Na počátku ne(byl) Edison. Průkopníci záznamů a reprodukce zvuku ve světě a českých zemích: Od voskového fonoválečku k vinylové desce

Na počá ku ne(byl) Edison. P ůkopníci záznamů a ep odukce z uku e s ě ě a českých zemích: Od osko ého ono álečku k inylo é desce Gab iel Gössel, Filip Ší •Seminář je ealizo án ámci p ojek u "Mode ní in o mační a komunikační echnologie kniho nic í 2017" za inanční podpo y p og amu Minis e s a kul u y VISK 2 (Veřejné in o mační služby kniho en – podp og am 2 Mimoškolní zdělá ání kniho níků). 1891–1914 The sound indus y in Bohemia and Mo a ia The i s ime ci izens o Czech lands we e able o ge acquain ed wi h Edison’s phonog aph and phonog aph cylinde s was in 1891 a he P o incial Jubilee Exhibi ion in P ague. The demons a ion was held a he s and o he Be lin ep esen a i es o Edison’s company, which was ado ned wi h an Ame ican lag. 1891 P o incial Jubilee Exhibi ion in P ague Impe ial and oyal phonog aph cylinde s and eco ds In P ague, hese included he company: •impe ial and oyal cou op ician and mechanic A. Rosen hal (Na příkopech S ee ), • he wholesale s o e o Jose V ba (Poříč 6), •Max C. S eine ’s company (Poříč 25), • he ac o y musical ins umen wa ehouse o Vilém Ho mann (K álo ské Vinoh ady), •J. Pöschl a add ess Ka lín, (K álo ská 55), •impe ial and oyal cou pu eyo O o Fischl (Cele ná S ee 24), •and Wilhelm Klein (Hybe nská S ee 7). By he end o he nine een h cen u y, a numbe o companies, mos ly om la ge ci ies, began impo ing phonog aphs and phonog aph cylinde s o he Czech lands. The Czech language was i s hea d on comme cially published g amophone eco ds in 1900. The ope a ic eno F an išek Pácal,a ha ime pe o ming wi h he Vienna Cou Ope a, and choi mas e and compose Ja omí He le, engaged he e as well, eco ded a o al o 14 Czech ope a a ias and na ional songs on single-sided g amophone eco ds o E. Be line ’s G amophone company in May o ha yea . Toge he wi h en mo e eco dings by F an išek Pácal om ea ly 1901, hese a e no only he oldes , bu also he only eco dings o Czech a is s made on g amophone eco ds by g amophone in en o Emile Be line . E. BERLINER’S GRAMOPHONE Single-sided eco ds, 17 cm, 1900–1901 ( eco dings in Czech) These shellac discs eco ded in Vienna p esen his o ically he e y i s eco dings o Czech singe s. 1900 Emile Be line ’s G amophone 1902 Columbia/G aphophone The Ame ican Columbia company main ained s ong ep esen a ion in Eu ope, o iginally h ough i s phonog aph cylinde s, and, since he beginning o he cen u y, also h ough i s g amophone eco ds. In 1902, Vienna-based company R. E. Thallmaye ook o e he egional ep esen a ion o he company in Bohemia and in he Balkan coun ies. The Czech epe oi e was published by businessman and ep esen a i e o he Be lin b anch o he pa en company, Jose Paco ský, om abou 1902. Reco dings we e issued on single-sided g amophone eco ds wi h he labels Columbia Disc Reco d and Columbia Phonog aph Co., and since 1906, on double-sided g amophone eco ds wi h he label Columbia G aphophone Reco d. COLUMBIA DISC RECORD Single-sided, 25 cm, 1902 The oldes e sion o a Columbia disc wi h a eco ding by he Czech a is . Violine i uoso Ja osla Kocian eco ded me e h ee sides o his company 1902 The G amophone Company L d. The Czech ca alogue o The G amophone Co. was illed wi h eco dings made by echnicians o he pa en company du ing hei equen wo king isi s in P ague (and in 1908, also in Vienna and B no). The las g amophone eco dings o his company we e made in July 1914, jus be o e he beginning o Wo ld Wa I. Ou o hund eds o eco dings wi h Czech a is s made om 1902 o 1914, a discog aphy o 99%o he eco dings has been cap u ed. The lis includes all he bes Czech ope a singe s o he e a ha we e pe suaded o pe o m on g amophone eco ds. CONCERT RECORD “GRAMOPHONE” Ma ices Vic o , 25 cm, cca 1921 Reissue o his eco ding, o iginally made in New Yo k, was in Us i/Aussig p essing plan eleased on label o his design 1905 Fa o i e Reco d Since 1905, likely he mos ex ensi e and bes p og amme was conduc ed by he Ge man Fa o i e label, hanks o i s Vienna b anch managed by Ha kopp & Fische . In addi ion o he eco dings o impo an ope a singe s such as F an išek Pácal, which a e ela i ely a e oday, ope a ba i one and collec o o sound eco dings Š ěpán Chodounský made se e al eco dings on es g amophone eco ds o his b and. O he o he excep ional ac s, wo h men ioning is a eco ding om 1910 (published on a special label wi h pa io ically oned colo s, on which Sena o Václa Klo áč p esen s a ousing speech en i led “Fo na ional and social jus ice”. FAVORITE RECORD Ma ices Fa o i e, 25 cm, 1909 Pa io ically in ed label was chosen o eco ding o he Czech na ional an hem backed by he speech o sena o Vacla Klo áč, la e on one o he ounde s o Czechoslo ak Republic. 1910 Čechie b and The las chap e o o iginal phonog aph cylinde p oduc ion in he Czech lands saw he ounding o he Čechie.Čechie cylinde s we e ad e ised as he “ i s ac o y p oducing gold cas cylinde s in P ague”, and he company was announced by i s owne , Ka el Š e n ald,in he daily p ess o he i s ime on 12. Janua y 1910. Al hough Čechie began i s p oduc ion ia he eco dings o Robe Polák (la e he di ec o o Na ional Thea e in P ague), i s subsequen Czech p og am was no pa icula ly in e es ing o unique. 1918–1946: The sound indus y in Czechoslo akia Al hough he c ea ion o he new independen s a e in he economic and poli ical sphe es was slow and di icul , he en e ainmen indus y enjoyed a golden e a in he yea s immedia ely a e 1918. Many en e ainmen enues and poli ical caba e s saw an upsu ge o en husias ic in e es om audiences. These enues a i s ode he wa e o hemes a lá “how we demolished Aus ia”bu hei p o agonis s quickly began o cas iga e he sho comings o he new s a e es ablishmen . 1921 Ma a on / Ma a on Reko d MARATON /MARATON REKORD Ma ices Homoko d, 25 cm, 1921–1927 These eco ds we e dis ibu ed by wholesale s An onin & A noš Fučik Co. o P ague, who ob ained hei ma ices om Homoko d. The “Ma a on o ches a” is in ac one o many mani es a ions o he no o ious b ass band led by A noš He man; his band made abou 5000 eco dings (!) be ween 1902 and 1930, o p ac ically all labels wi h he Czech epe oi e. 1930-1947 ESTA The his o y o he i s Czechoslo ak eco d company, Es a, and he discog aphy o i s Czech eco dings we e ecen ly examined in de ail. Czech ca alogue o eco dings o g amophone company Es a 1930–1946. Elec onic e sion: h ps://a chi e.o g/de ails/ceskyka alognah a ek g amo ono e Le us he e o e jus b ie ly men ion some miles ones in he de elopmen o hese eco d companies. Ma ices Es a, 25 cm, 1930–1931 Ano he colou a ia ions o he Es a labels. I s i s eco dings om own ma ices begun his i s Czechoslo ak g amophone company o p ess on shellac eco ds in au umn o 1930. 1932-1933 ESTA ČOS/MACCABI ESTA MACCABI Ma ices Es a, 25 cm, 1933 This cus om label was made o a gymnas ic es i al, he Maccabiah Games (some imes e e ed o as he Jewish Olympics), he i s o which was held in 1932 and which a e s ill being held. ESTA ČOS Ma ices Es a, 25 cm, 1931–1932 Cus om-made label used on he eco ds p oduced on behal o he Czech gymnas ic o ganiza ion Sokol o i s ally, which ook place in P ague in 1932. 1932-1939 RADIOJOURNAL 1946-1947 ČESKOSLOVENSKÝ ROZHLAS ČESKOSLOVENSKY ROZHLAS Non-comme cial eco dings, Deceli h oil, 25 and 30 cm, 1946 The building ea u ed on his label housed echnical backg ound o Czechoslo ak Radio and un il May o 1945 also se ed o b oadcas ing o he Ge man b anch o Czechoslo ak Radio. RADIOJOURNAL PRAHA Non-comme cial eco dings. Ma ices Ul aphon, 25 and 30 cm, 1932–1939 Reco ds wi h hese labels we e made by he Ul aphon on behal o Czechoslo ak Radio (Radiojou nal). Un il 1938, abou 500 eco dings we e made, in ended o use in he adio b oadcas ing only. 1932 SYSTEM DR. RADWAN The la ges and oldes P ague-based p o essional g and ac o y o he adio-g amophone indus y o Jan Ke ne also con ibu ed o he ca ego y o cu iosi ies. In he sp ing o 1932, i s owne had eco ded wo g amophone eco ds in Be lin which epo edly should ha e been an ideal aid o hose who wished –as he b ochu e inse ed in he se claimed – “ o again con ol hemsel es and hei o ganisms, achie e li e ideals, heal h, wo k e iciency and joy om li e…” All his and much mo e was o ha e been ensu ed o po en ial cus ome s ia sugges i e g amophone eco ds na a ed acco ding o he sys em o a ce ain D . Radwan by a subjec pu in o a deep hypno ic sleep by he doc o . D . Radwan called his me hod psychophony. SYSTEM DR. RADWAN Ma ices Odeon, 25 cm, 1932 Made-on-o de label p oduced o he wholesale Jan Ke ne Co. o P ague. These e y s ange “psychophonic” eco ds we e eco ded in Be lin and p essed bo h in he Czech and Ge man language. 1929-1947 ULTRAPHON The i s Ul aphon g amophone eco ds wi h a Czech and Slo ak epe oi e appea ed on he domes ic ma ke hanks o P ague dis ibu ion company Ra i as a he end o 1929. They we e eco ded in he Be lin eco ding s udio o pa en company Deu sche Ul aphon Ak iengesellscha , and Ge man echnicians la e a i ed in P ague wi h eco ding equipmen . The Ra i as company a i s also dis ibu ed nume ous eco dings o iginally made o he Ge man ca alogue, and i also ook o e he dis ibu ion o he Musica Sac a and O ches ola labels. In 1931-1935, i in oduced cheap sub-labels A ona, Selek on and, o a sho ime, also Ul aphone . ULTRAPHON Ma ices Deu sche Ul aphon AG, 25 and 30 cm, 1929–1932 Label o eco ds wi h he e y i s eco dings o Czechoslo akia, s ill wi h add ess o he o iginal owne o his company, he N. V. Kuchenmeis e ’s In e na ionale Ul aphoon Maa schapij Ams e dam –Be lin. 1938 ULTRAPHON ULTRAPHON Ul aphon, 30 cm, 1938 Reco ding o poli ical speech. P esiden Beneš esigned his p esidency a ew weeks be o e he da e o he e p oclaimed “20 yea s o Czechoslo akia” was eached. Resigning on Oc obe 5, he immedia ely wen in o exile in he Wes and new label had o be used o his speech.