Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale de Massarelos (Porto)

Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale de Massarelos (Porto) Pettinati Laís 1* , Teresa Cunha Ferreira , 2 MarquesTeresa 3 , AzevedoNatalia 4, and Rey Pérez Julia 5 1 Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto (FAUP), Portugal. 2 Faculty of Architecture of the University of Porto (FAUP), Portugal. 3 Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Portugal. 4Faculty of Arts of the University of Porto (FLUP), Portugal 5University of Seville, Spain. [email protected] Abstract. Participatory approaches and transdisciplinary co-creation strategies are among the best practices for integrated and inclusive contemporary urban management. This article focuses on cultural heritage mapping through the participation of stakeholders and provides i) critical analysis of two case studies: "HUL Ballarat"(Australia) and "PUH_C Cuenca" (Ecuador); and ii) mapping of the cultural heritage in a pilot urban area in the city of Porto (Portugal) - Vale de Massarelos, supported by participatory experiments. A deeper insight into the implementation of different participation strategies for the urban management of Vale de Massarelos is presented, with the aim of assessing stakeholders' perception of the territory's cultural significance, at the various stages of planning and implementation. Keywords: Historic Urban Landscape, participation, cultural values. 1 Introduction © The Author(s) 2024 G. Canto Moniz et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Nature for an Inclusive and Innovative Urban Regeneration (NATiURB 2022), Atlantis Highlights in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities 24, https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-469-3_18 The Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape - HUL [1] defines it as "an urban area arising from the historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, which includes the broader urban context and its geographical setting", it recognises the dynamic character of urban spaces, functional, cultural and social diversity, and proposes the conservation of urban heritage in equilibrium with social and economic development. It advocates balancing the built and natural environment and the needs of different generations sustainably [1]. The involvement of populations in the whole process of inventorying, understanding its significance, and managing a HUL is essential [1], since heritage only exists to support the identity of a community [2] and, to sustain and transmit heritage values, it is crucial to include it in heritage management [3]. This study advocates participation as a central component [4] to be carried out in an effective regime of co-creation throughout the process [3]. Since the higher the level of participation, the more empowered the public becomes [5], it helps identify hidden or unnoticed values [6;7] and creates a more inclusive and genuine consensus in the decision-making process [3;8]. Thus, cultural mapping is used as a tool applied to the area being studied, and is defined as "a process of collecting, recording, analysing and synthesising information to describe the cultural resources, networks, links and usage patterns of a given community" [9]. The mapping of cultural heritage [10] is proposed in a broader sense and with the involvement of populations to identify attributes, related to tangible and intangible components, important for the conservation of values in the urban context [10]. 2 Methodology The methodology of the article results from the bibliographic review of international cases ("HUL Ballarat" and "PUH_C Cuenca") and the approach applied to an area in the city of Porto with the application of participatory techniques, namely by providing: i) Critical analysis of two reference case studies in "HUL Ballarat" (Australia) and "PUH_C" Cuenca (Ecuador), selected for their innovative and integrated approach in mapping and assessing the cultural significance of urban areas, and both representing pilot cities in the implementation of the HUL Recommendation [1]. ii) Mapping the cultural heritage in a pilot urban area in the city of Porto (Portugal) - Vale de Massarelos (see figure 1), supported by a methodology based on selected participatory techniques - interviews, surveys, blackboard project, collaborative mural, perception map - intended to assess stakeholders' perceptions of the cultural significance of this area, for the different stages of planning, implementation and management of a HUL, namely a) characterisation (attributes and values), b) diagnosis (risks and problems) and c) proposal (tangible and intangible actions). Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale 217 Fig. 1. Study area – Vale de Massarelos 3 International References - HUL Ballarat and PUH_C Cuenca The "HUL Ballarat" was an agreement between the city of Ballarat and WHITRAPShanghai in 2013 [11], and was centred on the conservation of local heritage through proactive approaches focused on the active involvement of different stakeholder groups [11]. The project "Revalorización del Patrimonio Cultural y Natural de la ciudad de Cuenca a partir de estratégias de desarrollo sostenible apoyadas en la Recomendación sobre el Paisaje Urbano Histórico - PUH_C" had as its main focus citizen participation supported by a broad concept of heritage and interdisciplinary research [12]. The initiative came from the School of Architecture of the University of Cuenca and came on top of an Agreement between WHITRAP the Municipality and the University of Cuenca in 2015 [13]. 3.1 Ballarat For the development of the proposed Heritage Plan from 2017 to 2030 [14], heritage, social, and economic objectives, and aspects of city management not typically associated with heritage were aligned [15]. Table 1 is a summary of the participatory techniques of the project with the periods when they were applied, between 2013 and 2017. "Imagine Ballarat" [16] stood out, in which, from three simple questions, it was possible to learn 'what they believe to be of value', 'what they want to keep' and 'what they propose for the future'. The responses were grouped into macro-categories [16] and were used as the basis for discussions in subsequent participatory activities (Table 1) and as a guide for the work of the Council in the coming years [14;15;18]. City of Porto 218 P. Laís et al. Table 1. Techniques applied in HUL Ballarat Date Name of the activity Technique applied Participants Objective 2013 to 2015 Accessing our regional heritage Workshop Representatives of historic community associations Identify needs and gather ideas about Ballarat's cultural heritage. Individual interviews Representatives of cultural heritage organisations and researchers Discussion of: role, purpose and vision; Specific functions within cultural heritage; Needs. Survey 47 individuals with research affiliations Understanding the needs and assessing the adequacy of current levels of access to Ballarat's historic collections. Ballarat Imagine 3 questions The entire population of Ballarat (more than 6,000 responses) Identifying through questions: What do you LOVE about Ballarat? (values and attributes) What do you IMAGINE for Ballarat? (the future scenario) What do you want to RETAIN in Ballarat? (the limits of acceptable changes). 2015 -2016 International symposium 1 “Unesco's recommendation on the HUL” Symposium Representatives from Universities, Heritage Specialists, Local Government, Community Representatives, etc. Discuss HUL and initial findings of Context study (2013) and Ballarat Imagine (Ballarat Strategy). International symposium 2 “Participate, imagine, innovate: Revitalizing historic cities – Unesco's recommendation on the HUL” Symposium Day 1: expert and practitioner workshops Day 2: community participatory Workshops Develop proposals arising from the community and HUL's strategic principles Discussion between community, experts and professionals on the future of Ballarat, and changes in their local areas. Ballarat interpretation framework Workshop cultural heritage professionals, tourism industry and community members Reply to the question: 'What does it take for interpretation in Ballarat to flourish?' Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale 219 Source: Synthesis prepared by the author Laís Pettinati, based on City of Ballarat (2017b) The information and knowledge gained enabled new understandings of and possibilities for Ballarat's heritage. As a result, existing policies were revised and others implemented; heritage conservation practice was transformed through the participatory approach which generated several projects and case studies; local area plans were developed, and online engagement and participatory planning tools were created [14]. 3.2 Cuenca The "PUH_C" was outlined through three main axes: 1) an expanded vision of heritage; 2) interdisciplinary research; and 3) importance of the role of the citizen. It had the following objectives: to assess the state of conservation of the city's heritage; to define cultural values; to identify different impacts affecting heritage values; to prepare a series of recommendations, based on heritage values, for the city's intervention and growth strategies [7]. 20162017 Smart cities: building a Vision for the future Workshop Representatives from academia, culture, industry, communities, businesses, investors, the city's heritage sector, etc. Collaborative strategy to capture ideas, shape directions for a Smart City, for the future progression of HUL processes and tools and Visualizing Ballarat. Collaborating with council's Advisory committees Series of workshops Ballarat Heritage Advisory Committee, Disability Advisory Committee and Koorie Engagement Advisory Group. Consolidate feedback from participatory planning to date, deliveries of draft and final versions of the heritage plan. City of Ballarat and stakeholder Project development Over 100 internal project development meetings Individuals and teams from Ballarat city departments, local cultural heritage representatives and tourism organisations. Test ideas, establish support and other project requirements; Identify opportunities for integration with existing or proposed work. 220 P. Laís et al. The methodology consists of 3 phases: Phase I) Diagnosis and state of the art; Phase II) Identification of cultural attributes and values; Phase III) Definition of a series of recommendations for the city’s intervention and growth strategies [19]. Table 2 demonstrates the participatory techniques applied at all stages of PUH_C. The participatory methodology applied was Sociopraxis, with active listening, feedback, reflection and joint action [19;20]. One highlight was the workshops held with the citizens, which used a simple and direct language that was easily assimilated by the participants. The responses from activities 1 and 2 were grouped into large groups of categories by affinity [12]. Table 2. Techniques applied PUH_C Phas e Date Name of the activity Technique applied Participants Objective Phase I 2014 HUL approach for “World Heritage City Preservation Management” Workshop Specialists and stakeholders 1) Identify the most representative elements of Cuenca's landscape; 2) Identify anomalies in the city through the senses, discuss their cause and possible solution; 3) Define a division of the city into HUL units based on the participants' criteria; 4) Detect the main threats to HUL in the city. Phase I Feb. to Mar. 2015 workshops with the community in neighbourhoods and communal spaces 16 Workshops Local community (148 citizens) 1) Search for elements by which citizens identify with their city through their senses; 2) Recognise anomalies in the city through their senses; 3) Identify the elements of historical heritage; 4) Propose the division of Cuenca's territory into Landscape Units; 5) Through brainstorming, get their opinion on issues for the re-evaluation and conservation of heritage. Phase I 2015 Photography contest: "Visions of the city" Photos The entire city Capture different points of view regarding the elements that make up Cuenca's Urban Landscape 2015 Drawing contest Drawing Children (public and private schools) Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale 221 Source: Synthesis prepared by the author Laís Pettinati, based on Rey-Pérez & Siguencia Ávila (2017); Ecuador (2014); Rey-Pérez & Tenze (2018); Universidade de Cuenca (2015); Rey-Pérez et al. (2017) The studies generated in Phase I were unprecedented in Cuenca [7]. The information obtained allowed the attributes and values of the Cuenca HUL to be identified in natural, cultural and human terms and its vulnerability to change and development to be evaluated [19]. At the end of the Visionary Conference, it was possible to understand and establish where in the process the determinants for future planning are to be found [7]. Lines of action were generated to define strategies to be introduced in Cuenca’s management system [21]. Due to a lack of initiative by the Municipality, the HUL approach has not yet been incorporated into an Urban Development Plan, which has led to the stagnation of the Plan [19;22]. 3.3 Notes The importance of governmental and other sectoral support and participation for the viability of comprehensive initiatives in the management of Historic Urban Landscapes is clear, as was the case in HUL Ballarat, but did not occur in PUH_C Cuenca [19;22]. Regarding the participatory methodology, some points were essential regarding the use of techniques: i) the language for dealing with the population (non-specialists) must be simple, and avoid technical terms that may constrain or confuse people; ii) seek to apply techniques that can encompass various audiences; iii) promote cross-dialogue between technicians and the population at all stages; iv) work with macro categories for the systematization of the work and future reviews. Phase II 7 to 8 May 2015 Visionary Conference The Participatory Diagnosis workshop Technicians, experts, citizens, stakeholders and local government managers. Return the information gathered to validate it, make corrections and jointly construct a diagnosis, a future scenario and possible lines of action. 222 P. Laís et al. 4 Cultural Mapping in Vale de Massarelos 4.1 Methodology In this study, we present preliminary data from broader ongoing research1 in Vale de Massarelos, which consists of developing a methodology that sustainably combines heritage conservation with contemporary urban development, through a participatory approach, in line with the HUL Recommendation [1]. The focus is on the participation of stakeholders to identify values and attributes, vulnerabilities and proposals for sustainable urban management. Data collection [23;24], listening and participation, is divided into two stages: 1) Initial immersion in the field - supported by non-participant and unstructured observation [24;25] and first interviews - to get to know the territory and define the stakeholders and techniques to be applied; 2) Immersion in the field - structured non-participant observation [24;25] and application of the participatory techniques defined. 1) Initial immersion in the field Understanding the territory, from the perspective of the people who inhabit it or experience it in different ways, is fundamental for the process of managing a territory [26]. Researchers and agents who want to work in heritage management, and actively involve the populations, can immerse themselves in an environment to obtain contacts, and locate privileged informants who can serve as a bridge between researchers and populations [12]. As a way of getting to know a territory, De Varine [27] advocates walking in it with residents who can serve as "guides", and show the place and its heritage from their point of view. This provides engagement and can instigate the sharing of memories, reflections, complaints and propositions [27]. For urban heritage management, the participation of stakeholders in the context under study is essential for identifying key values in their urban areas, developing visions, setting goals, agreeing on actions to safeguard their heritage and promoting sustainable development [1;28]. Thus, there are various stakeholders who can participate in the 1 The doctoral thesis by Laís Pettinati, titled "Heritage and development in the contemporary city: contributions to the participatory management of the Urban Historic Landscape of Vale de Massarelos." Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale 223 implementation of the HUL approach, depending on the cultural context [29]. Therefore, one must first understand the cultural context of each place to establish who the stakeholders are. It is essential to hear the point of view of citizens living in the city in different ways for the HUL approach to be understood among stakeholders [12]. Rey-Pérez et al. [12] advocate the need for the participation of three main groups - the public sector, private sector and citizen sector - and furthermore, that the broadening of the group of actors is fundamental to achieve greater participation and register various points of view, to reduce conflicts to a minimum and make the execution of projects more efficient and feasible [12]. Thus, in order to define the stakeholders, the first step was to approach the empirical field of study by means of: a) Participation in the Curricular Unit "Heritage and Landscape. Management, Analysis, Project" (FAUP), in which the object of study involved areas of Vale de Massarelos, in the 2019/2020; 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 editions; allowing initial contact with the area and improvements in the method due to experiences implemented in the discipline. b) Analysis on official websites to identify facilities, contacts, places and people. (March 2021) c) In the field, non-participative, individual and unstructured observation [24;25], carried out at different times and on different days, accompanied by the recording of notes in the field diary, chronologically organised photos and videos; aimed at a first contact to understand the space. (April-June 2021) d) Semi-structured individual interviews with key persons who were identified in the previous steps (a; b; c). (October-November 2021) This first approach was essential to make contacts, understand certain dynamics, get to know places and people, build trust between interlocutors and researcher and to build a social profile of the informants [30]. The sampling technique used was the 'snowball' [31]. Thus, from these analyses, and based on previous studies [12;29;32], the following categories of stakeholders were defined: public sector (municipal bodies, politicians, councillors, public servants); academic (universities, researchers, students); private (entrepreneurs, developers, companies, services - tourism, accommodation, commerce); cultural (museums, libraries, and 224 P. Laís et al. It was possible to realise, with regard to cultural meaning, that what was most notable was related to the sights, natural spaces, immaterial elements and green spaces that encompassed social, aesthetic and ecological-landscape values. Among the problems identified, those that received the most responses were related to the lack of services and transport, the lack of urban accessibility and pedestrian links between the different spaces, property speculation and the lack of people living there. Proposals focused on the need for services, the integration of the areas and the city with the university, and the refurbishment of existing housing. There is a need to attract more people to live in Massarelos and to stop property speculation. They also suggest maintaining the built heritage and preserving green and natural spaces. 3) The creation of the perception map played a crucial role in spatialising routes, connections and places, as well as activating collective memories, traditions and uses of space. Collective memories that were triggered and that stand out include: a) People used to wash clothes in the tanks, evoking memories of older generations who participated in this process and younger generations who remember accompanying their mothers. Sensations such as the smell of the clothes illustrate aspects of social and historical value. b) The fountain of Cais das Pedras was a meeting place and playground for children. It has a significant social and historical value. Also noteworthy is the importance participants attached to the communal vegetable garden. This space has relevant social and environmental value as it plays an essential role as a social and educational component, promoting community interaction and direct contact with nature for both children and adults. The coffee houses were identified primarily as places for socialising and have significant social value. These are just a few examples of the elements that were activated and explored during the creation of the perception map. This information will be compiled with other findings and contribute to a deeper and richer understanding of the study area and its cultural and historical connections. Cultural heritage mapping through community participation in Vale 231 Fig. 4. Perception maps of theVale de Massarelos 5 Conclusions It is imperative to emphasise the importance of the convergence of various methods, techniques, and tools, as evidenced in the three cases presented. This intersection allowed stakeholders' comprehensive engagement and demonstrated concrete and unpublished results. The methodology implemented, focused on the stakeholders, allowed us to undertake a critical reflection on the importance of their contribution in the processes of evaluating cultural significance, specifically: - they revealed a broad perception of heritage attributes, not just the tangible ones typically included in institutional heritage maps (e.g. The Porto Municipal Master Plan Heritage Map [37] which mainly identifies buildings) such as views, natural spaces, green spaces, people, etc., but also intangible values such as social, aesthetic, ecological and landscape values. - the importance of involving stakeholders in the early stages of the cultural mapping process and not just in the final validation. 232 P. Laís et al. A limitation identified in this study was the difficulty of working with children in the study area. The lack of schools in Vale de Massarelos made gathering local children in a common space for activities difficult. Initially, an attempt was made to overcome this challenge by providing materials and explaining the proposed activity to families with children living in Massarelos. The activity would encourage children to draw or write about what they liked the most about Massarelos. However, this approach did not generate significant family feedback or participation. Therefore, as a critical topic to overcome, it is important to explore ways to include children's perspectives on the cultural heritage of Vale de Massarelos, as this contribution is considered paramount despite the initial identified limitations. The ongoing work aims to develop a solid and comprehensive foundation for preserving the cultural significance of Vale de Massarelos. Thus, the results of this phase will serve as a basis for implementing practical actions to conserve this cultural heritage. Thereby, the information gathered in this phase will be processed to systematise the results in a format still under development. 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