” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 32. 19. Kaisa Broner, “ARCHITECTURE AND THE RIGHT TO AN EXISTENCE. An interview with Reima Pietilä,” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 36. 20. Torre Colombera, Raili e Reima Pietilä: L’architettura Sconosciuta = an Unknown Architecture, (Vercelli: Gallo Arti Grafiche, 1997), 9. 21. Kaisa Broner, “Architectural Visions Reima Pietilä’s Nature Architecture and His ‘Shamanistic’ Design Method,” in Approaching Religion 11, no. 1 (2021): 86. https://doi.org/10.30664/ar.98060. 22. Malcolm Quantrill, Reima Pietilä: Architecture, Context and Modernism, (New York: Rizzoli, 1985), 66. 23. Dorian Wiszniewski, “Reima Pietilä and Gesture in Research-by-Design: The Finnish Embassy in New Delhi, 1962-1982,” in Nordic Journal of Architectural Research 2018, no. 3 (2019): 43. http://arkitekturforskning.net/na/article/view/1160. 24. Luis Miguel Cortés, “Viljasiilo. La Iglesia Kaleva de Raili y Reima Pietilä como hito paisajístico,” in En Blanco. Revista de Arquitectura, no. 34 (2023): 131. https://doi.org/10.4995/eb.2023.18035. 25. Notes from the catalogue of dossier no.3 of the Pietilä collection in the archive of the Museum of Finnish Architecture (Helsinki). 26. A second phase was developed between 1981-1982 for a new residential building and a small commercial pavilion at the entrance to the site. 27. Roger Connah, Writing Architecture: Fantomas, Fragments, Fictions: An Architectural Journey through the 20th Century, (Helsinki: Rakennuskirja Oy, 1989), 238. 28. Notes from the catalogue of dossier no.9 of the Pietilä collection in the archive of the Museum of Finnish Architecture (Helsinki). 29. Luis Miguel Cortés, “El Proyecto de Dipoli. Respuestas Al Paisaje Desde La Forma y La Materialidad.” In Libro de Actas - X Congreso Internacional Arquitectura Blanca, 198–207 (València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022), 201. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIAB10.2022.14000 30. Notes from the catalogue of dossier no.6 of the Pietilä collection in the archive of the Museum of Finnish Architecture (Helsinki). 31. Federico Soriano, “Arquitectura sin forma,” in Revista Fisuras, no. 2 (1995): 78. 32. Reima Pietilä, “Dipoli: Building or Natural Form?” in Byggekunst, no. 1 (1964): 9. 33. Kari Jormakka, “An interview with Reima Peitilä”, Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 45. 34. Manuel Gausa, Diccionario Metapolis Arquitectura Avanzada: Ciudad y Tecnología En La Sociedad de La Información (Barcelona: Actar, 2001). Image Captions Fig. 1. Selection of graphic compositions from the exhibition “Morphology and Urbanism” 1960. Reima Pietilä. Source: Pietilä collection, archive Museum of Finnish Architecture (MFA). Fig. 2. Selection of graphic compositions from the exhibition “Vyöhyke (The Zone)" 1967. Reima Pietilä. Source: Pietilä collection, archive Museum of Finnish Architecture (MFA). Fig. 3. Left: Reima Pietilä with members of the studio previewing the exhibition "Space Garden". Centre: Model of the exhibition "Space Garden". Right: Photograph of the exhibition "Space Garden". Source: Pietilä collection, archive Museum of Finnish Architecture (MFA). Fig. 4. Sketches by Reima Pietilä for the Dipoli project, source: Pietilä collection file number 6, archive Museum of Finnish Architecture (Helsinki). Last plan right, roof plan of the building, authors and source: ALA Studio. Fig. 5. Poem by Reima Pietilä, published in issue 1, vol.46 (1964) in the journal Byggekunst entitled "Dipoli: Building or Natural Form? Images by Raili Pietilä. Source: Pietilä collection, archive Museum of Finnish Architecture (MFA). References Broner, Kaisa. Visions of architecture: Reima Pietila and the meanings of form = Arkkitehtuurin visiot: Reima Pietilä ja muodon merkitykset. Helsinki: Oku Publishing, 2019. Broner, Kaisa. “ARCHITECTURE AND THE RIGHT TO AN EXISTENCE. An interview with Reima Pietilä.” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 34-39. Colombera, Torre. Raili e Reima Pietilä: L’architettura Sconosciuta = an Unknown Architecture. Vercelli: Gallo Arti Grafiche, 1997. Broner, Kaisa. “Architectural Visions Reima Pietilä’s Nature Architecture and His ‘Shamanistic’ Design Method.” Approaching Religion 11, no. 1 (2021): 77-97. https://doi.org/10.30664/ar.98060. Connah, Roger. Writing Architecture: Fantomas, Fragments, Fictions: An Architectural Journey through the 20th Century Helsinki: Rakennuskirja Oy, 1989. Connah, Roger. “Reima Pietilä, 1923-1993.” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 32-33. Cortés, Luis Miguel. “Viljasiilo. La Iglesia Kaleva de Raili y Reima Pietilä como hito paisajístico.” En Blanco. Revista de Arquitectura, no. 34 (2023): 129-134. https://doi.org/10.4995/eb.2023.18035. Cortés, Luis Miguel, “El Proyecto de Dipoli. Respuestas Al Paisaje Desde La Forma y La Materialidad.” Libro de Actas - X Congreso Internacional Arquitectura Blanca, 198–207. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIAB10.2022.14000 Gausa, Manuel. Diccionario Metapolis Arquitectura Avanzada: Ciudad y Tecnología en la Sociedad de la Información. Barcelona: Actar, 2001. Hautajärvi, Harri and Netta Böök. “Manifestos.” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (2004): 26-27. Jormakka, Kari. “An interview with Reima Pietilä.” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (1993): 40-45. Niskanen, Aino. “The Pietilä’s Other Half.” Arkkitehti, no. 6 (2004): 28-35. Nori, Marja-Riita and Reima Pietilä. “Architecture and cultural regionality. Interview with Reima Pietilä,” in Pietilä: modernin arkkitehtuurin välimaastoissa: intermediate zones in modern architecture, edited by Marja-Riita Nori and Roger Connah, 6-32. Helsinki: Suomen rakennustaiteen museo, 1985. Pallasmaa, Juhani. “Reima Pietilä y el círculo del Museo de Arquitectura Finlandesa” in Raili, Reima Pietila: un desafío a la arquitectura moderna = challenging modern architecture. Madrid: Fundación ICO, 2008, 20-33. Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa. “Archietctural Morphologies, ca. 1960.” Getty Research Journal, no. 9 (2017): 161-179, https://doi.org/10.1086/691293. Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa. Exhibit A: Exhibitions That Transformed Architecture, 1948-2000. London: Phaidon, 2018. Pelonkonen, Eeva-Liisa. “Reima Pietilä’s (Postmodern) Morphologies.” Mediated Messages: Periodicals, Exhibitions and the Shaping of Postmodern Architecture, edited by Léa-Catherine Szacka and Véronique Patteeuw, 85-99. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350046207. Pietilä, Reima. “Dipoli: Building or Natural Form?” Byggekunst, no. 1 (1964): 9. Pietilä, Reima. “The Zone.” Arkkitehti, no. 1 (1968): 49-56. Pietilä, Reima. “The Zone. 1967,” in “Architecture and Cultural Regionality. Interview with Reima Pietilä,” in Pietilä: Modernin Arkkitehtuurin Välimaastoissa: Intermediate Zones in Modern Architecture,” edited by Marja-Riitta Norri and Roger Connah, 67- 69. Helsinki: Suomen rakennustaiteen museo, 1985. Pietilä, Reima. “Tranformations.” Arkkitehti, no. 6-7 (1956): 103. Quantrill, Malcolm. Reima Pietilä: Architecture, Context and Modernism. New York: Rizzoli, 1985. Royo Márquez, Moisés. Raili y Reima Pietilä: El Proyecto de Dipoli. Madrid: Suomi Arkkitehtuurimuseo; Instituto Iberoamericano de Finlandia; Serie ACTA Iberoamericana Fennica, 2018. Soriano, Federico. “Arquitectura sin forma.” Revista Fisuras, no. 2 (1995): 76-83 Vesikansav Kristo. “Practicing in Aalto’s Shadow: CIAM PTAH Helsinki and Le Carré Bleu,” in Aalto beyond Finland - Architecture and Design: The 2nd Alvar Aalto Research Seminar Rovaniemi Town Hall, Finland 16-18 February 2015, edited by Silvia Micheli and Esa Laaksonen, 309–20. Helsinki: Alvar Aalto Foundation, 2015. Wiszniewski, Dorian. “Reima Pietilä and Gesture in Research-by-Design: The Finnish Embassy in New Delhi, 1962-1982.” Nordic Journal of Architectural Research 2018, no. 3 (2019): 29-56. http://arkitekturforskning.net/na/article/view/1160. Biography Luis Miguel Cortés Sánchez (Don Benito, Spain, 1994). Architect. Graduated in Fundamentals of Architecture (2017) and master’s in architecture (2018) by the ETSA of Seville, receives the Extraordinary Prize End of Studies of the course 2016/17. Continuing with his research work that begins in 2018, it is in 2020, when he gets a predoctoral contract (FPU) through the Ministry of Education that allows him to enter the Department of History, Theory and Architectural Compositions of the ETSA of Seville, as well as to begin his career as a teacher in that department. Member of the research group "City, Architecture and Contemporary Heritage", currently developing his PhD thesis focused on the material relations between architecture and landscape.