scieee AI-readable full text Open interactive document viewer

La moralización en el anime Naruto

Barba González, Rosario

Full text

 /$025$/,=$&,Ï1(1(/$1,0(1$5872  %DUED*RQ]iOH]5RVDULR )DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV3ROtWLFDV\6RFLDOHV 8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH4XHUpWDUR URVDULREDUEDJ#JPDLOFRP  5HVXPHQ (O REMHWLYR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV SUHVHQWDU ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV GHO HVWXGLR GH OD SURSXHVWDGHPRUDOL]DFLyQGHODFDULFDWXUDMDSRQHVD1DUXWRHQVXYHUVLyQDGDSWDGD SDUDODWHOHYLVLyQPH[LFDQD6HUHILHUHQODVFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHVTXHGDQVXVWHQWRDOD SURSXHVWDTXHVHUHWRPDGH/XFNPDQQDFHUFDGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOOD PRUDOL]DFLyQ \ OD PRUDO HQ XVR (Q HO DWHUUL]DMH GH FRQWHPSODQ XQD YLVLyQ FRQWH[WXDOL]DGDGHODPRUDORFFLGHQWDO\ODRULHQWDOSRQLHQGRODPLUDGDHQHOFyGLJR VDPXUiLGHO%XVKLGRTXHHVFRPSDWLEOHFRQODVRFLHGDGSULPLWLYDIHXGDOILFWLFLDTXHVH PXHVWUDHQHOanime6HILQDOL]DHOGRFXPHQWRFRQODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHDOJXQRGHORV KDOOD]JRV GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HQ FXDQWR DO FyGLJR PRUDO LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGR TXH GD VHQWLGRDODSURSXHVWDGHPRUDOL]DFLyQTXHH[KLEHQORVSHUVRQDMHV\TXHWDPELpQVH GHWDOOD   3DODEUDVFODYH  0RUDOL]DFLyQDQLPH1DUXWR  ,QWURGXFFLyQ (O REMHWLYR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV SUHVHQWDU ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV GHO HVWXGLR GH OD SURSXHVWDGHPRUDOL]DFLyQGHODFDULFDWXUDMDSRQHVDNarutoHQVXYHUVLyQDGDSWDGD SDUDODWHOHYLVLyQPH[LFDQD(OFHQWURIXHURQODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVGHORVSHUVRQDMHVGHO HVWXGLRGHFDVRHVSHFtILFR(OREMHWLYRHVWDEOHFHUWLSRORJtDVGHFXiOHV\FyPRVRQODV SUiFWLFDV\GLVFXUVRVTXHHOanimeGHOJpQHURVKǀQHQSURSRQHDFHUFDGHODPRUDOLGDG SRUPHGLRGHOHMHPSORUHSUHVHQWDWLYRTXHKDVLGRXQRGHORV~OWLPRVHQWUDQVPLWLUVH HQODWHOHYLVLyQDELHUWD\SRUORWDQWRVHUFRQVXPLGRSRUXQDSDUWHLPSRUWDQWHGHOD SREODFLyQ  1DUXWRHVXQanimeTXHSURYLHQHGHODDGDSWDFLyQGHOmangaGHOPLVPRQRPEUH/RV GRV WpUPLQRV KDFHQ UHIHUHQFLD D OD SDUWLFXODULGDG GHO RULJHQ GH ORV SURGXFWRV (O SULPHUR WUDWD XQD DQLPDFLyQ \ HO VHJXQGR XQD WLUD FyPLFD DPEDV SURGXFLGDV HQ -DSyQ /D YDULHGDG GH HVWLORV WHPDV QDUUDWLYDV R SHUVRQDMHV GH HVWRV SURGXFWRV RFDVLRQDQ TXH OR ~QLFR TXH SXHGHQ WHQHU HQ FRP~Q HV SUHFLVDPHQWH HO SDtV GH SURFHGHQFLD6LQHPEDUJRKD\UDVJRVTXHVRQPiVRPHQRVFRQVLVWHQWHVFRPRHOWLSR 606  GHRMRVHOHPSOHRGHFRORUHVIDQWiVWLFRVHQHOFDEHOORGHORVSHUVRQDMHV\HODQFODMH WHUULWRULDOGHVGHODFRVPRYLVLyQGHVXVSURGXFWRUHV(QHOFDVRGHODDQLPDFLyQOD WpFQLFDGHDQLPDFLyQOLPLWDGDWDPELpQHVUHFXUUHQWH  (Q SDUWLFXODU VH WUDWD GH XQ anime GH JpQHUR shǀnen sentai HO PiV YHQGLGR HQ 0p[LFR(VWRVLJQLILFDTXHHVWiGHVWLQDGRDKRPEUHVGHHQWUH\DxRVGHHGDG 6H FDUDFWHUL]D SRU WUDWDU GH DGROHVFHQWHV WUDWDQGR SUREOHPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDPHQWH DGROHVFHQWHV\WLHQGHDRFXUULUHQVHFXHQFLDVGHDFFLyQ&RQWLHQHXQDJUDQFDQWLGDG GH UHFXUVRV KXPRUtVWLFRV HQ HVSHFLDO GH WLSR KLSHUEyOLFR GH YLROHQFLD ItVLFD 8Q HOHPHQWR GLVWLQWLYR HV HO SURWDJRQLVWD TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU WHQHU FHMDV DPSOLDV DFWLWXG GH QR UHQGLUVH \ VHU XQ SRFR WRQWR /RV WHPDV JLUDQ HQWRUQR DO KRQRU DO KHURtVPRODGHWHUPLQDFLyQ\ODVROXFLyQGHORVSUREOHPDVSRUPHGLRGHOWUDEDMRHQ HTXLSR \ HO FRPSDxHULVPR (MHPSORV GH HVWH WLSR VRQ Dragon Ball One PieceH LQFOXVRSaint Seiya%UHQQHU  &RPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOFRPRHMHGHDQiOLVLV  1DUXWRIXQFLRQDFRPRXQHMHPSORUHSUHVHQWDWLYRGHXQDGHODVSURGXFFLRQHVGHPiV UHQRPEUH LQWHUQDFLRQDO 1DUUD OD KLVWRULD GH 8]XPDNL 1DUXWR XQ DGROHVFHQWH KLSHUDFWLYRHVWXGLDQGRSDUDVHUQLQMD\DOJ~QGtDFRQYHUWLUVHHQHokageHOPi[LPR JUDGRQLQMDHQVXDOGHDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHTXHVHDUHFRQRFLGDVXH[LVWHQFLDTXHVHKD YLVWRQHJDGDSRUHOGHVSUHFLRGHORVDOGHDQRV/DKLVWRULDWUDQVFXUUHHQXQXQLYHUVR IHXGDOTXHVLELHQUHWRPDHOHPHQWRVKLVWyULFRVMDSRQHVHVHVDEVROXWDPHQWHILFWLFLD /DSULPHUDSDUWHTXHHVODTXHKDVLGRDGDSWDGDSDUDODDXGLHQFLDPH[LFDQDVXFHGH HQWUHORV\ORVDxRVGHOSHUVRQDMHSHURWDPELpQHVODHGDGTXHVHFDOFXODHQVXV GHVWLQDWDULRV (O GLVFXUVR SHUPDQHQWH GHO SHUVRQDMH JLUD HQ WRUQR D SURWHJHU D VXV FRPSDxHURV VREUH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH ORV OD]RV DIHFWLYRV GH OD DPLVWDG \ OD JHQHURVLGDG  $VtSXHVWRPRODVSUiFWLFDV\GLVFXUVRVGHPRUDOLGDGHQHVWHFDVRGHDQLPHFRPRXQ SUHWH[WR SDUD REVHUYDU FyPR OR DQWHULRU RFXUUH < HV TXH HO SURWDJRQLVWD GH OD DQLPDFLyQ1DUXWR VHSRVWXOD FRPRUHSUHVHQWDQWH GHODDXGLHQFLD(V XQD³FDEH]D KXHFD´ TXH GHEH VHU UHOOHQDGD FRQ HGXFDFLyQ \ FRQ ODV QRUPDV TXH OH SHUPLWDQ FRQYLYLUHQVXVRFLHGDG(QWRQFHVODDXGLHQFLDVLJXLHQGRVXVDYHQWXUDVWDPELpQYD FRQVXPLHQGRODVSURSXHVWDVGHVLJQLILFDGRTXHSUR\HFWDHODQLPH  (O SXQWR GH SDUWLGD HV OD SURSXHVWD GH %HUJHU \ /XFNPDQQ  VREUH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH OD UHDOLGDG VRFLDO SDUD FRQVWUXLU XQD GHILQLFLyQ GH VHQWLGR \ VLJQLILFDGR'HQWURGHHVWHHVTXHPDSRVSRVLWLYRVHUHWRPyODDSOLFDFLyQSDUWLFXODU TXH FRPLHQ]D D GHVDUUROODU /XFNPDQQ  HQ VX FRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ VREUH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOTXHRULHQWDHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQ-XQWRFRQHVWHDXWRUUHWRPRODV FRQVLGHUDFLRQHV TXH /XKPDQQ  UHDOL]D VREUH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ PRUDO HQ OD PRGHUQLGDGHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODGHODVVRFLHGDGHVSULPLWLYDV  (VWHLQWHUpVHQHOPRGHORGH/XFNPDQQVHFULVWDOL]DFRPRHOFRQWHQLGRGHOD FRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDO3DUDVXDSUR[LPDFLyQVHKDQHPSOHDGRGRVDXWRUHVTXHKDFHQ XQDUHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODPRUDO\ODpWLFDDWUDYpVGHODKLVWRULDGHRFFLGHQWH6iQFKH] 9i]TXH]\(VFREDU/DYDOtDGHHVWDVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVFRQVLVWHQWHVHQ VXV GHILQLFLRQHV \ GHVFULSFLRQHV UHFDH HQ OD GHVFULSFLyQ HOHPHQWDO GH OR TXH VH HQWLHQGHSRUPRUDOGHVGHODILORVRItDpWLFD 607  &RQODLQWHQFLyQGHFRPSOHPHQWDUVXHVWXGLRFRQXQDYLVLyQPiVDWHUUL]DGDVHKD LQFOXLGRODSHUVSHFWLYDGH%DUQVOH\TXLHQGHVGHODVRFLRORJtDFRQWHPSODODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVFyGLJRVPRUDOHVODVUD]RQHVVRFLDOHVGHVXH[LVWHQFLD\FyPRVH SXHGHQHYDOXDU6XVQRFLRQHVIXQGDPHQWDOHVVLJXHQODVSODQWHDGDVSRUORVSULPHURV DXWRUHV3HURDGHPiVDERUGDODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHORVFyGLJRVPRUDOHVHQODVVRFLHGDGHV GHVGHODIHQRPHQRORJtDFHUFDQRD%HUJHU\/XFNPDQQ  3DUD LQFOXLU XQD SHUVSHFWLYD TXH VH VXSHUH GH OD OLQHDOLGDG \ OD FRQFHSFLyQ HVWUHFKDPHQWH RFFLGHQWDO LQFOX\R HQ HO DQiOLVLV D %UDQGW  6XV UHWUDWRV VRQ WDPELpQFRQVLVWHQWHVFRQORVSODQWHDPLHQWRVGHORVSULPHURVGRVDXWRUHV5HVXOWD~WLO SRUTXHDGHPiVUHFRSLODGLVWLQWRVVLVWHPDVpWLFRV\VXVDSOLFDFLRQHVGHXQDYDULHGDG GHFXOWXUDV(VWHDXWRUHQWRQFHVVLUYHSDUDDPSOLDUHOSDQRUDPDGHODpWLFDSHURVX UHFRSLODFLyQQRLQFOX\HODQRUPDWLYLGDGPRUDOMDSRQHVD$VtPLVPR.DVXOLV  \  UHFRSLOD GRFWULQDV GHO EXGLVPR FRQIXFLRQLVPR \ VLQWRtVPR SDUD GHVFULELU ODV FRQFHSFLRQHV GH YDFtR GH OD SHUVRQD GHO DFWR \ GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO HQWUH RWURV WHPDV &RQ HVWR UHFRQVWUX\H HO KRUL]RQWH GH OD ILORVRItD SURSLDPHQWH RULHQWDO HQ -DSyQ \ VH VLUYH GH SDUDOHOLVPRV FRQ ODV SURSXHVWDV GH $ULVWyWHOHV6yFUDWHV3ODWyQ\RWUDVILJXUDVLPSRUWDQWHVHQODWHRUtDpWLFDRFFLGHQWDO  )LQDOPHQWHSDUDLPSOLFDUODpWLFD\VXVYLUWXGHVHQRULHQWH\HQSDUWLFXODUHQ-DSyQ VH HPSOHD HO FyGLJR GH FRQGXFWD %XVKLGR 6L ELHQ IXH HVWDEOHFLGR SDUD OD FODVH JXHUUHUDGXUDQWHHOIHXGDOLVPRKDVLGRUHVFDWDGRKDVWDKR\FRPRPi[LPDVGHGHEHU VHU6HKDUHFRQVWUXLGRDSDUWLUGHGRVIXHQWHVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ7VXQHWRPR<DPDPRWR VDPXUiL GHO FODQ 1DEHVKLPD TXH GLFWy HQWUH  \  XQD GHVFULSFLyQ GH VX WUDGLFLyQFRPRJXHUUHUR\HOWH[WR%XVKLGRHODOPDGH-DSyQGH1LWREHGHVFHQGLHQWH GH XQD IDPLOLD GH VDPXUiLV GHGLFDGR D UHFRSLODU HOHPHQWRV \ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO %XVKLGR\GH ODYLGD GHOVDPXUiLSDUDGDUOD DFRQRFHU D2FFLGHQWH$GHPiVSDUD SURPRYHUODFRPSUHQVLyQRFFLGHQWDOKDFHSDUDOHOLVPRVFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHYHQWRV\ HMHPSORVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDQJORVDMRQHVFRPR6KDNHVSHDUHRHOIHXGDOLVPRHXURSHR  'HQWUR GH HVWH PRGHOR ³HO VHQWLGR HV OD FRQFLHQFLD GHO KHFKR GH TXH H[LVWH XQD UHODFLyQHQWUHODVYDULDVH[SHULHQFLDV´%HUJHU\/XFNPDQQS&RQHVWD DILUPDFLyQWDPELpQVHGHFODUDTXHODFRQFLHQFLDHVVLHPSUHUHIHUHQFLDGD(OVHQWLGR GH ODV H[SHULHQFLDV \ GH ODV DFFLRQHV VH FRQVWUX\H SRU PHGLR GHODVIXQFLRQHV UHODFLRQDOHVGHODFRQFLHQFLD&RQWDOHVFRQILJXUDFLRQHVRVLVWHPDVGHVHQWLGRVHKDQ FUHDGR WLSLILFDFLRQHV TXH FXHQWDQ FRQ IRUPDV RUJDQL]DGDV GH WUDQVPLVLyQ 'H HVD IRUPD TXLHQHV ODV XWLOL]DQ KDELWXDOPHQWH HVWDEOHFHQ SDXWDV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR QRUPDOL]DGDVVHFRQVWLWX\HQHQLQVWLWXFLRQHVVRFLDOHV  /D LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQ HV XQ SURFHVR FRQWH[WXDOL]DGR GH FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH WLSLILFDFLRQHVTXHKDQVLGRGRPLQDQWHVHQVXDUWLFXODFLyQFRQHOiPELWRRFROHFWLYLGDG SDUWLFXODU6RQWLSLILFDFLRQHVGHODDFFLyQ\DOPLVPRWLHPSRVXMHWRVGHODDFFLyQHQ WDQWRTXH FDUDFWHUL]DQORV SDWURQHV GHDFFLyQ /DV LQVWLWXFLRQHVSURSRUFLRQDQDORV LQGLYLGXRVSDWURQHVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRTXHSHUPLWHQWLSLILFDUODFRQGXFWD\RULHQWDU ODLQWHUDFFLyQ  /D WDUHD GH ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HQ SDUWLFXODU GH DTXHOODV GHGLFDGDV DO SURFHVDPLHQWR VRFLDO GH VHQWLGR FRQVLVWH HQ DFXPXODU VHQWLGRV \ SRQHUORV D GLVSRVLFLyQ GHO LQGLYLGXRWDQWRSDUDVXVDFFLRQHVSDUWLFXODUHVFRPRSDUDHOPROGHDGRGHVXFRQGXFWD /D FRPXQLFDFLyQ GHO VHQWLGR HVWi OLJDGD FRQ HO FRQWURO GH VX SURGXFFLyQ /D 608  HGXFDFLyQ \ RWUDV IRUPDV GH DGRFWULQDPLHQWR GLUHFWR VLUYHQ SDUD SURFXUDU DVHJXUDU TXHHOSHQVDPLHQWR\ODVDFFLRQHVGHOLQGLYLGXRVHDQFRQVHFXHQWHVFRQODVQRUPDV VRFLDOHV/RVFRQWUROHV\ODFHQVXUDSUHWHQGHQKRPRJHQHL]DUORVVHQWLGRVDSDUWLUGH ORVGRPLQDQWHVLPSLGLHQGRODGLIXVLyQGHGLVLGHQWHV(QHVWHFDVRODIRUPDVHPiQWLFD GHO³HVWDUGHQWURGH´TXHSXHGHKDFHUVHSODXVLEOHIiFLOPHQWH(VWDILJXUDHQLJPiWLFD H[SOLFD/XKPDQQTXHGDSURWHJLGDPHGLDQWHSURKLELFLRQHVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\ PHGLDQWHORVULWRV\ODVVDQFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV  %DMR OD ySWLFD IHQRPHQROyJLFD PRUDO VH UHILHUH D HVDV VLWXDFLRQHV HQ ODV TXH ORV LQGLYLGXRVVHHQIUHQWDQDODQHFHVLGDGGHDMXVWDUVXFRQGXFWDDQRUPDVFRQVLGHUDGDV DGHFXDGDVRGLJQDVGHVHUFXPSOLGDVWDOHVQRUPDVGHEHQVHUDFHSWDGDVtQWLPDPHQWH\ UHFRQRFLGDV FRPR REOLJDWRULDV /RV LQGLYLGXRV tQWLPDPHQWH DFHSWDQ TXH WLHQHQ HO GHEHUGHDFWXDUKDFLDXQDXRWUDGLUHFFLyQVHJ~QORGLFWHODQRUPD(VWDDFHSWDFLyQ DGHPiVVHH[WUDHGHXQDGHFLVLyQUHIOH[LYDQRLQVWLQWLYD  /DVWLSLILFDFLRQHVGHODPRUDOLGDGGHWHUPLQDQORTXHHVWiELHQ\HVWiPDORULHQWDQOD DFFLyQ KXPDQD EDViQGRVH HQ PiV TXH OD JUDWLILFDFLyQ LQVWDQWiQHD 6RQ QRFLRQHV FRQVWUXLGDV LQWHUVXEMHWLYDPHQWH HQ OD LQWHUDFFLyQ FRPXQLFDWLYD HV D WUDYpV GH HVD PLVPD LQWHUUHODFLyQ TXH VH VHOHFFLRQDQ PDQWLHQHQ WUDQVPLWHQ \ UHSURGXFHQ LJXDO TXHFXDOTXLHURWUDVLJQLILFDFLyQTXHVHFRQVWUX\HHQSURFHVRVVRFLDOHV  6HWUDWDGHUHJODVGHDFFLyQGHVWLQDGDVDHQFDX]DUODVUHODFLRQHVGHORVLQGLYLGXRVHQ XQDFRPXQLGDGVRFLDOGDGD/DPRUDOVXVLJQLILFDGRIXQFLyQ\YDOLGH]VRQSXHVXQ KHFKRKLVWyULFRSRUTXHHVXQPRGRGHFRPSRUWDUVHGHXQVHUTXHHVSRUQDWXUDOH]D KLVWyULFR %DMR HVWD SUHVXQFLyQ VH HQWHQGLy PRUDOL]DFLyQ FRPR OD IRUPD HQ TXH RFXUUHODFRPXQLFDFLyQGHODPRUDOHQODVLQWHUDFFLRQHVVRFLDOHVSRUORTXHSXHGHVHU SRVLWLYD FRQ UHIXHU]RV FRPR OD DODEDQ]D R QHJDWLYD FRPR HQ UHFODPRV UHJDxRV \ FRQGHQDV3ULQFLSDOPHQWHFRQVLVWHHQODYDORUDFLyQGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRSURSLR\GH ORVRWURV0RUDOHV  XQ VLVWHPD GH QRUPDV SULQFLSLRV \ YDORUHV GH DFXHUGR FRQ HO FXDO VH UHJXODQ ODV UHODFLRQHV PXWXDV HQWUH ORV LQGLYLGXRV R HQWUH HOORV\OD FRPXQLGDG GH WDO PDQHUD TXH GLFKDV QRUPDV TXH WLHQHQ XQ FDUiFWHU KLVWyULFR\VRFLDOVHDFDWHQOLEUH\FRQVFLHQWHPHQWHSRUXQDFRQYLFFLyQ tQWLPD \ QR GH XQ PRGR PHFiQLFR H[WHULRU R LPSHUVRQDO 6iQFKH] 9i]TXH]S  (VWRLPSOLFDTXHHOLQGLYLGXRVHFRPSRUWDPRUDOPHQWHHQHOPDUFRGHVXVFRQGLFLRQHV VRFLDOHV/DPRUDOWLHQHXQWULSOHFDUiFWHUVRFLDO3ULPHURSRUTXHORVLQGLYLGXRVVH VXMHWDQ D SULQFLSLRV QRUPDV \ YDORUDFLRQHV HVWDEOHFLGRV VRFLDOPHQWH 6HJXQGR SRUTXHUHJXODDFWRV\UHODFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQFRQVHFXHQFLDVSDUDORVGHPiV<WHUFHUR SRUTXHLPSOLFDODDFHSWDFLyQOLEUH\FRQVFLHQWHGHODVUHJODVGHOJUXSRSRUORTXH VLUYHGHYtQFXORFRQODFRPXQLGDG  3DUDTXHHOFyGLJRGHDFFLRQHVGHOELHQ\PDOYLYLUVHVHGLPHQWHHLQVWLWXFLRQDOLFHHV QHFHVDULDODVRFLDOL]DFLyQGHODVVLJXLHQWHVJHQHUDFLRQHVHQVXVREOLJDFLRQHV$WUDYpV GH OD HGXFDFLyQ \ GH OD SURSLD YLGD VRFLDO VH EXVFD TXH HO LQGLYLGXR DGTXLHUD FXDOLGDGHVPRUDOHVHVGHFLUVHOHPRUDOL]D&RQHOWLHPSRVHHVSHUDTXHHOLQGLYLGXR ODV LQWHULRULFH FRPR KiELWRV &RQ HOOR FXOWLYDUi VX SURSLD PRUDO \ FRQWULEXLUi D PRUDOL]DUDRWURV 609  (VHQHVWHSXQWRHQGRQGHVHKDFHHYLGHQWHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQ<OD FRPXQLFDFLyQSHQVDGDFRPRSURFHVRVEDVDGRVHQVLVWHPDVGHVLJQRVTXHWDPELpQVH FRQVWUX\HQHQODLQWHUDFFLyQVRFLDOTXHQRVRODPHQWHVHOLPLWDQDOOHQJXDMH6HWUDWDGH DFFLRQHVVRFLDOHVHVHQFLDOHVSDUDODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODYLGDFROHFWLYDSRUPHGLRGHODV FXDOHVVHWUDQVPLWHQODVWUDGLFLRQHVGHXQDVRFLHGDGLQFOX\HQGRHOFDVRSDUWLFXODUTXH LQWHUHVDDHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQODVGHORUGHQPRUDOTXHGHWHUPLQDGDDJUXSDFLyQKD\D FRQYHQLGR  7RGDYH]TXHH[LVWHIXHUDGHVXQLFKRREMHWLYDGRODPRUDOVHLQWHJUDDOiPELWRGHOD LQWHUVXEMHWLYLGDG \ OD LQWHUDFFLyQ /DV QRFLRQHV GH ELHQ \ PDO GH FRUUHFWR H LQFRUUHFWRUHOHYDQWHVSDUDGLFWDUODVUHJODVGHODLQWHUDFFLyQVRFLDOVHLQWHJUDURQDOD FRQGXFWDHQODYLGDHQHVSHFLDODODRUJDQL]DFLyQ%DMRHOVXSXHVWRGHTXHORVPHGLRV PDVLYRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRPRLQVWLWXFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDULDVHQHOPXQGRPRGHUQR UHDOL]DQSURSXHVWDVGHVLJQLILFDGR\VHQWLGRVREUHODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHHOELHQ\HOPDO /XFNPDQQ\KDFRQVWUXLGRODSURSXHVWDFRQFHSWXDOGHPRUDOGHXVRSDUD DTXHOODTXHVHWUDQVPLWHHQODLQWHUDFFLyQFRWLGLDQD  (QODHQVHxDQ]DGHODPRUDOHVGHFLUODPRUDOL]DFLyQ\DWUDYpVGHOXVRFRWLGLDQR REMHWLYDGRHLQWHULRUL]DGRGHODPRUDOVHDUWLFXODXQDHVSHFLHGHFyGLJRPRUDOTXH SHUPLWHODFRQYLYHQFLDHQODVFRPSOHMDVVRFLHGDGHVPRGHUQDV(OFyGLJRPRUDOHQOD FRQVWUXFFLyQVRFLDOVHFRQVWLWX\HFRPRXQDIXHU]DLQWHJUDGRUD\GHRUJDQL]DFLyQSDUD ODV HVWUXFWXUDV LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV GLIHUHQFLDGDV SURSLDV GH ODV VRFLHGDGHV PRGHUQDV 'DGR TXH HQ HVH FRQWH[WR OD PRUDO QR FXEUH GH PDQHUD KRPRJpQHD WRGDV ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVVHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUH[WHUQDDODHVWUXFWXUDVRFLDO  (Q HVWD KHWHURJHQHLGDG DOJXQDV QRFLRQHV GH ELHQ \ PDO KDQ VLGR VHOHFFLRQDGDV UHSURGXFLGDVVRFLDOPHQWHREMHWLYDGDVHLQWHULRUL]DGDVGHIRUPDWDOTXHDXQIXHUDGHO DSDUDWRHVWUXFWXUDOVHWUDQVPLWHQSRUYDULRVFDQDOHV(QWUHHOORVHODXWRUGHVWDFDODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV LQWHUPHGLDULDV FRPR OD IDPLOLD ORV JUXSRV ORFDOHV R GH SDUHV ODV HVFXHODV\DFDGHPLDVDVtFRPRORVFOXEHV\ODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVRDVRFLDFLRQHVFtYLFDV <HQWRQFHVVHFRQVWLWX\HQFRPRXQDGHODVIXHQWHVSULQFLSDOHVGHODVREOLJDFLRQHV PRUDOHV TXH RUGHQDQ ODV LQWHUDFFLRQHV 6RQ SRUWDGRUDV OXHJR HQWRQFHV GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDO  (QWUH HOORV HO DXWRU GHVWDFD ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV LQWHUPHGLDULDV FRPR OD IDPLOLD ORV JUXSRV ORFDOHV R GH SDUHV ODV HVFXHODV \ DFDGHPLDV DVt FRPR ORV FOXEHV \ ODV RUJDQL]DFLRQHVRDVRFLDFLRQHVFtYLFDV<HQWRQFHVVHFRQVWLWX\HQFRPRXQDGHODV IXHQWHV SULQFLSDOHV GH ODV REOLJDFLRQHV PRUDOHV TXH RUGHQDQ ODVLQWHUDFFLRQHV6RQ SRUWDGRUDVOXHJRHQWRQFHVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDO  (VDVtTXHODFRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOVHGLVWLQJXHGHRWUDVWLSLILFDFLRQHVSRURFXSDUVHGH ODV SUiFWLFDV FRPXQLFDWLYDV TXH UHILHUHQHO VLJQLILFDGR GH XQDEXHQD YLGD 3DUD VX HVWXGLR VH GLVWLQJXH HQWUH OD DUJXPHQWDFLyQ PRUDO \ OD PRUDOL]DFLyQ /D DUJXPHQWDFLyQ LQFOX\H GHFODUDFLRQHV GHVFULSFLRQHV QDUUDFLRQHV HMHPSORV IRUPXODFLRQHVDEVWUDFWDVVREUHYDORUHVFRQGXFWDSULQFLSLRV\FULWHULRVPRUDOHV(VOD GHVFULSFLyQ FRQFHSWXDO GH ORV YDORUHV IRUPXODGDV FRQ DWHQFLyQ D XQ GHVWLQDWDULR HVSHFtILFR3RURWURODGRODPRUDOL]DFLyQHVFyPRRFXUUHODFRPXQLFDFLyQGHODPRUDO HQ ODV LQWHUDFFLRQHV VRFLDOHV SRU OR TXH SXHGH VHU SRVLWLYD FRQ UHIXHU]RV FRPR OD DODEDQ]DRQHJDWLYDFRPRHQUHFODPRVUHJDxRV\FRQGHQDV3ULQFLSDOPHQWHFRQVLVWH HQODYDORUDFLyQGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRSURSLR\GHORVRWURV 610  (QWRQFHVORVPpWRGRVSDUDPRUDOL]DUSXHGHQVHUSURSLDPHQWHOLQJtVWLFRV(VGHFLU SXHGHQ KDOODUVH HQ OD HVWUXFWXUDFLyQ \ WLSRORJtD GH ODV SDODEUDV GH XQD OHQJXD DVt FRPR HQ VX VLJQLILFDGR \ ODV UHODFLRQHV TXH HQ VX HVWUXFWXUDFLyQ VH HVWDEOHFHQ (PSOHDGRVHQFRQMXQWRFRQHVWRVHOHPHQWRVRSRURSRUVtVRORVVHHQFXHQWUDQORV HOHPHQWRV SDUDOLQJtVWLFRV HQ VXV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV \ KDVWD HQ OD JHVWLFXODFLyQ &XDOTXLHUD GH HVWDV IRUPDV SXHGH WUDQVPLWLU DVXQWRV VLJQLILFDWLYRV SDUD OD PRUDOL]DFLyQ /D IRUPD TXH VHD VLHPSUH TXH LQGLTXH XQD YLVLyQ UD]RQDEOHPHQWH FRKHUHQWHGHXQDEXHQDYLGD  3HUR OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ PRUDO YD PiV DOOi GHO KDEOD GHO OHQJXDMH 6H UHILHUH D ORV DUJXPHQWRV OD SUiFWLFD \ OD LQWHUVXEMHWLYLGDG SURSLD GH OR FRPXQLFDWLYR (V OD DUJXPHQWDFLyQGHOREXHQR\ORPDORTXHRFXUUHHQWUHLQGLYLGXRVHQHVWHFDVRHQWUH SHUVRQDMHV 5HPLWH DGHPiV GH OD SUiFWLFD OLQJtVWLFD D FUHHQFLDV ULWXDOHV FRQILJXUDFLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDO\DODSURSLDRUJDQL]DFLyQVRFLDO  6HHQWLHQGHTXHODPRUDOVHFRQVWUX\HFRPRSUiFWLFDULWXDOL]DGD\UHSURGXFLGDSRU PHGLRGHODLQWHUVXEMHWLYLGDG<SRUORWDQWRODFRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOVHHMHUFHHQOD TXHMDHODFXVHODLQGLJQDFLyQRODFRQGHQDSHURWDPELpQHQHOFRQVHMR\ODDODEDQ]D GH XQD LQWHUDFFLyQ ORFDOL]DGD 3XHGH VHU DUJXPHQWDGD R SXHGH HQFRQWUDUVH HQ HO GLVFXUVR\HQORVVLJQRVTXHVHHPSOHDQHQVXFRQVWUXFFLyQ  'DGRTXHODPRUDOHVDFWR\MXLFLRVXFRPXQLFDFLyQVHREVHUYDHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ TXHXQLQGLYLGXRHQHOFDVRGHOHVWXGLRXQSHUVRQDMHFRQVWUX\DVREUHODERQGDGROD PDOGDG GH XQD DFFLyQ (VWD FRQVWUXFFLyQ SXHGH VHU HQFRQWUDGD HQ OD YHUEDOL]DFLyQ H[SOtFLWDSHURWDPELpQHQODUHDFFLyQTXHWHQJDIUHQWHDHOODRDFHUFDGHHOOD$WUDYpV GHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRWDPELpQVHYDORUD\DUJXPHQWDQVHxDODPLHQWRVVREUHODPRUDO /DPRUDOLGDGHQVRFLHGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV ,QWHUHVy DO WUDEDMR OD FRQVLGHUDFLyQ GH OD PRUDO HQ VRFLHGDGHV SULPLWLYDV SXHV HO DUJXPHQWRGHODKLVWRULDVHGHVDUUROODHQXQDVRFLHGDGILFWLFLDIHXGDOUHIHULGDD-DSyQ -XQWRFRQ/XFNPDQQ/XKPDQQUHDOL]DGHVWDFDSDUWLFXODULGDGHVVREUH ODFRPXQLFDFLyQPRUDOHQODPRGHUQLGDGHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQODGHODVVRFLHGDGHV SULPLWLYDV(VWDVGRVVRQODVTXHHVWiQWHMLGDVGHQWURGHODKLVWRULD\FRQODDXGLHQFLD 6HFRQFLEHDODVRFLHGDGDUFDLFDRWUDGLFLRQDOFRPRDTXHOODHQGRQGH  « OD UHOLJLyQ OD PRUDOLGDG \ OD OH\ WHQtDQ XQD EDVH FRP~Q HQOD HVWUXFWXUDVRFLDO3RUORPHQRVODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHLPSOLFDEDQGLIHUHQWHV IXQFLRQHVHQODYLGDVRFLDOHVWDEDQPX\FRRUGLQDGDV\HVWRVHUHILHUHD DTXHOODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV FRQ IXQFLRQHV UHOLJLRVDV PRUDOHV \ OHJDOHV (O FRQFHSWRGHODYLGDEXHQDTXHHVWiHQHOFRUD]yQGHORUGHQPRUDOGHWRGD VRFLHGDGHVWDEDFODUDPHQWHDUWLFXODGR/XFNPDQQS  (Q HVWRV HQWRUQRV OD UHOLJLyQ OD PRUDOLGDG \ OD OH\ ODV LQVWLWXFLRQHV HVWDEDQ FRRUGLQDGDV HQ VX FRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ GH OD EXHQD YLGD (O RUGHQ PRUDO HVWDED FODUDPHQWHDUWLFXODGRHQVXVIXQFLRQHVGLIHUHQFLDGDVDXQTXHDEDUFDGRUDVGHQWURGH ODYLGDVRFLDO'HELGRDTXHVHGHVDUUROODEDHQSHTXHxDVFRPXQLGDGHVWDQWRODIDOWD FRPRHOFDVWLJRHUDQYLVLEOHV<ODDXWRULGDGHQHVHHVSDFLRVHVRVWHQtDHQXQRUGHQ PRUDO OHJLWLPDGR FRQ EDVH HQ OD UHIHUHQFLD VLVWHPiWLFD GHO XQLYHUVR WUDVFHQGHQWH VDJUDGR 611  (Q HVRV FRQWH[WRV ODV FRQILJXUDFLRQHV GH FUHHQFLDV SHUPDQHFHQ FRPR OD EDVH VRFLRHVWUXFWXUDOGHORUGHQVRFLDO/DVLQVWLWXFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQVXUHSURGXFFLyQ SDUWLFLSDQHQXQDPXOWLSOLFLGDGGHiPELWRVFRWLGLDQRVHPSH]DQGRSRUHOLQGLYLGXR\ ODIDPLOLDSHURLQFOX\HQGRHOJRELHUQR\ODHFRQRPtDSRUVHUSUiFWLFDVREMHWLYDVTXH VXSHUDQDORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODFRPXQLGDG  $XQ HQ FRQWH[WRV HQ GRQGH HO RUGHQ PRUDO HV SUiFWLFDPHQWH KRPRJpQHR H[LVWHQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQ ODV RULHQWDFLRQHV PRUDOHV (V SRVLEOH LPDJLQDU LQFHUWLGXPEUH HQ OD LQWHUDFFLyQ 6LQ HPEDUJR OD HVWUXFWXUD GH OD LQWHUDFFLyQ HQ ODV VRFLHGDGHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV PLQLPL]D ODLQGHFLVLyQ DO SURPRYHU FyGLJRV PRUDOHVFRPSDUWLGRVSRU WRGRVORVLQWHJUDQWHV$VtHQODLQWHUDFFLyQFRQDJHQWHVH[WUDxRVODPRUDOLGDGSURYHtD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ VXILFLHQWH FRPR SDUD FRQRFHU HO HVWDWXV PRUDO GHXQDSHUVRQDR SHUVRQDMH  $KRUDELHQHVWHRUGHQKRPRJpQHRTXHGHVFULEH/XFNPDQQSDUDHOFDVRGHO TXH VH SUHVHQWD HQ HO DQLPH 1DUXWR VH FRUUHVSRQGH LQPLQHQWHPHQWH FRQ HO SODQWHDPLHQWR TXH 6iQFKH] 9i]TXH]  \ (VFREDU  KDFHQ DFHUFD GH OD PRUDO GH WLSR FROHFWLYLVWD (VWRV DXWRUHV OD GHWDOODQ FRPR FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GH ODV FRPXQLGDGHV SULPLWLYDV \D TXH GHELGR D OD GHELOLGDG GH ORV JUXSRV IUHQWH D OD QDWXUDOH]DVHYDORUDEDQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHWHQtDQTXHYHUFRQHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWR GHODFROHFWLYLGDG/DOtQHDGLYLVRULDHQWUHOREXHQR\ORPDORVHHVWDEOHFHDSDUWLUGH OREHQHILFLRVRSDUDODFRPXQLGDG  /DV REOLJDFLRQHV FRPXQHV SDUD OD PRUDO FROHFWLYLVWD HQWUDxDQ HO GHVDUUROOR GH ³FXDOLGDGHVPRUDOHVTXHUHVSRQGHQDORVLQWHUHVHVGHODFROHFWLYLGDG´6iQFKH] (VWDPRUDOUHFRQRFHYLUWXGHVTXHDXQFRQODVYDULDFLRQHVDODVTXHHVWiVXMHWD FRPR SURGXFWR VRFLDO KDQ DGTXLULGR FLHUWD XQLYHUVDOLGDG 'H DFXHUGR FRQ OD UHFRQVWUXFFLyQKLVWyULFDTXHKDFHQ6iQFKH]9i]TXH]\(VFREDUSHUR WDPELpQHQHO%XVKLGR<DPDPRWR\1LWREHHQWUHHOORVVHHQFXHQWUDQ ReiUHVSHWR\JinODFRPSDVLyQMeiyoHOKRQRUMXVWLFLDMakotoODYHUDFLGDG\OD VLQFHULGDGHQGLVWLQWRVDFFLRQHV\FRPSURPLVRVODWHPSODQ]D*LODLQWHJULGDG\OD UHFWLWXGChnjODOHDOWDGFRQ YuHOKHURtVPR\OD YDOHQWtDSRUVHU GHXWLOLGDGD OD FRPXQLGDG /DPRUDOLGDGHQ1DUXWR /DVGLPHQVLRQHV TXHLPSOLFDODPRUDOL]DFLyQHQ HOanimeNarutoFRPR REMHWR GH HVWXGLR VH DERUGDURQ GHVGH XQ HQIRTXH FXDOLWDWLYR GHVFULSWLYRDSDUWLUGHGRV REMHWLYRV GH OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ 8QR VREUH ORV FyGLJRV PRUDOHV TXH GDQ VHQWLGR \ FRQWH[WXDOL]DQODSURSXHVWDGHPRUDOL]DFLyQ\RWURTXHGHMHYHUODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVTXH VREUHODPRUDOFRPXQLFDGDVHH[SUHVDQHQWUHORVSHUVRQDMHV\KDFLDODDXGLHQFLD  3DUDHOSULPHUREMHWLYRVHFDUDFWHUL]yORVFyGLJRVPRUDOHVTXHLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGRV\ REMHWLYDGRV HQ OD FDULFDWXUD SDUD FRQRFHU FyPR SURSRQH HO DQLPH LPDJLQDU OD FRQVWLWXFLyQGHODVRFLHGDG /DHVWUDWHJLDSDUDHVWDIDVH GHOHVWXGLRFRQVLVWLyHQOD FRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDWLSRORJtDGHORVFyGLJRVPRUDOHVLQVWLWXLGRV  &RPRHUDODKLSyWHVLVHQORVKDOOD]JRVVHHQFRQWUyXQRUGHQKRPRJpQHRHQHOTXHVH HQFRQWUDURQDUWLFXODGRVORVGRPLQLRVGHORUHOLJLRVRORPRUDO\OROHJDO6HWUDWDGHXQ RUGHQ GH DUWLFXODFLyQ XQLWDULD FXOWXUDOPHQWH REMHWLYL]DGR H LQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH 612  DVHJXUDGRSRUPHGLRGHFRQIRUPDFLRQHVVRFLDOHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVYLQFXODGRDXQDXWRStD LPDJLQDGD D SDUWLU GHO FRQWH[WR PHGLHYDO MDSRQpV &RQ HVWD FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ OD VRFLHGDGIDQWiVWLFDHQFXDQWRDVXPRUDOLGDGLQVWLWXLGDHQFXHQWUDUHIHUHQWHWHyULFR FRQ OR TXH /XFNPDQQ  GHQRPLQy VRFLHGDGHV DUFDLFDV \ /XKPDQQ  DQWLJXDVRSUHPRGHUQDV(VTXHPD (VTXHPD&yGLJRPRUDOLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGRHQ1DUXWR  )XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD /DMHUDUTXtDHPDQDGHOOtGHUPLOLWDU\PRUDOGHODDOGHD$SDUWLUGHpOVHHVWUXFWXUD LQFOXVRODPHGLFLyQGHOSRGHUSXHVSDUDOOHJDUDVHUHOGLULJHQWHHOQLQMDGHEHKDEHUVH SUREDGRFRPRHOPiVFDSD]/DHVWUXFWXUDHGXFDWLYDVHFRQVWUX\HWDPELpQDSDUWLUGH HVWHSHUVRQDMHTXHHVHOGLUHFWRUGHODHVFXHOD$GHPiVSRUWUDWDUVHGHXQDKLVWRULDDO HVWLOR GH ODV PLWRORJtDV IXQGDFLRQDOHV JULHJDV ORV OD]RV IDPLOLDUHV GH ORV SURWDJRQLVWDVWDQWRKpURHVFRPRYLOODQRVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQWUHWHMLGDVFRQHOSDSHOGHO OtGHUHokage<VRQODVILORVRItDVODVTXHGLVWLQJXHQDXQRVGHORVRWURV$TXHOODVTXH YDQGHDFXHUGRFRQODVSURSXHVWDVGHHVHOtGHUVRQDPLJRV/RVRWURVHQHPLJRV<HO SHUVRQDMHSULQFLSDOWLHQHFRPRPHWDODSURWHFFLyQGHVXVLGHDOHV  (VXQRUGHQPRUDOOHJLWLPDGRSRUODVUHIHUHQFLDVDXQXQLYHUVRWUDVFHQGHQWH\VDJUDGR /XFNPDQQTXHHVODYROXQWDGGHIXHJR\OD$OGHD(VFRQGLGDHQWUHODV+RMDV /D PRUDO \ OR VDJUDGR VH HQFXHQWUDQ FODUD \ YLVLEOHPHQWH HQWUHOD]DGRV (O FRPSRUWDPLHQWR TXH GHEH WHQHU XQ QLQMD HV FRQVDELGR \ OHJtWLPR HQWDQWRTXHVLQ HVWDV QRUPDV XQD DOGHD VKLQREL QR WHQGUtD UD]yQ GH VHU (VWR LPSOLFD TXH OD SURWHFFLyQGHODDOGHDHVXQDSUiFWLFDSHUPDQHQWH\FRWLGLDQDVLHPSUHSUHVHQWHHQOD YLGDGHDTXHOORVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHODFRPXQLGDG  1RVHWUDWDGHXQPXQGRHQHOTXHODVIXQFLRQHVPRUDOHVUHOLJLRVDV\OHJDOHVHVWiQ FRQFHQWUDGDVHQLQVWLWXFLRQHVHVSHFLDOL]DGDVVLQRTXHDWUDYLHVDQHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\ ODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHODYLGDHQVRFLHGDG/RVWUHVWLSRVGHFyGLJRVHVWiQFRQFHQWUDGRV 613  SULPHURHQODILJXUDGHO+RNDJH\DWUDYpVGHWRGDODSLUiPLGHGHMHUDUTXtD&XDOTXLHU SHUVRQDMHSXHGHPRUDOL]DUDOUHVSHFWRSXHVWRTXHWRGRVFRQRFHQRGHEHUtDQFRQRFHU ODV UHJODV < GH HQWUH WRGDV ODV HQVHxDQ]DV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV VH FRQMXJDQ HQ OD 9ROXQWDGGH)XHJRTXHHVODSURWHFFLyQGHDTXHOORVGHOJUXSRDXQTXHFXHVWHODYLGD HVGHFLUODXQLyQGHODOHDOWDG\ODSHUVHYHUDQFLDKDVWDHOILQDO  2WURVHOHPHQWRVFRPRODGLYLVLyQSROtWLFDGHOXQLYHUVRILFWLFLRODVQRUPDVIRUPDOHVR H[SOtFLWDV\ODVLQIRUPDOHVODGLYLVLyQGHORVSRGHUHVGHQWURGHODDOGHDSURWDJyQLFD\ ODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQDUWLFXODGRVDODSURSXHVWDMHUiUTXLFD\PRUDO/RV HPEOHPDV GH ODV IDPLOLDV R FODQHV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV DVt FRPR ORV ULWXDOHV SDUWLFXODUPHQWHGHSDVRVLUYHQGHUHIXHU]RSDUDVRVWHQHUODPRUDOL]DFLyQ\SDUDGDU FRKHUHQFLDDODSURSXHVWDGHOGLEXMDQWHmangaka\TXHHOLQGLYLGXRHQODDXGLHQFLD SXHGDKDFHUVHQWLGRGHODHOOD  /D HVWUXFWXUD LQVWLWXFLRQDO \ VRFLDO TXH VH GHVFULEH HQ HO SURJUDPD UHTXLHUH GHO FRPSURPLVR\HOWUDEDMRGHWRGRVORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODFRPXQLGDGSDUDVRVWHQHUVH(Q HVWR VH KDFH XQ pQIDVLV IUHFXHQWH (V XQD SDUWH LQWHJUDO GH ODV PRUDOL]DFLRQHV LQWHUJHQHUDFLRQDOHV  /D DXWRULGDG IRUPDO HV UHFRQRFLGD SRU WRGRV \ TXH LJXDOPHQWH WRGRV DFHSWDQ UHFRQRFHQ \ GHILHQGHQ 3RU OR PLVPR VH FRQFLEH \ WUDQVPLWH FRPR LQIRUPDFLyQ QDWXUDOL]DGDFRPRODHVWUXFWXUDTXHDQWHFHGH\WUDVFLHQGHDOSHUVRQDMH6LQHPEDUJR VHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQTXHSXHGHFDPELDU6XSRQHKDFHUVHHVWDEOHFLGR HQIRUPDPiVRPHQRVUHFLHQWHFRQHODSR\RGHORVDQWHSDVDGRV6HKDEODGHHOOD FRPRIUiJLORHQFRQVWUXFFLyQSHURFRPRDOJRTXHKD\TXHWUDEDMDUSDUDSUHVHUYDU  (VSHFtILFDVIRUPDV\FRQWHQLGRVGHWUDQVPLVLyQGHODWUDGLFLyQVHHMHFXWDQGHDFXHUGR D OD SRVLFLyQ TXH WLHQH HO PDHVWUR R SDGUH \ OD TXH RFXSDUi HO KHUHGHUR 6XV DFWLYLGDGHV \ UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV KDQ VLGR HVWDEOHFLGDV DQWHV TXH OD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH RFXSDDODKLVWRULD\OHVVRQLQFXOFDGDVGHHVDIRUPD&DVLWRGDVODVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV YLHQHQMXVWLILFDGDVSRUHOLQWHUpVFRP~Q  (QUHDOLGDGODKLVWRULDGH1DUXWRHVXQDVREUHODVpOLWHVGHXQDDOGHDJXHUUHUD(VWRHV FRQVLVWHQWHFRQODV pSLFDVPLWROyJLFDVDFHUFD GHKLMRV GHUH\HV\GLRVHV&RPRHQ PXFKDVRWUDVKLVWRULDVGHV~SHUKpURHVODLPDJHQGHOKpURH1DUXWRDSDUHFHFRPROD HYROXFLyQGHODVLGHDVGHOKHURtVPRFOiVLFR(VWRWDPELpQFRLQFLGHFRQODVQDUUDFLRQHV PLWROyJLFDVVREUHHOKpURHIXQGDGRUHQGRQGHVRORORVSRGHURVRVDTXHOORVFDSDFHVGH OHJLWLPDUXQDHVWUXFWXUDTXHDUWLFXOHODVQRUPDV\ODVFUHHQFLDVTXHHVWDVYHKLFXODQ 6LPLODUDORTXHPHQFLRQDED%XRQDQRODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQPHGLiWLFDTXH1DUXWR WUDQVILJXUDORVULWXDOHV\PLWRVGHODVVRFLHGDGHVDQWLJXDVSDUDDUWLFXODUORVDQXHVWUD FXOWXUD\SURYHHULQWHUSUHWDFLRQHV  1DGLH DSDUHFH HQ GHVDFXHUGR FRQ OD HVWUDWLILFDFLyQ TXH QDGD WLHQHTXHYHUFRQHO GLQHURGHORVSHUVRQDMHVVLQRPiVELHQFRQODSRVLFLyQHQODHVFDODMHUiUTXLFDGHOD DOGHD8QDTXHVHKDPDQWHQLGRSRUJHQHUDFLRQHV  (OVHJXQGRREMHWLYRGHOHVWXGLREXVFyGHVFULELUODPRUDOL]DFLyQTXHVHWUDQVPLWHHQWUH ORVSHUVRQDMHVGH1DUXWRSDUDREVHUYDUODVIRUPDVHQODVTXHHODQLPHGHOJpQHURGH ILFFLyQshǀnenFRPXQLFDODPRUDOLGDGDVXVHVSHFWDGRUHVSDUDH[SORUDUODSURSXHVWD TXH YHKLFXODQ GHVGH VX FRQWH[WR GH SURGXFFLyQ DO PH[LFDQR GH VX FRQVXPR /D 614