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Colours Found During Restoration of the Seville City Hall Facade

Robador González, María Dolores; Albardonedo Freire, Antonio José; Pérez Rodríguez, José Luis

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P ocedia Enginee ing 161 ( 2016 ) 1673 – 1677 A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com 1877-7058 © 2016 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he o ganizing commi ee o WMCAUS 2016 doi: 10.1016/j.p oeng.2016.08.644 ScienceDi ec :RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU &LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6 PSRVLXP :0&$86 &RORXUV)RXQG'XULQJ5HVWRUDWLRQRIWKH6HYLOOH&LW +DOO)DFDGH 0DULD'RORUHV5REDGRUD$QWRQLR$OEDUGRQDGRE-RVp/XLV3HUH]5RGU JXH]F aTechnical A chi ec u e Facul y, Uni e si y o Se ille, A da Reina Me cedes s/n, 41012 Se ille, Spain bFacul ad de Geog a ía e His o ia. 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