Enjoying climate change: Jouissance as a political factor

Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 A ailable online 26 Janua y 2023 0962-6298/© 2023 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). Full Leng h A icle Enjoying clima e change: Jouissance as a poli ical ac o ☆ Lucas Pohl a , E ik Swyngedouw b , * a Depa men o Geog aphy, Cul u al and Social Geog aphy, Humbold -Uni e si ¨ a zu Be lin, His o y and Theo y o he Ci y, Ha enCi y Uni e si y Hambu g, Ge many b Depa men o Geog aphy, SEED, The Uni e si y o Manches e , UK ARTICLE INFO Keywo ds: Clima e change Enjoymen as poli ical ac o Lacan En i onmen al poli ics C i ical poli ical heo y ABSTRACT In his pape , we explo e his dissonance be ween knowing and ac ing ha p oduces he cu en clima e deadlock by ocusing on ‘enjoymen ’ as a poli ical ac o . The enjoymen ha in uses he clima e change consensus and clima e ac i ism s ands as an a a a o he wide impasse ha cha ac e izes mos a emp s o in lec he a- jec o y o he u u e away om ‘accumula ion o accumula ion sake’ and i s associa ed socio-ecological ca- as ophe. Conside ing enjoymen as a poli ical ac o migh open a enues o e- aming he impasse o he p esen socio-ecological condi ion. We engage he Lacanian no ion o enjoymen (jouissance). Ou o e all a gumen is ha clima e, and i s change, is no only a h ea o he wo ld, bu also some hing ha is enjoyed in one way o he o he . To illus a e he Lacanian ake on enjoymen , we will di e en ia e be ween wo dominan s ands o enjoying clima e change: Fi s , a passiona e engagemen in des oying Na u e based on an impe a i e o enjoy ossil uels and wha hey me onymically s and o , and second, an equally passiona e commi men o sa ing Na u e based on an imagina y enjoymen ha s ems om enuncia ion and sac i ice. The pape p oceeds by a guing o he need o a e se he an asies ha sus ain he e y deadlock o he cu en si ua ion, a p ocess ha equi es e-sc ip ing he p ocess o poli ical subjec i a ion and ou libidinal a achmen s o he enjoymen o clima e change. I begins wi h a ickle and ends in a blaze o pe ol. Tha ’s always wha jouissance is. (Lacan, 2007: page 72) The imminen ca as ophe is conju ed up wi h a mix u e o embling and pleasu e and awai ed wi h bo h e o and longing. (Enzens- be ge , 1974: page 205) 1. Deadlocked clima e A ecen pape in Na u e Communica ions sugges ed ha ca bon emissions om Bi coin blockchain mining in China is expec ed o consume 296.60 Twh o elec ici y and emi 130.5 million me ic ons o ca bon o e he nex ew yea s (Jiang e al., 2021). These emissions would exceed he o al annualized g eenhouse gas emissions o he Czech Republic and Qa a combined. I will accoun o 5.4% o China’s o al ca bon emissions om elec ici y gene a ion. This li le igne e s ands as a symp om o he clima e deadlock we a e in. China has now banned Bi coin mining, bu he ene gy-gulping ope a ions ha e decamped o Kazakhs an, Russia, he U.S.A., and Canada. 1 Al hough he e is now a widely sha ed consensus on he pe ils o clima e change and he u gen need o e-o ganize he socio-ecological pa ame e s o li e o de lec he his o y o he u u e, e y li le eal impac has been achie ed in e ms o cu ailing g eenhouse gas emissions (Swyngedouw, 2022a). O e he pas wo decades o so, he en i onmen al ques ion and i s a icula ion wi h socio-ecological dynamics has been mains eamed and clima e change, in pa icula , has become he ha d ke nel a ound which he plane ’s p oblema ic en i onmen al condi ion ci cula es. The e is now a widesp ead consensus, suppo ed by a he e ogeneous alliance o social and poli ical ac o s, abou he dis u bing ac s o clima e change and he u gen need o ake immedia e and a - eaching ac ion. None- heless, despi e he scien i ic conce n and ala mis he o ic, he clima e pa ame e s keep e oding u he . The In e na ional Ene gy Agency e en s a ed ha emissions in 2021 inc eased by 6%, which ma ks a new wo ld ☆ Wi h hanks o Robe Fle che (2018) o coining his e m. * Co esponding au ho . Depa men o Geog aphy, SEED, The Uni e si y o Manches e , Ox o d Road, Manches e , M13 9PL, UK. E-mail add esses: [email p o ec ed] (L. Pohl), [email p o ec ed] (E. Swyngedouw). 1 See h ps://www.s a is a.com/s a is ics/1200477/bi coin-mining-by-coun y/. Con en s lis s a ailable a ScienceDi ec Poli ical Geog aphy jou nal homepage: www.else ie .com/loca e/polgeo h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102820 Recei ed 2 June 2022; Recei ed in e ised o m 13 Decembe 2022; Accep ed 25 Decembe 2022 Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 2 eco d in e ms o global ene gy- ela ed ca bon dioxide emissions. 2 These da a a i m he pa adoxical si ua ion we a e in and sugges ha access o and p esence o knowledge and ac s does no s and gua an ee o e ec i e in e en ion and ac ion (Swyngedouw, 2022a). This is u he e idenced by he ailu e o he 2022 COP27 mee ing in Egyp ha signalled abandoning he o iginally ag eed objec i e o keeping global empe a u e inc eases o below 1.5 ◦C. The di ide be ween knowledge and ac ion can be unde s ood as a classic case o wha psy- choanalys s call e ishis ic disa owal: “despi e he ac we know well [ he u h o he clima e si ua ion], we ac as i we do no know” (Mannoni, 2003). I he e is an inc easing social, scien i ic, and poli ical awa eness and consensus oday ha clima e change will no only pose se ious p oblems o he u u e, bu is al eady a majo p oblem oday, why is he e no ac ion unde aken ha akes his knowledge se iously? Why do we s ill seem o be on a highway o a p esumed clima e A mageddon? In his pape , we shall explo e his dissonance be ween knowing and ac ing ha p oduces he clima e deadlock by ocusing on enjoymen as a poli ical ac o . We engage Jacques Lacan’s no ion o enjoymen – jouissance – as i allows us o unde s and clima e change no only a h ea o he wo ld, bu also some hing ha is enjoyed in one way o he o he (o ha is e en enjoyed ‘as a h ea ’). Since he Lacanian no ion o enjoymen has mul iple laye s and di e en conno a ions, we in oduce his no ion and conside i s ele ance o poli ical heo y and poli ical geog aphy oday. The subsequen pa conside s he place o enjoymen in o ms o clima e discou ses and p ac ices. 3 We will di e en ia e be ween wo dominan s ands o enjoymen ela ed o clima e change. Fi s , a passiona e engagemen in des oying Na u e based on an impe a i e o enjoy ossil uels and wha hey me onymically s and o and, second, an equally passiona e commi men o sa ing Na u e based on an imagina y enjoymen ha s ems om enuncia ion and sac i ice. The pape p o- ceeds by a guing o he need o a e se he an asies ha sus ain he e y deadlock o he cu en si ua ion, a p ocess ha equi es e- sc ip ing he p ocess o poli ical subjec i a ion and ou libidinal a - achmen s o he enjoymen o he clima e and i s change. We shall sugges how his opens he way o he aboli ion o bo h human a ach- men o he des uc ion o he plane and o sac i ice o he igh s o Na u e, and inaugu a es he possibili y o a Real enjoymen o clima e change. In he nex pa , we shall i s si ua e he ele ance o his pe spec i e in he con ex o he ongoing deba e o e he poli ical na u e o clima e change. 2. (De)Poli icizing clima e change The e is a wide ange o li e a u e in poli ical geog aphy and cogna e ields ha conside s he poli iciza ion o clima e change. This esea ch ocuses p ima ily on ei he examining he poli ical and socio-economic condi ions unde lying clima e change o on eme ging new poli ical pe spec i es opened up by clima e change and ela ed conce ns. A key in e en ion a gues ha An h opocene and clima e change a e no only “human-made” bu un old h ough speci ic human-socie al (i.e. ossil uel capi alis ) condi ions (B and & Wissen, 2021; Fos e e al., 2010; Hube , 2022; Klein, 2015; Malm & Ho nbo g, 2014; Moo e, 2016; Pa el & Moo e, 2017; Pohl & Tomˇ siˇ c, 2021; Swyngedouw, 2013; ˇ Ziˇ zek, 2008). The poli iciza ion o clima e change eme ges, so he a gumen goes, h ough he s uc u al inequali ies and unequal de elopmen associa ed wi h he ecological dynamics unleashed by con inuously ans o ming capi alis dynamics. Clima ic p ocesses a e inse ed wi hin he combined and une en de elopmen o capi alism. This is u he e-en o ced and ex ended by pos -colonial schola s who emphasize how he colonial oo s o capi alism and hei inhe en acializa ion p oduce dis inc and dis u bing o ms o deeply acialized and gende ed dis ibu ion o en i onmen al isk and ulne abili y (Da is & Todd, 2018; E ickson, 2020; Mi chell & Chaudhu y, 2020; Sul ana, 2022; T´ aíw` o, 2022; Weizman, 2015; Why e, 2016, 2018, 2020; Williams, 2021, Yuso , 2018). O he accoun s ocus di ec ly on e hinking he “poli ics o na- u e” (La ou , 2004) and explo e new poli ical pe spec i es on clima e and ela ed issues. New ma e ialis app oaches, o example, add ess clima e change as he ul ima e p oo ha poli ics needs o be libe a ed om i s an h opocen ism by ex ending igh s and poli ical oice o all manne o o he - han-human ac o s (Bulkeley, 2019; Con y, 2018; Fox & Alld ed, 2020a, 2020b; Ha away, 2016; Head & Gibson, 2012; La ou , 2017; Schmid , 2013; Yuso , 2016). In addi ion, analyses o he poli iciza ion o clima e change c i ically explo e dominan o ms o clima e poli ics and policies, anging om assessing he (geo)poli ical modes o go e ning ha seek o manage clima e change as a p oblem o (and o ) in e na ional geo-poli ical e- la ions, so e eign s a es, and associa ed global eli es (Ba ne , 2007; B aun, 2014; Bulkeley, 2005; Dalby, 2013; Wainw igh & Mann, 2013; Willis, 2017) o new o ms o collec i e esis ance ha aim o challenge he dominan e ms o clima e poli ics (Boswo h, 2020; Cha e on e al., 2013; Co y & Reine , 2020; Fea he s one, 2013; Malm, 2021; Ma qua d , 2020; No h, 2010; Schlembach, 2011). A numbe o in- e locu o s ha e a gued how he clima e change discou se and ela ed policy p ac ices ha e been dep i ed o i s poli ical na u e and is an in- eg al pa o an ongoing p ocess o pos -poli iciza ion (Be glez & Olausson, 2014; Be ini, 2013; Cela a & Sanna, 2012; Goeminne, 2012; Kenis, 2015, 2019; Kenis & Ma hijs, 2014; MacG ego , 2014; Machin, 2013; Ma qua d & Lede e , 2022; Pepe mans & Maeseele, 2016; Schlembach e al., 2012; Swyngedouw, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015; Wil- liams & Boo h, 2013). This pos -poli ical condi ion is cha ac e ized by a gene alized consensus ega ding he se iousness o he en i onmen al si ua ion, while, a he same ime, disa owing o o eclosing adical a emp s o d aw he consequences om his (Swyngedouw, 2022c). In his con ex o p oli e a ing subs an i e c i ical esea ch on he dynamics and socio-ecological consequences o clima e change, he p esen pape expands on his depoli icized con igu a ion o mains eam poli ical ac ion. While mos poli ical-ecological esea ch ocuses on he how he o ma i e ole o unequal class, pos -colonial, o gende powe ela ions, o ms o socio-ecological exclusion, and conside a ions o ecological o clima e jus ice shape he clima e deba e, his con ibu ion is p ima ily conce ned wi h mains eam clima e ac ions, mo emen s, and p ac ices. Poli ical heo y and p ac ice a e cus oma ily heo ized and concep- ualized in e ms o ei he he sea ch o he ‘public good’ o social powe . This iew also in lec s, o cou se, much o he en i onmen - ocused poli ical pe spec i es. 4 The mos signi ican insigh o poli ical heo y om a psychoanaly ic pe spec i e, in con as , is o place ‘enjoymen ’ a he hea o i (S a akakis, 2007). This pe mi s o make sense o he ac ha indi iduals o en ac agains o iola e hei sel -in e es . As Todd McGowan (2019: page 206) s a es: I he aim o ou poli ical ac i i y is o disco e a way o o ganizing and dis ibu ing enjoymen , hen ac ions ha iola e ou sel -in e es lose hei anomalous s a us and become he ule a he han he excep ion, since enjoymen occu s h ough he des uc ion a he han he ad ancemen o ou sel -in e es . We enjoy h ough o ms o sel sac i ice, and in poli ics we enjoy he sac i ice o ou own good. We mobilise his Lacanian no ion o enjoymen as an in luen ial ac o ha may help o accoun o he ac ual clima e deadlock 2 See h ps://www.iea.o g/news/global-co2-emissions- ebounded- o- hei -highes -le el-in-his o y-in-2021. 3 O cou se, he e a e o he discou ses and p ac ices. In his pape , we ocus on wo o demons a e and subs an ia e he Lacanian no ion o ‘enjoymen as a poli ical ac o ’. 4 See, o example, Poli ical Geog aphy’s Vi ual Fo um on En i onmen al Limi s, Sca ci y and Deg ow h (in oduced by Benjaminsen (2021), and And eucci and Zog a os (2022). L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 3 in oduced abo e. Enjoymen ope a es as a poli ical ac o h ough ansg essing he consensus and p e ailing no ms abou wha is accep able and pe missible, ye i is a d i ing o ce in keeping he clima e changing. Indeed, as we a gue below, enjoymen is a wo k o bo h hose who cling o he o ces ha a e des oying he plane and hose who a e ying o sa e i , he e o e allowing us o ocus “on he con a y di ec ions ha subjec s o ideology ind hemsel es pulled in” (Hook, 2017, page 609). We a gue ha unde s anding he enjoymen as poli ical ac o is indeed a cen al ca ego y o making poli ical sense o clima e change. 3. Enjoymen as a poli ical geog aphical ac o Wi hin he cu en accoun s on he poli ical implica ions o clima e change, he e is ising awa eness ega ding he psychic dynamics in ol ed in (no ) changing he s a us quo, which is why psychoanaly ic heo y, in pa icula , has been inc easingly applied in ecen yea s o in es iga ing clima e poli ics (Da idson, 2012; Dean, 2016; Fle che , 2013, 2018; Healy, 2014; O ange, 2016; Swyngedouw, 2010, 2011, 2022a; Wa , 2021; Wein obe, 2021). In his pape , we mobilise he no ion o “enjoymen as a poli ical ac o ”, which is a ph ase coined by Sla oj ˇ Ziˇ zek ((2008); see also Dean, 2006), and ela es o he Lacanian sense o enjoymen as jouissance, a iew ha sugges s how enjoymen is p ecisely wha de ines he subjec and cons i u es a c ucial, i uncon- scious, ec o anima ing li e i sel (see Hook, 2017). Jouissance is one o he co ne s ones o Lacan’s eaching and o en conside ed one o his mos impo an as well as complex concep ual in e en ions (B aun- s ein, 2020; Leade , 2021). Jouissance is p edica ed upon a lack, a gap, o absence o be co e ed, an insa iable sea ch o comple eness and wholeness, and Lacanian psychoanalysis loca es he o igin o his lack in a cons i u i e loss o jouissance. A e en e ing he symbolic (and mainly linguis ically cons i u ed social) o de , which equals o Lacan he momen o becoming a subjec p ope , he subjec is ma ked by “symbolic cas a- ion”, dep i ed o i s subs ance (which i ne e ac i ely possessed) (Hook, 2006). The longing (o a he d i e) o e ie e his p imo dial bliss is p ecisely wha se s enjoymen in mo ion. While enjoymen unc ions on he one hand as he my hic and impossible p e-condi ion o he subjec , which Lacan also calls “ he Thing” (Lacan, 1992), i simul- aneously eme ges as he o e e ailing a emp o ill ou he gap, o become whole again, and will d i e he subjec o wa d. This (dea h) d i e pushes he subjec con inuously “beyond he pleasu e p inciple” (F eud, 1990 [1920]), he la e unde s ood as a s a e o pu e bliss ul exis ence wi hou pain o su e ing. Enjoymen – in con as o pleasu e – is his insa iable, anxie y- idden and o en pain ul, bu incessan ly ailing a emp o su u e he oid opened up by symbolic cas a ion. Since he subjec is incapable o acing he loss qua Thing-in-i sel , because he Thing solely unc ions as a pu ely nega i e e e ence poin , he only possibili y o he subjec o engage wi h i s loss is by aising ano he objec “ o he digni y o he Thing” (Lacan, 1992, page 112). The oid ha s uc u es he subjec ’s psychic appa a us becomes s ained wi h a spec al p esence, which Lacan deno es as “ he objec -cause o desi e” o “objec a”. This ype o objec is essen ial o Lacan, because i allows he subjec o ‘gi e body’ o he lack (o enjoymen ) ha pe pe ua es i s exis ence. While he Thing is pu ely absen , he objec a is a so o ‘p esen -absence’, i is “a- hing” (Lacan, 2007, page 159), which unc ions as a em(a)inde o he los enjoymen he subjec s i es o . Objec a is he phan asmago ical ‘li le hing’ ha se s desi e in o mo ion and p omises ul ilmen and comple ion, bu ul ima ely ne e eally sa is ies ully. Desi e is hus he “o he pole” o enjoymen (Lacan, 2017, page 236). While he la e eme ges ou o a gap, a oid, a no hingness, he o me ci cula es a ound a eal o imagina y ‘small a’ ha anima es he subjec in he pu sui o a ‘li le’ o pa ial sa is ac ion, one ha is ne e ully eally ‘i ’. Indeed, o p ese e hei possibili y o enjoymen , he subjec clings o loss and o he su e ing i en ails. As Jodi Dean (Dean, 2006, page 4) explains: [E]njoymen (jouissance) e e s o an excessi e pleasu e and pain, o ha some hing ex a ha wis s pleasu e in o a ascina ing, e en unbea able in ensi y. … i is a special kind o agony, an agony ha makes us eel mo e ali e, mo e ully p esen , mo e in une wi h wha makes li e wo h li ing, and dying o , han any hing else. Enjoy- men , hen, is his ex a, his excess beyond he gi en, measu able, a ional, and use ul. Enjoymen is cen ally abou “I can’ ge no, o a he no enough, sa is ac ion!” Hence, subjec s become caugh in he ci cula and epe - i i e p ocess o a aining each ime again he ‘ hing’ ha ails o do wha an asy p omised, because he p esumed quali ies o he objec (objec a) o inally ‘comple e’ he subjec does no o igina e om he objec i sel (al hough i s pa icula cha ac e is ics a e in oked as ca ie s o possible sa is ac ion), bu om he an asy s uc u e i is placed in. Take, o example, he commodi y as he en i y (acco ding o Ma x) ha is p e- sumably ull o phan asmago ical possibili ies and p omises, ye , when acqui ed, loses i s appeal, and becomes again he mundane hing ha sus ains capi alis social ela ions. As soon as he subjec comes oo close o i , he supposed em(a)inde o he Thing loses i s unc ion as an objec -cause o desi e. While enjoymen is an asmago ically ci cula ing a ound an objec -cause o desi e (objec a), his ‘ hing’ ne e eally sa is ies ully, which is why Lacan (2007) conside s he no ion o ‘su - plus enjoymen ’ as i ing pe ec ly o he discou se o capi alism, which p o ides an endless (bu ne e ul illed) p omise o e e new in- ca na ions o he objec a (Lacan, 2007; see also McGowan, 2016). Enjoymen he e o e equi es and is embedded in a an asy con igu a- ion closely associa ed wi h he posi ion o he subjec in he social bond (see Swyngedouw, 2022a). I is c ucial, no only o he indi idual, bu also o he o ganiza ion o socie y. As Dylan E ans (1999, page 20) pu s i : jouissance is no me ely a p i a e a ai bu is s uc u ed in acco - dance wi h a social logic, and … his logic changes o e ime, p e- sumably by i ue o some economic o o he de e minan … Lacan seems o be saying some hing like his: jouissance is as much a p oblem o socie y as i is o he indi idual. F om a Lacanian s andpoin , he ield o he social, o socie y, is o ganized h ough he Symbolic (and he Imagina y). In Al husse ian e ms, he Symbolic hails he subjec in o aking pa icula subjec po- si ions and associa ed iden i ies h ough wha he de ined as ‘ideological s a e appa a uses’ (Al husse , 1971). Sla oj ˇ Ziˇ zek ans o med his pe spec i e u he by insis ing ha e e yday li e i sel is s uc u ed as an asy. Ideology he e o e does no unc ion as a smokesc een o alse ep esen a ion ha co e s a hidden, bu eco e able, eali y (and i s u h), bu is he ac ual li ed expe ience h ough which social o de is p oduced (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 1989, page 45). Socie y can only be p ope ly aken in o accoun i one no only en- gages wi h he o ces ha s abilize and sus ain i s social o de , bu also wi h wha s icks ou , esis s, and p e en s he subjec om ully assuming he symbolically p esc ibed subjec i e posi ion. This is whe e Lacan’s enigma ic no ion o he Real comes in o play. Fo Lacan, he wo ld o he symbolic o de is always lacking. I is an uns able, shi ing, and necessa ily incomple e egis e . The e is always excess, a emainde L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 4 o eminde , a ha d ke nel ha s icks o he wo ld like a ishbone in he h oa and exe s an unalienable sc a ch, pull, o lu e (Pohl & Swynge- douw, 2021a). This is he Real, a complex, shi ing spec al p esence ha “ esis s symbolisa ion absolu ely” (Lacan, 1991, page 66). The e is al- ways a gap be ween he Real and any a emp a i s symbolic assimila- ion. Wi hin his slippe y and inconsis en con igu a ion, he Imagina y co e s his spli o inconsis ency, and p o ides an illusiona y sense o uni y, cohe ence, o comple eness o he wo ld. The ela ionship be ween enjoymen and Lacan’s h ee egis e s o he Imagina y, he Symbolic, and he Real ep esen s he key o ou accoun o enjoymen as a poli ical ac o . While enjoymen is o en conside ed as mainly ela ed o he Real, due o i s a achmen o he loss a ound which he subjec e ol es, enjoymen ne e heless also ela es o he Imagina y and he Symbolic, especially in socie ies in which enjoymen becomes a dominan ea u e o o ganize he social bond. One o he s onges con ibu ions in his ega d is McGowan’s The End o Dissa is ac ion? (McGowan, 2004). McGowan pos ula es a shi in socie y (o igina ing in he ise o neolibe alism in he 1980s), which is bo h cha ac e is ic o ad anced capi alis socie ies and symp oma ic o cul u al change in gene al, a shi om a socie y ounded on he p o- hibi ion o enjoymen o a socie y in which enjoymen becomes a social du y, an alizingly p omising an end o dissa is ac ion. This impe a i e o enjoy s ems di ec ly om Lacan, who insis s h oughou his eaching: “The supe ego is he impe a i e o jouissance – Enjoy!” (Lacan, 1999, page 3). While we ag ee wi h McGowan’s diagnosis, we conside i equally impo an o egis e ha p ohibi ion has no been elimina ed ully. ˇ Ziˇ zek makes his poin when obse ing a end in con empo a y consume socie y o sell p oduc s ha a e dep i ed o hei subs ance (co ee wi hou ca eine, c eam wi hou a , bee wi hou alcohol, e c.). The c edo behind his, as ˇ Ziˇ zek (2003, page 96) p oposes, is he ollowing one: “[e] e y hing is pe mi ed, you can enjoy e e y hing, bu dep i ed o i s subs ance, which makes i dange ous”. This injunc ion is p e ailing in much o wha is claimed oday as sus ainable li es yles, and e en en i onmen al ac i ism, as we shall explo e u he below. In ecen yea s, i has been emphasized epea edly ha he Lacanian concep o enjoymen can be a ui ul concep o geog aphe s o engage wi h (Kingsbu y, 2008). One o he ea lies a emp s in his ega d s ems om Paul Kingsbu y (2005), who poin s o he “poli ics o enjoymen ” by emphasizing how Jamaican ou ism, wi h all i s spa ial jux aposi ions and concen a ions, encou ages ou is s sadis ically o enjoy he exhi- bi ion and in lic ion o p i ilege, and wo ke s masochis ically o enjoy disa owing hei socio-economic condi ions. O he geog aphical ac- coun s emphasize he obscene enjoymen inhe en o geopoli ics (Hansson, 2022; Seco , 2018; Shaw e al., 2014), spo e en s (Kings- bu y, 2011; P oud oo , 2010), u ban policing (Meye , 2021; P oud oo , 2019), emancipa ion (Swyngedouw, 2022b), he en i onmen (Bu n- ham and Kingsbu y, 2021; Healy, 2014; Swyngedouw, 2022c; Wa , 2021), he poli ics o biodi e si y p ese a ion (Fle che , 2013), de el- opmen p ac ice and policy (Kapoo , 2020; Wilson, 2014, 2015), o a chi ec u al des uc ion and uina ion (Pohl, 2018, 2021). Wha all hese con ibu ions, despi e hei a ious empi ical ields, sha e is a e e ence o jouissance as no only a poli ical bu also a poli ical geog aphical ac o . While enjoymen can ne e ully be ins i u ional- ized, i s ill in e enes in all kinds o poli ical ins i u ionaliza ion as well as poli ical discou ses and p ac ices. Enjoymen should hus be consid- e ed as bo h a condi ion and consequence o poli ical spaces, and as some hing ha can only be cap u ed h ough he se o poli ical p ac- ices ha s uc u e hese spaces. 4. Enjoying clima e change In he ollowing sec ion, we ace how enjoymen unc ions as a poli ical ac o in ela ion o clima e change. We shall p ima ily, bu no exclusi ely, ocus on he Global No h as a p ime example o consid- e ing he enjoymen o clima e change, no only because i is om he e ha one can de ine he kind o p o o ypes o ‘socie ies o enjoymen ’ (McGowan, 2004), bu also because he coun ies o he Global No h a e he main d i e s o clima e change and bea he main poli ical e- sponsibili y o he ca as ophic impac s o he changing clima e. 4.1. The supe ego injunc ion o enjoy ossil uels Sa ah Palin’s memo able s a emen ‘D ill, Baby, D ill’ makes he enjoymen emana ing om discou ses and p ac ices o clima e change scep ics di ec ly palpable. While o me Ma yland Lieu enan Go e no Michael S eel – and la e Chai man o he U.S. Republican Na ional Commi ee – coined his e m du ing he 2008 Republican Con en ion in S . Paul, Minneso a, he s a emen gained uly global esonance when Republican Vice-P esiden ial nominee Sa ah Palin u e ed i du ing he 2008 ice-p esiden ial ele ision deba e wi h Joe Biden. She said: “The chan is ‘d ill, baby, d ill.’ And ha ’s wha we hea all ac oss his coun y in ou allies because people a e so hung y o hose domes ic sou ces o ene gy o be apped in o”. 5 As McGowan (2019, page 222) highligh s, i is di icul o igno e he libidinal a achmen insc ibed in his slogan. No jus he o e ly sexualized meaning and e o ic excess o he slogan s ikes – in ac , Pen house Co po a ion made a so -po n lick wi h he same i le and a Palin lookalike as a lead ac ess a yea la e 6 – Palin also exp esses wi h his slogan a deepe sa is ac ion wi h he con inuing des uc ion o he plane as well as wi h ansg essing he dominan scien i ic and b oad poli ical consensus abou he challenges and dange s posed by accele a ing an h opogenic clima e change. 7 This is jouissance a i s bes : an excessi e, pain ul, o en sel -des uc ing ye exhila a ing and no m- ansg essing deep pleasu e. Mo e p ecisely, one can speak he e o an enjoymen subsc ibed o he supe ego. The command o Enjoy! (Jouis!) becomes a pa icula ly ui ul o ce in capi alis socie ies as i s i es o a maximiza ion o enjoymen ha is bo h ul ima ely impossible and p o oundly ac i a ing. Especially in o- day’s neolibe al consume cul u e, i becomes a du y o enjoy in p e y much e e y possible way ( o enjoy you ood, you clo hes, you body, you wo k, you money, e c.). Howe e , enjoying as much and in as many ways as possible also means o enjoy in ways ha ansg ess he social. In doing so, he seemingly innocen call o enjoy in ol es an obscene, iolen and (sel -)des uc i e unde belly. This becomes exquisi ely exp essed in Palin’s desi e o ap in o domes ic sou ces o ene gy. “D ill, baby, d ill” means enjoying ossil uels a wha e e p ice. This enjoymen o ossil uels became an e en mo e p ominen poli ical ac o du ing T ump’s p esiden ial campaign in 2016. “T ump digs coal” was one o he p ominen slogans du ing his campaign, and i is again he bodily conno a ion o his slogan ha ecei es a en ion. 8 In ac , T ump’s imp obable p omise o sa e he beleague ed U.S. coal indus y is conside ed one o he easons o his success in he 2017 elec ions. Ano he ecen end in he U.S. ha ollows he impe a i e o enjoy by uelling a deepe sa is ac ion wi h he con inuing des uc ion o he plane is “ olling coal”. Rolling coal is an in en ional ac o ai pollu ion o he sake o en e ainmen o p o es . To do his, he pa icula e il e o a uck’s diesel engine is emo ed, and smoke swi ches and special exhaus pipes a e ins alled o eed mo e uel in o he engine and o emi la ge amoun s o soo y exhaus umes (see Fle che & Ku inec, 2018, pages 140–143). O en p ac iced in he p esence o hyb id ca s o aun hei d i e s, who a e gene ally conside ed en i onmen ally conscious ega ding hei ehicle choices, olling coal is u he used agains lib- e al p o es e s, o eign ca s, bicyclis s, o pedes ians. While he Uni ed 5 h ps://www.deba es.o g/ o e -educa ion/deba e- ansc ip s/2008-deba e- ansc ip -2/- accessed 6 Ap il 2021. Fu he e idence o he hi s o bu ning coal and apping U.S. coal ese es is o e ed by Mike Da is (2018). 6 h ps://www.imdb.com/ i le/ 1481354/. 7 Fo an ex ensi e s udy on he psycho-social ela ionship wi h ossil uels, see also LeMenage (2014). 8 See h ps:// o eignpolicy.com/2019/10/30/ ump-sa e-coal-coun y-mu ay-bank up cy-gas/. L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 5 S a es En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency al eady s a ed in July 2014 ha olling coal is illegal as i iola es he Clean Ai Ac , i s ill ecei es a lo o a en ion on social media, o en accompanied by slogans like “Ame ican eedom” and masculinis o enses agains p o es e s cam- paigning o a cleane en i onmen . As Sla oj ˇ Ziˇ zek emphasizes h oughou his wo k, such ansg essions o he law do no s and in con as o he supe ego’s unc ioning, bu a e in ac an inhe en pa o he supe ego’s command o enjoy: ‘The deepes iden i ica ion ha holds a communi y oge he is no so much an iden i ica ion wi h he Law ha egula es i s ‘no mal’ e e yday hy hms, bu a he iden i ica ion wi h he speci ic o m o ansg ession o he Law, o i s suspension (in psychoanaly ic e ms, wi h he speci ic o m o enjoymen )’ (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 2006, page 228). Following ˇ Ziˇ zek, issues like he Ku Klux Klan lynchings, sexual abuses o child en by Ca holic p ies s, o he aping and mu de ing o mili a y p isone s by soldie s a e no excep- ional abe a ions, bu a he iolen ou bu s s o an “obscene unde - side”, which o ms he necessa y supplemen o public alues like pe sonal digni y, democ acy, and eedom, and which inhe en ly ela es o he supe ego’s injunc ion o Enjoy! (see also Kingsbu y, 2017, page 5). Some hing simila is exp essed by p ac ices like “ olling coal”. While o icially b eaking he law, “coal olle s” should no be conside ed ‘ou side’ he social o de o U.S. cul u e and poli ics, bu a he as hei obscene unde side. In he s udy o “pe o-masculini y”, Ca a Dagge e e s o he plea- su able expe ience o “ olling coal” by s a ing ha “[s]pec a o s and coal olle s exp ess pleasu e in he noise, he smell, and he beau y o he smoke, all o which gi e hem a sensa ion o powe ha … is di ec ly ela ed o he smoke’s iolen e ec s” (Dagge , 2018, page 41). F om a Lacanian s andpoin , i should be emphasized ha i is no so much pleasu e bu enjoymen ha is a s ake in olling coal. Mo e p ecisely, i migh be wo h ecalling one o Lacan’s occasional “de ini ions” o enjoymen as “wha se es o no hing” (Lacan, 1999, page 3, ans- la ion modi ied). To pu i in o he wo ds, enjoymen con ibu es no hing o he sa is ac ion o pa icula needs, and has no use ulness o pu pose excep i sel . The e m “su plus enjoymen ” ha Lacan coined in e e ence o Ma x’s no ion o “su plus alue” is mean o ele a e his de achmen o enjoymen om any use ulness o he le el o his concep (Lacan, 2006). Jus as su plus alue poin s o an essen ial ea u e o capi alism, namely, he o ganiza ion o p oduc ion a ound he impe a- i e o pe pe ual g ow h and accumula ion o alue, in o he wo ds, a ound “p oduc ion o he sake o p oduc ion” (Ma x, 1976 [1859], page 595), su plus enjoymen s ands o enjoymen o he sake o enjoymen . “Jouissance is was e”, as Alenka Zupanˇ ciˇ c (2006) pu s i . This allows us o emphasize ha his uselessness is inhe en in he enjoymen o clima e change. The e is no highe cause o ac i ely inc easing ai pollu ion o he han he pollu ion i sel . Pollu ion o he sake o pollu ion. In his way, coal olling, as well as Palin’s and T ump’s (and hei suppo e s) passiona e p omo ions o ossil uels, eed he excessi e, des uc i e, exploi i e o ces ha lead o clima e change in i s place. A simila p ocess o ‘enjoying clima e change’ has been obse ed in he con ex o eco-businesses o whom he ecological c isis o e s new p o i and accumula ion possibili ies, while he e y d i e o g ow h escala es u he he clima e c isis (B adshaw & Zwick, 2016). In ligh o he supe ego’s command o enjoy, des oying he plane is nei he acciden al no unnecessa y, bu a he has o be conside ed as he obscene unde side o he social bond, especially in socie ies ha ely on ossil capi alism (Malm, 2017). As long as we a e obliged o enjoy ossil uels, he e is a ce ain du y o do his a he cos o des oying he en i onmen . On he le el o enjoymen , clima e change is hus he p ice o pay o o ganizing enjoymen in a ce ain way. 4.2. The imagina y enjoymen o en i onmen al poli ics So a , we ha e mainly ocused on he conse a i e side o clima e poli ics and ac ion as being d i en by he supe ego injunc ion o enjoy ossil uels. On he o he side o he poli ical spec um, many en i on- men al ac i is s wo ldwide p o e he enjoymen o sac i ice as a way ou o ou clima e pickle. 9 Renouncing excessi e consump ion based on ossil uels, p omo ing ‘ lygskam’ ( ligh shame), and educing au o- mobili y as mo alizing ploys, ege a ianism, ecycling, and he anxie y- idden i no dep ession-inducing loop o he always insu icien asce ism o make he ea h and i s clima e whole(some) again indica e a libidinal a achmen o sac i ice as a oad o ullness. This sense o enjoymen ha ela es o a ious kinds o en i onmen al ac i ism could be called “imagina y enjoymen ”, an enjoymen dis inguishable bu insepa able om he supe ego’s impe a i e o Enjoy! As McGowan pu s i , imagina y enjoymen “allows he subjec o emain secu ely oo ed in i s symbolic iden i y; i espec s symbolic ba ie s, e en as i o e s he subjec he illusion o ansg essing hem, which is why i doesn’ h ea en he s abili y o he symbolic o de ” (McGowan, 2004, page 71). This kind o enjoymen is especially s ong in oday’s p e ailing con- sume demands o sus ainable and en i onmen ally iendly goods and se ices. 10 Wha imagina y enjoymen e e s o is a change o habi s and li es yles (as a esponse o clima e change) by becoming ege a ian, ecycling, educing ca bon oo p in , e c …, bu wi hou changing he socio-symbolic o de ha leads o clima e change in he i s place. In doing so, imagina y enjoymen ansg esses he injunc ion o enjoy ossil uels by es ablishing a an asy o ecupe a ing a once wholesome (po- li ical, social, and en i onmen al) clima e ha excessi e consump ion based on ossil uels has de ailed, bu which can be egained wi h he igh sac i icial pu sui . Compa ed wi h he supe ego’s injunc ion o enjoy, he e oo, enjoy- men is associa ed wi h an un ul illable sa is ac ion and wi h he deep pleasu es p opelled by ansg essing he hegemonic ways o speaking and ac ing. The ecen wa e o en i onmen al ac i ism cen ed on gluing onesel o a amous wo k o a o h owing pain s a i wi hou ac ually damaging he a wo ks a e o he illus a ions o his. Enjoying sac i icial cons ain now o achie e ull sa is ac ion la e is indeed s angely akin o he sac i ices enjoined by he in e nal loop o incessan capi alis consump ion, d i en oo by he u ge o ge sa is ac ion om he nex p oduc on he shel , jus o expe ience ha u he sac i ice is equi ed as he ailu e o each new p oduc o ins il ull and inal sa is ac ion inci es he ush o he nex . As Jodi Dean main ains, enjoying clima e change un olds in Manichean pa allel o he ci cui o enjoymen ha uels he d i e o accumula ion: Enjoymen o des uc ion, punishmen , and knowing ci cula es in he same loop as capi alis enjoymen o expendi u e, accumula ion, and was e, an enjoymen u he ed by ossil uels, bu no educible o hem … In his ci cui , cap i a ion in enjoymen uels he exploi a- ion, exp op ia ion, and ex ac ion d i ing he capi alis sys em: mo e, mo e, mo e; endless ci cula ion, dispossession, des uc ion, and accumula ion; ceaseless, limi less dea h. Incapaci a ed by magni ude, boggled by scale, he Le ge s o on mo alism, 9 We a e awa e ha he “ he Wes ” is a somewha easy a ge when i comes o examining he pi alls o poli ical esponses o clima e change. Fo example, ac oss La in Ame ica, we encoun e poli ical esponses o clima e change ha go beyond he linkages o enjoymen and clima e change we ou lined abo e. Resou ces ex ac ion, o example, p oduces ex ao dina y socio-ecological con lic s and en i onmen al deg ada ion, while en i onmen al ac i ism is o en accompanied by li e- h ea ening dange s, especially o indigenous pop- ula ions. These condi ions make i inc easingly impossible o enjoy clima e change, al hough one migh say ha hey a e he ‘obscene unde belly’ o he echnological and ins i u ional ad ances ha secu e a socio-ecologically sen- sible li e elsewhe e. 10 This chimes e y well wi h he sac i icial na u e o capi alism i sel (see McGowan, 2016). The dynamics o capi alism a e inhe en ly sac i icial as en- i onmen s, people, and indeed, pe sonal enjoymen a e su ende ed o assu - ing he sus ainabili y o capi alism as a mo e o less cohe en socio-ecological con igu a ion. L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 6 complexi y, and disas e – e en as he poli ics o a capi alis class de e mined o p o i om ca as ophe con inues. (Dean, 2016, page 2) One o he backbones o imagina y enjoymen is ha he los enjoymen ( he Thing) has been “s olen” by an O he whose e y enjoymen s ands as he ulc um o wha is p esumably los (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 1993, page 203, see also P oud oo , 2019). Take, o example, his quo e om a speech gi en by G e a Thunbe g a he B i ish Houses o Pa liamen in Ap il 2019: I was o una e o be bo n in a ime and place whe e e e yone old us o d eam big; I could become wha e e I wan ed o. I could li e whe e e I wan ed o. People like me had e e y hing we needed and … ye now we may ha e no hing. Now we p obably don’ e en ha e a u u e any mo e. Because ha u u e was sold so ha a small numbe o people could make unimaginable amoun s o money. I was s olen om us … (Thunbe g, 2019: page 58) While Thunbe g’s “you ha e s olen my d eams” is a powe ul s a emen , i ne e heless ci cula es a ound he los jouissance, allegedly s olen by an O he who ‘ eally’ enjoys. The wo ld p io o clima e change is conside ed h ough a nos algic ose- in ed gaze in which e e y hing was possible, and e en mo e so, e e y hing was a ailable, a wo ld ha ne e eally exis ed in he i s place. The p esen , in con as , appea s as a wo ld o loss, a wo ld in which no hing may be possible anymo e, no e en he u u e. And his un olded h ough he pu sui o someone else’s enjoymen , he eby s ealing ou s. Thunbe g eac i a es a sense o loss ha is a common mo i in en i onmen al ac i ism oday, and which ela es o no ions like “solas algia” (Alb ech e al., 2007), “ecological g ie ” (Cunsolo & Ellis, 2018), and o he o ms o en i on- men al mou ning. The wo ld p io o clima e change, o e en ‘Na u e’ mo e gene ally, is posi ed as some-Thing, which p o ided us wi h a sense o wholeness and comple eness, and which is now los . I o e ed a o m o “on ological secu i y” (Pohl & Helb ech , 2022) ha equi es ecap u ing. This pe spec i e can be adically called in o ques ion by he poli ical p ojec o psychoanalysis. As McGowan (2013, pages 39–40) emphasizes: The belie in he subs an iali y o he los objec uels he p e alence o nos algia as a mode o ela ion o ou o igins. We d eam o eco e ing he objec and es o ing he comple e enjoymen ha we belie e ou sel es o ha e once had p io o he expe ience o loss. This enjoymen ne e exis ed … By insis ing ha loss is cons i u i e o he subjec , psychoanaly ic hough wo ks o comba nos algia and i s poisoning o con empo a y poli ics. While psychoanalysis does no deny ha he e is loss in ol ed in clima e change, i allows us o call in o ques ion whe he he enjoymen p io o he loss e e exis ed. F om a psychoanaly ic s andpoin , e e y loss en ails a momen o e oac i i y h ough which he los objec is gi en a new my hical quali y, he eby dis o ing wha i once was, i i e e was: “Wha we expe ience as [clima e change] ‘ eali y’ discloses i sel agains he backg ound o he lack, o he absence … o he Thing, o he my hical objec whose encoun e would b ing abou he ull sa is ac ion …” (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 1993, page 37). The Thing ela es o he assumedly wholesome (na u al) wo ld be o e he clima e c isis; a wo ld ha is los and a he same ime linked o an una ainable enjoymen . Howe e , since his wo ld is conside ed as no only los bu ‘s olen om us’, i also means ha he e is hope o eco e ing his wo ld and es o ing comple e enjoymen . The clima e conund um and he dominan discu si e ma ix ha sus ains i s enjoymen ope a es h ough p ojec ing a an asy ha is anima ed by a gene ic wish o p oduce a socially and en i onmen ally ‘sus ainable’ (i.e. good) socie y in a clima ic en i onmen ha suppo s and nu u es such cohesion. None heless, while i is gene ally ecog- nized ha undamen al ans o ma ions in he socio-ecological o de called capi alism a e necessa y o a e ca as ophe, his knowledge is an asmago ically displaced on o a e ain o nudging indi idual beha iou , nu u ing eco- echnological change, and e-a anging o p oducing new ins i u ional con igu a ions and manage ial appa a uses, while ep essing (o a he disa owing) he auma ic o igins o he making o his p oblema ic clima e. 4.3. G eenhouse gases as objec a The an asy sc een ha nu u es he imagina y enjoymen o en i- onmen al ac i ism ci cles a ound a pa icula an asy o wha ‘Na u e’ is (S a akakis, 1997, 1999), a icula ed h ough signi ie s like equi- lib ium, adap a ion, esilience, socio-ecological inclusion, and ha mony (Swyngedouw, 2018a). The an asy o ‘Mo he Na u e’ is s ill a pe o - ma i e igu e in en i onmen al poli ics oday (Pohl & Helb ech , 2022). Take, o ins ance, he slogan “Don’ mess wi h Mo he ” which is a common mo i on shi s and banne s a clima e p o es s, and which is, o cou se, jus ano he e sion o a e y old mo i o he ‘ e enge o Na- u e’. I you do no ac acco ding o Mo he Na u e’s will, she will punish you. This no ion is also encoun e ed among poli ical libe als. Fo example, Be nie Sande s s a ed du ing he 2016 p esiden ial campaign ha “[w]e ha e an enemy ou he e, and ha enemy is going o cause d ough and loods and ex eme wea he dis u bances”. The lu e o his an asy ci cles a ound simul aneously po aying an in ude ha mus be ough o a oid an apocalyp ic o , a leas ca as ophic, u u e and p omising he possibili y o a wholesome wo ld o bo h human and non-human ea hlings as some hing ha can be ealized wi hin he amewo k o he exis ing sys em, i we only ac now. Ce ainly, his is a g ea example o he ac ha “ he ise o ‘ he igh s o Na u e’ is a con empo a y o m o he opium o he people”, as Alain Badiou (quo ed in Fel ham, 2008, page 139) pu s i . The los enjoymen lu king wi hin he an asy o Mo he Na u e appea s in each i only he un uly clima e can be manicu ed h ough app op ia e echno-manage ial in e en ions, so he hegemonic clima e a gumen goes. Two in e ela ed imagina ies in e sec he e. On he one hand, he clima e is unde s ood o ee beyond he bounda ies ha migh pe mi sus aining ci iliza ion as we know i and, he e o e, he clima e sys em has o be e u ned o ce ain bounda y pa ame e s in o de o achie e he possibili ies o e-cons i u ing a p esumably los wholesome Ea h. The looming ca as ophe is measu ed agains an appa en ly once exis ing bu now los clima e equilib ium ha equi es es o ing o achie e (again) a ha monious socio-ecological balance. On he o he hand, achie ing his an asy o a possible ‘good’ wo ld-cum- clima e e ol es, in u n, a ound managing a pa icula hing – objec a – a ound which his desi e o a good socie y becomes a icula ed. Ou desi e becomes s uc u ed by he way he symbolized clima e si ua ion ‘gazes’ a us (Dean, 2016). Indeed, he desi e o a jus and ecologically benign and clima e-s able u u e ha unde pins much o clima e discou se and ac ion becomes displaced in and a icula ed a ound a mission o cu , cap u e, o se , o elimina e g eenhouse gas emissions (Wa , 2021). I is his spec al imagina y-ma e ial hing ha se s in mo ion ou desi e, a longing o a ha monious, socially jus and ecologically sensible wo ld, one ha ci cles a ound pa icula bio-physical pa icles. Dealing wi h g eenhouses gases becomes he s and-in o he Thing, he impossible – since oo a ou o each, oo big o ackle, oo un- known, oo ea ul o eally con empla e, oo impossibly dis an , ou libidinal a achmen o he exis ing si ua ion oo in ense o con empla e losing i – condi ion ha would eally add ess he win p oblem o egali a ian social inclusion and socio-ecological sensibili y. The la e is ma ked by an impo ence o mobilise a poli ical name o he desi ed u u e o come. In con as , CO 2 (and CH 4 o NOx) becomes an objec a ha anima es a e ishis ic displacemen om he as oo pain ul and excessi e expe ienced desi e o he making o a di e en wo ld in he wo ld (Swyngedouw, 2018b), some hing ha much o he c i ical clima e esea ch insis s on. As an objec a, CO 2 pe mi s e aining he d i e o a jus and ecologically sensible socie y h ough a de-cen ing o L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 7 his desi e a ound a pa icula objec ha becomes iewed as pi o al e ain a ound which he ealiza ion o he desi e an asma ically e- ol es. G eenhouse gas emissions become cons i u ed as his gaseous ‘ hing’-like con igu a ion a ound which symbolisa ion and hus, pol- icies, in e en ions, discou ses, ins i u ions, ac ions, and echnologies ci cula e. This an asy s uc u e is one ha a icula es a ound he belie ha dealing wi h he ‘ hing’ is pi o al o he cons uc ion o a di e en and socio-ecologically mo e benign wo ld. Objec a unc ions he e as he e ain ha pe mi s disa owing he Real o he clima e dynamic (Swyngedouw, 2022c). This e ishis ic disa owal (Mannoni, 2003) – he posi ion o he pe e in psychoanaly ic hough – pe mi s bo h seeing he u h (o clima e change) and denying i s oo s by displacing he la e o a hing ha is ele a ed o he digni y o a ‘ ue cause’ a ound which ac ing can c ys allize. In doing so, some o ms o clima e ac i ism become suppo s uc u es o sus aining he s a us quo, o assu ing ha no hing eally change (o he han a ange o echno-manage ial in e en ions). 5. Towa ds a eal enjoymen o clima e change So a , we engaged wi h enjoymen as a poli ical ac o ha sus ains he ‘deadlock’ o he clima e si ua ion oday. Enjoymen is s uc u ed bo h by ansg ession and excess, anima ed by an incessan ques o ull sa is ac ion, o become whole o One again, and his ope a es bo h a he le el o subjec and socie y. We a gued ha enjoymen emana es om he lack in being, om he oid o gap ha de ines he subjec , and ha enjoymen is bound o ail se ially, ye i is wha he subjec compul- si ely clings o. The impossibili y o a aining he ‘Thing’ ha ini ia es enjoymen ende s he d i e o enjoymen in insically pain ul, epe i- i e, and ul ima ely poli ically impo en . The emp y co e ( he Thing) o enjoymen , in u n, ci cula es a ound a li le ‘ hing’, he objec a, ha becomes he placeholde o enjoymen , and ha s uc u es ou e e yday li e, i s d eams, aspi a ions, and ac ions, bu always ails o ul il i s phan asmic p omises. T a e sing he an asy ha sus ains such phan asmic a achmen o a wholesome ea h and clima e, a icula ed a ound and achie ed h ough managing g eenhouse gases equi es a e-a icula ion o enjoymen in a way ha con as s wi h he e y symp oms p oduced by i s pu sui . I means mo ing om o eg ounding he an inomies and in e nal epe i- i e ailu es ha con inuously unde mine ull enjoymen , holding he subjec in he i on g ip o epe i ion wi hou issue – bu none heless secu ing he s onghold o he social o de – o ecognizing p ecisely he lack ha de ines he subjec (and he O he ). In o he wo ds, he ‘lack in being’ needs ull endo semen (Pohl, 2020). This basically means abol- ishing he supe ego’s injunc ion o enjoy clima e change wi hou sac i icing onesel o ‘ he igh s o Na u e’. O he han he clima e an asies iden i ied abo e ha basically e oke a symp om o he epe - i i e ailu e o enjoy, caused by an O he who is imagined s anding in he way o ul ima e, ye impossible, enjoymen , a ecogni ion ha he ail- u e o enjoy is cons i u i e o he subjec (and no ex e nal) po en ially opens a e ain o a uly poli ical enjoymen o clima e change. This implies e aming enjoymen away om ‘sac i icing in he name o Na u e’, ‘passiona ely des oying Na u e’, o e ishis ically displacing he issue o a ques ion o g eenhouse gases. Such a e sing he an asy en ails a p ocess o “subjec i e des i u ion” (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 2022), a condi ion whe eby he a achmen o objec a (g eenhouse gases) as he ‘ hing’ a ound which sal a ion e ol es is adically abandoned (and wi h i , he passiona e a achmen o he wo ld as we know i ) o make place o ecognizing he cons i u i e emp iness o loss a he co e o being. This in ol es a p ocess o mou ning and melancholia (Fle che , 2018), a ecogni ion o i e ie able absence o which he e is no subs i u e eplacemen ( o be ound in a ‘be e ’ clima e). I is h ough his sub- jec i e des i u ion – he loss o emb acing a ‘los ’ na u e o clima e h ough managing g eenhouse gases as ha binge o a ‘be e ’ o mo e jus socie y – as a p ocess whe eby one loses onesel in enouncing he an asmic na u e h ough which li e secu es a agile sense o cohe ence ha a new pa h migh open owa d a Real enjoymen o clima e change. The ealiza ion o he absence o a s able co e a he hea o he clima e si ua ion o ces one o conside he possibili y o a Real enjoymen o clima e change. As McGowan emphasizes: Real enjoymen occu s when he subjec abandons he secu i y o i s symbolic iden i y and he eby b eaks om he cons ain s o he symbolic o de . In his enjoymen , he ules o he symbolic game cease o apply. The subjec nei he obeys no disobeys … Thus, enjoymen in he Real is a adical expe ience, bu a he same ime i is necessa ily auma ic because i lea es he subjec wi hou any g ound on which o s and. … Real enjoymen depends on he e usal o he image o comple ion … Because Real enjoymen poses such a h ea o he social o de , he con empo a y command o enjoy canno ind an ou le in his kind o enjoymen . (McGowan, 2004, pages 70–71) Enci cling he Real o clima e change implies, among o he hings, he ans o ma ion and e-symbolisa ion o he imagina y upon which he need and u gency o en i onmen al ac ion is legi imized and sus- ained. Wha i akes is an anamo phic gaze ha looks in an ‘aw y’ (see ˇ Ziˇ zek, 1992) way a he imagina ies ha unde lie he impulse o engage poli ically wi h clima e change. This migh o e a glimpse o he (po- li ical) Real o he si ua ion and disclose he s uc u e o he an asies ha d i e he cu en impo en clima e ac ions. The hegemonic and symp oma ic base upon which he legi imacy o he en i onmen al discou se and p ac ice o bo h mains eam and mo e ac i is clima e mo emen s is p edica ed es s, we con end, upon ep essed aumas, which a e displaced on o a an asmago ical imagina y (see Swynge- douw, 2022a, 2022d). Opening di e en poli ical-ecological ajec o ies equi es ansg essing he an asies ha conceal hese aumas. In o he wo ds, i i is ue ha “[ ]a he han adjus ing analysands o accep he wo ld o become sa is ied wi h i , [psycho]analysis wo ks o b eak hem om hei comp omise sa is ac ion, hus holding ou he possibili y o a Real enjoymen ” (McGowan, 2004, page 223), hen, we p opose, some hing simila holds ue o a psychoanaly ic accoun o clima e change enjoymen . Emb acing a Real enjoymen o clima e change equi es b eaking wi h “Mo he Na u e” once and o all. Abo e, we ha e emphasized ha much o oday’s poli ical esponse o clima e change s ill elies on a an asy o Na u e as (m)O he . Na u e ei he unc ions as a ealm o libidinal a achmen om which you ake wha you wan and which you enjoy as long as he supply las s, as a place o nos algic longing o which one ies o e u n a all cos s, a los a cadia o ul ima e enjoymen , which has been uined ecklessly, o as an “enemy” agains whom i is necessa y o de end onesel . 11 In hese cases, Na u e ecei es i s a en- ion as a phan asma ic igu e o he O he . Tha is why one can use i , ei y i , and abuse i on he one hand, and s i e and long o i , on he o he . Na u e is he e si ua ed ‘ou he e’, as a ealm ha exis s, o a leas exis ed, apa om and nex o ou ac ions. This an asy o Na u e as mO he is pa icula ly p e alen in he idea o a Na u e o which we could e u n i we de ea ed clima e change. While in he pleasu able des uc ion o Na u e i is a leas clea ha in he end he e will no be much le o Na u e when humans a e done wi h i , he idea o a e u n o Na u e is no e en able o accep his. He e, he subjec ge s ully caugh in he lu e o an asy. While in his an asy, “Na u e as a big Mo he is jus ano he image o he di ine big O he ” (ˇ Ziˇ zek, 2016, page 31), a Real enjoymen o clima e change is based on he p emise ha he big mO he does no exis . The only kind o na u e a Real enjoymen o clima e change can ely on is wha Lacan 11 O cou se, i is c ucial o insis ha “ he enemy is no ou he e”, bu e y much “in he e”. I is no Na u e ha causes d ough s and loods and o he ex eme wea he dis u bances, bu he poli ical-economic and socio-ecological o ces ha a e esponsible o hese dis u bances. L. Pohl and E. Swyngedouw Poli ical Geog aphy 101 (2023) 102820 8 calls “ o en” na u e, a na u e ha is no na u al, bu unna u al, as inhe en ly ou -o -join , as he e is some hing called cul u e o ing in- side o i : “i is qui e clea ha na u e is no as na u al as all ha , i is e en in his ha he e consis s his o enness which is wha is gene ally called cul u e” (Lacan, 1974, n.p.). F om he s andpoin o Lacan’s o - en na u e, we ind ou sel es con on ed wi h he uncanny momen o losing (any sense o ) Na u e as ou ho izon o meaning and ounda ion o socie y (Pohl, 2020). The e is no inal gua an ee in Na u e on which o base ou poli ics o he social, on which o mi o ou d eams, hopes, aspi a ions o ea s, on which o g ound ou desi es and plans o a di e en , le alone be e , and socio-ecologically mo e sensi i e mode o li ing oge he . Mo he Na u e is no-Thing. She does no exis , nei he as ‘good’ no as ‘bad’. All we ha e is a undamen ally chao ic, inconsis en , lacking na u e, wi hou capi al N, and all humans can do is o mas e his na u e in a way ha allows humans and non-humans, i.e., e e ybody and e e y- hing, o li e on his plane . Agains his backg ound, i needs o be emphasized – as a ious in e locu o s a gued – ha clima e change has so a hi ha des hose who we e al eady ma ginalized, he eby ep o- ducing undamen al lines o inequali y, iolence and ep ession, which in u n ex ends he la ge s uggles ca alyzed by colonialism, impe i- alism, indus ialism, capi alism, in e na ional de elopmen , and geopoli ics (Da is e al., 2019; Nixon, 2013; Sul ana, 2022; Todd, 2016; Why e, 2016). To a oid a u he exace ba ion o hese clima e in- jus ices, one canno ‘s op messing wi h na u e’, o e u n o he slogan men ioned abo e. We should by no means lea e na u e o i sel . I is al eady oo la e o ha , and in some ways i has always been oo la e o ha . Ra he , a Real enjoymen o clima e change aims o ind ways o mess wi h na u e, so ha in he end he e will s ill be a place le o all o us. Because ha is wha is ul ima ely a s ake wi h ega d o he des uc ion b ough abou by clima e change, no he des uc ion o na u e, bu he des uc ion o human’s place in i . 6. Conclusion The in usion in o he poli ical can only be made by ecognizing … he discou se o jouissance (Lacan, 2007, page 78). The a gumen un olded in his pape e ol ed cen ally a ound he iew ha whe eas enjoymen based on he supe ego’s injunc ion o enjoy and he imagina y enjoymen dep i ed o i s subs ance ela e o he ealm o poli ics, Real enjoymen ela es o he ealm o he poli i- cal. 12 We ha e demons a ed ha enjoying clima e change in i s di e en mani es a ions as exempli ied abo e no only a i ms he cen- ali y o enjoymen in he o ganiza ion o poli ical p ocesses and ac- ions, bu also o eg ounds how he pa icula s uc u es o enjoying clima e change e ol e a ound a se o an asies ha co e up he auma o loss o absence. T a e sing he auma h ough e-a icula ing he an asies ha gi e (aspec s o ) li e meaning migh o e a glimpse o going h ough he deadlock o he p esen en i onmen al condi ion. Indeed, wha his a gumen a es s o is he cen al, ye cus oma ily igno ed, impo ance o enjoymen as a poli ical geog aphical ac o in aming, ( e-)p esen ing, and ac ing on clima e change. Ul ima ely, poli ics is gene ally seen as being conce ned wi h ‘ he good’, and how u h and knowledge can help b ing he ‘good socie y’ abou . Indeed, he dominan clima e a gumen s os ensibly ocus on ei he unco e ing he uncom o able u h o he ea h’s in ica e, ye de as a ing, clima e dynamics o a ionally iden i ying he mul iple socio-economic and poli ical powe ela ions and posi ions ha mi iga e agains e ec i e clima e in e en ion wi h an eye owa ds nu u ing poli ical ac ion, s imula ing inno a ion, p oposing new ins i u ional disposi i s, and nudging beha iou in he di ec ion o a ‘good’ socie y wi h a sus ainable clima e. In adical con as , his pape aimed o examine how enjoymen en e s cen ally in o he subjec ’s modes o libidinal engagemen wi h he clima e si ua ion and may help o accoun o he deadlock o he p esen clima e condi ion. We hus sugges ha enjoymen needs o be o eg ounded o accoun o he pe o ma i e lack o socially and en i onmen ally ans o ma i e poli ics, while engaging wi h Real enjoymen as a poli ical ac o may o e a way ou o he deadlock he wo ld is in. I we eally wan o ake he ecological condi ion se iously, we ha e o displace he ques ion o ecology on o he e ain o agonis ic poli iciza ion, anima ed by a sus- ained ideli y o a “passion o he eal” (Badiou, 2007) possibili y and necessi y o an egali a ian and sus ainable common wo ld. In o he wo ds, we ha e o conside a way o collec i ely enjoy clima e change wi hou u he des oying he plane o sac i icing in he name o Na- u e, an enjoymen dis inguished by a disin e es in hese p e ailing ules, which lea es us wi hou any g ound on which o s and, and which does no p omise any comple ion o pleni ude. I is h ough such poli - ical p ojec ha a common and enabling clima e migh be cons i u ed. Fi s and o emos , we ha e o insis ha indeed he e is no al e na i e. Decla a ion o compe ing in e es The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no known compe ing inancial in e es s o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e appea ed o in luence he wo k epo ed in his pape . Re e ences Alb ech , G., Sa o e, G. M., Conno , L., Higginbo ham, N., F eeman, S., Kelly, B., … Polla d, G. (2007). Solas algia: The dis ess caused by en i onmen al change. Aus alasian Psychia y, 15(Suppl 1), 95–98. Al husse , L. (1971). Lenin and philosophy and o he essay. New Yo k: Mon hly Re iew P ess. And eucci, D., & Zog a os, C. 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