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Diseño de una instalación solar fotovoltaica para suministro de energía eléctrica de una vivienda unifamiliar en la provincia de Huelva

Aguaded Maestre, Isabel

Abstract

El presente proyecto consiste en diseñar un sistema de abastecimiento eléctrico para una instalación doméstica mediante la utilización de energía renovable, haciendo posible una reducción de contaminación ambiental, conservación de recursos naturales y mejorar por tanto la calidad de vida de las personas. El estudio realizado es un supuesto de una vivienda aislada. En un principio, los aparatos incluidos en el estudio eran más numerosos, pero se ha considerado oportuno rehacer los aparatos a instalar y sus tiempos de uso con el fin de conseguir el sistema con una inversión razonable, para que no se sobredimensione y el banco de baterías sea económicamente viable. Se estudia la optimización de las posibilidades del emplazamiento atendiendo a consideraciones técnicas, económicas y estéticas. Así como la máxima integración de la instalación, de manera que su posible afectación sea mínima. Se realiza el dimensionado y justificación de los componentes de una instalación solar fotovoltaica destinada a suministrar una vivienda autónoma, dando asistencia diaria a un total de 4 personas. Para llegar a obtener dichos elementos se ha usado el software Pvsyst, que sirve de gran ayuda para realizar una simulación correcta de la instalación, facilitando datos de interés y necesarios para poder concretar la instalación futura (número y características de los elementos a instalar) y asegurar su correcto funcionamiento. El motivo por el que se ha optado al estudio con este tipo de instalación es el entorno en el que se encontrará el domicilio, lugar de costa donde la mayoría de los días del año son días soleados, donde las temperaturas son consideradas altas. Además el punto exacto está a las afueras del pueblo, donde comienza a estar sin edificaciones y el ambiente es virgen.

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LG265S1C-G3 / LG260S1C-G3 / LG255S1C-G3 / LG250S1C-G3 LG Electronics, Inc. (Korea Exchange: 06657.KS) is one of the globally leading companies and technology innovator for electronics, information and communication products. LG Electronics currently employs more than 91.000 people worldwide in 117 companies. In fi scal year 2011 a turnover of 48,97 billion USD has been achieved. LG is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of mobile phones, fl at screen TVs, air conditioners, washing machines and refrigerators. As a futureoriented company, LG relies on the technology of renewable energies and is expanding it. The entire range of high quality solar products are being manufactured in LG’s leading production site Korea. Reliable Warranties LG stands by its products with the strength of a global corporation and sterling warranty policies. Together with a 10 year product warranty a 25 year linear performance warranty is offered. Positive Power Tolerance LG provides rigorous quality testing to solar modules to assure customers of the stated power outputs of all modules, with a positive nominal tolerance starting at 0%. Convenient Installation LG modules are carefully designed to help installers benefi t from quick and easy installations throughout carrying, grounding, and connecting stages of modules. The LG Mark of Excellence Customers rest assured of cutting-edge technology and reliability when they see the LG logo on every module. The LG logo refl ects the high standards that have guided LG for more than 50 years. 100% EL Test Completed All LG modules are tested at various stages of the production by Electroluminescence inspection. The EL inspection detects cracks unseen by the naked eye. Light and Robust With a weight of just 16.8 kg, LG modules are proven to demonstrate outstanding durability against external pressure up to 5400 Pa. Light & Robust Linear warranty Positive Power Tolerance Convenient Installation LG Mark of Excellence KM 564573 BS EN 61215 Photovoltaic Modules LG265S1C-G3 / LG260S1C-G3 / LG255S1C-G3 / LG250S1C-G3 Copyright © 2013 LG Electronics. All rights reserved. LG Electronics Deutschland GmbH EU Solar Business Group Berliner Straße 93 40880 Ratingen, Germany Email: [email protected] www.lg.com/uk/solar Temperature Coeffi cients NOCT 44.9 ± 2 °C Pmpp -0.459 %/K Voc -0.343 %/K Isc 0.054 %/K 11st year: 97%, 2nd - 25th year: -0,7%/a, 25th year: 80,2% Certifi cations and Warranty Certifi cations IEC 61215, IEC 61730-1/-2, IEC 61701, UL 1703, OHSAS 18001, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, DLG-FokusTest Ammonia Resistance Product warranty 10 years Output warranty of Pmax (Measurement tolerance ± 3%) 25 years linear warranty 1 Characteristic Curves 200 W 400 W 600 W 800 W 1000 W Current (A) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Voltage (V) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature (°C) Isc, Voc, Pmax (%) Pmax Voc Isc 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -25 0 25 50 75 -40 90 All specifi cations of this data sheet comply with DIN EN 50380. Subject to change without notice. Status: 02/2013 Document: DS-S1C-G3-EN-201302 Mechanical Properties Cells 6 x 10 Cell vendor LG Cell type Monocrystalline Cell dimensions 156 x 156 mm2 Cell busbars 3 Front cover Glass Dimensions (L × W × H) 1640 x 1000 x 35 (mm) Static load 5400 Pa (snow) 2400 Pa (wind) Weight 16.8 ± 0.5 kg Connector type MC4, IP 67 Junction box IP 67 with 3 bypass diodes Length of cables 2 x 1000 mm Frame Anodized aluminum 2 STC (Standard Test Conditions): Irradiance 1000 W/m2, module temperature 25 °C, AM 1.5 Application Class: A (according to IEC 61730), Safety Class: II The nameplate power output is measured and determined by LG Electronics at its sole and absolute discretion. Electrical Properties (STC 2 ) 3 NOCT (Nominal Operating Cell Temperature): Irradiance 800 W/m2, ambient temperature 20 °C, wind speed 1 m/s Electrical Properties (NOCT 3 ) Dimensions (mm) 265 W 260 W 255 W 250 W Maximum power Pmax (W) 265 260 255 250 MPP voltage Vmpp (V) 31.4 31.2 31.0 30.8 MPP current Impp (A) 8.46 8.35 8.24 8.13 Open circuit voltage Voc (V) 38.7 38.6 38.4 38.3 Short circuit current Isc (A) 8.92 8.82 8.72 8.62 Module effi ciency (%) 16.2 15.9 15.6 15.2 Operating temperature ( °C )-40 ~ +90 Maximum system voltage (V) 1000 Maximum series fuse rating (A) 15 Power tolerance (%) 0 ~ +3 265 W 260 W 255 W 250 W Maximum power (Pmpp) 195 191 187 183 MPP voltage (Vmpp) 28.4 28.2 28.1 27.9 MPP current (Impp) 6.84 6.76 6.67 6.58 Open circuit voltage (Voc) 35.8 35.6 35.5 35.4 Short circuit current (Isc) 7.21 7.13 7.05 6.97 Effi ciency reduction (from 1000 W/m2 to 200 W/m2) < 4.5 % The distance is between the center of the mounting/grounding wholes. 48 18 18 4x Drain holes 944 370 105 270 900 Distance between mounting holes 1100 Distance between mounting holes Size of long side 1640 4.0*7.5 (Y view) Long side frame Short side frame 10 35 28 10 35 22 4.0 5.5 R1.5 4.0 7.5 Ø8.0 Detail X Detail Y Detail Z Distance between mounting holes 1000 960 Size of short side Junction box 35 1000 Cable length 4x Drain holes 12x Grounding holes 8x Mounting holes 5.5*4.0 (X view) Ø4.3 Ø8.0 (Z view)