Preface

Preface As this is the first Supplement produced by JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance (JAC-AMR) we thought it would be helpful for readers for us to briefly outline our vision and intention for these Supplements. JAC-AMR is a unique, open access, peer-reviewed journal that incorporates traditional peer-reviewed research articles (including opinions, reviews and original articles) and educational resources (peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed). Research articles are creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. The research submitted may be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or for education. Education resources, which may use explicit or tacit knowledge, are those that aim to facilitate learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and beliefs. Both aim to improve practice. Educational resources may include typical teaching/training videos, presentations, discussions and storytelling. We believe this mixed approach to learning will allow sharing of a broader range of styles and modes of learning resource. We hope you that you enjoy this new format as we continue toinnovate concerning how we learn and share knowledge. This Supplement offers readers knowledge in the form of research and evolving educational information and experience relating to the clinical role of cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic, in the treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections. The Supplement consists of two research articles: a review that provides a detailed overview of antimicrobial resistance during and beyond COVID-19 (Professor David Livermore) 1 and a case report (Dr Mabayoje and colleagues) 2 of the compassionate use of cefiderocol for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii prosthetic joint infection. This case report is also accompanied by an educational 7 min PowerPoint video presentation of the case by one of the authors, Dr David Wareham. Both of these articles weresubject to peer and editorial review and are presented as traditional journal articles. In addition to the research articles, there are four education resources that take the form primarily of narrated PowerPoint presentation videos with accompanying transcripts. All these resources were subject to editorial review and full transparency declarations. The Supplement is introduced by Dr Abid Hussain. 3 He outlines the novel mechanism of action of cefiderocol, its activity and stability against a range of carbapenemases, and the changing epidemiology of Gram-negative bacterial infections, with a focus on the UK, and highlights the approval for use of cefiderocol in Europe combined with the introduction of EUCAST breakpoints and guidance to support laboratories. In the second education video, 4 Dr Karas, from Shionogi, expands on the mechanism of action and activity of cefiderocol. Importantly, he provides a review of the principal points from the analysis of key clinical trial data for cefiderocol as well as outcomes across a range of infections, populations and settings. He goes on to summarize the core in vitro data, highlighting the universal in vitro activity of cefiderocol against all WHO priority 1 critical pathogens, and the realworld-setting studies of the use of the agent since 2016. The presentation includes an interesting discussion of the challenges associated with how susceptibility testing for this agent is currently performed. This is followed by a compelling 15 min PowerPoint discussion by Professor Edgeworth, a microbiologist from the UK. He provides a personal critical analysis of the data provided by Dr Karas with a particular focus on the interpretation of data from one key efficacy study: CREDIBLE-CR. Instructively, he shares a previously published case study of a complex severe infection (native valve aortic endocarditis due to an MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as a means of highlighting the realworld challenges of susceptibility testing for new agents and evaluating their real-world use and impact on clinical care and outcomes. Recognizing there is much to be learnt from sharing clinical experiences, a common occurrence in everyday clinical practice, we include two clinical examples. Dr Chavda and colleagues 5 provide a written example of compassionate use of cefiderocol in a patient with severe osteomyelitis caused by XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is also presented by Mr Mark Gilchrist in a PowerPoint video presentation. The second—the case report and accompanying video mentioned previously 2 — details the compassionate use of cefiderocol for the treatment of A. baumannii prosthetic joint infection. Finally, Professor Falcone 6 provides a condensed overview of the cefiderocol compassionate use case series previously published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7 as well as his own unpublished experience in the ICU setting. Dilip Nathwani Conor Jamieson Trisha Peel Pilar Retamar-Gentil Transparency declarations P.R.-G. has been a speaker for Shionogi. All other Editors: none to declare. V CThe Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. i1 J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 3Suppl 1: i1–i2 doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlab075 JAC- Antimicrobial Resistance Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/3/Supplement_1/i1/6299285 by Universidad de Sevilla user on 21 December 2022 References 1Livermore DM. Antibiotic resistance during and beyond COVID-19. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i5–i16. 2Mabayoje DA, NicFhogartaigh C, Cherian BP et al. Compassionate use of cefiderocol for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii prosthetic joint infection. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i21–i24. 3Hussain A. Education: The role of the first siderophore cephalosporin Fetcroja V R (cefiderocol) in UK clinical practice: introduction. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i3–i4. 4Karas JA, Edgeworth J. Education: An introduction to the core data for cefiderocol with reflections for a possible role within UK clinical practice. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i17. 5Chavda A, Gilchrist M, Samarasinghe D. Education: A compassionate use of cefiderocol to treat osteomyelitis caused by an XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i18–i20. 6Falcone M. Education: An overview from the author of ‘Cefiderocol as rescue therapy for Acinetobacter baumannii and other carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections in intensive care unit patients’. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3Suppl 1: i25. 7Falcone M, Tiseo G, Nicastro M et al. Cefiderocol as rescue therapy for Acinetobacter baumannii and other carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections in intensive care unit patients. Clin Infect Dis 2020; doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1410. Preface i2 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jacamr/article/3/Supplement_1/i1/6299285 by Universidad de Sevilla user on 21 December 2022