Arquitectas, un reto en el ámbito profesional y docente
Abstract
La mujer está protagonizando un cambio profundo, esencial, en el entendimiento de la disciplina arquitectónica. Su incorporación masiva a la vida laboral y al ámbito público en los últimos años ha supuesto un cambio radical en la concepción de la vida cotidiana que, sin embargo, las ciudades y los espacios en los que habitamos no están preparados para asumir. Adaptarse a las nuevas demandas de la sociedad requiere una revisión constante y nueva de los criterios habituales aplicados al diseño de la vivienda y a la definición de espacios de encuentro entre lo público y lo privado que faciliten la conciliación de la vida laboral, familiar y de ocio. Desde el ámbito de la universidad es necesario que el alumno explore, a partir de una observación crítica, la escena social contemporánea que le rodea. Es preciso traer a las aulas la discusión sobre estos temas con el objetivo de formar a profesionales con capacidad de proponer desde la arquitectura, en todo su amplio espectro de posibilidades de actuación –programas, organizaciones sociales, soluciones urbanas, propuestas arquitectónicas…-, respuestas concretas que asuman el compromiso de conectar con las personas y hacer frente a estos problemas complejos de la realidad.
Full text
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conocer la verdad acerca de las violaciones manifiestas de los derechos humanos y las
infracciones graves de las normas de de rechos humanos es un derecho autóno mo e
inalienable, vinculado a la obligación y el deber del Estado de proteger y garantizar los
derechos humanos, realizar investiga ciones efic aces y velar porque haya recursos efectivos
y se obtenga reparac ión. Este derecho , estrechamente vinculado con otros derechos, tiene
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admite suspensió n y no debe estar sujeto a restricc iones Ǥ ǡ ×
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proteger los derechos humanos” ; y alentó a los “Estados a que estudien la posibilida d de
crear mecanismos judiciales específicos y, se gún proceda, comisiones de la verdad y la
reconciliación que complementen el sistema judicial para investigar y dar una respuesta a
las violaciones manifiestas de los derechos humanos y las violaciones graves del derecho
internacional humanitario dzǤǤͳͻ
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en todos sus aspectos. Por eso hacen falta normas. Ellas tratan de salvaguardar unos
mínimos obligatorios para todos, compartidos por todos en los mismos términos y que a
todos se debe aplicar con idénticos criterios. Sin normas, no hay universalidad ni
igualdad en las exigencias; sin igualdad y universalidad en las cuestiones necesarias,
la cooperación social consagra y legitima desigualdades y arbitrariedades. La
deontología habla de lo que es vinculante para todos. De los espacios abiertos y
plurales que quedan para el bien se ocupa la ética ´+RUWDO$SS
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“Si los contenidos de la actividad periodística se intentasen garantizar
principalmente a través de normas jurídicas el peligro es que se podría encorsetar,
sofocar y obstaculizar la propia libertad de expresión a través de una rígida coacción
exterior y de una tipificación exagerada de conductas y manifestaciones en que lo lícito
o ilícito se encuentra a veces en fronteras muy difíciles de deslindar. Por tanto parece
más adecuado establecer un control asumido desde el interior de los medios y que se
ejerza como autocontrol ético. En definitiva en relación con el ejercicio del periodismo
es preferible aplicar un máximo ético y un mínimo jurídico. Sin embargo esta solo será
una solución válida a condición de que los compromisos y la responsab ilidad ética se
asuman públicamente porque la ética del periodismo debe concebirse como una ética
social y publica ya que los medios de comunicación sean públicos o privados ejercen
claramente una función pública que afecta al mismo tiempo a todos los
ciudadanos ´1~QH](QFDER
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(XURSD FXDQGR VHxDOD HQ HO SXQWR ³ Para la supervisión de la aplicación de estos
principios, es necesario crear organismos o mecanismos de autocontrol, compuestos
por editores, periodistas, asociaciones de usuarios de medios de comunicación,
73
representantes del ámbito universitario y jueces que elaboren resoluciones sobre el
respeto de los preceptos deontológicos para los periodistas, que los medios se
encargarán de hacer públicas. Todo esto ayudará al ciudadano que tiene derecho a la
información, a tener un juicio crítico sobre el trabajo del periodista y sobre su
credibilidad ´
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“¿El TEDH hará deontología sin saberlo, quererlo o reconocerlo? ¿Por qué
motivo? ¿No se convertiría de este modo la deontología en una fuente del derecho e
incluso en regla del derecho? Si la ética periodística parece más suave, menos
limitativa y restrictiva que la regla del derecho, ¿Cuál sería entonces el valor de éste?
¿No se encontraría reemplazado? Si, por el contrario, la deontología se sobreañade al
derecho, los profesionales, a quienes se imponen las nuevas obligaciones
complementarias ¿no se verían desanimados de preocuparse de la deontología…en
detrimento de su libertad, de su sentido de responsabilidad, de la calidad de las
informaciones difundidas y del servicio debido al público? En cualquier caso, no hay
mucho que obtener o esperar, sobre este punto, de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal
Europeo, globalmente favorable a la libertad de expresión, y con una amplia tendencia
a considerar que la injerencia de las autoridades nacionales (legislad ores y jueces, e
incluso de instituciones de deontología) en el ejercicio de esta libertad no es «necesa ria
en una sociedad democrática».
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poblaciones enteras o a determinados segmentos del público (cancelación de
Internet) no puede estar justificada en ningún caso, ni siquiera por razones de orden
público o seguridad nacional. Lo mismo se aplica a las medidas de reducción de la
velocidad de navegación de Internet o de partes de este.
c. La negación del derecho de acceso a Internet, a modo de sanción, constituye
una medida extrema que solo podría estar justificada cuando no existan otras
medidas menos restrictivas y siempre que haya sido ordenada por la justicia,
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autoridad judicial competente podrá adoptar las medidas previstas en este artículo,
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“El enaltecimiento o la justificación por cualquier medio de expresión pública o
difusión de los delitos comprendidos en los artículos 571 a 577 de este Código o de
quienes hayan participado en su ejecución, o la realización de actos que entrañen
descrédito, menosprecio o humillación de las víctimas de los delitos terroristas o de sus
familiares se castigará con la pena de pris ión de uno a dos años. El Juez también podrá
acordar en la sentencia, durante el período de tiempo que el mismo señale, alguna o
algunas de las prohibiciones previstas en el artículo 57 de este Código”.
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En tu texto, trata a África como si fuera un solo país. Hace calor y es polvoriento,
lleno de praderas onduladas y enormes manadas de animales junto a gentes altas,
delgadas y famélicas.
También puede ser caluroso y húmedo, con gente muy pequeña que come
primates. No te enredes con detalles y descripciones precisas. África es grande:
54 países y 900 millones de personas que están demasiado ocupadas pasando
hambre, muriendo, guerreando y emigrando para leer tu libro. El continente está
lleno de desiertos, junglas, montañas, sabanas y muchas otras cosas, pero a tus
lectores no les interesa eso, así que mantén las descripciones románticas,
evocadoras y no particulares. :DLQDLQD
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es un medio visual potente, con una habilidad extraordinaria para influenciar
en el pensamiento y en el comportamiento de sus audiencias (como demostraron
los misioneros), las películas demostraron ser una herramienta poderosa para
el adoctrinamiento de los africanos en las culturas externas, incluyendo sus
ideales y valores estéticos. 68 8NDGLNH
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FLQHPDWRJUiILFRIUDQFpV*HRUJHV6DGRXOHVFULEtDHQHOGLDULR Le Monde:
Sesenta y cinco años después del invento del cine, todavía no se ha producido ni
un solo largometraje realmente africano, es decir, interpretado, rodado, escrito,
ideado, montado por africanos y, naturalmente, hablado en una lengua africana.
Es decir, que 200 millones de personas quedan excluidas de la forma más
avanzada del arte más moderno. Estoy convencido de que antes de finales de los
años sesenta este escándalo será sólo un mal recuerdo de los tiempos pasados.
(en Arensburg, 2010: 23)
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