Preventive conservation of monuments based on DELPHI method and fuzzy logic
Abstract
Preventive conservation requires identification, evaluation, and prioritization of the maintenance and restoration of cultural heritage under different hazards. The degradation of monuments is due to the effects caused by different agents (earthquakes, floods, weathering, pollution agents, anthropogenic fac-tors) that produce total or partial losses of architectonic elements or their altera-tions. The conservation degree of each monument depends on the vulnera bility, and its index is an indirect function of the level of deterioration, whereas the hazards depend on the localization and its environment conditions, social de-velopment and anthropogenic agents. RIVUPH and Art-Risk are Spanish pro-jects based on the analysis of environmental risk in historical cities and models to assess vulnerability and lives of buildings in order to improve the preventive conservation of monuments with similar characteristics. For this purpose, two different approaches have been evaluated: DELPHI method and Fuzzy Logic, where both tools are based on the opinion of experts in the field. The vulnerability analysis of three churches of Seville (Spain) have been studied to assess the monuments’ conservation degree. Both models (DELPHI and Fuzzy Logic) are able to forecast the necessities of restoration overlapping different scenarios
Full text
RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF CITIESCITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIESCITIESCITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES CITIES IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS Flavio Dobran
RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF CITIES IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS Flavio Dobran Editor RESILIENZA E SOSTENIBILIT` A DELLE CITT` A IN AMBIENTI PERICOLOSI
c 2019 Editor GVES Napoli – New York Internet: www.gvess.org ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3
Resilience and Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments GVES, Napoli – New York, ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3 Contents/Contenuti Preface ...................................................................ix Prefazione ..............................................................xix Conference Opening and Closing ....................................xxix Apertura e chiusura del convegno THEME: Hazards and Vulnerabilities of Cities in Hazardous Environments .................................................1 Pericoli e vulnerabilit`a delle citt`a in ambienti pericolosi Cities in Hazardous Environments, Risk Assessment, Resilience, and Sustainability: F. Dobran (Keynote) . . ..................................3 Citt`a in ambienti pericolosi, valutazione del rischio, resilienza e sostenibilit`a Knowing the Past to Project the Future: A. Imperatrice ...................38 Conoscere il passato per progettare il futuro Human Resilience in the Neapolitan Volcanic Area: C. Scarpati (Keynote) . 47 Resilienza umana nell’area vulcanica napoletana NDSHA – Reliable Paradigm for Seismic Hazard Assessment: G.F. Panza (Keynote) .....................................................52 NDSHA – Paradigma affidabile per la valutazione del pericolo sismico Time Dependent Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Scenarios: Recent Achievements in Italy: A. Peresan, V. Kossobokov, M. Crespi .......57 Scenari a rischio sismico neo-deterministico dipendente dal tempo: risultati recenti ottenuti in Italia Seismic Hazard Assessment of Apennine Tectonic Events at Naples: C. Nunziata, M.R. Costanzo ...............................................64 Valutazione del pericolo sismico degli eventi tettonici appenninici a Napoli Seismic Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation at Ischia Island (Naples, Southern Italy): A Paradigm for Seismic Risk Management in Italy: G. De Natale, G.F. Panza, S. Petrazzuoli, F. Romanelli ....................72 Valutazione del pericolo sismico e mitigazione del rischio nell’isola di Ischia (Napoli, Sud Italia): un paradigma per la gestione del rischio sismico in Italia Global Volcanic Simulator: Assessment of Multiple Hazards of Cities on Volcanoes: F. Dobran ...................................................85 Simulatore Vulcanico Globale: valutazione di molteplici pericoli delle citt`a sui vulcani Robustness and Progressive Collapse of New and Existing City Structures: A. Formisano (Keynote) ......................................106 Robustezza e crollo progressivo delle strutture urbane nuove ed esistenti iii
Resilience and Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments GVES, Napoli – New York, ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3 Parametric Estimation of Seismic Impact Scenarios and Expected Losses at Urban Scale: Case Study of Historical Center of Sant’Antimo in Napoli (Italy): N. Chieffo, A. Formisano, T.M. Ferreira .................120 Stima parametrica degli scenari di impatto sismico e perdite attese a scala urbana: caso di studio del centro storico di Sant’Antimo a Napoli (Italia) Knowledge Levels Influence on the Retrofitting Cost Assessment of a School Building: A. Miano, G. Chiumiento, A. Formisano, A. Prota .......125 Influenza dei livelli di conoscenza sulla valutazione dei costi di riqualificazione di un edificio scolastico Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study on the Environmental Comparison Between Steel and Glued Laminated Timber Structures: G. Chiumiento, A. Formisano .............................................................131 Valutazione del ciclo di vita: un caso di studio sul confronto ambientale tra acciaio e strutture in legno lamellare incollato Modal Parameters Identification on Environmental Tests of Ancient Bell Towers and Model Validation: F. Clementi, S. Lenci, E. Ribilotta, E. Giordano ..............................................................137 Identificazione dei parametri modali su test ambientali di campane antiche e convalida dei modelli New Simplified Method for Seismic Behaviour Evaluation of Structural Units in Masonry Aggregates: G. Chiumiento, A. Formisano, E. Grande, A. Pelliccio ...............................................................145 Nuovo metodo semplificato per la valutazione del comportamento sismico delle unit`a strutturali negli aggregati della muratura Innovative Techniques for Masonry Ancient Buildings Conservation: M. Laterza, M. D’Amato, V. M. Casamassima, M. Signorelli ..............152 Tecniche innovative per la conservazione degli edifici antichi in muratura Seismic Retrofitting of an Existing RC School Building: BIM Modelling and Life Cycle Assessment: A. Formisano, G. Chiumiento. ................157 Retrofitting sismico su un edificio scolastico esistente RC: modellizzazione BIM e valutazione del ciclo di vita Comparative Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Methods for Building Aggregates in Old Towns: N. Chieffo, A. Formisano . . ............164 Vulnerabilit`a sismica comparativa e metodi di valutazione del rischio per gliaggregatidiedificineicentristorici Life Cycle Assessment for Vertical Addition Interventions of Existing Masonry Buildings: G. Chiumiento, G. Di Lorenzo, A. Formisano .........170 Valutazione del ciclo di vita per interventi di aggiunta verticale di edifici in muratura esistenti Preventive Conservation of Monuments Based on DELPHI Method and Fuzzy Logic: R. Ortiz, M.A. Garrido-Vizuete, A.J. Prieto . . . ..............177 Conservazione dei monumenti basata sul metodo DELPHI e Fuzzy Logic iv
Resilience and Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments GVES, Napoli – New York, ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3 Vulnerability, Digital Image Analysis and 3D-Documentation Applied to the Study of Building Resilience: R. Ortiz, P. Ortiz, J. Benitez ............181 Vulnerabilit`a, analisi delle immagini digitali e documentazione 3D applicate allo studio della resilienza degli edifici Diagnosis and Monitoring for the Evaluation and Reduction of Seismic Risk of the Historical Heritage of Sassi of Matera: M Laterza, M. D’Amato, V.M. Casamassima, M. Signorelli ...........................186 Diagnosi e monitoraggio per la valutazione e riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio storico in muratura dei Sassi di Matera NDSHA Scenario-Based Seismic Hazard Assessment: F. Romanelli . .......191 NDSHA Valutazione del pericolo sismico basato sugli scenari NDSHA Computational Aspects of the Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment: F. Vaccari, A. Magrin ................................202 NDSHA Aspetti computazionali della valutazione del rischio sismico neo-deterministico THEME: Education/Educazione .....................................213 Vesuvius between history, art, science, and management of public affairs: G. Paolella (Keynote) ....................................................215 Il Vesuvio tra storia, arte, scienza e gestione della cosa pubblica Vesuvius Risk Education Involving Clarity, Common Sense, and Perseverance: G. Gambardella ............................................220 Educazione rischio-Vesuvio tra chiarezza, buon senso e perseveranza Teaching Volcanic Risk in Castellammare di Stabia and Gragnano: I. Mascolo ................................................................231 Insegnamento del rischio vulcanico a Castellammare di Stabia e Gragnano Activities of Education and Information of the Populations Exposed to Volcanic Risk: L. Altavilla . . . .............................................239 Attivit`a di educazione ed informazione delle popolazioni esposte al rischio vulcanico Environmental Ethics: Education for Responsibility and Awareness: M. Salvatore ..............................................................251 Etica ambientale: educazione alla responsabilit`aedallaconsapevolezza National Indications and New Scenarios: Active Citizenship and Sustainability in the School Curriculum: F. Nocera .......................259 Indicazioni nazionali e nuovi scenari: cittadinanza attiva e sostenibilit`a nel Curricolo di Scuola Promoting Knowledge and Risk Education in the Neapolitan Area: F. Dobran, A. Imperatrice ................................................264 Promozione della conoscenza e della educazione del rischio nell’area napoletana v
Resilience and Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments GVES, Napoli – New York, ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3 THEME: Pathways and Resilience to Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments ...............................275 Percorsi e resilienza alla sostenibilit`a delle citt`a in ambienti pericolosi Sustainable and Disaster Resilient Urban Development, India: A Comparative Study of 10 Cities to Draw Lesson for South Asia: R. Magotra (Keynote) , J.K. Parikh, M. Shaw, A. Kaushik ................277 Sviluppo urbano sostenibile e resiliente ai disastri, India: uno studio comparativo su 10 citt`a per trarre lezioni in Asia meridionale Making Cities Transitions Work: Searching Solutions to Urban Challenges Through Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services in Campinas (SP, Brazil): A. Young ....................................................310 Realizzare la transizione delle citt`a: alla ricerca di soluzioni per le sfide urbane attraverso infrastrutture verdi e servizi ecosistemici a Campinas (SP, Brasile) Damage Assessment of Different Ancient Masonry Churches by the Smeared Crack Approach and the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics Method: S. Lenci (Keynote), F. Clementi, E. Giordano, A. Ferrante .......317 Valutazione del danno di diverse chiese in muratura antiche mediante l’approccio del crack spalmato e il metodo di dinamica del contatto non liscio A New Tool Based on Artificial Intelligence and GIS for Preventive Conservation of Heritage Buildings: D. Cagigas-Mu˜niz, J.M. Martin, A.J. Prieto, A. Romero, R. Ortiz .........................................326 Un nuovo strumento basato sull’Intelligenza artificiale e GIS per la conservazione preventiva del patrimonio Assessment of Vulnerability Index Applied to Churches of 18th Century in the Historic Center of Popayan (Colombia): I. Turbay, R. Ortiz, P. Ortiz . . 332 Valutazione dell’indice di vulnerabilit`a applicato alle chiese del XVIII secolo nel centro storico di Popayan (Colombia) Robotics and Virtual Reality Gaming for Cultural Heritage Preservation: L. Alboul, M. Beer, L. Nisiotis ............................................335 Robotica e giochi di realt`a virtuale per la conservazione dei beni culturali Urban Planning for Disaster Risk Reduction from Climate Change: A. Young (Keynote) ......................................................346 Pianificazione urbana per la riduzione del rischio da cambiamento climatico From Disasters to Comprehensive Resilience in Government Policies: A. Attolico (Keynote) ....................................................354 Dai disastri alla resilienza completa nelle politiche del governo Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei Evacuation Plans: Implications for Resilience and Sustainability of Neapolitans: F. Dobran . . .................368 Vesuvio e Campi Flegrei Piani di evacuazione: implicazioni per la resilienza e la sostenibilit`a dei napoletani: F. Dobran .....................377 vi
Resilience and Sustainability of Cities in Hazardous Environments GVES, Napoli – New York, ISBN 978-88-903183-1-3 Spatial Planning, Community Resilience, and Natural Hazards: A Methodological Proposal for Areas at Volcanic Risk of Naples Metropolitan City: A. D’Auria, B. Sciannimanica ............................................386 Pianificazione spaziale, resilienza della comunit`a e pericoli naturali: una proposta metodologica per aree a rischio vulcanico della Citt`a Metropolitana di Napoli VESUVIUS-CAMPIFLEGREI PENTALOGUE: Resilience and Sustainability Framework for Neapolitan Area: F. Dobran . . . ..............397 VESUVIUS-CAMPIFLEGREI PENTALOGUE: quadro di resilienza e sostenibilit`a per l’area napoletana: F. Dobran .............................408 THEME: Excursion to Neapolitan Habitats and Volcanoes .......419 Escursione agli habitat e vulcani napoletani Belvedere at Lake of Averno and Panoramic View of Flegrean Caldera Volcanoes: Field leader C. Scarpati Belvedere lago di Averno e visione panoramica dei vulcani della caldera flegrea Coroglio (Yellow Tuff Neapolitan Caldera, Volcanoes of Trentaremi and Nisida): Field leader C. Scarpati Coroglio (Caldera del Tufo Giallo Napoletano, Vulcani di Trentaremi e Nisida) Archeological Park of Pompeii: Field Leader C. Scarpati Parco Archeologico di Pompei Conference Banquet and Neapolitan Entertainment Banchetto del convegno e intrattenimento napoletano Neapolitan Habitats and Volcanoes: F. Dobran, C. Scarpati ...............423 Habitat e vulcani napoletani THEME: Risks of Cities Perceived by Schools .....................435 Rischi delle citt`a percepiti dalle scuole Gragnano: Perception of Volcanic Risk by Citizens. School Referent: I. Mascolo ...............................................437 Gragnano: Percezione del rischio vulcanicio da parte dei cittadini Ercolano: Pop-up Book of the City at Risk. School Referent: G. Gambardella .........................................439 Ercolano: Pop-up book della citt`a a rischio Gragnano: Vesuvio my friend. School Referent: L. Piovoso ...............................................441 Gragnano: Vesuvio amico mio Naples: Risk Education and Information of Populations Exposed to Volcanic Risk. School Referent: L. Altavilla .. ......................................442 Napoli: attivit`a di educazione ed informazione delle popolazioni esposte al rischio vulcanico vii