Database of "in vivo" measurements for quantitative microwave imaging and reconstruction algorithms available

ADVANCED DEVELOPMENTS IN RADAR 1-7 December 1995. Wasliington, D.C. Continuing Enginecring Education Program. George Washington University. Academic Center, Room T-308,801 22ud Street NW, Washington. DC 20052. Tel: (800) 124-9773 (US); (800) 535-4567 (Canada); Fax: (202) 872-0615; e-mail: ceepinfo~seas.gwu.edu. MODERN TARGET SIGNATURE MEASUREMENT, EXSLOITATION AND COHERENT SIGNAL PROCESSTNG 8-10 January 1996, Washington. DC. 27-29 March 1996. Washington. DC. Johiis Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Orgaiiizatioiial Effectiveness Institute, 145 15 Barkwood Drive, Rockville, MD 208.53. Tcl: (800) 683-7267. or (301) 871-9608; Fax: (301) 871-1942: E-mail: info.ociQapl.jhu.edu. COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR EM APPLICATIONS 1-4 April 1996, Cambridge. England (Lecturers: J. B. Davies, R. D. Graglia, R. Mittra. D. R. Wilton). J.B. Dayics. Dept. of Electrical Enginecring, University College London. Torrington Place, London WClE 7JE, England. Tel: (1440) 44-17 1-388-7819; e-mail: b.da\ies~cleceiig.ucl.ac.uk; or Dr. Raj Mittra, Dr. Raj Mittra. Tcl: (217) 333-1200: Fax (217) 333-8986; e-niail: rmittra~decwa.ece.uiuc.edu. , AP-S VIDEO COURSES QUASI-OPTICAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS, by Paul F. Goldsmith. one I-hour tape plus booklet. Order Number HVO 021 1-3, $59.95 plus $5.00 shipping & handling. PATTERN SYNTHESIS FOR ANTENNA ARRAYS. by Robert S. Elliott, one 1.5-hour tape plus notes, Order Number EVO 1036, $25.00. ADAPTIVE PROCESSING ANTENNA SYSTEMS, by William F. Gabriel, two tapes (3 hours) plus notes, Ordcr Nuniber EVO 4051, $40.00. LATERAL ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, by Ronald W.P. King, two tapes (4 hours), Ordcr Numbcr EVO 4010. $30.00. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY MOVIE PROJECT. by R.W Colc and E.K Miller (cds.). two tapcs (2.5 hours) plus notes. Order Numbcr EVO 1044. $50.00. ANTENNA FAR-FIELD PATTERNS FROM NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS. by Yahy Ralimat-Samii. one 1.25-hour tape. Order Number EVO 4028. $15.00. A PRIMER ON THE REFLECTOR ANTENNA ART, by Willard V. T. Rusch. two tapcs (3 hours). Ordcr Number EVO 4085. $30.00. 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Database Of “In Vivo” Measurements for Quantitative Microwave Imaging and Reconstruction Algorithms Available [Editor’s note The availability of the following experimental data, appropriate for use in testing quantitative imaging and reconstruction algorithms, was announced at the joint AP-S/URSI-AB Special Session on “Image Reconstruction from Real Data,” organized at the Newport Beach Symposium by Bob McGahan, Ralph Kleinman, and Mike Fiddy The data set used as a common test for the algorithms discussed-the so-called “Ipswich Data”-may still be available from Bob McGahan (see his address, etc in the Chapter News column in this issue) Such data sets, particularly when based on carefdly made and documented measurements, are very valuable for testing both direct- and inverse-scattering prediction and reconstruction algorithms The Mngnzim invites those workers who have such data sets, and are willing to share them, to submit an announcement and description, such as that given below, for publication in the Mngnzriie WRS] Workers in Spain and France have developed equipment and a series of reconstruction algorithms for microwa poses Special attention has been devoted in thi invasive control of deep hyperthermia treatments are currently engaged in a program aiming to int circular scanner for the coaxial TEM application Hospital of Utrecht (NL) Both groups have develo tal prototypes, namely a planar-microwave camera [ France, and a circular scanner, in Spain [2] They have also developed the corresponding tomographic-reconstruction algorithms for qualitative spectral and quantitative spatial iterative purposes [3-51 As a result, a series of simulated and measured data are available It seems interesting to extend these data to other workers for assessing the overall robustness of quantitative reconstruction algorithms At present, this database contai want to use it, please contact Details on how to access the d the data, follow How to access the data The data files can be retrieved from an FTP server by the following scheme (the README.DOC file contains text similar to the above, describing the data) $ ftp voltor.upc.es 220 voltor FTP server (Version 16 2 Mort Apr 29 20 45 42 GMT Connected to VOLTOR UPC ES Name (VOLTOR UPC ES nadine) anonymous 33 1 Guest login ok, send ident as password Password 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply FTP> cd publBIOTMA 250 CWD command successhl FTP> ascii 1991) ready IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 37, No. 5, October 1995 87 200 Type set to A FTP> get README.DOC 200 PORT command successful 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for README (5046 226 Transfer complete local READAE DOC remote README DOC 5046 bytes received in 00 00 15 35 seconds bytes) The data You should obtain the following files: READMZDOC FANTCENT. ASC BRAGREG.ASC Each of the files with the .ASC extension are scattered fields measured in the cylindrical system. The data in FANTCENT.ASC were obtained from a phantom consisting of two Plexiglas cylinders, filled with different concentrations of ethyl alcohol, as explained below. Dimensions are ziven in millimeters. Figures 1 and 2. show the phantom for which the measurements were taken, and a reconstruction obtained from it Cylinder A was filled with a 96% solution of ethyl alcohol, with E* = 10.-j8.3. Cylinder B was filled with a 4% ethyl alcohol solution, with E*= 73.-jl1. The data in BRAGREG.ASC were taken from a human forearm. File format All data flies contain a matrix of 64 x 64 complex data values. The files are written in ASCII text, so you can inspect the data with a text editor. There is no header: just data. Each complex element is written in a line as floating-point text, in the format [real part] [imaginary part] pair of antenna numbers 0.0 0.0 (0,O) 0.0 0.0 (0>1) ... .... .... 2.301653e-1 -6.499484e-1 (0,17) .... .... .... 0.0 0.0 (64,641 111 n miri a tion The field amplitude corresponds to an incident cylindrical wave, produced by an axial current of I= 1 A: where I = I, I is the distance between the emitter and the point where the field is evaluated, k, is the wavenumber for the immersion medium, o is the pulsation, Ho is the second-order Hankel function, and ,u0 is the vacuum permeability The circular array is composed of 64 detectors. Hence, a maximum of 64 views can be used for the reconstruction. A view is obtained by using one antenna as an emitter, and 33 as receivers located on the opposite side, on a semicircle, as shown in Figure 3. The radius of the array is 0.125 m; the frequency is 2.33 GHz; and 0 "er = 77 3 -1 8 66 PVC #E+= 2.73 -1 0 01 1 Cyhiier A 95 EthyW Alcohol jcyhtder B) Figure 1. The phantom used for the measurements. TS5.C + 0.5.C - f=(2.330*0.001) CHZ spatialres . A=3 5mm - 33 meivers- 64 vkw3 Figure 2. A reconstruction obtained from the phantom data. 4 Figure 3. The arrangement of the transmitting and receiving antenna locations around the phantom. Note that when each antenna is used as a transmitter, 33 of the antennas are used as receivers. the complex permittivity of water at 25" C is taken to be 77.3 - j8.66 . References 1 J Ch Bolomey, Ch Pichot, "Microwave tomography from theory to practical imaging systems," I~iteenmfro~ml Jozinml of hagrig Sysfenis Techtiology, 2, 1990, pp 144-156 88 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 37, No. 5, October 1995 2. A. Broquetas, J. Romeu et al., “Cylindrical Geometry: A Further Step in Active Microwave Tomography,” IEEE Transactions on Microwme Theory aiid Techniques, MTT-39, 5, May 1991, pp. 836-844. 3. J. M. &us, Ch. Piehot, L. Joffre, J. Ch. Bolomey, N. Joachimowicz, A.Broquetas, M. Ferrando, “Planar and cylindrical active microwave temperature imaging. Niiniei?cal siimilntions, ” ZEEE Traiisactiom on Medical Iimgiiig, 11, 4, December 1992, pp. 457-469. 4. A. Broquetas, J. J. Mallorqui et al., “Active Microwave Sensing of Highly Contrasted Dielectric Bodies,” Joimal of EM Waves aid Applicafioils, 7, 11, November 1993, pp. 1439-1453. 5 N. Joachimowicz, Ch Piehot, J P Hugonin, “Inverse scattering an iterative numerical method for electromagnetic imaging,” ZEEE Transaclioin on Aiifer7iins arid Propagation, AP-39, 12, December 1991, pp 1742-1752 Jordi J. Mallorqui Grup A. M. R., Department of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya C/ Gran Capita s/n, D3 08034 Barcelona Spain E-mail: [email protected] N. Joachimowicz, J. Ch. Bolomey [email protected] Groupe de Electromagnetisine Ecole Superieure d’Electricite Plateau du Moulon, 91 190 Gif-sur-Yvette France E-mail: [email protected] SLJPELECLSS Antoni P. Broquetas Grup A. M. R., Department of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya C/ Gran Capita s/n, D3 08034 Barcelona Spain 111111111111111l1111lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Report on 15th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory Every three years, Commission B of URSI (Fields and Waves) organizes a symposium dedicated to the theory of electromagnetism It is the leading event-worldwide, but for the US-for all researchers active in the field The 15th symposium was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, May 23-26, 1995 This year’s event was formed from 32 sessions, which covered the following main areas Wave propagation in a wide variety of media, linear and nonlinear, anisotropic and bi-anisotropic, chiral, composite, with periodic and stochastic inhomogeneities, enclosed within waveguides, etc.; Forward and inverse scattering, including microwave imaging, with various kinds of reflecting obstacles and surfaces; Computation techniques: numerical, asymptotic, FDTD, transient responses; Basic electromagnetic theory; Most varieties of antennas: apertures, horns, reflectors, slots, patches, dipoles, arrays, resonators, together with analysis and synthesis techniques The event lasted four days, with four morning and afternoon sessions in parallel, including two poster sessions The Technical Program Committee had selected some 300 papers among the 456 proposed contributions Participants, numbering 349, came from 38 countries Among them were 25 “young scientists,” supported by URSI (the International Radio Scientific Union) There were many novel and original presentations, and I invited several authors to prepare surveys about their activities for feature articles in this Magazirie. The book of Proceedings-849 pages thick-contains a wealth of information that would be difficult to find elsewhere, covering, in particular, original developments made in CIS institutions (orders can be placed with Professor David Olver, E-mail: [email protected] ). The decision to organize the 15th symposium in Russia was made during the 1992 symposium, in Sydney, in the hope of promoting better relationships with Russian colleagues. Since most of these only have limited means to travel, it was felt suitable to go there and visit with them the next time. The scheme was partially successful. It was possible, in this way, to attract more participants from Russia and the CIS to the symposium, and thus to establish contacts which would be difficult to realize otherwise. However, in the present economic situation, even travel from Moscow to St Petersburz, and lodging during the symposium, were too expensive for many, and a number of Russian authors could not make it-the situation being even worse for Ukraine and Belarus contributors Salaries in the range $100 to $200 per month are not uncommon for engineers and academic personnel, and they are often are paid after long delays As usual, some persons seem to manage much better than others The Symposium was to have taken place at the Palace of Friendship, on the shore of the Fontanka (one of the most famous canals of St Petersburg), and close to the Nevski Prospekt (avenue), the main shopping artery of the city Unfortunately, because of the horrendous rates requested ($10,000 for the four days of the symposium), an alternate facility had to be found Our Russian colleagues proved most effective in locating one, obtaining from the City of St Petersburg thefree use of the necessary meeting and dining rooms in the historical and monumental “Smolny” building This was at first a boarding school for girls of noble families, becoming much later the first headquarters of Lenin A huge painting of Lenin still adorns the main meeting hall, in which all the plenary sessions were held Not so long ago, it would have been impossible for a foreigner to enter this administrative building and, still now, strict security measures are enforced participants had better not have forgotten their authorization, visa, and passport whenever entering, and also when exiting, the building IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 37, No. 5, October 1995 89