Neurolinguistic side­‐effects of childhood cancer treatment

1 ! Neurolinguis+c-side/effects-- of-childhood-cancer-treatment-- - Dr-Gloria-Álvarez-Benito-- Universidad-de-Sevilla-- - - 2 Childhood-cancer-survival- The!survival!rate!of!children!with!brain!cancer!and!tumours!has! been!going!up!in!the!last!years.! 3 Long/term-effects- With! the! increase! of! cancer! survival,! different! communica<ve,!cogni<ve!and!psychological!late=effects! have!been!observed!in!children.! These!long=term!effects!may!be!caused!by:! q Surgery! q Chemotherapy! q Radiotherapy!! ! Brain-areas- Broca’s!area!>!Speech! produc<on! Wernicke’s!area!>!recep<on! !! Frontal!Eye!Fields!!!!!!!!!!!Motor!!!!!!!!!Visual=temporal!!!!!!!!!!Vision!!!!!!!!!!Visual=parietal! Broca’s!Region!!!!!!!!Audi<on!!!!!!!Wernicke’s!!!!!!!Cogni<on!!!!!!!Emo<on!!!!!!!Olfac<on!!!!!!!Somatosensory! 5 Language-&-brain- ! q ! Language! impairment! some<mes! occurs! aMer! brain!damage!outside!the!classical!language!areas! (Dronkers!et!al.!2000).!This!suggests!that!there!are! parts! of! the! brain! outside! the! classical! language! areas! that! are! involved! in! language! processing! (Démonet!et!al.!1992).! q !Although!there!are!obvious!links!of!Broca’s!area! with!speech!produc<on,!and!Wernicke’s!area!with! recep<on! and! percep<on,! grammar! clearly! does! not!live!in!one!of!these!regions!and!vocabulary!in! another!(McMahon!&!McMahon!2013).! ! 6 Impact-of-side/effects- These! sequelae!have!a!direct!impact!on!the! survivors’s!! !!academic!performance,!! ! !!!!emo<onal!state,!! ! !!social!interac<on,!! ! ! And-consequently-they-affect-children’s-quality-of- life-in-general.- 7 Communica+on-difficul+es- The!objec<ve!of!this!presenta<on!is!to!focus!on! the! communica+vedifficul+es- or- languagedysfunc+onsmost! commonly! observed! in! children! survivors! of! brain! tumours! treated! at! Virgen!del!Rocío!in!Seville!(Spain).! ! 8 Types-of-communica+vedifficul+es- Morphological! Lexical! Structural!or!syntac<c! Seman<c! VERBAL! ! ! NONVERBAL! ! ! Hand!&!body!gestures! Face!expressions! Eye!contact! BRAIN!FOG! 9 Examples-of-verbal-difficul+es- “Porros” instead of “puros”! “Que te has colao, calabao” instead of “Que te has colao, bacalao”! “Canguro” instead of “gorila”! “Libro de biografía” instead of “libro de biología”!“Marandina” instead of “mandarina”! “Caramelos sudokus” instead of “caramelos sugus”! “Austria” or “Australia” instead of “Asturias”! “Hubo” instead of “buho”! 16 Difficulty-with-ambiguity- Lexical! Structural! EL!POLLO!ESTÁ! LISTO!PARA! COMER! 17 Body-Communica+on- Body! communica<on! is! the! study! of! communica<on! that! occurs! through! body! movements,!posi<ons,!and!facial!expressions.! ! 18 Emblems:!! ! ! Illustrators:!! ! ! Regulators:! ! ! Adaptors:! ! !! Affect-Displays:!! ! Types-of-Gestures- 19 Emblems.! They! are! body! gestures! that! directly! translate! into! words! or! phrases.! They! are! used! consciously! and! purposely! to! communicate!the!same!meaning!as!the!words.!They!are!culture! specific.!! Illustrators.! They! complement! or! enhance! the! verbal! messages!! they! accompany.! Expressions! are! oMen! illustrated! with! hands,! head! and! body! movements.! They! increase! the! ability! to! remember.! Regulators.!They!control!the!flow!of!communica<on,!that!is!to!say! they!regulate!what!the!speaker!says.!! Adaptors.!They!are!gestures!that!sa<sfy!some!personal!needs!and! release!the!body!tension.! Affect-Displays.!They!communicate!emo<ons!or!feelings.!They!are! generally!unconscious.! ! Types-of-Gestures- 20 Gaze-&-Visual-Contact- .! !Func<ons!of!eye!contact!(Kendon!1967):! • Regula<ng!the!flow!of!communica<on.! • Monitoring!feedback.! • Reflec<ng!cogni<ve!ac<vity.! • Expressing!emo<ons.! • Communica<ng! the! nature! of! interpersonal! rela<onship! 21 Conclusion- • !Children’s!language!&!communica<on!are!proved! to!be!affected!aMer!cancer!treatment.! • ! Language! difficul<es! seem! to! be! an! important! cause!for!cogni<ve!impairment.! • !Iden<fying!the!main!communica<ve!deficits!will! help!us!to!develop!appropriate!recovery!strategies! and! training! programmes! for! school! and! social! integra<on!of!children!survivors.! 22 [email protected] http://www.personal.us.es/galvarez/