Determination of the uncertainties and the physiological similarities of family members by using the biometric device the broadway 3D

In e na ional Jou nal o Applied Enginee ing Resea ch ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Numbe 9 (2016) pp 6373-6375 © Resea ch India Publica ions. h p://www. ipublica ion.com 6373 De e mina ion o he Unce ain ies and he Physiological Simila i ies o Family Membe s by using he Biome ic De ice he B oadway 3D Hana Talando a, Lukas K alik, Milan Adamek Secu i y Enginee ing Depa men , Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlin, Facul y o Applied In o ma ics, Zlin, Czech Republic Abs ac The biome ic iden i ica ion by he ace is one o he oldes biome ic iden i ica ion. Wi h inc easing p og ess has been using o iden i ica ion by he ace was implemen ed in o a ea o secu i y, whe e i p o ides a as e and mo e accu a e iden i ica ion. The 3D ace eade uses o he iden i ica ion o he pe son: eyes, mou h, nose, and in con as o 2D eade s also chin and cheeks. 3D ace eade by B oadway manu ac u e was used o measu e he physiological simila i ies o amily membe s. I is equipped wi h he 3D came a sys em, which uses he me hod o s uc u ed ligh scanning and sa es he empla e in o he 3D model o ace. The ob ained da a we e e alua ed by so wa e Tu ns ile En olmen Applica ion (TEA). The pa icipan s o he measu emen we e membe s o h ee di e en amilies. Each pe son was compa ed wi h he p e iously sa ed empla es o o he amily membe s. On basis o his ac was e alua ed he simila i y o amily membe s. Keywo ds: Biome ic iden i ica ion, ace, B oadway 3D eade , simila i y In oduc ion The iden i ica ion o people by ace is one o he oldes me hods o biome ic iden i ica ion. People ecognizing ano he pe son by ace, because i is he easies and he mos na u al way. The ace is sui able o iden i ica ion o e i ica ion. This me hod was g adually in oduced in o he secu i y a ea. A he en ance o he objec , he use submi s iden i ica ion documen o he doo man who subsequen ly ecognized by he a ached pho o o ace, whe he i is he au ho ized pe son. This ype o e i ica ion is s ill used. . Wi h he p og ess o echnology, doo men ha e been eplaced by his biome ic sys em. The secu i y s a can make a mis ake when hey check a la ge numbe o people. The biome ic eade o ace p o ides a as e and mo e accu a e iden i ica ion hen s anda d isual me hod. The ace is composed om h ee basic cha ac e is ics he ex e nal s uc u es, which help o shape he o e all pic u e o he ace. These a e he eyes, he nose and he mou h. These pa s a e a iables o each e hnic g oup, i is educes he likelihood o wo people wi h all iden ical cha ac e is ics. O he cha ac e s de e mining he ace image a e chin and cheeks, which a e impo an especial o 3D ace eade s. The shape o he chin is loca ed in he lowe pa o he ace and i is de e mines he o e all shape o he lowe pa o he ace. The cheek is ano he pa which is impo an especially o side iew. I is o med by he shape o he ob e se, he empo al bone and hei in e connec ion cheeks a ches. Fu he mo e, i s shape is a ec ed by so pa s o he ace, hus acial muscles and subcu aneous issue. Facial Recogni ion by Using he 3D Reade s The ace is composed om h ee basic cha ac e is ics he ex e nal s uc u es, which help o shape he o e all pic u e o he ace. These a e he eyes, he nose and he mou h. These pa s a e a iables o each e hnic g oup, i is educes he likelihood o wo people wi h all iden ical cha ac e is ics. O he cha ac e s de e mining he ace image a e chin and cheeks, which a e impo an especial o 3D ace eade s. The biome ic sys ems o iden i ying people by 3D images a e sa e and mo e e ec i e me hod o iden i ying. 3D ace image is c ea ed by using he polygonal ne wo k o iangula shape. Figu e 1: The p ocess o acial ecogni ion Face De ec ion consis s o ou s eps (Figu e 1). The i s s ep is o iden i y he ace in he image. The eyes and mou h a e sea ched in images ha oge he hey o m a iangle and hey a e da ke han hei su oundings. The p ocess con inues by no maliza ion ace, so ha he image o ace was p ede ined s anda dized dimensions and i was compa able wi h a pa e n. Whe e he acial image is c opped and s anda dized in e ms o size, pose, ligh ing o he s o ed empla e ace. Then hey a e ound indi idual cha ac e is ics ha a e obse ed ( egions eyes, nose, mou h, chin, eyeb ows and o he impo an poin s on he ace). A he end o he ou h s ep is he ecogni ion o aces. [1,2] The Biome ic De ice B oadway 3d The biome ic de ice B oadway 3D ep esen s he possibili y o p o ec ion objec s which equi e a high secu i y le el. The de ice acqui es biome ic samples ( empla e) o he use a egis a ion, which a e used o iden i ica ion o e i ica ion. The B oadway in comple e au onomy e alua es whe he he use is au ho ized o no . The esul ing in o ma ion is displayed on he connec ed display uni o indica ed by LEDs in he uppe pa o he de ice[7]. In e na ional Jou nal o Applied Enginee ing Resea ch ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Numbe 9 (2016) pp 6373-6375 © Resea ch India Publica ions. h p://www. ipublica ion.com 6374 B oadway 3D ace eade is i s de ice a ound he wo ld which is capable o isually iden i y pe son as easily as people a e iden i ying wi h each o he . While he iden i ica ion only akes a spli second. Sigh on he de ice du ing walking o e en unning is su icien o enable The B oadway o ecognize he iden i y o one use o he ens o housands o p e iously egis e ed indi iduals. The 3D ace eade The B oadway is equipped by 3D came a sys em which eco ds and sa es he unique h ee-dimensional shape o ace. In con as o he human eye he de ice has he abili y o dis inguish sligh he di e ences o geome y wi h accu acy o ac ion o a millime e, allowing i o de ec e en iden ical wins. Technology o 3D scanning enables as and p ecise scanning he aces o pe son by using he me hod o s uc u ed ligh . The ligh is p ojec ed h ough he g id on he su ace o he objec whe e he came a scans he su ace o he objec om ano he loca ion han he ligh and hus leads o measu ing he angle and he dis ance. The ad an age o 3D ace de ec ion consis s in he abili y o measu e he angle and he dis ance, unlike he 2D eo ganiza ion which only measu e he dis ance in he s uc u e o ace. The g id o med on he su ace o he scanned objec he ne wo k coo dina es, which a e used o accu a e calcula ion o each poin . The ex u e o came a is synch onized wi h he 3D senso , which has a wide ield o iew. The senso cap u es he shape and su ace s uc u e o he objec . F ame equency o he came a is 15 ames pe second and cap u es images a wide angles up o 41 deg ee. So i is able o cap u e people's aces eaching down hal he heigh o an adul such as child en and people in wheelchai s [7]. Me hodology o Measu emen Fo wo king wi h he biome ic de ice was used eewa e so wa e Tu ns ile En olmen Applica ion (TEA). The applica ion TEA was de eloped o managing o biome ic da abase. The TEA is use - iendly and o e s many possibili ies. I ep esen s easie al e na i e o SDK, which also allows he biome ic da a om he eade . The B oadway was connec ed o he wo compu e s. The compu e 1, which includes a da abase o biome ic samples, is connec ed wi h he compu e 2 by using E he ne cable. The B oadway 3D is connec ed di ec ly o he compu e uni 2 by using USB. The compu e 1 keeps he da abase o biome ic samples and communica es wi h a TEA, which is ins alled on he compu e 2[6]. Figu e 2: Comple e Measu emen In e ace-Schema ic[4] The h eshold was speci ied 60%, hus he lowes possible alue, which causes a eac ion o he biome ic sys em. When applies ha he smalle h eshold, he g ea e p obabili y o he alse iden i ica ion o e i ica ion o he pe son. And wi h high h eshold he pa icula use may no be iden i ied. In his case, depends on he quali y o he model, gene a ed du ing scanning aces which is a ec ed by en i onmen . Du ing egis a ion he use is asked o appea be o e he B oadway 3D and main ain a speci ied dis ance om he biome ic de ice om 90 o 120 cen ime es. The quali y o he model c ea ed du ing he egis a ion p ocess can be e alua ed based on he alue o quali y he egis a ion. This pa ame e can ake alues be ween 0 and 1000. The model was e alua ed as sui able o use as a e e ence empla e, when he alue anged om 850 o 1000. O he wise, he egis a ion had o be done again. Subsequen ly, he iden i ica ion was pe o med o each pe son and compa ing wi h he each amily membe . Resul o measu emen he physiological simila i ies o amily membe s The Resul o Measu emen The measu emen was pa icipa ed by h ee amilies. The i s amily is h ee gene a ions and has 8 membe s. While he second and hi d amily is only wo gene a ions which ha e only 3 and 4 amily membe s. Fi s , he biome ic empla e was c ea ed o all measu ed pe sons. The ea e , each pe son was measu ed and compa ed wi h hei empla e (yellow alues) and subsequen ly wi h o he amily membe s. Table 1: Family 1 GMS GMI Fa he Mo he Aun Son1 Son2 Cousin GMS 60.4 22.2 32.6 18.7 19 G MI 60.3 15.8 14.7 14 16 Fa he 18.4 61.2 20.3 25.3 21.2 Mo he 12.2 15.1 14.1 69.3 13.4 Aun 24.1 60.4 21.6 18.6 24.9 Son1 16.5 21.3 19.9 63.2 23.1 Son2 16.2 20.1 16.6 22.3 69.3 Cousin 18.5 16.5 14.7 22.3 60.2 Table 1 shows he amily 1. The amily lineage in his in es iga ed sample is G andmo he S (GMS) has a son and a daugh e ( a he and aun ) G andmo he I (GMI) has a daugh e (mo he ), a he and mo he ha e 1 son, bu his a he s ill has a son 2. Compa ing o sa ed empla es be ween a he -son b ings simila i y in he ange om 20.1% o 25.3%. Compa ing o sa ed empla es be ween mo he -daugh e b ings simila i y in he ange om 14.7% o 32.6%. The deg ee o simila i y be ween siblings is a ound 23%, whe eas compa ing wi h he o he amily membe s, he deg ee o he simila i y is a ound 15%. In e na ional Jou nal o Applied Enginee ing Resea ch ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Numbe 9 (2016) pp 6373-6375 © Resea ch India Publica ions. h p://www. ipublica ion.com 6375 Table 2: Family 2 Son Fa he Mo he Son 70 Fa he 23 83.7 Mo he 70.8 In Table 2, we can see a amily 2 whe e alue du ing epe ed iden i ica ion o he same pe son was ob ained in he ange om 70% o 83.7% .Acco ding o ob ained alues; he highes simila i y is be ween a he and son. When, hei ela i e simila i y is in he ange om 23% o 25.4%. Table 3: Family 3 Mo he Fa he Son1 Son2 Mo he 62.1 Fa he 61.1 27.8 Son1 28.8 60.9 29.7 Son2 27.3 23.9 78.3 Table 3 p esen s alues o a wo-gene a ion amily 3, which consis s o ou membe s. He e we can see again he ela i e simila i y be ween sons and a he . When, he alue o simila i y is in he ange om 23.9% o 29.7%. The deg ee o simila i y be ween siblings is in he ange om 23.9% o 29.7%. Tables show he compa ison o he physiological simila i ies o amily membe s in he biome ic iden i ica ion by he ace. As we can see, epea ed iden i ica ion o he same pe son is in he ange om 60% o 83% compliance wi h he sa ed empla e. This low compliance may be caused by ad e se ligh condi ions, when measu emen was made in illumina ion wi h luo escen lamps. Compa ing o sa ed empla es be ween a he -son b ings simila i y in he ange om 20% o 30%. Compa ing o sa ed empla es be ween mo he -daugh e b ings simila i y in he ange om 14% o 32%. The deg ee o simila i y be ween siblings is also a ound 25%, whe eas compa ing wi h he o he amily membe s, he deg ee o he simila i y is a ound 15%. In Tables, he e a e some emp y cells because simila i y was lowe han 10% and his alue is i ele an . Regis a ion was signi ican ly mo e di icul o women who ha e long hai . In many cases, he hai all down in o his ace and educe he isible a ea aces. This is e lec ed in he quali y o he esul ing empla e. The e o e, i was o en necessa y o epea he egis a ion p ocess. Conclusion The measu ed esul s show ha he deg ee o simila i y in he amily is maximal 32%. When, he simila i y in he amily he e is always he mo he -daugh e and a he -son. Fu he , he measu ed alues show ha i amily membe s o e wo gene a ions a e compa ed, hen he deg ee o simila i y is low. Howe e , when wo amily membe s o he same gene a ion o ollowing gene a ion a e compa ed, hen he esul s o simila i y a e highe . The biome ic accesses a e inc easingly also used in he public a eas and he e o e p ecision and accu acy o scanning is e y impo an . The e o e, i is necessa y o se up co ec ly he h eshold in he access sys ems in o de o a oid g an ing access o an unau ho ized pe son. Acknowledgmen Wi h suppo by g an No. IGA/FAI/2016/027 and IGA/CebiaTech/2016/006 om IGA (In e nal G an Agency) o Thomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlin. This wo k was suppo ed by he Minis y o Educa ion, You h and Spo s o he Czech Republic wi hin he Na ional Sus ainabili y P og amme p ojec No. LO1303 (MSMT-7778/2014). Re e ences [1] W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosen eld, and P. Phillips. Face ecogni ion: A li e a u e su ey. ACM Compu ing Su eys, pp. 399-458, 2003. [2] Ma qu´es. Face ecogni ion algo i hms. P oyec o Fin de Ca e a, pp. 1-78, 2010 [3] Rak, Roman, Václa MATYÁŠ a Zdeněk ŘÍHA. Biome ics and iden i y o a pe son in o ensic science and comme cial applica ions. 1. P aha: G ada Publishing, a.s., 2008. ISBN 978-80-247-2365-5. [4] LI, Haizhou, Liyuan LI a Ka -Ann TOH. Ad anced opics in biome ics. New Je sey: Wo ld Scien i ic, c2012, x , 500 s. ISBN 978-981-4287-84-5. [5] Biome ics [online]. 2007 [ci . 2010-05-16]. Dos upnéz www :<h p://pagespe so-o ange. / inge chip/bio me ics/biome ics.h m>. [6] A ec G oup, Inc. Tu ns ile En ollmen Applica ion: Use Manual. Luxembou g, 2011. [7] ARTEC GROUP, Inc. B oadway 3D: Use Manual. B no, [2011]. [8] Talando a, Hana. S udy abou applica ion o biome ic sys ems in he indus y o comme cial secu i y. Zlin, 2010. Bachelo hesis. UTB in Zlin. [9] D ahanský, Ma in a Filip ORSÁG. Biome ics. 1. [B no: M. D ahanský], 2011, 294 s. ISBN 978-80-254- 8979-6. [10]