"Cons" at the moment of introducing new eco-efficient technologies to build a detached house. Case Study: A house in Palomares del Rio (Seville)
Abstract
The need for construction and restoration of buildings within an ecological and sustainable manner is highlighted in this increasingly aware global world; so it is very easy to fail thinking on how simple it could be to execute certain eco-efficient constructive proposal in any project, no matter its size. Despite having previous experiences in construction of several prefabricated buildings (fire stations, offices, schools), and participating in some important research projects on studying new eco-efficient constructive proposals for dwellings, as the Patio 2.12 project for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012, that was the mistake our team failed into when we decided to incorporate a new more efficient constructive system in a private promoted detached house project. This works shows, by means of a real and built example, that kind of things that is not usually told in a congress or an article: all those problems found during the incorporation process which have to be controlled to improve the viability of any building project which pretends to apply new solutions. In this case, the problem was to move from a traditional detached house project based on a system of structural walls with 3cm of insulation, plastered and painted, floor slabs with beams and concrete slabs, balustrades and small windows, pitched roofs... (private promoter’s first idea) to a contemporary house project based on a Steel Frame system with 14cm of insulation, and multiple eco-efficient architectural strategies, with mezzanine floor, double height and large windows(final project) ... at the same price and lesser execution time. All those problems our team had to face and the different constructive proposals and professional decisions we reached out during the different phases of this project, from first stages to the end of the building process, to obtain at the same price a detached house executed in less time and with more material and environmental quality than a traditional one through the incorporation of eco-efficient proposals are shown in this paper by adding real budgets, time programs, comparative studies, sketches, drawings and photographs. In spite of the economical crisis, this house has risen 50% in value.
Full text
P oceedings o he II In e na ional and IV Na ional Cong ess on Sus ainable Cons uc ion and Eco-
E icien Solu ions
843
‘CONS’ AT THE MOMENT OF INTRODUCING NEW ECO-EFFICIENT
TECHNOLOGIES TO BUILD A DETACHED HOUSE. CASE STUDY: A HOUSE IN
PALOMARES DEL RIO (SEVILLE)
1
*Mo eno Rangel, Da id;
1
Fe nández Expósi o, Manuel;
1
Esqui ias Fe nández, Paula
M.
1
G upo TEP 130: “A qui ec u a, Pa imonio y Sos enibilidad: Acús ica, Iluminación,
Óp ica y Ene gía”. Ins i u o Uni e si a io de A qui ec u a y Ciencias de la
Cons ucción (IUACC). Uni e sidad de Se illa.
A enida de la Reina Me cedes 2, 41012 Se illa, España
e-mail: *da idmo[email p o ec ed]
ABSTRACT
The need o cons uc ion and es o a ion o buildings wi hin an ecological and sus ainable
manne is highligh ed in his inc easingly awa e global wo ld; so i is e y easy o ail hinking
on how simple i could be o execu e ce ain eco-e icien cons uc i e p oposal in any
p ojec , no ma e i s size.
Despi e ha ing p e ious expe iences in cons uc ion o se e al p e ab ica ed buildings ( i e
s a ions, o ices, schools), and pa icipa ing in some impo an esea ch p ojec s on s udying
new eco-e icien cons uc i e p oposals o dwellings, as he Pa io 2.12 p ojec o Sola
Deca hlon Eu ope 2012, ha was he mis ake ou eam ailed in o when we decided o
inco po a e a new mo e e icien cons uc i e sys em in a p i a e p omo ed de ached house
p ojec .
This wo ks shows, by means o a eal and buil example, ha kind o hings ha is no usually
old in a cong ess o an a icle: all hose p oblems ound du ing he inco po a ion p ocess
which ha e o be con olled o imp o e he iabili y o any building p ojec which p e ends o
apply new solu ions.
In his case, he p oblem was o mo e om a adi ional de ached house p ojec based on a
sys em o s uc u al walls wi h 3cm o insula ion, plas e ed and pain ed, loo slabs wi h
beams and conc e e slabs, balus ades and small windows, pi ched oo s... (p i a e
p omo e ’s i s idea) o a con empo a y house p ojec based on a S eel F ame sys em wi h
14cm o insula ion, and mul iple eco-e icien a chi ec u al s a egies, wi h mezzanine loo ,
double heigh and la ge windows( inal p ojec ) ... a he same p ice and lesse execu ion
ime.
All hose p oblems ou eam had o ace and he di e en cons uc i e p oposals and
p o essional decisions we eached ou du ing he di e en phases o his p ojec , om i s
s ages o he end o he building p ocess, o ob ain a he same p ice a de ached house
execu ed in less ime and wi h mo e ma e ial and en i onmen al quali y han a adi ional one
h ough he inco po a ion o eco-e icien p oposals a e shown in his pape by adding eal
budge s, ime p og ams, compa a i e s udies, ske ches, d awings and pho og aphs.
In spi e o he economical c isis, his house has isen 50% in alue.
Keywo ds: Eco-e icien p oposals, S eel ame, Viabili y, Rise in alue
Chap e III – Ene gy E iciency
844
1.-In oduc ion
The wo ld o he cons uc ion in pa icula and he socie y in gene al is, o una ely,
inc easingly a oused by he need o cons uc and ehabili a e ollowing an ecological
and sus ainable speech [1]. A chi ec u e is been complemen ed wi h adjec i es ha
y o desc ibe a cou se o he change (ecological, g een, sus ainable, eco-e icien ,
bioclima ic, en i onmen al …) in spi e o he ac ha s ill we do no know he
di e ences be ween he di e en meanings o hose adjec i es.
The ma ke is been illed wi h pa en s comme cialized by huge companies,
cons uc i e o s uc u al solu ions, ega ding hyg o he mal condi ioning, ene gy
e icien al e na i es, ha assu e o imp o e he quali y o li e minimizing hei
en i onmen al impac [2].
Eco-e icien cons uc i e solu ions a e necessa y, his is well-known and ew people
will ques ion his eali y. Ne e heless we a e no always conscious abou he
di icul y an a chi ec has o ace wi h a he momen o wan ing o in oduce one o
hese cons uc i e al e na i es in any a chi ec u al p ojec .
Facing his pano ama i is easy o all down in he mis ake o hinking how easy i
could be o execu e ce ain eco-e icien solu ions in any p ojec [3] [4], o small ha
i could be, especially when he de elope companies a e anxious o ob ain clien s
and o demons a e hei scien i ic p og esses and ha ’s why hey will p o ide
a chi ec s any help hey need.
In spi e o p e ious expe ience a he execu ion o di e en p e ab ica ed buildings
( i e s a ions, o ices, schools, housings) and pa icipa ion in some impo an esea ch
p ojec s ocused on inding new eco-e icien cons uc i e solu ions o dwellings (as
he Pa io 2.12 p ojec o he Sola Deca hlon Eu ope 2012 compe i ion) his one was
he mis ake we did when we decided o apply a new mo e e icien cons uc ion
sys em when a p i a e p omo e ask us o design and build an single- amily house.
2.-Objec i es
The aim o his wo k will be o show by means o a eal and execu ed case s udy,
hose aspec s ha is no usually old in an a icle o in a con e ence: all he
disad an ages o hese p ocesses ha need o be con olled o p o ide iabili y o
any p ojec ying o apply new eco-e icien solu ions. Fi s ly his wo k will compa e
he adi ional and habi ual cons uc i e sys ems wi h hei eco-e icien al e na i es
highligh ing he ad an ages, bu no icing he disad an ages ha a ise du ing he
whole building p ocess ( om he p elimina y design up o he end o he execu ion o
he building).
3.-Me hodology
The case s udy is a building p ojec which a chi ec s a e wo o he au ho s o his
wo k (D . Da id Mo eno Rangel and Manuel Fe nández Expósi o). The asks done
and he di icul ies ound will be desc ibed in a sequen ial p ocess o each s age o
he a chi ec u al p ojec .
P o ided ha his case s udy has se ed as base o he elabo a ion o a Mas e
Thesis o he s uden En ique Ramos To es i led ‘al e na i e cons uc i e sys ems:
p e ab ica ion and indus ializa ion’ supe ised by D . Da id Mo eno Rangel, some o
his esea ch esul s will be shown o suppo some conside a ions and conclusions o
his communica ion.
The main objec i e o his wo k is o b ing o ligh cu en ly in exis ence al e na i e
cons uc i e sys ems showing hei cha ac e is ics and basic speci ica ions:
ma e ials, cons uc i e sec ions, assembly, execu ion imes, economical aspec s,
echnical di icul ies among o he s aspec s.
P oceedings o he II In e na ional and IV Na ional Cong ess on Sus ainable Cons uc ion and Eco-
E icien Solu ions
845
Al hough some exempli ica ions a e made based on his p ojec , his expe ience is
acqui ed a e he execu ion o di e se p omo ions o his ypology, including he
pa icipa ion in he esea ch p ojec abou eco-e icien and sus ainable de ached
house o Sola Deca hlon Eu ope: Pa io 2.12.
4.-Case s udy
A single- amily house placed a he council a ea o Paloma es del Río (Se ille,
Spain) is p oposed as case s udy. I is de eloped in a unique loo . The li ing oom
has he double o he no mal heigh and i has a small mezzanine. I s buil a ea is o
135.74 m
2
and a use ul o al a ea o 117.23 m
2
(Table 1).
Use ul a ea
117,23 m
2
G ound loo
105,89 m
2
Bed oom 1 8,79 m
2
Bed oom 2 8,82 m
2
Bed oom 3 8,54 m
2
Bed oom 4 15,34 m
2
Ba h oom 1 4,09 m
2
Ba h oom 2 4,12 m
2
Co ido 6,13 m
2
Hall 5,84 m
2
Ki chen 8,80 m
2
Li ing-dining oom 35,42 m
2
Mezzanine
11,34 m
2
S udio 11,34 m
2
Table 1 “Use ul a ea o he case s udy”
I has ou bed ooms ( wo doubles and wo singles), wo ba h ooms, a d essing oom,
a ki chen, a hall, a double-heigh li ing oom, a s udio and a dining oom ( ig. 1).
Fig. 1 “Case s udy: g ound loo , mezzanine and wo pe spec i e iews”. Sou ce:
es udio Heliopausa
Chap e III – Ene gy E iciency
846
I is placed no cen ed a he op o i s 1100 m
2
piece o g ound, opening wo big
windows acing sou heas owa ds he ee a ea o he plo whe e he p ope y will
c ea e a ga den and build a swimming pool ( ig. 2).
Fig. 2 “Case s udy: Final loca ion a he plo and some pho og aphs du ing he
execu ion”. Sou ce: es udio Heliopausa
P oceedings o he II In e na ional and IV Na ional Cong ess on Sus ainable Cons uc ion and Eco-
E icien Solu ions
847
This case s udy has also been aken by En ique Ramos To es as an example o
de elop his Mas e Thesis i led ‘al e na i e cons uc i e sys ems: p e ab ica ion and
indus ializa ion’ wi hin he mas e cou se Sus ainable Ci y and A chi ec u e, o icial
i le o he Uni e si y o Se ille.
5.-Ini ial s udies
The e we e se e al s a poin p emises exposed by p omo e s ha helped o
con ince hem abou he need o use indus ialized and p e ab ica ed cons uc i e
solu ions [5] [6], in oducing eco-e icien solu ions ha clea ly imp o ed hei quali y
o li e as well as he ela ionship be ween use ul su ace/buil su ace.
- The house had o be buil wi hin 4 mon hs
- The imp o emen o he adi ional habi abili y condi ions esul ed om an sel -
buil house
A ini ial design s age, six di e en design we e made ( ig. 4) complemen ed wi h
hei co esponding s udy o su aces and economic alua ion compa ed wi h he
adi ional sys em and o he al e na i e p e ab ica ed sys ems ( ig. 3). I has o be
no iced in his momen ha he e we e impo an economic di e ences be ween
hose o e s ecei ed by cons uc ion companies specialized in adi ional solu ions
and by hose companies ocused on any eco-e icien sys em, a his p elimina y
design s age, all o hem made by eal companies and unde compe i i e
speci ica ions.
In his s age Balloon ame (26% cheape han a adi ional one), S eel ame (simila
o e ), S eel box (5% mo e expensi e han a adi ional one) and p e ab ica ed
conc e e elemen s (38% mo e expensi e han a adi ional) companies we e
analysed.
A e he i s mee ing wi h p omo e s ano he se en a ia ions we e decided o be
done ying o adap o he needs o hem and o he cons uc i e and echnique
equi emen s o he chosen p e ab ica ed solu ion.
Fig. 3 “Case s udy: es ima ed economic compa ison”. Sou ce: es udio Heliopausa
Chap e III – Ene gy E iciency
848
Fig. 4 “Case s udy: ini ial p oposals”. Sou ce: es udio Heliopausa
The inal solu ion was alued by 82 companies, 71 o hem we e na ional companies
and 11 o hem we e o eign companies, specialized in 7 di e en p e ab ica ed and
indus ialized solu ions ( ig. 5): p ojec ed conc e e o e expanded polys y ene (EPS),
EPS panels shu e ing, EPS blocks shu e ing, p e ab ica ed conc e e panels, c oss-
ib es lamina ed wood panels, Balloon ame and S eel ame.
P oceedings o he II In e na ional and IV Na ional Cong ess on Sus ainable Cons uc ion and Eco-
E icien Solu ions
849
Fig. 5 “Dis ibu ion o o e s ob ained by solu ion”. Sou ce: En ique Ramos To es
(Mas e Final P ojec )
Mos o hese companies sen a budge s uc u ed by chap e s wi hou de ails abou
hei componen s. A he second equi emen hey educed he budge . The cos s o
hose chap e s a e compa ed below ( ig. 6)
Fig. 6 “Compa ison o he 1s and he 2nd economic o e s ecei ed classi ied by
cons uc i e solu ions”. Sou ce: En ique Ramos To es (Mas e Final P ojec )
A compa ison be ween U- alues ob ained wi h e e y sys em as ‘de aul op ion’
sugges ed by he company and hose heo e ical alues based on he Ca alogue o
Cons uc ion Elemen s o he Spanish Building Code was also made ( ig. 7), as well
as a compa ison be ween a e age execu ion imes o he end o he building
gua an eed by he company ( ig. 8)
Chap e III – Ene gy E iciency
850
Fig. 7 “Case s udy: heo e ical U- alues s p o ided U- alues”. Sou ce: En ique
Ramos To es (Mas e Final P ojec )
Fig. 8 “Case s udy: Cons uc i e solu ions, a e age gua an eed execu ion ime and
cos s by mon h”. Sou ce: En ique Ramos To es (Mas e Final P ojec )
Taking in o conside a ion all o hese aspec s and he equi emen s o he p omo e s,
S eel F ame s uc u al sys em was chosen.
A summa y o he cons uc i e cha ac e is ics o e e y adop ed solu ion is shown
below.
5.1-S uc u al sys em
5.1.1-Founda ion
Acco ding o he geo echnical s udy o de ed o CEMOSA, a ounda ion was execu ed
based on a ein o ced conc e e slab o 40 cm heigh (HA 25-B-30-IIa, no mal con ol,
B-400-S) placed a 1 m dep h espec o g ound su ace. This slab was on a 10 cm o
P oceedings o he II In e na ional and IV Na ional Cong ess on Sus ainable Cons uc ion and Eco-
E icien Solu ions
851
pou ed conc e e (HL-150/B/20). I has some embedded Jim en sinks as pa o he
sewage sys em.
5.1.2-Suppo ing s uc u e
The suppo ing s uc u e is a S eel F ame s uc u al sys em composed by 2 mm hick
S250GDZ275 gal anized s eel p o iles, disposed a e ically (C- o m, 175.5x50 mm)
and ho izon ally (U- o m, 200x75 mm) linked be ween hem and wi h ounda ion by
means o hexagonal head sel -sc ew bol s o 6.3x25 mm.
5.2-Cons uc ion elemen s
5.2.1-Ve ical ex e nal wall
Ex e nal he mal Isola ion sys em composed by: s a ing sc ewed s eel p o ile,
ea men o he i oc panels suppo s wi h RHONA A-2000 de ices o b idge he
gap, apping o igid expanded polys y ene panels (acco ding o UNE-EN 13499 wi h
mo a RHONA T-700) and ixing clea s sp ead co e ing 6 uni /m
2
, ein o ce de ices
a e e y co ne by means o co ne b acke s; supe icial panel p o ec ion based on
wo mo a laye s ein o ced wi h alkali- esis an ib e glass mesh RHONAMESH T-
150 o 145 g /m
2
; i s coa laye done wi h REVIQUARZ; inal coa ing made wi h
whi e ac ylic mo a REVIQUARZ. In e io inishing made wi h plas e boa d panels o
15 mm hickness ancho ed o omega- o m s eel p o iles. The ai gap o his s uc u al
sys em has been illed wi h 10 cm o ock wool o 100 kg/m
3
.
5.2.2-Roo
The oo is composed by a non-wo en double geo ex ile laye dano el y PY300 wi h
sho polyes e ib es o 300 g /m
2
. Wa e p oo laye o g ey colou ed plas icised
poly inyl chlo ide (PVC) Rheno ol CG 1,2 ein o ced wi h non-wo en glass ib e
syn he ic el wi h a du abili y o 40 yea s, exposed e en a he DIT400/R-09 in
acco dance wi h CTE. Fla oo sys em is inished by means o po ous il ón slab and
ex uded polys y ene, DANALOSA b and o 50x50 cm and 75 mm hickness.
Rainwa e sys em is made by ‘plu ia de Gebe i ’ sys em connec ed o sewage
sys em.
5.2.3-Openings
PVC ame windows o di e en sizes and dimensions. Secu i y glazing 4+4 wi h 6
mm o bu yl, ai gap o 10 mm, and 4+4 wi h 6 mm o bu yl. Kimbe ling p emiline PVC
ame sys em wi h he mal b eak and neop ene ai igh ness join s. Slide, close and
secu i y ea u es.
5.2.4-Pa i ions
Made by means o plas e boa d pa i ion 46/600 composed by wo plas e boa d
laye s o 15 mm hickness each sc ewed a each side o a gal anized s eel s uc u e
o ho izon al and e ical p o iles o 46 mm wi h a sepa a ion o 600 mm be ween
axis. Be ween he wo double plas e boa d laye s he pa i ion inco po a e a ock
wool panel o 40 mm hickness.
5.2.5-Building se ices
Con en ional building se ices a e implemen ed. The house is comple ely equipped
wi h plumbing, sewage, elec ici y, elecommunica ions, cooling and hea ing ac i e
sys ems (a i eplace included), sola collec o s and hyb id en ila ion se ices.
I has o be highligh ed he Gebe i sys em ins alled a he oo o execu e i wi hou
slope, as well as hose Jim en sinks embedded in he ein o ced conc e e slab.