La sentimentalidad femenina en el teatro de la democracia
Full text
/DVHQWLPHQWDOLGDGIHPHQLQDHQHOWHDWURGHODGHPRFUDFLD )(51È1'(=9i]TXH]-RVp0DUtD (QWRUQRDODHVFULWXUDIHPHQLQDKDQVXUJLGRVLHPSUHXQDVHULHGHGHEDWHVVREUH ORV UDVJRV GLIHUHQFLDGRUHV GH OD PLVPD HQ HVSHFLDO VL H[LVWHXQD HVFULWXUDR SRVWXUD IRUPDO H[FOXVLYDGHODVDXWRUDV(VWHGHEDWHLQLFLDGRKDFHDxRVVHKDFRQYHUWLGR\DHQ XQ WySLFRGHODWHRUtDOLWHUDULD,JQDFLR6ROGHYLOODDILUPDTXH³HOSUREOHPDHQORTXHVH UHILHUH D OD LGHQWLILFDFLyQ WHPiWLFD HV HQFRQWUDU ORV WHPDV TXH SXHGDQ VHU GH XVR H[FOXVLYRGHODVPXMHUHVRODSRVWXUDLGHROyJLFDTXHIUHQWHDODSUREOHPiWLFDSODQWHDGD D WUDYpVGHHOORVSHUPLWDGLVWLQJXLUDKRPEUH\PXMHUHV´ (VFLHUWRTXHHQFXDOTXLHU FDVR OD GLVFULPLQDFLyQ IHPHQLQD HQ ODV KLVWRULDV GH OD OLWHUDWXUD KD VLGR SDWHQWH HO FDPSR GH OD SURGXFFLyQ OLWHUDULD HUD XQ FRWR YHGDGR SDUD ORV KRPEUHV $TXt VHUtD QHFHVDULR SUHFLVDU TXH OD PXMHU QR KD LGR FRSDQGR WRGRV ORV JpQHURV FRQ OD PLVPD IDFLOLGDG DVt KD\ TXH QRWDU TXH VX SUHVHQFLD HQ HVSHFLDO HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV HQ OD SRHVtD KD VLGR PHMRU DFHSWDGD FRPR OR GHPXHVWUD VX DSDULFLyQ HQ HO IRQGR GH OD HGLWRULDO +LSHULyQ \ VXV SUHPLRV TXH HQ XQ JpQHUR GHO TXH SRGUtDPRV GLVFXWLU VX OLWHUDWXUDOLGDG FRPR HV HO HQVD\R 1R QRV DWUHYHPRV D VXVFULELU UDGLFDOPHQWH OD DVHYHUDFLyQGH&ULVWLQD3HUL5RVVLVHJ~QODFXDO³ODOLWHUDWXUD\DQRRVWHQWDHOSRGHU &XDQGR D ORV KRPEUHV ODV FRVDV \D QR OHV LPSRUWDQ HV FXDQGR OOHJDPRV QRVRWURV D HOODV´ (QFXDOTXLHUFDVRHOLQWHUpVSRUODSURGXFFLyQIHPHQLQDQRVHSXHGHFHQWUDUHQ HVWRV ~OWLPRV DxRV D SHVDU GH UHFRQRFHU HO HVIXHU]R LQYHVWLJDGRU \ ELEOLRJUiILFR UHFLHQWH 3HUR VL KHPRV HPSH]DGR KDEODQGR GH OXJDUHV FRPXQHV HQ OD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ OLWHUDULDGHEHPRVYROYHUDFDHUHQORVWySLFRVGHODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpULFDHQHOWHDWUR 1R YDPRV D FRPHQWDU OD FRPSOHMLGDG WH[WXDO GH OD HVFULWXUD GUDPiWLFD 3XHGH VHUYLU FRPREDVHGHSDUWLGDTXHWRGRDFHUFDPLHQWRLQYHVWLJDGRUVHKDFHVREUHXQWH[WRHVFULWR TXHQRHVSHFWDFXODUDXQTXHODDVLVWHQFLDDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOHVSHFWiFXORDEUHRWUDV SHUVSHFWLYDV GH OD FRPSUHVLyQ JOREDO GH WH[WR 3DUD HYLWDU VXVSLFDFLDV DFHUFD GH OD DILUPDFLyQDQWHULRUFDEUtDGLIHUHQFLDUHQWUHODFUtWLFDGHOHVSHFWiFXOR\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ GUDPDW~UJLFD DXQTXH 3DWULFH 3DYLV SURSRQH XQ DQiOLVLV WHDWUDO PXFKR PiV DPSOLR 62/'(9,//$,JQDFLR+LVWRULDGHODQRYHODHVSDxROD9RO,0DGULG&iWHGUD SiJ (O3DtVGHQRYLHPEUHGHSiJ&LWDGDSRU6ROGHYLOODSiJ
GRQGHVHXWLOLFHQORVQXHYRVLQVWUXPHQWRVWHFQROyJLFRVGLVSRQLEOHVFRPRHOYtGHRHO RUGHQDGRURORVPXOWLPHGLD (O WHDWUR HV XQ JpQHUR OLWHUDULR TXH H[LJH OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ SDUD TXH HVWH VH SURGX]FD/RVDXWRUHVQRYHOHVVHTXHMDQFRQVWDQWHPHQWHGHODGLILFXOWDGSDUDHVWUHQDU DOJRTXHSDUHFHDXPHQWDGRHQHOFDVRGHODVGUDPDWXUJDV3DORPD3HGUHURVHODPHQWDGH HVWDGLILFXOWDGHQHOSUyORJRGH/RFDVGHDPDU MXQWRFRQXQDH[SOLFDFLyQGHOFDUiFWHU FRPHUFLDOGHVXSURSLDREUDDXQTXHKDVLGRXQDGHODVSRFDVDXWRUDVFRQWHPSRUiQHDV LQFOXLGDHQODFROHFFLyQGH&iWHGUD/HWUDV+LVSiQLFDV $QWHVGHFRQWLQXDUYDPRVDVHUYLUQRVGHODVSDODEUDVGH3DWULFLD:2&RQQRU SDUDFODULILFDUODHYROXFLyQGHODGUDPDWXUJLDIHPHQLQDHQHVWRVDxRV/DLQYHVWLJDGRUD DPHULFDQDHVWDEOHFHFXDWURHWDSDVHQHOGHYHQLUGHHVWHJpQHURHQORVFLQFXHQWD~OWLPRV DxRV 8QD OLPLWDFLyQ JHQHUDO GH ODV GUDPDWXUJDV DO PXQGR VXSXHVWDPHQWH IHPHQLQR YLUWXRVR\IHPHQLQRDxRVFXDUHQWD\FLQFXHQWD 8QVDOLUGHHVWHPXQGRGHLGHDOL]DFLyQIHPHQLQDSDUDHTXLOLEUDUORVUROHVPDVFXOLQRV \IHPHQLQRVDxRVVHVHQWD\VHWHQWD ,PLWDFLyQGHORVGUDPDWXUJRVPDVFXOLQRVHYLWDQGRWHPDVDVRFLDGRVFRQORVJXVWRV IHPHQLQRV\ODDGRSFLyQGHXQGLVFXUVRQHXWURSHURHQHVHQFLDPDVFXOLQRILQDOHV GHORVVHWHQWD\SULQFLSLRVGHORVRFKHQWD 8QQXHYRRUJXOORGHODLGHQWLGDGIHPHQLQDUHIOHMDGDVHQREUDVFHQWUDGDVHQODPXMHU GpFDGDGHORVRFKHQWDSHURTXHVHSRGUtDDPSOLDUKDVWDORVQRYHQWD 6HSRGUtDUHVXPLUTXHHOLQWHQWRGHODGUDPDWXUJLDIHPHQLQDSRUHQFRQWUDUXQD YR]SURSLDHQHOPXQGRWHDWUDOHVHYLGHQWH(OHVIXHU]RVHFHQWUDHQYHUTXpUDVJRVVRQ FODUDPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDGRUHVGHOOHQJXDMHGUDPiWLFRIHPHQLQR9DPRVDYHUDTXtFyPR ODVDXWRUDVUHIOHMDQVXSURSLDVHQWLPHQWDOLGDGHLQFOXVRVXVH[XDOLGDG\FRPRVRQVLJQRV GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GHO WH[WR GUDPiWLFR 6H SXHGH FRQVLGHUDU FRPR SXQWR GH SDUWLGD HO UHIOHMRGHODVH[XDOLGDGHQHOWHDWURTXHVLHPSUHHVXQDWDUHDFRPSOLFDGD1RHVSHUHPRV HQFRQWUDUXQDREUDGUDPiWLFDVH[SOtFLWDPHQWHVH[XDOHV(VFLHUWRTXHODVKD\FRPROD SDURGLD SRUQRJUiILFD \ GH SpVLPR JXVWR 'RQ -XDQ 1RWRULR ILUPDGD EDMR HO VHXGyQLPRGH$PEURVLR(VWDREUDTXHHQWHQGHPRVLUUHSUHVHQWDEOHSRUODHYLGHQFLDGH 3$9,63DWULFH³/RVQXHYRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHODQiOLVLVWHDWUDO´6HPLRVIHUDSiJV 3('5(523DORPD/RFDVGHDPDU0DGULG)XQGDFLyQDXWRU 2&21125 3DWULFLD : 'UDPDWXUJDV HVSDxRODV GH KR\ 8QD LQWURGXFFLyQ 0DGULG (VSLUDO)XQGDPHQWRVSiJ
VXV LPiJHQHV VH SXHGH HQFXDGUDU GHQWUR GH OD OLWHUDWXUD SRUQRJUiILFD TXH HV XQ VXEJpQHURH[LVWHQWHGHVGHHOVLJORSDVDGR\TXHGLROXJDUDVXFRQWUDUUHIRUPDSDUWLFXODU HQODOLWHUDWXUDIROOHWLQHVFD\URVD1RHQWUDPRVDYDORUDUDTXtODFRQFHSFLyQWHDWUDORQR GHORVHVSHFWiFXORVSRUQRJUiILFRVDFWXDOHV /D WHQGHQFLD GHO WHDWUR IHPHQLQR SRU UHJOD JHQHUDO WLHQH XQ FDUiFWHU UHLYLQGLFDWLYRTXHVLQHPEDUJRKDPHUPDGRDQXHVWURSDUHFHUODE~VTXHGDGHQXHYDV SHUVSHFWLYDV(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRODLJXDOGDGGHODPXMHUQRVHSXHGHHQWHQGHUFRPRDOJR DEVROXWDPHQWH QRYHGRVR 6LUYD FRPR HMHPSOLILFDFLyQ OD REUD $VLUVH D XQ FDEHOOR GH )UDQFLVFRGH&DPSURGyQTXLHQFRQVXFRQGLFLyQGHGUDPDWXUJREXUJXpVGHOVLJOR;,; \ SRU WDQWR GHIHQVRU GH OD LQVWLWXFLyQ PDWULPRQLDO SRQH HQ ERFD GH VX SHUVRQDMH IHPHQLQR(OYLUDORVVLJXLHQWHVYHUVRV³3RUTXHSDUDPtKD\ODYLGDGHJRFH\KROJXUD H[WUHPDSDUDWLQRKD\PiVGLOHPDTXHVHUPiUWLURSHUGLGD´ (VFLHUWRTXHODVHQWLPHQWDOLGDGHQHOWHDWURHVGLItFLOGHUHSUHVHQWDUVREUHWRGRVL QRVEDVDPRVHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODVH[XDOLGDG6LQHPEDUJRHQFRQWUDPRVRWURV GLVFXUVRVOLWHUDULRVGRQGHODPXMHUKDHQFRQWUDGRXQDYR]FODUDPHQWHGLVWLQWD (QSRHVtDH[LVWHQDXWRUDVTXHKDQUHFODPDGRXQHURWLVPRSDUWLFXODU$VtQRV HQFRQWUDPRVFRQODSRHVtDGH$QD5RVVHWWLTXHSRUHMHPSORHQVXVRQHWR³8QFDSXOOR VRPHWRGHUHSHQWH´FRQYLHUWHDODPXMHUHQSDUWHDFWLYDGHODFWRDPRURVR+DEUtDTXH SUHFLVDUDTXtHOMXHJROLWHUDULRDOHVWDEOHFHUODFRPSDUDFLyQFRQHOVRQHWRGH/RSHGH 9HJD SHUR TXH HVWi FRQWLQXDPHQWH SUHVHQWH HQ OLEURV VX\RV FRPR /RV GHYDQHRV GH (UDWR (VWD LQGHSHQGHQFLD VHQWLPHQWDO TXH LPSOLFD XQD SDUWH DFWLYD HQ HO HQFXHQWURDPRURVRWDPELpQORVSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUHQRWUDVDXWRUDVFRPR2OYLGR*DUFtD 9DOGpV$GD6DODVHQ8VWHG (Q OD QDUUDWLYD WDPELpQ HQFRQWUDPRV DXWRUDV TXH KDQ WUDWDGR HO WHPD GHO DSUHQGL]DMHVH[XDOFRPRRFXUUHFRQ$OPXGHQD*UDQGHV\VXREUD/DVHGDGHVGH/XO~R ODSURVDGH0DUtD-DpQHQWUHRWUDVDXWRUDV3HURODVQRYHOLVWDVIHPHQLQDVKDQORJUDGR XQDYR]PXFKRPiVSDUWLFXODUL]DGDGRQGHVXVKLVWRULDV\SHUVRQDMHVVRQYLVWRVGHVGHXQ SXQWRGHYLVWDIHPHQLQR\DFHSWDGRVFRPRWDOHV+DEODPRVGHXQDPSOLRDEDQLFRGHVGH &DUPHQ0DUWtQ*DLWHGRQGHGHVWDFDPRVVXQRYHOD1XERVLGDGYDULDEOHKDVWDDXWRUDV PiVUHFLHQWHVFRPR/XFLD(W[HEHUUtDR(VSLGR)UHLUH &$0352'Ï1)UDQFLVFR$VLUVHDXQFDEHOOR0DGULG,PSU-RVp5RGUtJXH]SiJ
(QHOWHDWURHVWDGLIHUHQFLDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDPXFKRPHQRVPDUFDGD(OJpQHUR GUDPiWLFR SRU VXV SURSLDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVWi PiV VRPHWLGR D HOHPHQWRV H[WHULRUHV 0LHQWUDVHOS~EOLFROHFWRUOLPLWDGRHQHOFDVRGHODSRHVtDRPD\RULWDULRHQHOFDVRGHOD QDUUDWLYDKDDFHSWDGRXQOHQJXDMHSURSLRHQODREUDIHPHQLQDQRRFXUUHLJXDOHQHO GUDPD6HSRGUtDDILUPDULQFOXVRTXHHOOHFWRUGHSRHVtDFRPSUHQGHHVSHUDHLQFOXVR H[LJHHQODHVFULWXUDGHSRHPDULRVIHPHQLQRVXQDDFWLWXGGHILQLGD8Q\RFODUDPHQWH IHPHQLQR GRQGH QR VyOR HO VHQWLPLHQWR R VX JUDGR Pi[LPR GH VH[XDOLGDG VLQR OD SRVWXUDDQWHHOPXQGRVHSUHVHQWHGHXQPRGRGLVWLQWR (Q OD HVFULWXUD GUDPiWLFD SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU GRV SRVWXUDV ELHQ GHOLPLWDGDV VLPSOLVWDVSRUPRPHQWRVSHURTXHVXSRQHQXQDFLHUWDFODULGDGHQXQFLDWLYD6HSXHGH HQFRQWUDUHQODVPXMHUHVGUDPDWXUJDVXQDHVFULWXUD³PDVFXOLQD´\RWUD³IHPHQLQD´/D HVFULWXUDPDVFXOLQDHVDTXHOODTXHKDVHJXLGRHOUHIHUHQWHPDVFXOLQRTXHGXUDQWHORV SULPHURVDxRVGHOIUDQTXLVPRRFXOWRUHSLWLyORVPROGHVDVLJQDGRVDODPXMHUSHURTXH HQ ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV VH SRGUtD HQFRQWUDU HQ OD HVFULWXUD GH $QD 'LRVGDGR R 0DUtD 0DQXHOD 5HLQD 1R DILUPDPRV TXH DPEDV GUDPDWXUJDV KD\DQ PHQRVSUHFLDGR OD SUHVHQFLDGHODPXMHUHQVXVREUDVSHURHVWDVJLUDQHQWRUQRDOKRPEUHHQHOFDVRGH 5HLQDVXVREUDVFRPR$OWDVHGXFFLyQSDUD$UWXUR)HUQiQGH]JDOiQ\SURWRWLSR GH OD HOHJDQFLD \ HO FDUiFWHU HVSDxRO QR VH QRV ILJXUDQ FRPR HMHPSOLILFDGRUDV GH UHLYLQGLFDFLRQHV IHPHQLQDV (Q HO FDVR GH 5HLQD H[LVWHXQD WHQGHQFLDOLWHUDULD FX\RV UHIHUHQWHVWH[WXDOHVWLHQHXQFDUiFWHUPXFKRPiVDPSOLR7DPELpQHVFLHUWRTXHDPEDV DXWRUDVVRQODVPiVUHSUHVHQWDGDV1RQRVDWUHYHPRVDDILUPDUTXHODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ WHDWUDOGHDXWRUDVHVWHVRPHWLGDDOp[LWRPHUFDQWLOGHODSURSLDREUDSHURQRSRGHPRV GHMDUGHUHFRQRFHUTXHHOWHDWURVyORWLHQHYLDELOLGDGFRPSOHWDVREUHXQDHVFHQDHQXQ OXJDUOODPDGRWHDWURDGRQGHDVLVWHXQS~EOLFRTXHSDJDXQDHQWUDGD<HVWHS~EOLFR VXHOHVHUKHWHURJpQHR\KHWHURVH[XDO\TXHHOKRPEUHVXHOHVHUPHQRVUHFHSWLYRDQWH DTXHOORTXHOHRIHQGH$OILQ\DOFDERHQODVSHOtFXODVSRUQRJUiILFDVVRQXVXDOHVODV HVFHQDV OpVELFDV SHUR QXQFD VRQ DFHSWDEOHV ODV HVFHQDV KRPRVH[XDOHV DXQTXH ORV UHFHSWRUHVGHODVPLVPDVSXHGDQVHUSDUHMDV ([LVWH RWUR JUXSR GH DXWRUDV TXH LQWHQWDQ UHIOHMDU HO PXQGR IHPHQLQR /D UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GHO PLVPR WLHQH VXV SURSLDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV H[LJLGDV SRU OD HVFULWXUD GUDPiWLFD(QHOWHDWURQRWLHQHFDELGDUHIOH[LRQHVGHODDXWRUDTXHSHUPLWDQPDWL]DUODV LGHDV H[SUHVDGDV VRQ ORV SHUVRQDMHV ORV TXH SRU PHGLR GH VXV SDODEUDV WLHQHQ TXH H[WHULRUL]DU VXV VHQWLPLHQWRV (VWR VXSRQGUtD DILUPDU OD H[LVWHQFLD GH XQ OHQJXDMH
IHPHQLQRDOJRTXHORVHVWXGLRVGHVRFLROLQJtVWLFDSDUHFHQDILUPDU3HURHOWHDWURQR GHMDGHVHUXQDREUDDUWtVWLFD\SRUWDQWRVXMHWDDVXVSURSLRVFyGLJRV (VWH OHQJXDMH IHPHQLQR YD OLJDGR D ORV DVXQWRV TXH OD GUDPDWXUJLD IHPHQLQD UHSUHVHQWDHQODHVFHQD(VWRVHVWiQXQLGRVDFLHUWRVWHPDVTXHSDUHFHQDEVROXWDPHQWH IHPHQLQRV OD PDWHUQLGDG VDWLVIHFKD R QR HO DGXOWHULR OD YLROHQFLD VH[XDO HO DPRU KRPRVH[XDO(QODVDXWRUDVPiVFRPSURPHWLGDVFRQHOSXQWRGHYLVWDIHPHQLQRSDUHFH TXHH[LVWHQYDULRVSXQWRVHQFRP~QFRPRHVODYLROHQFLDHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ\HQHO OHQJXDMH 1R QRV DWUHYHPRV D DILUPDU TXH EXVFDQ HVFDQGDOL]DU D VX S~EOLFR HVSHFLDOPHQWHHOPDVFXOLQRSHURVtSDUHFHREYLRTXHKDQKHFKRVX\RXQFyGLJRTXH SDUHFtDHQSULQFLSLRSULYDWLYRGHOKRPEUH 8QD SULPHUD REUD GRQGH VH UHIOHMD HVWD YLROHQFLD SXHGH VHU OD REUD GH /LGLD )DOFyQ 1R PROHVWH FDOOH \ SDJXH VHxRUD GRQGH OD DXWRUD GHVGH XQ SXQWR GH YLVWD DEVROXWDPHQWH IHPLQLVWD QR VH SXHGH ROYLGDU OD YLQFXODFLyQ SROtWLFD GH OD DXWRUD PXHVWUDDXQKRPEUHYLROHQWRTXHKXPLOODDODPXMHUODFXDOQRHVFRPSUHQGLGDHQXQ PXQGRGRPLQDGRSRUHOKRPEUH\VyORWLHQHODVROXFLyQGHODHVFDSDWRULD /DGUDPDWXUJDTXHKDH[SORWDGRODYLROHQFLDFRPRWHPiWLFDGHVXREUDGHIRUPD IXQGDPHQWDOHVVLQGXGD0DULVD$UHV(VWDDXWRUDHQFXDGUDGDGHQWURGHODWHQGHQFLD WHDWUDO ³5HWDJXDUGLD´ QR FRQFHGH FRQFHVLRQHV GH QLQJ~Q WLSR /D UDGLFDOLGDG GH VX WHDWURVHPXHVWUDWDQWRHQVXHVFHQLILFDFLyQHQVXOHQJXDMHHQVXWHPiWLFD\HQVXV SHUVRQDMHV6XHVFULWXUDQRVHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUHQQLQJ~QPRPHQWRIHPLQLVWDSRUTXHHO WUDWDPLHQWRGHODPXMHUWDPSRFRWLHQHQLQJ~QDIHFWRSRUSDUWHGHODDXWRUD(QVXVREUDV PiVUDGLFDOHVHOSHUVRQDMHFHQWUDOHV0RUGHFDw6ODXJKWHUPH]FODGHKpURH\GHJiQJVWHU GHFLQHQHJUR$UHVUHDOL]DXQDH[DOWDFLyQGHODYLROHQFLD\HOVH[RODFUXHOGDGWDQWRHQ KRPEUHV\HQPXMHUHVHVWiSUHVHQWHHQVXVREUDV (Q1HJURVHFR ODGHILQLFLyQVH[XDOGHORVSHUVRQDMHVHVWiHQPDVFDUDGDFRPR HVSRURWURODGRKDELWXDOHQVXWHDWURGRQGHORVSHUVRQDMHVQRWLHQHQQRPEUH\SRUWDQWR GHILQLFLyQ(QHVWDREUDXQDGROHVFHQWHYDUyQGHUDVJRVDIHPLQDGRVHVYLRODGRSRUXQ SHUVRQDMHIHPHQLQRXQRGHORVDVHVLQRV³&RQXQDVJRPDVVHVXMHWDDODFLQWXUDHOSHQH GHSOiVWLFRTXHOHGDQVXVFRPSDxHURV&RQHOSHQHSXHVWRVHDSUR[LPDDOMRYHQ6H WXPED VREUH VX HVSDOGD \ OD YLRODFLyQ VH OOHYD D HIHFWR HQ PHGLR GH JUDQGHV PRUGLVFRV´ 6LKDEOiVHPRVGHXQDSRVWXUDIHPLQLVWDWDOYH]HVWDUtDPRVDQWHODUXSWXUD $5(60DULVD5RWRV LQWHQFLRQDGRV 1HJUR VHFR 0DGULG &HQWUR 1DFLRQDO GH 1XHYDV 7HQGHQFLDV (VFpQLFDVVI ,ELGHPSiJ
GHOOHQJXDMH\ODHVFHQLILFDFLyQPDVFXOLQDSRUSDUWHGHXQDDXWRUD6LQHPEDUJRHQHO FDVRGH$UHVFXDOTXLHUDSUR[LPDFLyQDVXREUDH[LJHODUXSWXUDFRQFXDOTXLHUFyGLJR LQFOXVRHOIHPLQLVWD /DDXWRUDDFWXDOFRQXQDPD\RUSUR\HFFLyQHVVLQGXGD3DORPD3HGUHUR$GHPiV HVWDDXWRUDQRHVFRQGHHQVXHVFULWXUDODE~VTXHGDGHXQFRPSURPLVRIHPHQLQR3HUR FRPR HQ RWUDV DXWRUDV OD UHODFLyQ GH SDUHMD QR VH HVWDEOHFH GHQWUR GHO HVWDWXV HVWDEOHFLGR (Q HVWH VHQWLGR OD HVFULWXUD GH 3HGUHUR QR EXVFD OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GH OD SDUHMD1RVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQREUDVFRPR/RFDVGHDPDUGRQGHHOSHUVRQDMHIHPHQLQR GHVSXpVGHXQPDWULPRQLRIUXVWUDGRDFDEDDEDQGRQDQGRDVXPDULGRXQDSRVWXUDTXH\D HVWDED FRQVROLGDGD HQ HO WHDWUR GHVGH KDFH PXFKR WLHPSR (Q RWUR JUXSR GH REUDV 1RFKHVGHDPRUHItPHURHODPRUHVHOHMHSULQFLSDOSHURVLHPSUHGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWD GHO HQFXHQWUR FDVXDO \ FDVL LPSRVLEOH HQWUH HO FOLHQWH \ OD SURVWLWXWD OD GDPD \ HO WUDEDMDGRUHOYHQGHGRU\ODGXHxDGHODFDVDHOPpGLFR\ODSDFLHQWH (OWHDWURIHPHQLQRKDDFHUWDGRDOSODQWHDUXQDWHPiWLFDGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWD H[FOXVLYR $Vt HQFRQWUDPRV HO WHPD GH OD PDWHUQLGDG FRPR SUREOHPD HQ OD REUD 6LPELRVLV GH 1HXV %UXQ HO DPRU OpVELFR HQ OD REUD GH3DORPD 3HGUHUR(O FRORUGH DJRVWRTXHUHFXUUHDXQOHQJXDMHH[SOtFLWDPHQWHYLROHQWR³/RVKRPEUHVSXHGHQGHVHDU EUXWDOPHQWH\QRKDEHUQDGDPiV1DGD1LXQDJRWDGHVDQJUHQLXQOiJULPD6yOR VHPHQ VHPHQ´ R OD REUD GH %HDWUL] &DEXU -XHJR GH ViEDQDV ODV PXMHUHV DEDQGRQDGDV\HQJDxDGDVHQODVREUDVGH-XOLD*DUFtD9HUGXJR(OHVSHMRRGH&RQFKD 5RPHUR$OOipO (VFLHUWRTXHPXFKDVGHHVWDVREUDVQRKDQVLGRHVWUHQDGDV\TXHSDUHFHTXHOD HVFODYLWXG GHO HVWUHQR H[LJH OD UHQXQFLD GH SURIXQGDV FRQYLFFLRQHV 6LQ HPEDUJR H[LVWHQ DXWRUDV TXH KDQ VDELGR FRPSDJLQDU HO p[LWR WHDWUDO FRQ XQD FUtWLFD R YLVLyQ VDWtULFDGHODVUHODFLRQHVGHSDUHMDFRPRRFXUUHFRQODREUDGH(OYLUD/LQGR/DOH\GHOD VHOYDGLYHUWLGDSLH]DGHHQFXHQWURV\GHVHQFXHQWURVRODVREUD£$\KRPEUHVHVFULWD HQFRODERUDFLyQSRUOD&RPSD\LD7GH7HDWUH\6HUJL%HOEHOGRQGHQRVHQFRQWUDPRV XQRGHORVWH[WRVGHPiVp[LWRUHFLHQWHQRVyORSRUVXWHPiWLFDFRQYHUVDFLyQVDWtULFD VREUHORVKRPEUHV\VXVWLSRVVLQRWDPELpQSRUODHODERUDFLyQGUDPiWLFD $PRGRGHUHVXPHQSRGUtDPRVFRQFOXLUTXHHOWHDWURIHPHQLQRHVWiGHPDVLDGR VXMHWR D OD WHPiWLFD GH SDUHMD GRQGH OD UHODFLyQ VH SODQWHD GHVGH XQ SXQWR GHYLVWD RSWLPLVWD SHUR VXMHWR D TXH ORV KRPEUHV UHFLEDQ XQ VXSXHVWR PHUHFLGR SRU VX 3('5(523DORPD-XHJRGHQRFKHV0DGULG&iWHGUDSiJ
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRRODVDWLVIDFFLyQSRUVHQWLUTXHVHSXHGHYLYLUVRODFRPRHVHOFDVRGHOD REUDGH&RQFKD5RPHUR¢7HQJRUD]yQRQR"GRQGHHOSHUVRQDMHGH&DUORVDSDUHFHHQ ODV SDODEUDV ILQDOHV FRPR ³XQ WRGRWHUUHQR XQ 'RQ -XDQ XQ 5RGROIR 9DOHQWLQR XQ PDFKRLEHUtFR´ TXHVHGHVSORPD6LQHPEDUJRQRKHPRVHQFRQWUDGRGRQGHODUHODFLyQ GH SDUHMD VH HVWDEOH]FD HQ UHODFLyQ GH LJXDOGDG GRQGH OD PXMHU SXHGD H[SUHVDU ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV GHVGH XQ SXQWR GH YLVWD JUDWLILFDQWH WULXQIDQWH SHUR VLQ KXPLOODFLRQHV GRQGHHOKRPEUHDSDUH]FDFRPRFRPSOHPHQWRDXQTXHHVWRHVFLHUWRTXHVHSURGXFH PXFKRPiVHQHOOHQJXDMHSRpWLFRTXHLQFOXVRHOQDUUDWLYR 520(52 &RQFKD ³¢7HQJR UD]yQ R QR"´ 0XMHUHV VREUH PXMHUHV 7HDWUR EUHYH HVSDxRO 3DWULFLD:2&RQQRUHG0DGULG(VSLUDO7HDWURSiJ