On the applications of IBA techniques to biological samples analysis: PIXE and RBS

On he Applica ions o IBA Techniques o Biological Samples Analysis: PIXE and RBS J. M. FalcónGonzález, J. Be nalAl a ado, M. Ga cíaLeón, R. Ga cíaTeno io, Y. Mo illa Ga cía, and M. Sosa Ci a ion: AIP Con e ence P oceedings 1032, 179 (2008); doi: 10.1063/1.2979262 View online: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1063/1.2979262 View Table o Con en s: h p://sci a ion.aip.o g/con en /aip/p oceeding/aipcp/1032? e =pd co Published by he AIP Publishing This a icle is copy igh ed as indica ed in he a icle. Reuse o AIP con en is subjec o he e ms a : h p://sci a ion.aip.o g/ e mscondi ions. Downloaded o IP: 148.204.139.225 On: F i, 14 Ma 2014 21:51:27 On he Applica ions o IBA Techniques oOn he Applica ions o IBA Techniques oOn he Applica ions o IBA Techniques oOn he Applica ions o IBA Techniques o Biological Samples Analysis: PIXE and RBSBiological Samples Analysis: PIXE and RBSBiological Samples Analysis: PIXE and RBSBiological Samples Analysis: PIXE and RBS J. M. Falcón-GonzálezJ. M. Falcón-GonzálezJ. M. Falcón-GonzálezJ. M. Falcón-González1**1**1**1**,J.Be nal-Al a ado,J.Be nal-Al a ado,J.Be nal-Al a ado,J.Be nal-Al a ado1*1*1*1*,M.Ga cía-León,M.Ga cía-León,M.Ga cía-León,M.Ga cía-León2222,R.,R.,R.,R. Ga cía-Teno ioGa cía-Teno ioGa cía-Teno ioGa cía-Teno io3333,Y.Mo illa Ga cía,Y.Mo illa Ga cía,Y.Mo illa Ga cía,Y.Mo illa Ga cía2222andM.Sosaand M. Sosaand M. Sosaand M. Sosa1111 1)Ins i u o de F1)Ins i u o de F1)Ins i u o de F1)Ins i u o de Fíííísica de la Uni e sidaddeGuanajua o, A.P. E-143, 37150 Lesica de la Uni e sidad de Guanajua o, A.P. E-143, 37150 Lesica de la Uni e sidad de Guanajua o, A.P. E-143, 37150 Lesica de la Uni e sidad de Guanajua o, A.P. E-143, 37150 Leóóóón, Guanajua on, Guanajua on, Guanajua on, Guanajua o 2)Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es, Se illa, Spain2)Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es, Se illa, Spain2)Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es, Se illa, Spain2)Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es, Se illa, Spain 3)Uni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain3)Uni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain3)Uni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain3)Uni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain *)be nal@ isica.ug o.mx, **)[email p o ec ed]o.mx*)be nal@ isica.ug o.mx, **)[email p o ec ed]o.mx*)be nal@ isica.ug o.mx, **)[email p o ec ed]o.mx*)be nal@ isica.ug o.mx, **)[email p o ec ed]o.mx Abs ac Abs ac Abs ac Abs ac .The analy ical echniques based on ion beamso IBA echniques gi e quan i a i e.The analy ical echniques based on ion beamso IBA echniques gi e quan i a i e.The analy ical echniques based on ion beamso IBA echniques gi e quan i a i e.The analy ical echniques based on ion beamso IBA echniques gi e quan i a i e in o ma iononelemen al concen a ion in samples o awide a ie y o na u e. In his wo k, wein o ma ion on elemen al concen a ion in samples o awide a ie y o na u e. In his wo k, wein o ma ion on elemen al concen a ion in samples o awide a ie y o na u e. In his wo k, wein o ma ion on elemen al concen a ion in samples o awide a ie y o na u e. In his wo k, we ocus on PIXE echnique,analyzing hick a ge biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE), using 3MeV ocus on PIXE echnique,analyzing hick a ge biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE), using 3MeV ocus on PIXE echnique,analyzing hick a ge biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE), using 3MeV ocus on PIXE echnique,analyzing hick a ge biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE), using 3MeV p o ons p oduced by an elec os a ic accele a o .Anuclea mic op obe was used pe o mingp o ons p oduced by an elec os a ic accele a o .Anuclea mic op obe was used pe o mingp o ons p oduced by an elec os a ic accele a o .Anuclea mic op obe was used pe o mingp o ons p oduced by an elec os a ic accele a o .Anuclea mic op obe was used pe o ming PIXEand RBS simul aneously, in o de o sol e he unce ain ies p oduced in he absolu e PIXEPIXE and RBS simul aneously, in o de o sol e he unce ain ies p oduced in he absolu e PIXEPIXE and RBS simul aneously, in o de o sol e he unce ain ies p oduced in he absolu e PIXEPIXE and RBS simul aneously, in o de o sol e he unce ain ies p oduced in he absolu e PIXE quan i ying. Thead an ages o using bo h echniquesand anuclea mic op obe a ediscussed.quan i ying. Thead an ages o using bo h echniquesand anuclea mic op obe a ediscussed.quan i ying. Thead an ages o using bo h echniquesand anuclea mic op obe a ediscussed.quan i ying. Thead an ages o using bo h echniquesand anuclea mic op obe a ediscussed. Quan i a i e esul sa e shown o illus a e hemul ielemen al esolu ion o he PIXE echnique;Quan i a i e esul s a e shown o illus a e hemul ielemen al esolu ion o he PIXE echnique;Quan i a i e esul s a e shown o illus a e hemul ielemen al esolu ion o he PIXE echnique;Quan i a i e esul s a e shown o illus a e hemul ielemen al esolu ion o he PIXE echnique; o his,ablood s anda dwas used. o his,ablood s anda dwas used. o his,ablood s anda dwas used. o his,ablood s anda dwas used. Keywo dsKeywo dsKeywo dsKeywo ds:IBA echniques,PIXE, TTPIXE, RBS, nuclea mic op obe.:IBA echniques,PIXE, TTPIXE, RBS, nuclea mic op obe.:IBA echniques,PIXE, TTPIXE, RBS, nuclea mic op obe.:IBA echniques,PIXE, TTPIXE, RBS, nuclea mic op obe. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLESPHYSICAL PRINCIPLESPHYSICAL PRINCIPLESPHYSICAL PRINCIPLES Pa icle InducedX-Ray Emission,Pa icle Induced X-Ray Emission,Pa icle Induced X-Ray Emission,Pa icle Induced X-Ray Emission, PIXE,PIXE,PIXE,PIXE, is an analy ical me hod based upon X- ayis an analy ical me hod based upon X- ayis an analy ical me hod based upon X- ayis an analy ical me hod based upon X- ay spec ome y whe eabeam o p o ons is used o ejec inne -shell elec ons om a omsspec ome y whe e abeam o p o ons is used o ejec inne -shell elec ons om a omsspec ome y whe e abeam o p o ons is used o ejec inne -shell elec ons om a omsspec ome y whe e abeam o p o ons is used o ejec inne -shell elec ons om a oms in aspecimenin aspecimenin aspecimenin aspecimen1111.When he esul ing acancies a e illed by ou e -shell elec ons,.When he esul ing acancies a e illed by ou e -shell elec ons,.When he esul ing acancies a e illed by ou e -shell elec ons,.When he esul ing acancies a e illed by ou e -shell elec ons, cha ac e is ic X- ayswhose ene gies iden i y he pa icula a om a e emi ed. Thecha ac e is ic X- ayswhose ene gies iden i y he pa icula a om a e emi ed. Thecha ac e is ic X- ayswhose ene gies iden i y he pa icula a om a e emi ed. Thecha ac e is ic X- ayswhose ene gies iden i y he pa icula a om a e emi ed. The ansi ion illing acancies in he inne mos shell a e called KX- ays and hose illing ansi ion illing acancies in he inne mos shell a e called KX- ays and hose illing ansi ion illing acancies in he inne mos shell a e called KX- ays and hose illing ansi ion illing acancies in he inne mos shell a e called KX- ays and hose illing he nex shell a e LX- ays, whose ene gies a e much lowe . he nex shell a e LX- ays, whose ene gies a e much lowe . he nex shell a e LX- ays, whose ene gies a e much lowe . he nex shell a e LX- ays, whose ene gies a e much lowe . The quan i a i e PIXE analysis is based on he ela ionship be ween he o al a eaThe quan i a i e PIXE analysis is based on he ela ionship be ween he o al a eaThe quan i a i e PIXE analysis is based on he ela ionship be ween he o al a eaThe quan i a i e PIXE analysis is based on he ela ionship be ween he o al a ea unde he cha ac e is ic X- ay peak and he eal concen a ion o he gi en elemen inunde he cha ac e is ic X- ay peak and he eal concen a ion o he gi en elemen inunde he cha ac e is ic X- ay peak and he eal concen a ion o he gi en elemen inunde he cha ac e is ic X- ay peak and he eal concen a ion o he gi en elemen in hesample. To ind he yield o cha ac e is ic X- ays omapa icula elemen al he sample. To ind he yield o cha ac e is ic X- ays omapa icula elemen al he sample. To ind he yield o cha ac e is ic X- ays omapa icula elemen al he sample. To ind he yield o cha ac e is ic X- ays omapa icula elemen al cons i uen homogeneously dis ibu ed wi hin a hick biological specimen, we usecons i uen homogeneously dis ibu ed wi hin a hick biological specimen, we usecons i uen homogeneously dis ibu ed wi hin a hick biological specimen, we usecons i uen homogeneously dis ibu ed wi hin a hick biological specimen, we use he ac ha i se s he inal p o on ene gy o ze o. The e o e, he yield equa ion o he ac ha i se s he inal p o on ene gy o ze o. The e o e, he yield equa ion o he ac ha i se s he inal p o on ene gy o ze o. The e o e, he yield equa ion o he ac ha i se s he inal p o on ene gy o ze o. The e o e, he yield equa ion o hicksamples in PIXE is hick samples in PIXE is hick samples in PIXE is hick samples in PIXE is ∫∫∫∫ ==== 0000 0000))))(((( ))))(((())))(((( ))))(((( EEEE zzzzzzzz zzzz zzzzzzzziiiizzzza a a a dEdEdEdE EEEESSSS EEEETTTTEEEE AAAA qCqCqCqCFFFFNNNN ZZZZYYYY σσσσ εεεεωωωω (1)(1)(1)(1) 177 CP1032, Medical Physics -Ten h Symposium on Medical Physics, edi ed by G. He e a Co al and L. M. Mon año Ze ina ©2008 Ame ican Ins i u e o Physics 978-0-7354-0556-1/08/$23.00 179 This a icle is copy igh ed as indica ed in he a icle. Reuse o AIP con en is subjec o he e ms a : h p://sci a ion.aip.o g/ e mscondi ions. Downloaded o IP: 148.204.139.225 On: F i, 14 Ma 2014 21:51:27 which gi es he ela ionship be ween he X- ays amoun and he elemen alwhich gi es he ela ionship be ween he X- ays amoun and he elemen alwhich gi es he ela ionship be ween he X- ays amoun and he elemen alwhich gi es he ela ionship be ween he X- ays amoun and he elemen al concen a ions, whe econcen a ions, whe econcen a ions, whe econcen a ions, whe e AAAAzzzzis hea omic mass o he elemen ,is he a omic mass o he elemen ,is he a omic mass o he elemen ,is he a omic mass o he elemen , NNNNa a a a he A ogad o´s he A ogad o´s he A ogad o´s he A ogad o´s numbe ,numbe ,numbe ,numbe , ωωωωzzzz he luo escence yield, he ansi ion p obabili ies be ween wo di e en he luo escence yield, he ansi ion p obabili ies be ween wo di e en he luo escence yield, he ansi ion p obabili ies be ween wo di e en he luo escence yield, he ansi ion p obabili ies be ween wo di e en shellsa e gi en byshells a e gi en byshells a e gi en byshells a e gi en by FFFFiiiiandandandand εεεεzzzzis he absolu e de ec ion e iciency. The concen a ion o is he absolu e de ec ion e iciency. The concen a ion o is he absolu e de ec ion e iciency. The concen a ion o is he absolu e de ec ion e iciency. The concen a ion o heelemen Zo in e es is C he elemen Zo in e es is C he elemen Zo in e es is C he elemen Zo in e es is Czzzz.In he in eg al we can see he ioniza ion c oss sec ion.In he in eg al we can see he ioniza ion c oss sec ion.In he in eg al we can see he ioniza ion c oss sec ion.In he in eg al we can see he ioniza ion c oss sec ion o p o on ene gy, o p o on ene gy, o p o on ene gy, o p o on ene gy, σσσσzzzz(E). Thema ix s opping powe s S(E), is calcula ed using B agg´s(E). The ma ix s opping powe s S(E), is calcula ed using B agg´s(E). The ma ix s opping powe s S(E), is calcula ed using B agg´s(E). The ma ix s opping powe s S(E), is calcula ed using B agg´s ule o linea combina ion o he componen s opping powe s. The quan i y T ule o linea combina ion o he componen s opping powe s. The quan i y T ule o linea combina ion o he componen s opping powe s. The quan i y T ule o linea combina ion o he componen s opping powe s. The quan i y Tzzzz(E)(E)(E)(E) desc ibes he ansmission o pho ons om successi e dep hs in he ma ix.desc ibes he ansmission o pho ons om successi e dep hs in he ma ix.desc ibes he ansmission o pho ons om successi e dep hs in he ma ix.desc ibes he ansmission o pho ons om successi e dep hs in he ma ix. The main unce ain ies in he absolu e quan i ying o PIXE elemen alThe main unce ain ies in he absolu e quan i ying o PIXE elemen alThe main unce ain ies in he absolu e quan i ying o PIXE elemen alThe main unce ain ies in he absolu e quan i ying o PIXE elemen al concen a ions a e he o al deposi ed beam cha geconcen a ions a e he o al deposi ed beam cha geconcen a ions a e he o al deposi ed beam cha geconcen a ions a e he o al deposi ed beam cha ge  he “ he “ he “ he “qqqq” ac o in Eq. (1)” ac o in Eq. (1)” ac o in Eq. (1)” ac o in Eq. (1) andandandand he localma ix composi ion. This is pa icula ly ue in ou case while wo king he local ma ix composi ion. This is pa icula ly ue in ou case while wo king he local ma ix composi ion. This is pa icula ly ue in ou case while wo king he local ma ix composi ion. This is pa icula ly ue in ou case while wo king mic obeam PIXE analysis wi h hick a ge biological samples.mic obeam PIXE analysis wi h hick a ge biological samples.mic obeam PIXE analysis wi h hick a ge biological samples.mic obeam PIXE analysis wi h hick a ge biological samples. On he o he hand, heOn he o he hand, heOn he o he hand, heOn he o he hand, he Ru he o d Backsca e ing Spec ome y,Ru he o d Backsca e ing Spec ome y,Ru he o d Backsca e ing Spec ome y,Ru he o d Backsca e ing Spec ome y, RBS,RBS,RBS,RBS, de ec s hede ec s hede ec s hede ec s he ene gies andamoun o he elas ic backsca e ed ions om asolid a ge due o heene gies and amoun o he elas ic backsca e ed ions om asolid a ge due o heene gies and amoun o he elas ic backsca e ed ions om asolid a ge due o heene gies and amoun o he elas ic backsca e ed ions om asolid a ge due o he Coulomb in e ac ion wi h he a om nuclea s uc u eCoulombin e ac ion wi h he a om nuclea s uc u eCoulombin e ac ion wi h he a om nuclea s uc u eCoulombin e ac ion wi h he a om nuclea s uc u e2222.... The use o simul aneous RBS analysis can sol e he unce ain ies in PIXE analysisThe use o simul aneous RBS analysis can sol e he unce ain ies in PIXE analysisThe use o simul aneous RBS analysis can sol e he unce ain ies in PIXE analysisThe use o simul aneous RBS analysis can sol e he unce ain ies in PIXE analysis in many cases. P o ided he RBS spec um can be well modelled, i s shape gi esin many cases. P o ided he RBS spec um can be well modelled, i s shape gi esin many cases. P o ided he RBS spec um can be well modelled, i s shape gi esin many cases. P o ided he RBS spec um can be well modelled, i s shape gi es in o ma ionon he local ma ix composi ion, while he o al a ea dependson he o alin o ma ion on he local ma ix composi ion, while he o al a ea dependson he o alin o ma ion on he local ma ix composi ion, while he o al a ea dependson he o alin o ma ion on he local ma ix composi ion, while he o al a ea dependson he o al beam cha ge. The a io be ween he ue cha geand he measu ed cha ge ( he “q”beam cha ge. The a io be ween he ue cha geand he measu ed cha ge ( he “q”beam cha ge. The a io be ween he ue cha geand he measu ed cha ge ( he “q”beam cha ge. The a io be ween he ue cha geand he measu ed cha ge ( he “q” ac o ) can hen be used o no malise he PIXE da a ac o ) can hen be used o no malise he PIXE da a ac o ) can hen be used o no malise he PIXE da a ac o ) can hen be used o no malise he PIXE da a3333.RBS also p o ides in o ma ion.RBS also p o ides in o ma ion.RBS also p o ides in o ma ion.RBS also p o ides in o ma ion on hose elemen s wi h low a omic numbe s, his is e y use ul when we a e ying oon hose elemen s wi h low a omic numbe s, his is e y use ul when we a e ying oon hose elemen s wi h low a omic numbe s, his is e y use ul when we a e ying oon hose elemen s wi h low a omic numbe s, his is e y use ul when we a e ying o analyze biological samples.analyze biological samples.analyze biological samples.analyze biological samples. In his way, PIXE is amul i-elemen al echnique wi h excellen sensi i i y andIn his way, PIXE is amul i-elemen al echnique wi h excellen sensi i i y andIn his way, PIXE is amul i-elemen al echnique wi h excellen sensi i i y andIn his way, PIXE is amul i-elemen al echnique wi h excellen sensi i i y and de ec ion limi s ac oss awide angeo a omic numbe . Addi ionally, PIXE p o idesde ec ion limi s ac oss awide angeo a omic numbe . Addi ionally, PIXE p o idesde ec ion limi s ac oss awide angeo a omic numbe . Addi ionally, PIXE p o idesde ec ion limi s ac oss awide angeo a omic numbe . Addi ionally, PIXE p o ides ela i ely p ecise measu emen s om e y smallamoun s o ma e ial. ela i ely p ecise measu emen s om e y smallamoun s o ma e ial. ela i ely p ecise measu emen s om e y smallamoun s o ma e ial. ela i ely p ecise measu emen s om e y smallamoun s o ma e ial. EXPERIMENTAL SETUPEXPERIMENTAL SETUPEXPERIMENTAL SETUPEXPERIMENTAL SETUP PIXE andRBS echniques we e pe o med simul aneously wi hin anuclea PIXE and RBS echniques we e pe o med simul aneously wi hin anuclea PIXE and RBS echniques we e pe o med simul aneously wi hin anuclea PIXE and RBS echniques we e pe o med simul aneously wi hin anuclea mic op obe (Fig. 1) and hey we e ca ied ou using he 3MVpele on andemmic op obe (Fig. 1) and hey we e ca ied ou using he 3MVpele on andemmic op obe (Fig. 1) and hey we e ca ied ou using he 3MVpele on andemmic op obe (Fig. 1) and hey we e ca ied ou using he 3MVpele on andem accele a o a Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es (CNA), Se illa, Spain. The calledaccele a o a Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es (CNA), Se illa, Spain. The calledaccele a o a Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es (CNA), Se illa, Spain. The calledaccele a o a Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es (CNA), Se illa, Spain. The called mic o-PIXE simply in ol es ocusing he beam down o small a eal dimensions, 4mic o-PIXE simply in ol es ocusing he beam down o small a eal dimensions, 4mic o-PIXE simply in ol es ocusing he beam down o small a eal dimensions, 4mic o-PIXE simply in ol es ocusing he beam down o small a eal dimensions, 4 μμμμminou case, so ha i can be scanned ac oss he su ace o aspecimen and husminou case, so ha i can be scanned ac oss he su ace o aspecimen and husminou case, so ha i can be scanned ac oss he su ace o aspecimen and husminou case, so ha i can be scanned ac oss he su ace o aspecimen and hus p o ide concen a ion da a as a unc ion o posi ion. Magne ic lenses such as coilsp o ide concen a ion da a as a unc ion o posi ion. Magne ic lenses such as coilsp o ide concen a ion da a as a unc ion o posi ion. Magne ic lenses such as coilsp o ide concen a ion da a as a unc ion o posi ion. Magne ic lenses such as coils wound o gene a e aquad upola ield p oduce ademagni ied image o he objec wound o gene a e aquad upola ield p oduce ademagni ied image o he objec wound o gene a e aquad upola ield p oduce ademagni ied image o he objec wound o gene a e aquad upola ield p oduce ademagni ied image o he objec ape u e a he specimen su ace. Scanning ac oss abiological specimen becomesape u e a he specimen su ace. Scanning ac oss abiological specimen becomesape u e a he specimen su ace. Scanning ac oss abiological specimen becomesape u e a he specimen su ace. Scanning ac oss abiological specimen becomes possible o ob ain concen a ion maps. Hence, he inal in ensi y o he beam is e ypossible o ob ain concen a ion maps. Hence, he inal in ensi y o he beam is e ypossible o ob ain concen a ion maps. Hence, he inal in ensi y o he beam is e ypossible o ob ain concen a ion maps. Hence, he inal in ensi y o he beam is e y low in o de oa oid he damage in biological samples.low in o de o a oid he damage in biological samples.low in o de o a oid he damage in biological samples.low in o de o a oid he damage in biological samples. A3MeV p o on beam was used o i adia e he sample. ASi(Li) de ec o wasA3MeV p o on beam was used o i adia e he sample. ASi(Li) de ec o wasA3MeV p o on beam was used o i adia e he sample. ASi(Li) de ec o wasA3MeV p o on beam was used o i adia e he sample. ASi(Li) de ec o was employed ocollec he X- ays wi h a80mmemployed o collec he X- ays wi h a80mmemployed o collec he X- ays wi h a80mmemployed o collec he X- ays wi h a80mm 2222ac i e a ea and asu ace ba ie ac i e a ea and asu ace ba ie ac i e a ea and asu ace ba ie ac i e a ea and asu ace ba ie de ec o was used o collec he backsca e ed pa icles.de ec o was used o collec he backsca e ed pa icles.de ec o was used o collec he backsca e ed pa icles.de ec o was used o collec he backsca e ed pa icles. 178 180 This a icle is copy igh ed as indica ed in he a icle. Reuse o AIP con en is subjec o he e ms a : h p://sci a ion.aip.o g/ e mscondi ions. Downloaded o IP: 148.204.139.225 On: F i, 14 Ma 2014 21:51:27 FIGURE 1.FIGURE 1.FIGURE 1.FIGURE 1. We can show he nuclea mic op obe (le ), whe e amic oscope is ins alled in o de o seeWe can show he nuclea mic op obe (le ), whe e amic oscope is ins alled in o de o seeWe can show he nuclea mic op obe (le ), whe e amic oscope is ins alled in o de o seeWe can show he nuclea mic op obe (le ), whe e amic oscope is ins alled in o de o see he mic ome ic beam.The quad upola lenses and scanning sys em a e also shown. he mic ome ic beam.The quad upola lenses and scanning sys em a e also shown. he mic ome ic beam.The quad upola lenses and scanning sys em a e also shown. he mic ome ic beam.The quad upola lenses and scanning sys em a e also shown. The Si(Li)de ec o has a“ unny il e ”The Si(Li) de ec o has a“ unny il e ”The Si(Li) de ec o has a“ unny il e ”The Si(Li) de ec o has a“ unny il e ”4444placed in he window because is aplaced in he window because is aplaced in he window because is aplaced in he window because is a con enien choice o biological specimens. Those samples a e insula ing a ge s, o con enien choice o biological specimens. Those samples a e insula ing a ge s, o con enien choice o biological specimens. Those samples a e insula ing a ge s, o con enien choice o biological specimens. Those samples a e insula ing a ge s, o his eason we used aca bon oil sp aying elec ons wi h he pu pose o a oid he his eason we used aca bon oil sp aying elec ons wi h he pu pose o a oid he his eason we used aca bon oil sp aying elec ons wi h he pu pose o a oid he his eason we used aca bon oil sp aying elec ons wi h he pu pose o a oid he samples cha ge up.samples cha ge up.samples cha ge up.samples cha ge up. RESULTSRESULTSRESULTSRESULTS Example o PIXE spec a ob ained om elec onic chain (de ec o , mul ichannelExample o PIXE spec a ob ained om elec onic chain (de ec o , mul ichannelExample o PIXE spec a ob ained om elec onic chain (de ec o , mul ichannelExample o PIXE spec a ob ained om elec onic chain (de ec o , mul ichannel analyze andcompu e ) o A-13 IAEA´s s anda d ( eeze d ied animal blood) isanalyze and compu e ) o A-13 IAEA´s s anda d ( eeze d ied animal blood) isanalyze and compu e ) o A-13 IAEA´s s anda d ( eeze d ied animal blood) isanalyze and compu e ) o A-13 IAEA´s s anda d ( eeze d ied animal blood) is shown in Fig. 2.shown in Fig. 2.shown in Fig. 2.shown in Fig. 2. 246810 12 14 16246810 12 14 16246810 12 14 16246810 12 14 16 1111 10101010 100100100100 1000100010001000 10000100001000010000 100000100000100000100000 Coun s pe channelCoun s pe channelCoun s pe channelCoun s pe channel Ene gy (keV)Ene gy (keV)Ene gy (keV)Ene gy (keV) A13S anda d( eeze d iedanimal blood)A13S anda d( eeze d iedanimal blood)A13S anda d( eeze d iedanimal blood)A13S anda d( eeze d iedanimal blood) FeFeFeFe (ZnZnZnZnkkkkα ααα α +Cu+Cu+Cu+Cukkkkβ βββ β) CuCuCuCu KKKK CaCaCaCa ClClClCl NaNaNaNa FIGURE 2.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 2.FIGURE 2. PIXE spec a ob ained in ou expe imen al se up. The spec a shows somePIXE spec a ob ained in ou expe imen al se up. The spec a shows somePIXE spec a ob ained in ou expe imen al se up. The spec a shows somePIXE spec a ob ained in ou expe imen al se up. The spec a shows some cha ac e is ic X-Ray peaks o abiological s anda d gi en by he In e na ional A omic Ene gy Agency.cha ac e is ic X-Ray peaks o abiological s anda d gi en by he In e na ional A omic Ene gy Agency.cha ac e is ic X-Ray peaks o abiological s anda d gi en by he In e na ional A omic Ene gy Agency.cha ac e is ic X-Ray peaks o abiological s anda d gi en by he In e na ional A omic Ene gy Agency. 179 181 This a icle is copy igh ed as indica ed in he a icle. Reuse o AIP con en is subjec o he e ms a : h p://sci a ion.aip.o g/ e mscondi ions. Downloaded o IP: 148.204.139.225 On: F i, 14 Ma 2014 21:51:27 TABLE 1.TABLE 1.TABLE 1.TABLE 1. Elemen al concen a ions gi en inElemen al concen a ions gi en inElemen al concen a ions gi en inElemen al concen a ions gi en in ppmppmppmppm.The ce i ied concen a ions a egi enby he.The ce i ied concen a ions a egi enby he.The ce i ied concen a ions a egi enby he.The ce i ied concen a ions a egi enby he IAEA, while he concen a ions o A13 expe imen a e expe imen ally ob ained.IAEA, while he concen a ions o A13 expe imen a e expe imen ally ob ained.IAEA, while he concen a ions o A13 expe imen a e expe imen ally ob ained.IAEA, while he concen a ions o A13 expe imen a e expe imen ally ob ained. Sample Na PSCl KCaFeCuZnB RbSample Na PSCl KCaFeCuZnB RbSample Na PSCl KCaFeCuZnB RbSample Na PSCl KCaFeCuZnB Rb A13A13A13A13 Ce i iedCe i iedCe i iedCe i ied 12600940 6500 NC 2500 286 2400 41322212600940 6500 NC 2500 286 2400 41322212600940 6500 NC 2500 286 2400 41322212600940 6500 NC 2500 286 2400 413222 A13A13A13A13 Expe imen 132411021 6614 7748 2581 292 2399 413212Expe imen 132411021 6614 7748 2581 292 2399 413212Expe imen 132411021 6614 7748 2581 292 2399 413212Expe imen 132411021 6614 7748 2581 292 2399 413212 The PIXE spec a we e analyzed wi h he GUPIXWIN so wa eThe PIXE spec a we e analyzed wi h he GUPIXWIN so wa eThe PIXE spec a we e analyzed wi h he GUPIXWIN so wa eThe PIXE spec a we e analyzed wi h he GUPIXWIN so wa e (h p://pixe.physics.uoguelph.ca) and he elemen al concen a ions we e ob ained by(h p://pixe.physics.uoguelph.ca) and he elemen al concen a ions we e ob ained by(h p://pixe.physics.uoguelph.ca) and he elemen al concen a ions we e ob ained by(h p://pixe.physics.uoguelph.ca) and he elemen al concen a ions we e ob ained by no malizingPIXE da a o he i adia ed mass and cha ge ob ained om he RBSno malizing PIXE da a o he i adia ed mass and cha ge ob ained om he RBSno malizing PIXE da a o he i adia ed mass and cha ge ob ained om he RBSno malizing PIXE da a o he i adia ed mass and cha ge ob ained om he RBS spec a. Thece i ied alues o hes anda d a e shown in he Table 1and hey a espec a. Thece i ied alues o hes anda d a e shown in he Table 1and hey a espec a. Thece i ied alues o hes anda d a e shown in he Table 1and hey a espec a. Thece i ied alues o hes anda d a e shown in he Table 1and hey a e compa ed wi h hose ob ained in he expe imen .compa ed wi h hose ob ained in he expe imen .compa ed wi h hose ob ained in he expe imen .compa ed wi h hose ob ained in he expe imen . F om he Table 1wecan obse e han he ce i ied alues a e e y close o hoseF om he Table 1wecan obse e han he ce i ied alues a e e y close o hoseF om he Table 1wecan obse e han he ce i ied alues a e e y close o hoseF om he Table 1wecan obse e han he ce i ied alues a e e y close o hose ob ained o ou expe imen .ob ained o ou expe imen .ob ained o ou expe imen .ob ained o ou expe imen . The e o e, a e educing heunce ain ies ob ained by PIXE i ing he spec a iaThe e o e, a e educing he unce ain ies ob ained by PIXE i ing he spec a iaThe e o e, a e educing he unce ain ies ob ained by PIXE i ing he spec a iaThe e o e, a e educing he unce ain ies ob ained by PIXE i ing he spec a ia RBS, he ob ained alues a e he expec ed alues. Mo eo e , we can see ha he useRBS, he ob ained alues a e he expec ed alues. Mo eo e , we can see ha he useRBS, he ob ained alues a e he expec ed alues. Mo eo e , we can see ha he useRBS, he ob ained alues a e he expec ed alues. Mo eo e , we can see ha he use o 3MeV p o ons, he nuclea mic op obe, he unny il e and all he o he o 3MeV p o ons, he nuclea mic op obe, he unny il e and all he o he o 3MeV p o ons, he nuclea mic op obe, he unny il e and all he o he o 3MeV p o ons, he nuclea mic op obe, he unny il e and all he o he componen s in ou expe imen , inc ease he con idence le el on he esul s.componen s in ou expe imen , inc ease he con idence le el on he esul s.componen s in ou expe imen , inc ease he con idence le el on he esul s.componen s in ou expe imen , inc ease he con idence le el on he esul s. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTS This wo k was suppo edbyCONACyT, CONCyTEG and Uni e si y o This wo k was suppo ed by CONACyT, CONCyTEG and Uni e si y o This wo k was suppo ed by CONACyT, CONCyTEG and Uni e si y o This wo k was suppo ed by CONACyT, CONCyTEG and Uni e si y o Guanajua o. We also wan o hank o Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es o heGuanajua o. We also wan o hank o Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es o heGuanajua o. We also wan o hank o Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es o heGuanajua o. We also wan o hank o Cen o Nacional de Acele ado es o he Uni e si y o Se illa, Spain.Uni e si y o Se illa, Spain.Uni e si y o Se illa, Spain.Uni e si y o Se illa, Spain. REFERENCESREFERENCESREFERENCESREFERENCES 1. S.A.E Johansson and J.L Campbell.1. S.A.E Johansson and J.L Campbell.1. S.A.E Johansson and J.L Campbell.1. S.A.E Johansson and J.L Campbell. PIXE Ano el echnique o elemen al analysisPIXE Ano el echnique o elemen al analysisPIXE Ano el echnique o elemen al analysisPIXE Ano el echnique o elemen al analysis,. John Willey,. John Willey,. John Willey,. John Willey and Sons.1988.and Sons.1988.and Sons.1988.and Sons.1988. 2. Chu, W. K.,Maye , J. W., Nicole , M.A.2. Chu, W. K.,Maye , J. W., Nicole , M.A.2. Chu, W. K.,Maye , J. W., Nicole , M.A.2. Chu, W. K.,Maye , J. W., Nicole , M.A. Backsca e ing spec ome yBacksca e ing spec ome yBacksca e ing spec ome yBacksca e ing spec ome y.Academic P ess..Academic P ess..Academic P ess..Academic P ess. 3. G. W. G ime.The “q ac o ” me hod: quan i a i e mic oPIXE analysis using RBS no maliza ion.3. G. W. G ime. The “q ac o ” me hod: quan i a i e mic oPIXE analysis using RBS no maliza ion.3. G. W. G ime. The “q ac o ” me hod: quan i a i e mic oPIXE analysis using RBS no maliza ion.3. G. W. G ime. The “q ac o ” me hod: quan i a i e mic oPIXE analysis using RBS no maliza ion. NIMNIMNIMNIM BBBB.109/110.170-174. (1996).109/110.170-174. (1996).109/110.170-174. (1996).109/110.170-174. (1996) 4. J. F. Ha ison andR.A.Eld ed, Ad . X- ay Anal., 17 560(1973)4. J. F. Ha ison andR.A.Eld ed, Ad . X- ay Anal., 17 560(1973)4. J. F. Ha ison andR.A.Eld ed, Ad . X- ay Anal., 17 560(1973)4. J. F. Ha ison andR.A.Eld ed, Ad . X- ay Anal., 17 560(1973) 180 182 This a icle is copy igh ed as indica ed in he a icle. 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